EP0153242A1 - Automatic ammunition loading system for a gun - Google Patents

Automatic ammunition loading system for a gun Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0153242A1
EP0153242A1 EP85400253A EP85400253A EP0153242A1 EP 0153242 A1 EP0153242 A1 EP 0153242A1 EP 85400253 A EP85400253 A EP 85400253A EP 85400253 A EP85400253 A EP 85400253A EP 0153242 A1 EP0153242 A1 EP 0153242A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barrel
door
motor
tube
ammunition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85400253A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0153242B1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Lacoste
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fives Cail Babcock SA
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Fives Cail Babcock SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fives Cail Babcock SA filed Critical Fives Cail Babcock SA
Priority to AT85400253T priority Critical patent/ATE36064T1/en
Publication of EP0153242A1 publication Critical patent/EP0153242A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0153242B1 publication Critical patent/EP0153242B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/50—External power or control systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/01—Feeding of unbelted ammunition
    • F41A9/24—Feeding of unbelted ammunition using a movable magazine or clip as feeding element
    • F41A9/26—Feeding of unbelted ammunition using a movable magazine or clip as feeding element using a revolving drum magazine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/38—Loading arrangements, i.e. for bringing the ammunition into the firing position
    • F41A9/39—Ramming arrangements
    • F41A9/42—Rammers separate from breech-block

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices for loading ammunition into a barrel mounted on the turret of an armored vehicle and comprising a barrel comprising a casing and a rotor placed in said casing and in which several housings are arranged regularly distributed around its axis and intended to each receive a munition, means for rotating the barrel rotor step by step to successively bring each munition in front of a lateral opening of the casing, a door which when closed prohibits the exit of an ammunition from the barrel by said opening, a member called a repressor disposed next to the barrel, behind the barrel, and intended to receive the ammunition leaving the barrel, through said opening, and to introduce them into the barrel, this member being actuated by springs armed by the recoil of the breech, a bolt intended to maintain the springs in the armed position and means for controlling the introduction of ammunition into the barrel by triggering said lock.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to free the operator from any concern for mechanical maneuvering by ensuring the automatic progress of all the loading operations of a munition from a single order and to save appreciable time on these operations.
  • the loading device which is the subject of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a first motor making it possible to rotate the barrel step by step, a second motor making it possible to open the door closing the opening of the barrel casing and to block it in the closed position, a third motor making it possible to trigger the lock of the repressor, means for controlling the second motor and opening said door on a loading order given by the operator, means for detecting the exit of a munition of the barrel, after opening the door, and controlling the second motor to close said door, means for detecting the closing of said door and controlling the first motor, for rotating the rotor of the barrel, and the third motor, for triggering the repressor lock, and means for stopping the first motor after the barrel rotor has rotated by an angle equal to the pitch of the first motor.
  • Said motors can be hydraulic and controlled by electro-valves or electrics.
  • Mechanical emergency means are provided for manually controlling the rotation of the barrel, the opening of the casing door and the lock of the refouler.
  • the barrel motor can be constituted by a hydraulic cylinder and a cam and roller system transforming the rectilinear and reciprocating movement of the cylinder piston in a step-by-step rotational movement, of the type described in French patent N ° 83.01309.
  • the second motor can be constituted by a single-acting hydraulic cylinder acting on the door of the barrel casing, which is pivoting, by means of a pusher guided along a rectilinear path and a cam made integral in rotation with the door. Return springs acting on said pusher bring it back and the piston of the jack in the retracted position, when the jack is not supplied, which allows the door to close under the action of its own weight.
  • the pusher will be provided with a heel which prevents rotation of the cam and consequently the opening of the door when the pusher is in the retracted position.
  • a disengageable coupling will be provided between the cam and the door to allow manual opening of the latter.
  • the third motor may be constituted by a single-acting hydraulic cylinder acting on a rod or a cable linked to the lock of the pump.
  • a jack whose piston is constituted by a tube inside which passes the cable or rod connected to the lock and which acts on a stop fixed to the end of the cable or rod.
  • An operating member fixed on the same end of the cable or of the rod makes it possible to release the lock manually.
  • the loading device shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 comprises two barrels 10 and 10 ′ installed on either side of the system 12 for introducing ammunition into the barrel and for ejecting the casings which is called a repressor.
  • This body ensures, using springs, the loading of ammunition in the breech of the barrel.
  • the springs are compressed; they are then kept in this state by a lug constituting a lock.
  • the ammunition stored in the barrels is brought one by one to the repressor using ramps 14, 14 '. By acting on the lug, the springs are released and the ammunition is pushed into the barrel by the repressor.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown the cylinders 16, 16 'which control the rotation step by step of the barrels, the cylinders 18, 18' which control the opening of the doors closing the lateral openings of the barrels and the actuator 20 on the retaining lug of the spring of the repressor to order the introduction of a munition into the barrel.
  • Solenoid valves 22-22 ', 24-24', 26-26 ', and 28 controlling the admission of oil to the chambers of these jacks are also shown.
  • FIG. 2 shows the electrical circuit for controlling the electromagnets which actuate the solenoid valves.
  • the windings are connected to an electrical source through a processor 30, constituted by a set of logic circuits and which controls the loading operations in the order and under the conditions indicated below.
  • the operator When the operator wishes to load ammunition into the barrel, he selects the barrel from which the ammunition must be extracted and gives the loading order by means of a switch 32. This order will only be executed if the breech is open and empty, the switch 34 then being closed.
  • the processor 30 first controls the opening of the door of the selected barrel by means of the jack 18 or 18 '. By passing on the corresponding ramp 14 or 14 ′, the ammunition actuates the switch 35 or 35 ′ and the processor then cuts the supply to the cylinder 18 or 18 ′ to allow the door to be closed.
  • the processor 30 controls the rotation of the barrel, using the jack 16 or 16 ′, and triggers the repressor by means of the jack 20.
  • the switch 34 opens and prohibits the operation of the loading device.
  • a limit switch 38 or 38 ' cuts the power to the cylinder 16 or 16' after the barrel rotor has turned one step to bring another munition before the opening of the housing.
  • processor can control each operation or some of them in isolation, for example the rotation of the barrel.
  • Figure 3 shows, by way of example, an embodiment of the stepping motor rotating the barrel rotor.
  • the barrel is constituted by a casing 110, closed at one of its ends by a bottom 112, and by a rotor formed of a tubular shaft 114 on which are mounted stars with six branches forming six housings regularly distributed around the axis of the barrel and intended to receive the ammunition.
  • the barrel rotor is supported at its end adjacent to the bottom 112 by a rolling bearing mounted on a part 120 fixed on the bottom 1 1 2.
  • the shaft 114 is also supported on a tube 122 which is supported at its ends by rolling bearings mounted on the part 120 and on a support 134 secured to the barrel casing.
  • a jack 16 and a splined shaft 138 Inside the tube 122 and coaxial with it are placed a jack 16 and a splined shaft 138, one end of which is fixed to the piston of the jack.
  • the jack is fixed to the support 134 and the splined shaft is slidably mounted in a bore of the part 120 provided with splines preventing rotation of the shaft 138.
  • These cams have a sawtooth profile and are mounted on the shaft so that the tips of the teeth of each of them are directed towards the adjacent end of the shaft 138.
  • Each cam has three teeth and the teeth of one cam are angularly offset by half a step with respect to the teeth of the other cam.
  • Each cam cooperates with a roller 144, 144 'whose axis is fixed radially on the tube 122, the axes of the two rollers being aligned on the same generatrix of the tube.
  • the cams are kept in contact with the respective rollers by springs 146, 146 'compressed between the cams and a stop ring fixed on the shaft 138
  • One of the rollers, the roller 144 in Figure 3 is then at the bottom of the teeth and the other roller on the top of a tooth.
  • the cams 142, 142 ′ remain in their initial positions until a ring 150 housed in a groove in the shaft 138 comes up against the cam 142. The latter is then driven by the shaft 138 and the roller 144 is released from the bottom of the teeth of this cam, which allows the tube 122 to rotate. Under the action of the spring 146 'which pushes the cam 142' against the roller 144 ', the tube 122 rotates until the roller reaches the bottom of the teeth of this cam which corresponds to a rotation of one sixth of tower.
  • the tube 122 is then locked in its new position and it can only rotate, by the same angle, when the piston of the jack 16 and the shaft 138 are moved in the opposite direction.
  • the rotation of the tube 122 is transmitted to the tubular shaft 114 of the barrel by a sleeve 152 disposed concentrically with the tube 122 and supported by the latter and by the support 134 by means of bearings.
  • This sleeve is coupled to the shaft 114 by rollers 158 mounted on the shaft and housed in longitudinal slots in the sleeve.
  • the latter is moreover coupled to the tube 122 by a tooth coupling 162 which is disengageable by axial displacement of the sleeve on the tube.
  • a flywheel 166 fixed on the sleeve allows, after disengaging the coupling 162, to rotate the barrel rotor.
  • FIGS 4 and 5 show an embodiment of the control and locking system of the door 70 closing the lateral opening 68 d-a barrel.
  • This door is pivoting and formed by fingers fixed on a tube 72 mounted on a fixed axis 74 parallel to the axis of the barrel.
  • the tube 72 is provided with teeth engaging in notches of complementary shape cut out from the adjacent end of a tube end 76; of the same diameter as the tube 72 and also mounted on the axis 74.
  • a helical spring 78 exerts an axial thrust on the tube 72 and keeps it in engagement with the end of the tube 76 which is in abutment against a support lug of the 'axis 74.
  • the end of the tube 76 is made integral, by a key 80, with a cam 82 on which acts a pusher 84 which is itself moved by the piston 86 of the jack 18.
  • a cam 82 on which acts a pusher 84 which is itself moved by the piston 86 of the jack 18.
  • the displacement of the piston 86 causes the door to open.
  • Return springs 90 keep the pusher and the piston in the retracted position when the jack is not supplied.
  • the pusher 84 has a heel 92 which, when in the retracted position, prohibits the rotation of the cam 82 and blocks the door in the closed position.
  • the door can however be lifted manually, to release the opening 68, by moving it parallel to the axis of the barrel, against the action of the spring 78, so as to release the end of the tube 72 from the end of the tube 76, and rotating it around axis 74.
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of the jack 20 controlling the repressor.
  • the jack comprises a cylindrical body 94 fixed on a fixed support by means of a flange 96 and a core 98 fixed in leaktight manner to one end of the body 94 and forming with it a chamber with an annular section in which is housed a piston tubular 100. Seals are mounted in the bore of the cylinder body and on the core, at the open end of the chamber.
  • the core 98 is pierced right through an axial passage in which a rod 102 can slide, connected by a linkage to the lock of the repressor.
  • This rod carries at its end, a yoke 104 and a washer 106 on which the piston 100 acts when pressurized oil is admitted into the chamber of the jack to trigger the repressor.
  • a handle mounted directly on the end of the rod 102 or connected to the latter by a rod or a cable makes it possible to trigger the pump manually, for example in the event of failure of the hydraulic power unit supplying the jacks.
  • hydraulic cylinders instead of hydraulic cylinders, electric motors or electromagnets could be used to rotate the barrel, control the opening of the barrel door and trigger the repressor. Hydraulic logic circuits could be used to control these operations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/FR85/00026 Sec. 371 Date Sep. 20, 1985 Sec. 102(e) Date Sep. 20, 1985 PCT Filed Feb. 14, 1985 PCT Pub. No. WO85/03769 PCT Pub. Date Aug. 29, 1985.The invention concerns devices serving to load ammunition in a cannon consisting of a tube comprising a housing and a rotor in which are arranged several recesses distributed uniformly about its axis and each intended to receive a shell, a door which when closed prevents a shell from exiting the tube, a rammer driven by springs cocked by the recoil of the breech and a lock serving to maintain the springs in the cocked position. To enable the automatic sequence of all the shell loading operations at a single command, the device of the invention comprises motors (16, 18, 20) serving to rotate the tube (10) step by step, to open the door of the tube and to lock it in the closed position, and to release the bolt of the rammer (12), means for controlling these motors in a given sequence at a loading order given by the operator and means for detecting a shell exiting the tube and for detecting the closing of the door.

Description

La présente invention concerne les dispositifs de chargement des munitions dans un canon monté sur la tourelle d'un engin blindé et comportant un barillet comprenant un carter et un rotor placé dans ledit carter et dans lequel sont aménagés plusieurs logements régulièrement répartis autour de son axe et destinés à recevoir chacun une munition, des moyens pour faire tourner le rotor du barillet pas-à-pas pour amener successivement chaque munition devant une ouverture latérale du carter, une porte qui lorsqu'elle est fermée interdit la sortie d'une munition du barillet par ladite ouverture, un organe appelé refouloir disposé à côté du barillet, derrière le canon, et destiné à recevoir les munitions sortant du barillet, à travers ladite ouverture, et à les introduire dans le canon, cet organe étant actionné par des ressorts armés par le recul de la culasse, un verrou destiné à maintenir les ressorts en position armée et des moyens pour commander l'introduction d'une munition dans le canon en déclenchant ledit verrou.The present invention relates to devices for loading ammunition into a barrel mounted on the turret of an armored vehicle and comprising a barrel comprising a casing and a rotor placed in said casing and in which several housings are arranged regularly distributed around its axis and intended to each receive a munition, means for rotating the barrel rotor step by step to successively bring each munition in front of a lateral opening of the casing, a door which when closed prohibits the exit of an ammunition from the barrel by said opening, a member called a repressor disposed next to the barrel, behind the barrel, and intended to receive the ammunition leaving the barrel, through said opening, and to introduce them into the barrel, this member being actuated by springs armed by the recoil of the breech, a bolt intended to maintain the springs in the armed position and means for controlling the introduction of ammunition into the barrel by triggering said lock.

Dans les dispositifs connus la manoeuvre de la porte fermant l'ouverture du carter, la rotation du barillet, et le déclenchement du verrou du refouloir sont effectuées manuellement. Toutes ces opérations, notamment la rotation du barillet, nécessitent un effort physique rendu pénible par le peu de place disponible à l'intérieur de la tourelle et prennent du temps, ce qui peut être défavorable à la bonne conduite du tir.In known devices, the operation of the door closing the opening of the casing, the rotation of the barrel, and the release of the rammer lock are carried out manually. All these operations, in particular the rotation of the barrel, require a physical effort made painful by the little space available inside the turret and take time, which can be unfavorable for the good conduct of the shot.

Par ailleurs, les transmissions mécaniques entre les organes de commande actionnés par l'opérateur et les organes en- trainés encombrent l'intérieur de la tourelle et réduisent encore l'espace disponible.Furthermore, the mechanical transmissions between the operator-actuated control members and the driven members clutter the interior of the turret and further reduce the space available.

Pour remédier à ces inconvénients, on a proposé de motoriser le barillet. Cette motorisation permet une amélioration sensible des conditions de conduite du tir, mais le gain de temps reste faible car les différentes opérations sont toujours commandées ou effectuées manuellement l'une après l'autre.To overcome these drawbacks, it has been proposed to motorize the barrel. This motorization allows a significant improvement in the shooting conditions, but the gain time remains low because the different operations are always controlled or performed manually one after the other.

Le but de la présente invention est de libérer l'opérateur de tout souci de manoeuvre mécanique en assurant le déroulement automatique de toutes les opérations de chargement d'une munition à partir d'un ordre unique et de réaliser un gain de temps appréciable sur ces opérations.The purpose of the present invention is to free the operator from any concern for mechanical maneuvering by ensuring the automatic progress of all the loading operations of a munition from a single order and to save appreciable time on these operations.

Le dispositif de chargement objet de la présente invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un premier moteur permettant de faire tourner le barillet pas-à-pas, un deuxième moteur permettant d'ouvrir la porte fermant l'ouverture du carter du barillet et de le bloquer en position fermée, un troisième moteur permettant de déclencher le verrou du refouloir, des moyens pour commander le deuxième moteur et ouvrir ladite porte sur un ordre de chargement donné par l'opérateur, des moyens pour détecter la sortie d'une munition du barillet, après ouverture de la porte, et commander le deuxième moteur pour fermer ladite porte, des moyens pour détecter la fermeture de ladite porte et commander le premier moteur, pour faire tourner le rotor du barillet, et le troisième moteur, pour déclencher le verrou du refouloir, et des moyens pour arrêter le premier moteur après que le rotor du barillet ait tourné d'un angle égal au pas du premier moteur.The loading device which is the subject of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a first motor making it possible to rotate the barrel step by step, a second motor making it possible to open the door closing the opening of the barrel casing and to block it in the closed position, a third motor making it possible to trigger the lock of the repressor, means for controlling the second motor and opening said door on a loading order given by the operator, means for detecting the exit of a munition of the barrel, after opening the door, and controlling the second motor to close said door, means for detecting the closing of said door and controlling the first motor, for rotating the rotor of the barrel, and the third motor, for triggering the repressor lock, and means for stopping the first motor after the barrel rotor has rotated by an angle equal to the pitch of the first motor.

Les dits moteurs peuvent être hydrauliques et commandés par l'intermédiaire d'électro-vannes ou électriques.Said motors can be hydraulic and controlled by electro-valves or electrics.

Des moyens mécaniques de secours sont prévus pour commander manuellement la rotation du barillet, l'ouverture de la porte du carter et le verrou du refouloir.Mechanical emergency means are provided for manually controlling the rotation of the barrel, the opening of the casing door and the lock of the refouler.

Le moteur du barillet peut être constitué par un vérin hydraulique et un système à cames et galets tranformant le mouvement rectiligne et alternatif du piston du vérin en un mouvement de rotation pas-à-pas, du type décrit dans le brevet français N° 83.01309.The barrel motor can be constituted by a hydraulic cylinder and a cam and roller system transforming the rectilinear and reciprocating movement of the cylinder piston in a step-by-step rotational movement, of the type described in French patent N ° 83.01309.

Le deuxième moteur peut être constitué par un vérin hydraulique à simple effet agissant sur la porte du carter du barillet, qui est pivotante, par l'intermédiaire d'un poussoir guidé suivant un trajet rectiligne et d'une came rendue solidaire en rotation de la porte. Des ressorts de rappel agissant sur ledit poussoir ramènent celui-ci et le piston du vérin en position rétractée, quand le vérin n'est pas alimenté, ce qui permet la fermeture de la porte sous l'action de son propre poids. Pour verrouiller la porte en position fermée, le poussoir sera muni d'un talon qui interdit la rotation de la came et par conséquent l'ouverture de la porte lorsque le poussoir est en position rétractée. Un accouplement débrayable sera prévu entre la came et la porte pour permettre l'ouverture manuelle de cette dernière.The second motor can be constituted by a single-acting hydraulic cylinder acting on the door of the barrel casing, which is pivoting, by means of a pusher guided along a rectilinear path and a cam made integral in rotation with the door. Return springs acting on said pusher bring it back and the piston of the jack in the retracted position, when the jack is not supplied, which allows the door to close under the action of its own weight. To lock the door in the closed position, the pusher will be provided with a heel which prevents rotation of the cam and consequently the opening of the door when the pusher is in the retracted position. A disengageable coupling will be provided between the cam and the door to allow manual opening of the latter.

Le troisième moteur peut être constitué par un vérin hydraulique à simple effet agissant sur une tige ou un câble lié au verrou du refouloir. On pourra, en particulier, utiliser un vérin dont le piston est constitué par un tube à l'intérieur duquel passe le câble ou la tige reliée au verrou et qui agit sur une butée fixée à l'extrémité du câble ou de la tige. Un organe de manoeuvre fixé sur la même extrémité du câble ou de la tige permet de déclencher le verrou manuellement.The third motor may be constituted by a single-acting hydraulic cylinder acting on a rod or a cable linked to the lock of the pump. We can, in particular, use a jack whose piston is constituted by a tube inside which passes the cable or rod connected to the lock and which acts on a stop fixed to the end of the cable or rod. An operating member fixed on the same end of the cable or of the rod makes it possible to release the lock manually.

D'autres caractéristiques de l'invention apparaitront à la lecture de la description qui suit et se réfère aux dessins l'accompagnant qui montrent, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, un mode de réalisation de l'invention et sur lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un dispositif de chargement pour munitions à deux barillets conforme à l'invention ;
  • La figure 2 est le schéma électrique de commande des électro-vannes du dispositif de le figure 1 ;
  • La figure 3 est une coupe longitudinale d'un barillet ;
  • La figure 4 est une vue partiellement en coupe et partiellement en élévation du système de commande de la porte du barillet ;
  • La figure 5 est une coupe transversale d'un barillet montrant le système de commande de la porte ; et
  • La figure 6 est une coupe longitudinale du vérin de commande du verrou du refouloir.
Other characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows and refers to the accompanying drawings which show, by way of nonlimiting example, an embodiment of the invention and in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a loading device for ammunition with two barrels according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is the electrical diagram for controlling the solenoid valves of the device of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of a barrel;
  • Figure 4 is a partially sectional view and partially in elevation of the barrel door control system;
  • Figure 5 is a cross section of a barrel showing the door control system; and
  • FIG. 6 is a longitudinal section of the actuator for controlling the lock of the ram.

Le dispositif de chargement représenté schématiquement sur la figure 1 comprend deux barillets 10 et 10' installés de part etod'autre du système 12 d'introduction des munitions dans le canon et d'éjection des douilles qui est appelé refouloir. Cet organe assure, à l'aide de ressorts, le chargement des munitions dans la culasse du canon. Au moment du recul du canon, les ressorts sont comprimés ; ils sont ensuite maintenus dans cet état par un ergot constituant un verrou. Les munitions stockées dans les barillets sont amenées une à une sur le refouloir à l'aide de rampes 14, 14'. En agissant sur l'ergot on libère les ressorts et la munition est poussée dans le canon par le refouloir.The loading device shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 comprises two barrels 10 and 10 ′ installed on either side of the system 12 for introducing ammunition into the barrel and for ejecting the casings which is called a repressor. This body ensures, using springs, the loading of ammunition in the breech of the barrel. When the barrel retreats, the springs are compressed; they are then kept in this state by a lug constituting a lock. The ammunition stored in the barrels is brought one by one to the repressor using ramps 14, 14 '. By acting on the lug, the springs are released and the ammunition is pushed into the barrel by the repressor.

Sur la figure 1 on a représenté les vérins 16, 16' qui commandent la rotation pas-à-pas des barillets, les vérins 18, 18' qui commandent l'ouverture des portes fermant les ouvertures latérales des barillets et le vérin 20 qui agit sur l'ergot de retenue des ressorts du refouloir pour commander l'introduction d'une munition dans le canon. Des électro-vannes 22-22', 24-24', 26-26', et 28 contrôlant l'admission d'huile aux chambres de ces vérins sont également représentées.In Figure 1 there is shown the cylinders 16, 16 'which control the rotation step by step of the barrels, the cylinders 18, 18' which control the opening of the doors closing the lateral openings of the barrels and the actuator 20 on the retaining lug of the spring of the repressor to order the introduction of a munition into the barrel. Solenoid valves 22-22 ', 24-24', 26-26 ', and 28 controlling the admission of oil to the chambers of these jacks are also shown.

La figure 2 montre le circuit électrique de commande des électro-aimants qui actionnent les électro-vannes. Les bobinages sont reliés à une source électrique à travers un processeur 30, constitué par un ensemble de circuits logiques et qui commande les opérations de chargement dans l'ordre et les conditions indiquées ci-après.FIG. 2 shows the electrical circuit for controlling the electromagnets which actuate the solenoid valves. The windings are connected to an electrical source through a processor 30, constituted by a set of logic circuits and which controls the loading operations in the order and under the conditions indicated below.

Lorsque l'opérateur désire charger une munition dans le canon, il sélectionne le barillet d'où la munition doit être extraite et donne l'ordre de chargement au moyen d'un interrupteur 32. Cet ordre ne sera exécuté que si la culasse est ouverte et vide, l'interrupteur 34 étant alors fermé. Le processeur 30 commande d'abord l'ouverture de la porte du barillet sélectionné au moyen du vérin 18 ou 18'. En passant sur la rampe 14 ou 14' correspondante, la munition actionne l'interrupteur 35 ou 35' et le processeur coupe alors l'alimentation du vérin 18 ou 18' pour permettre la fermeture de la porte. Celle-ci est détectée par le capteur 36 ou 36' et dès que le processeur 30 en est informé, il commande la rotation du barillet, à l'aide du vérin 16 ou 16', et déclenche le refouloir au moyen du vérin 20. Dès que la munition a été introduite dans la culasse et que celle-ci a été fermée, l'interrupteur 34 s'ouvre et interdit le fonctionnement du dispositif de chargement. Un interrupteur de fin de course 38 ou 38' coupe l'alimentation du vérin 16 ou 16' après que le rotor du barillet ait tourné d'un pas pour amener une autre munition devant l'ouverture du carter.When the operator wishes to load ammunition into the barrel, he selects the barrel from which the ammunition must be extracted and gives the loading order by means of a switch 32. This order will only be executed if the breech is open and empty, the switch 34 then being closed. The processor 30 first controls the opening of the door of the selected barrel by means of the jack 18 or 18 '. By passing on the corresponding ramp 14 or 14 ′, the ammunition actuates the switch 35 or 35 ′ and the processor then cuts the supply to the cylinder 18 or 18 ′ to allow the door to be closed. This is detected by the sensor 36 or 36 ′ and as soon as the processor 30 is informed of it, it controls the rotation of the barrel, using the jack 16 or 16 ′, and triggers the repressor by means of the jack 20. As soon as the ammunition has been inserted into the cylinder head and the latter has been closed, the switch 34 opens and prohibits the operation of the loading device. A limit switch 38 or 38 'cuts the power to the cylinder 16 or 16' after the barrel rotor has turned one step to bring another munition before the opening of the housing.

Il est prévu que le processeur puisse commander isolément chaque opération ou certaines d'entre elles, par exemple la rotation du barillet.It is intended that the processor can control each operation or some of them in isolation, for example the rotation of the barrel.

La figure 3 montre, à titre d'exemple, un mode de réalisation du moteur pas-à-pas faisant tourner le rotor du barillet. Le barillet est constitué par un carter 110, fermé à une de ses extrémités par un fond 112, et par un rotor formé d'un arbre tubulaire 114 sur lequel sont montés des étoiles à six branches formant six logements régulièrement répartis autour de l'axe du barillet et destinés à recevoir les munitions.Figure 3 shows, by way of example, an embodiment of the stepping motor rotating the barrel rotor. The barrel is constituted by a casing 110, closed at one of its ends by a bottom 112, and by a rotor formed of a tubular shaft 114 on which are mounted stars with six branches forming six housings regularly distributed around the axis of the barrel and intended to receive the ammunition.

Le rotor du barillet est supporté à son extrémité adjacente au fond 112 par un palier à roulements monté sur une pièce 120 fixée sur le fond 112. L'arbre 114 prend par ailleurs appui sur un tube 122 qui est supporté à ses extrémités par des paliers à roulements montés sur la pièce 120 et sur un support 134 solidaire du carter du barillet.The barrel rotor is supported at its end adjacent to the bottom 112 by a rolling bearing mounted on a part 120 fixed on the bottom 1 1 2. The shaft 114 is also supported on a tube 122 which is supported at its ends by rolling bearings mounted on the part 120 and on a support 134 secured to the barrel casing.

A l'intérieur du tube 122 et coaxialement à celui-ci sont placés un vérin 16 et un arbre cannelé 138 dont une extrémité est fixée au piston du vérin. Le vérin est fixé au support 134 et l'arbre cannelé est monté coulissant dans un alésage de la pièce 120 muni de cannelures interdisant la rotation de l'arbre 138.Inside the tube 122 and coaxial with it are placed a jack 16 and a splined shaft 138, one end of which is fixed to the piston of the jack. The jack is fixed to the support 134 and the splined shaft is slidably mounted in a bore of the part 120 provided with splines preventing rotation of the shaft 138.

Deux cames annulaires 142 et 142' sont montées coulissantes sur l'arbre 138 au moyen de manchons cannelés de façon à empécher la rotation des cames sur l'arbre. Ces cames ont un profil en dents de scie et sont montées sur l'arbre de telle sorte que les pointes des dents de chacune d'elles soient dirigées vers l'extrémité adjacente de l'arbre 138. Chaque came comporte trois dents et les dents d'une came sont décalées angulairement d'un demi-pas par rapport aux dents de l'autre came.Two annular cams 142 and 142 'are slidably mounted on the shaft 138 by means of grooved sleeves so as to prevent the rotation of the cams on the shaft. These cams have a sawtooth profile and are mounted on the shaft so that the tips of the teeth of each of them are directed towards the adjacent end of the shaft 138. Each cam has three teeth and the teeth of one cam are angularly offset by half a step with respect to the teeth of the other cam.

Chaque came coopère avec un galet 144, 144' dont l'axe est fixé radialement sur le tube 122, les axes des deux galets étant alignés sur une même génératrice du tube. Lorsque le piston du vérin 16 se trouve dans l'une de ses positions limites, les cames sont maintenues en contact avec les galets respectifs par des ressorts 146, 146' comprimés entre les cames et une bague d'arrêt fixée sur l'arbre 138. L'un des galets, le galet 144 sur la figure 3, se trouve alors au fond des dents et l'autre galet sur le sommet d'une dent. Lorsque le piston du vérin 16 et l'arbre 138 sont déplacés vers la droite, à partir de la position qu'ils occupent sur la figure 3, les cames 142, 142' restent dans leurs positions initiales jusqu'à ce qu'un anneau 150 logé dans une gorge de l'arbre 138 vienne buter contre la came 142. Celle-ci est alors entrainée par l'arbre 138 et le galet 144 est dégagé du fond des dents de cette came ce qui autorise la rotation du tube 122. Sous l'action du ressort 146' qui pousse la came 142' contre le galet 144', le tube 122 tourne jusqu'à ce que le galet arrive au fond des dents de cette came ce qui correspond à une rotation d'un sixième de tour.Each cam cooperates with a roller 144, 144 'whose axis is fixed radially on the tube 122, the axes of the two rollers being aligned on the same generatrix of the tube. When the piston of the jack 16 is in one of its limit positions, the cams are kept in contact with the respective rollers by springs 146, 146 'compressed between the cams and a stop ring fixed on the shaft 138 One of the rollers, the roller 144 in Figure 3, is then at the bottom of the teeth and the other roller on the top of a tooth. When the piston of the jack 16 and the shaft 138 are moved to the right, from the position they occupy in FIG. 3, the cams 142, 142 ′ remain in their initial positions until a ring 150 housed in a groove in the shaft 138 comes up against the cam 142. The latter is then driven by the shaft 138 and the roller 144 is released from the bottom of the teeth of this cam, which allows the tube 122 to rotate. Under the action of the spring 146 'which pushes the cam 142' against the roller 144 ', the tube 122 rotates until the roller reaches the bottom of the teeth of this cam which corresponds to a rotation of one sixth of tower.

Le tube 122 est alors bloqué dans sa nouvelle position et il ne pourra tourner, du même angle, que lorsque le piston du vérin 16 et l'arbre 138 seront déplacés en sens inverse.The tube 122 is then locked in its new position and it can only rotate, by the same angle, when the piston of the jack 16 and the shaft 138 are moved in the opposite direction.

La rotation du tube 122 esttransmise à l'arbre tubulaire 114 du barillet par un manchon 152 disposé concentriquement au tube 122 et supporté par ce dernier et par le support 134 par l'intermédiaire de coussinets. Ce manchon est accouplé à l'arbre 114 par des galets 158 montés sur l'arbre et logés dans des lumières longitudinales du manchon. Celui-ci est par ailleurs accouplé au tube 122 par un accouplement à dents 162 qui est débrayable par déplacement axial du manchon sur le tube. Un volant 166 fixé sur le manchon permet, après avoir débrayé l'accouplement 162, de faire tourner le rotor du barillet.The rotation of the tube 122 is transmitted to the tubular shaft 114 of the barrel by a sleeve 152 disposed concentrically with the tube 122 and supported by the latter and by the support 134 by means of bearings. This sleeve is coupled to the shaft 114 by rollers 158 mounted on the shaft and housed in longitudinal slots in the sleeve. The latter is moreover coupled to the tube 122 by a tooth coupling 162 which is disengageable by axial displacement of the sleeve on the tube. A flywheel 166 fixed on the sleeve allows, after disengaging the coupling 162, to rotate the barrel rotor.

Les figures 4 et 5 montrent un exemple de réalisation du système de commande et de verrouillage de la porte 70 fermant l'ouverture latérale 68 d-un barillet. Cette porte est pivotante et constituée par des doigts fixés sur un tube 72 monté sur un axe fixe 74 parallèle à l'axe du barillet.Figures 4 and 5 show an embodiment of the control and locking system of the door 70 closing the lateral opening 68 d-a barrel. This door is pivoting and formed by fingers fixed on a tube 72 mounted on a fixed axis 74 parallel to the axis of the barrel.

A l'une de ses extrémités, le tube 72 est muni de dents s'engageant dans des échancrures de forme complémentaire découpées dans l'extrémité adjacente d'un bout de tube 76; de même diamètre que le tube 72 et également monté sur l'axe 74. Un ressort hélicoïdal 78 exerce une poussée axiale sur le tube 72 et le maintient en prise avec le bout du tube 76 qui est en butée contre une patte de support de l'axe 74.At one of its ends, the tube 72 is provided with teeth engaging in notches of complementary shape cut out from the adjacent end of a tube end 76; of the same diameter as the tube 72 and also mounted on the axis 74. A helical spring 78 exerts an axial thrust on the tube 72 and keeps it in engagement with the end of the tube 76 which is in abutment against a support lug of the 'axis 74.

Le bout de tube 76 est rendu solidaire, par une clavette 80, d'une came 82 sur laquelle agit un poussoir 84 qui est lui- même déplacé par le piston 86 du vérin 18. Lorsque le vérin est alimenté, le déplacement du piston 86 provoque l'ouverture de la porte. Des ressorts de rappel 90 maintiennent le poussoir et le piston en position rétractée lorsque le vérin n'est pas alimenté. Le poussoir 84 comporte un talon 92 qui, lorsqu'il est en position rétractée, interdit la rotation de la came 82 et bloque la porte en position de fermeture.The end of the tube 76 is made integral, by a key 80, with a cam 82 on which acts a pusher 84 which is itself moved by the piston 86 of the jack 18. When the jack is supplied, the displacement of the piston 86 causes the door to open. Return springs 90 keep the pusher and the piston in the retracted position when the jack is not supplied. The pusher 84 has a heel 92 which, when in the retracted position, prohibits the rotation of the cam 82 and blocks the door in the closed position.

La porte peut cependant être soulevée manuellement, pour dégager l'ouverture 68, en la déplaçant parallèlement à l'axe du barillet, contre l'action du ressort 78, de façon à dégager l'extrémité du tube 72 du bout du tube 76, et en la faisant tourner autour de l'axe 74.The door can however be lifted manually, to release the opening 68, by moving it parallel to the axis of the barrel, against the action of the spring 78, so as to release the end of the tube 72 from the end of the tube 76, and rotating it around axis 74.

La figure 6 montre un exemple de réalisation du vérin 20 commandant le refouloir. Le vérin comporte un corps cylindrique 94 fixé sur un support fixe au moyen d'une bride 96 et un noyau 98 fixé de manière étanche à une extrémité du corps 94 et formant avec celui-ci une chambre à section annulaire dans laquelle est logé un piston tubulaire 100. Des joints d'étanchéité sont montés dans l'alésage du corps du vérin et sur le noyau, à l'extrémité ouverte de la chambre. Le noyau 98 est percé de part en part d'un passage axial dans lequel peut coulisser une tige 102 reliée par une tringlerie au verrou du refouloir. Cette tige porte à son extrémité une chape 104 et une rondelle 106 sur laquelle agit le piston 100 lorsque de l'huile sous pression est admise dans la chambre du vérin pour déclencher le refouloir. Une poignée montée directement sur l'extrémité de la tige 102 ou reliée à celle-ci par une tringle ou un câble permet de déclencher le refouloir manuellement, par exemple en cas de panne de la centrale hydraulique alimentant les vérins.FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of the jack 20 controlling the repressor. The jack comprises a cylindrical body 94 fixed on a fixed support by means of a flange 96 and a core 98 fixed in leaktight manner to one end of the body 94 and forming with it a chamber with an annular section in which is housed a piston tubular 100. Seals are mounted in the bore of the cylinder body and on the core, at the open end of the chamber. The core 98 is pierced right through an axial passage in which a rod 102 can slide, connected by a linkage to the lock of the repressor. This rod carries at its end, a yoke 104 and a washer 106 on which the piston 100 acts when pressurized oil is admitted into the chamber of the jack to trigger the repressor. A handle mounted directly on the end of the rod 102 or connected to the latter by a rod or a cable makes it possible to trigger the pump manually, for example in the event of failure of the hydraulic power unit supplying the jacks.

Au lieu de vérins hydrauliques, on pourrait utiliser des moteurs électriques ou des électro-aimants pour faire tourner le barillet, commander l'ouverture de la porte du barillet et déclencher le refouloir. On pourrait utiliser des circuits logiques hydrauliques pour commander ces opérations.Instead of hydraulic cylinders, electric motors or electromagnets could be used to rotate the barrel, control the opening of the barrel door and trigger the repressor. Hydraulic logic circuits could be used to control these operations.

Claims (10)

1. Dispositif de chargement automatique des munitions dans un canon comportant un barillet (10, 10') comprenant un carter et un rotor placé à l'intérieur de celui-ci et dans lequel sont aménagés plusieurs logements régulièrement répartis autour de son axe et destinés à recevoir chacun une munition, la rotation du barillet permettant d'amener successivement chaque munition devant une ouverture latérale du carter normalement fermée par ureporte, un refouloir actionné par des ressorts et destiné à recevoir les munitions sortant du barillet et à les introduire dans le canon, et un verrou maintenant les ressorts en position armée, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre un premier moteur (16) permettant de faire tourner le rotor du barillet (10) pas-à-pas, un deuxième moteur (18) permettant de commander l'ouverture de ladite porte (70), un troisième moteur (20) permettant de déclencher le verrou du refouloir (12), des moyens (30) pour commander successivement l'ouverture de ladite porte, sur un ordre de chargement donné par l'opérateur, sa fermeture, après sortie d' une munition du barillet, et la rotation du barillet, après fermeture de la porte, des moyens (35, 35') pour détecter la sortie d'une munition d'un barillet, des moyens (36, 36') pour détecter la fermeture de ladite porte et des moyens (38, 38') pour arrêter le premier moteur après que le rotor du barillet ait tourné d'un angle égal à un pas.1. Device for automatically loading ammunition into a barrel comprising a barrel (10, 10 ′) comprising a casing and a rotor placed inside of it and in which several housings are arranged regularly distributed around its axis and intended to each receive a munition, the rotation of the barrel making it possible to successively bring each ammunition in front of a lateral opening of the casing normally closed by means of a door, a repeller actuated by springs and intended to receive the ammunition leaving the barrel and to introduce them into the barrel , and a lock holding the springs in the armed position, characterized in that it further comprises a first motor (16) making it possible to rotate the barrel rotor (10) step by step, a second motor (18) allowing to control the opening of said door (70), a third motor (20) making it possible to trigger the lock of the ram (12), means (30) for successively controlling the opening of said door, on a loading order given by the operator, its closure, after leaving an ammunition from the barrel, and the rotation of the barrel, after closing the door, means (35, 35 ') for detecting the exit of a ammunition of a barrel, means (36, 36 ') for detecting the closing of said door and means (38, 38') for stopping the first motor after the barrel rotor has rotated by an angle equal to one not. 2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que des moyens mécaniques de secours sont prévus pour commander manuellement la rotation du barillet, l'ouverture de la porte du carter du barillet et le verrou du refouloir.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that mechanical emergency means are provided for manually controlling the rotation of the barrel, the opening of the door of the barrel casing and the lock of the stripper. 3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le premier moteur (16) est logé à l'intérieur de l'arbre creux (114) du rotor du barillet.3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first motor (16) is housed inside the hollow shaft (114) of the barrel rotor. 4. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que le premier moteur est constitué par un vérin hydraulique à double effet (16) et un système à cames et galets (142-142', 144-144') transformant le mouvement rectiligne et alternatif du piston du vérin en un mouvement de rotation pas-à-pas.4. Device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the first motor is constituted by a double-acting hydraulic cylinder (16) and a cam and roller system (142-142 ', 144-144') transforming the rectilinear and reciprocating movement of the cylinder piston in a step-by-step rotation movement. 5. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, 2, 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le premier moteur est accouplé au rotor du barillet par un accouplement (162) qui peut être débrayé manuellement.5. Device according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the first motor is coupled to the barrel rotor by a coupling (162) which can be disengaged manually. 6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième moteur (18) est constitué par un vérin hydraulique à simple effet agissant sur la porte (70), qui est pivotante, par l'intermédiaire d'un poussoir (84) guidé suivant un trajet rectiligne et d'une came (82) rendue solidaire en rotation de la porte, des ressorts de rappel (90) agissant sur ledit poussoir pour le ramener en position rétractée quand ledit vérin n'est pas alimenté.6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the second motor (18) consists of a single-acting hydraulic cylinder acting on the door (70), which is pivotable, by means of '' a pusher (84) guided along a rectilinear path and a cam (82) made integral in rotation with the door, return springs (90) acting on said pusher to return it to the retracted position when said cylinder is not not powered. 7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que deuxième moteur est muni de moyens (82, 92) qui interdisent la rotation de la porte (70) lorsque le poussoir est en position rétractée.7. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the second motor is provided with means (82, 92) which prohibit the rotation of the door (70) when the pusher is in the retracted position. 8. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que ladite came (82) est rendue solidaire de la porte (70) par un accouplement débrayable.8. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that said cam (82) is made integral with the door (70) by a disengageable coupling. 9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le troisième moteur (20) est constitué par un vérin hydraulique à simple effet agissant sur une tige ou un câble (102) lié au verrou du refouloir (12).9. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the third motor (20) is constituted by a single-acting hydraulic cylinder acting on a rod or a cable (102) linked to the lock of the ram (12 ). 10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le piston (100) dudit vérin (20) est tubulaire et traversé par ladite tige ou ledit câble (102) qui est muni d'une butée (104) sur laquelle agit ledit piston lorsque le vérin est alimenté, un organe de manoeuvre actionné manuellement étant relié à cette tige ou à ce câble.10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the piston (100) of said cylinder (20) is tubular and traversed by said rod or said cable (102) which is provided with a stop (104) on which said piston acts when the actuator is supplied, a manually actuated operating member being connected to this rod or to this cable.
EP85400253A 1984-02-17 1985-02-14 Automatic ammunition loading system for a gun Expired EP0153242B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85400253T ATE36064T1 (en) 1984-02-17 1985-02-14 AUTOMATIC LOADER FOR GUN.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8402393 1984-02-17
FR8402393A FR2559889B1 (en) 1984-02-17 1984-02-17 DEVICE FOR AUTOMATIC LOADING OF AMMUNITION INTO A CANON

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EP0153242A1 true EP0153242A1 (en) 1985-08-28
EP0153242B1 EP0153242B1 (en) 1988-07-27

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EP85901015A Pending EP0172210A1 (en) 1984-02-17 1985-02-14 Device for the automatic loading of ammunitions into a gun
EP85400253A Expired EP0153242B1 (en) 1984-02-17 1985-02-14 Automatic ammunition loading system for a gun

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US (1) US4662266A (en)
EP (2) EP0172210A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE36064T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8504998A (en)
DE (1) DE3564029D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2559889B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1985003769A1 (en)

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DE102017107442B4 (en) * 2017-04-06 2021-03-18 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for loading a barrel weapon with ammunition bodies
CN114963861B (en) * 2022-05-17 2024-01-12 上海东湖机械厂 Automatic locking and unlocking device

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US2809561A (en) * 1954-10-29 1957-10-15 James M Edmund Powder case lock for breech mechanism
US3134301A (en) * 1959-12-11 1964-05-26 Even Georges Francois Marie Gun loading apparatus
EP0051119A1 (en) * 1980-08-27 1982-05-12 Fmc Corporation Automatic large caliber ammunition loading system
FR2540236A1 (en) * 1983-01-28 1984-08-03 Fives Cail Babcock MOTORIZED BARREL FOR LOADING AMMUNITION IN A CANON
FR2543285A1 (en) * 1983-03-24 1984-09-28 Fives Cail Babcock Device for placing rounds into the barrel of a gun

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8504998A (en) 1986-01-21
FR2559889B1 (en) 1988-09-23
DE3564029D1 (en) 1988-09-01
US4662266A (en) 1987-05-05
FR2559889A1 (en) 1985-08-23
EP0153242B1 (en) 1988-07-27
EP0172210A1 (en) 1986-02-26
ATE36064T1 (en) 1988-08-15
WO1985003769A1 (en) 1985-08-29

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