EP0151740B1 - Load changer for tapped transformers - Google Patents

Load changer for tapped transformers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0151740B1
EP0151740B1 EP84115085A EP84115085A EP0151740B1 EP 0151740 B1 EP0151740 B1 EP 0151740B1 EP 84115085 A EP84115085 A EP 84115085A EP 84115085 A EP84115085 A EP 84115085A EP 0151740 B1 EP0151740 B1 EP 0151740B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
contacts
switching
slide
guide rails
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP84115085A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0151740A2 (en
EP0151740A3 (en
Inventor
Werner Widmann
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Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
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Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
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Priority to AT84115085T priority Critical patent/ATE52357T1/en
Publication of EP0151740A2 publication Critical patent/EP0151740A2/en
Publication of EP0151740A3 publication Critical patent/EP0151740A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0151740B1 publication Critical patent/EP0151740B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0016—Contact arrangements for tap changers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to load selectors for step transformers for switching from one tap to the next with fixed step contacts arranged on a circle, connected to the taps, and with switching contacts of three current branches on a common contact carrier, which are simultaneously pivotable on the circle and represented by rollers.
  • the respective outer switch contacts are in series with a contact resistance. This results in the so-called "flag switching", which is particularly favorable with regard to the switching power that is controlled at the individual contacts.
  • the operating current of the transformer flows from a fixed contact via the main switch contact located in the middle, while the two outer switch contacts represent resistance contacts and are de-energized in the rest position of the load selector.
  • at least one of the movable switch contacts must be in contact with a fixed contact in each intermediate position during the adjustment process. This means that in an intermediate position one resistance contact must run onto the current-carrying fixed contact earlier than the main switching contact runs from this fixed contact.
  • the second resistance contact must already touch the following fixed contact before the current-carrying resistance contact of the previously carrying fixed contact has expired.
  • the width of the fixed contacts must be greater than half the distance from contact rollers that represent resistance contacts, and the distance of these contact rollers must be greater than the distance between two adjacent, fixed contacts.
  • a disadvantage of the first-mentioned contact arrangement is the relatively bulky structure, which additionally complicates use when very high operating voltages occur.
  • the contact arrangement with contact rollers mounted on angle levers is unsatisfactory in that it requires different cam tracks for controlling the individual contacts assigned to the same contact carrier. This results in a relatively large manufacturing effort, which is further increased by the need to take into account the possible manufacturing tolerances that occur.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a contact arrangement for load selectors which has a compact structure and enables a largely smooth-surface design for the contact carrier and the fixed contacts and at the same time allows greater manufacturing tolerances.
  • the contact carrier has guide rails aligned radially in the circle of the stepped contacts for at least two contact carriages, in that a first contact carriage carries a main switching contact and another contact carriage carries two resistance contacts flanking the main switching contact in the pivoting direction on both sides, that operationally occurring, opposing movements of the contact carriage on the guide rails are limited by stops on the contact carriage itself in both directions, so that when the stops abut each other, the spring contacts assigned to the switching contacts load the current-carrying switching contact, and that the guide rails and the contact carriage mutually interlocking leaders.
  • the contact slide carrying the main switching contact is arranged between two guide rails and that a box-like contact slide comprising this arrangement serves as a common carrier for the two resistance contacts.
  • pins protruding transversely to the swivel direction and to the direction of the spring forces from the contact slide carrying the main switch contact engage in elongated holes in the box-like contact slide and, together with the ends of the elongated holes, represent the stops for limiting the slide movements in the radial direction.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the invention consist in the fact that each of the contact slits is constantly radially outwards by spring force is pressed that an end stop for the box-like contact carriage is provided on at least one guide rail, which secures this contact carriage during assembly before sliding off the guide rails.
  • contact carriages are supported among one another and on the guide rails via roller bearings.
  • the features according to the invention enable a very advantageous, simple structure for a load selector because, in the rest position and in the first part of the switching process, the main switching contact and the switching carriage assigned to it are supported on the fixed contact and because as long as neither of the two resistance contact rollers touches one of the fixed contacts, the switching slide of the resistance contacts is supported radially on the switching slide of the main switching contacts. However, as soon as the contact roller of the main switching contact has run from the fixed contact, the switching slide of the main switching contact is supported radially on the switching slide of the resistance contacts, so that both switching slides are then supported radially via the resistance contact roller just touching a fixed contact.
  • Fixed step contacts 1 are arranged in a circle in a manner not shown, known, wherein they are carried by insulating rods or an insulating cylinder forming a cylindrical cage.
  • the fixed step contacts 1 are galvanically connected to taps of a fine step winding.
  • a main switch contact is located on each of the step contacts 1, which in turn is galvanically connected to a load line.
  • the main switch contact 3 is formed by a roller rotatably mounted on an axis 10 and, together with a contact slide 13 between guide rails 6, can be displaced in the radial direction until the roller contacts the step contact 1 by means of a spring 14.
  • the guide rails 6 are parts of a frame 11, which in turn is supported by an insulating tube 2 mounted centrally to the cage. The insulating tube 2 is rotated in a manner not shown via a step-by-step manual transmission.
  • the frame 11 with the guide rails 6 and the contact slide 13 are surrounded by a box-shaped contact slide 9.
  • the contact slide 9 carries on it axles 10 the main switch contact 3 flanking resistance contacts 4 and 5 in the direction of the switching movement.
  • the resistance contacts 4 and 5 are also designed as rollers.
  • Each of the resistance contacts 4 and 5 usually forms a series connection with a series resistor, which in turn is parallel to the main switching contact 3, so that it leads the load current between one or briefly two step contacts 1 and the load line, not shown, in certain switching positions.
  • the box-like contact slide 9 is pushed by compression springs 12 in the direction of the fixed step contacts 1. To limit this movement, pins 16 protruding transversely to the switching direction from the contact slide 13, which engage in elongated holes 15 in the contact slide 9. As a result, in the rest position shown in FIG. 2, the switching slide 9 is supported radially and the contact force exerted by the compression spring 14 on the main switching contact 3 is increased by adding the forces generated by the compression springs 12.
  • end stops 17 are provided at the end of at least one of the guide rails, which the radial Limit displacement of the contact carriage 9 and thereby also indirectly hold the contact carriage 13 via the pins 16 projecting into the elongated holes 15.
  • the placement and lifting of the contact rollers can be controlled so that the contact roller of the main switching contact 3 always lifts and touches on the outer edges of the fixed step contact 1, while the rollers of the resistance contact 4 and 5 each about Lift off or put on halfway between the outer edge and the center of the fixed contacts.
  • the erosion caused by the arc on the surface of the fixed contacts can be distributed over a larger total area of this surface than if, for example, all three contact rollers each run up and down on the outer edges of the fixed contacts.

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  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Protection Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Regulation Of General Use Transformers (AREA)

Abstract

1. Selector switch for tapped transformers for switching over from one tapping to the next, having fixed contacts (1) arranged on a circle and connected to the tappings, and having switching contacts (3, 4, 5) for three branch circuits on a common contact carrier, which switching contacts can be rotated at the same time on the circle and are represented by rollers, whereby : all the switching contacts (3, 4, 5) carry in their resting position the potential in each case of the same step contact (1), when the contact carrier is rotated, the switching contacts (3, 4, 5) loaded with spring force (12, 14) are moved, with regard to the contact carrier, essentially only in the radial direction, and the movements of the switching contacts (3, 4, 5) with regard to the contact carrier are controlled by the fixed step contacts (1) representing at the same time cams, characterised in that : the contact carrier has guide rails (6) aligned radially to the circle of the step contacts (1), for at least two contact slides (9, 13), a first contact slide (13) carries a main switching contact (3), and another contact slide (9) carries two resistance contacts (4, 5) flanking on both sides the main switching contact (3) in the direction of rotation, movements, occurring in operation, of the contact slides (9, 13) in opposite directions on the guide rails (6) are limited in both directions by limit stops (15, 16) on the contacts slides (15, 16) themselves, so that, when the limit stops (9, 13) lie next to each other, in each case all the spring forces (12, 14) assigned to the switching contacts (3, 4, 5) load the one switching contact (3, 4, 5) which is just carrying current, and the guide rails (6) and the contact slides (9, 13) engage with one another, guiding each other.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Lastwähler fur Stufentransformatoren zum Umschalten von einer Anzapfung zur nächsten mit auf einem Kreis angeordneten, mit den Anzapfungen verbundenen, festen Stufenkontakten und mit auf dem Kreis gleichzeitig verschwenkbaren, von Rollen dargestellten Schaltkontakten dreier Stromzweige auf einem gemeinsamen Kontaktträger.The invention relates to load selectors for step transformers for switching from one tap to the next with fixed step contacts arranged on a circle, connected to the taps, and with switching contacts of three current branches on a common contact carrier, which are simultaneously pivotable on the circle and represented by rollers.

Für derartige Lastwähler ist es durch die europäische Patentanmeldung 0 029 467 von der ausgehend der Oberbegriff des vorliegenden Anspruchs 1 gebildet ist, bekannt, daß alle Schaltkontakte in ihrer Ruhestellung jeweils das Potential desselben Stufenkontaktes führen, daß beim Verschwenken des Kontaktträgers der mittlere Schaltkontakt in einer Führungsschienengegenüber dem Kontaktträger im wesentlichen nur in radialer Richtung bewegt ist und daß beim Verschwenken des Kontaktträgers die beiden äußeren Schaltkontakte auf an dem Kontaktträger gelagerten Hebeln gegenüber dem Kontaktträger verschwenkt werden, wobei die Bewegungen der Schaltkontakte gegenüber dem Kontaktträger von den gleichzeitig Nocken darstellenden festen Stufenkontakten gesteuert sind.For such load selectors, it is known from European patent application 0 029 467, from which the preamble of the present claim 1 is based, that all switch contacts in their rest position each have the potential of the same step contact, that when the contact carrier is pivoted, the middle switch contact in a guide rail opposite the contact carrier is moved essentially only in the radial direction and that when the contact carrier is pivoted, the two outer switching contacts are pivoted relative to the contact carrier on levers mounted on the contact carrier, the movements of the switching contacts relative to the contact carrier being controlled by the fixed step contacts which simultaneously represent cams.

Durch die DE-PS 29 14 928 ist für Lastwähler auch schon eine Anordnung bekannt, bei der die ebenfalls von Rollen dargestellten, beweglichen Kontakt im Knickpunkt von winkelförmigen Hebeln gelagert sind. Auch bei dieser Anordnung dienen die Festkontakte als Nockenbahn zur Steuerung des Bewegung der Kontaktrollen quer zu ihrer Schaltbewegung. Jeder der die Kontaktrollen tragenden winkelförmigen Hebel ist mit dem Ende eines Schenkels auf dem verschwenkbaren Kontaktträger gelagert und trägt an dem jeweils anderen Schenkel eine Schraubenfeder zur Erzeugung der erforderlichen Kontaktkraft zwischen den Kontaktrollen und den jeweils von diesen bestrichenen Festkontakten.From DE-PS 29 14 928 an arrangement is already known for load selectors, in which the movable contact, also represented by rollers, are mounted at the break point of angular levers. In this arrangement too, the fixed contacts serve as a cam track for controlling the movement of the contact rollers transversely to their switching movement. Each of the angled levers carrying the contact rollers is mounted with the end of one leg on the pivotable contact carrier and carries a coil spring on the other leg in order to generate the required contact force between the contact rollers and the fixed contacts respectively brushed by them.

Üblicherweise liegen bei Lastwählern die jeweils äußeren Schaltkontakte mit je einem überschaltwiderstand in Reihe. Dadurch ergibt sich die sogenannte "Fahnenschaltung", die hinsichtlich der an den Einzelkontakten jeweils beherrschten Schaltleistung besonders günstig ist. In der Ruhestellung der bekannten Lastwähler fließt der Betriebsstrom des Transformators von einem festehenden Kontakt über den in der Mitte liegenden Hauptschaltkontakt, während die beiden äußeren Schaltkontakte Widerstandskontakte darstellen und in der Ruhestellung des Lastwählers stromlos sind. Zur Gewährleistung einer unterbrechungsfreien Umschaltung muß während des Verstellvorganges in jeder Zwischenstellung mindestens einer der beweglichen Schaltkontakte an einem feststehenden Kontakt anliegen. Das heißt, es muß in einer Zwischenstellung jeweils ein Widerstandskontakt früher auf den bis dahin stromführenden festen Kontakt auflaufen, als der Hauptschaltkontakt von diesem festen Kontakt abläuft. Entsprechend muß vor dem Ablauf des stromführenden Widerstandskontaktes von dem bis dahin stromführenden festen Kontakt der zweite Widerstandskontakt bereits den folgenden festen Kontakt berühren.Normally, in load selectors, the respective outer switch contacts are in series with a contact resistance. This results in the so-called "flag switching", which is particularly favorable with regard to the switching power that is controlled at the individual contacts. In the rest position of the known load selector, the operating current of the transformer flows from a fixed contact via the main switch contact located in the middle, while the two outer switch contacts represent resistance contacts and are de-energized in the rest position of the load selector. To ensure an uninterrupted switchover, at least one of the movable switch contacts must be in contact with a fixed contact in each intermediate position during the adjustment process. This means that in an intermediate position one resistance contact must run onto the current-carrying fixed contact earlier than the main switching contact runs from this fixed contact. Correspondingly, the second resistance contact must already touch the following fixed contact before the current-carrying resistance contact of the previously carrying fixed contact has expired.

Um diese Bedingungen zu erfüllen, muß hierbei die Breite der festen Kontakte größer als der halbe Abstand von Widerstandskontakte darstellenden Kontaktrollen sein und muß der Abstand dieser Kontaktrollen größer als der Abstand zweier benachbarter, fester Kontakte sein.In order to meet these conditions, the width of the fixed contacts must be greater than half the distance from contact rollers that represent resistance contacts, and the distance of these contact rollers must be greater than the distance between two adjacent, fixed contacts.

Nachteilig ist bei der erstegenannten Kontaktanordnung der verhältnismäßig sperrige Aufbau, der einen Einsatz beim Auftreten von sehr hohen Betriebsspannungen zusätzlich erschwert. Die Kontaktanordnung mit auf Winkelhebeln gelagerten Kontaktrollen ist insofern unbefriedigend, als sie unterschiedliche Nockenbahnen zur Steuerung der einzelnen, demselben Kontaktträger zugeordneten Kontakte erfordert. Hieraus folgt ein verhältnismäßig großer Fertigungsaufwand, der durch den Zwang zur Berücksichtigung der auftretenden möglichen Fertigungstoleranzen noch vergrößert wird.A disadvantage of the first-mentioned contact arrangement is the relatively bulky structure, which additionally complicates use when very high operating voltages occur. The contact arrangement with contact rollers mounted on angle levers is unsatisfactory in that it requires different cam tracks for controlling the individual contacts assigned to the same contact carrier. This results in a relatively large manufacturing effort, which is further increased by the need to take into account the possible manufacturing tolerances that occur.

Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, für Lastwähler eine Kontaktanordnung zu schaffen, die kompakt aufgebaut und eine nach außen weitgehend glattflächige Baufweise für den Kontaktträger und die festen Kontakte ermöglicht und gleichzeitig auch größere Fertigungstoleranzen zu läßt.The invention is based on the object of creating a contact arrangement for load selectors which has a compact structure and enables a largely smooth-surface design for the contact carrier and the fixed contacts and at the same time allows greater manufacturing tolerances.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß für einen Lastwähler der eingangs beschriebenen Art dadurch gelöst, daß der Kontaktträger radial im Kreis der Stufenkontakte ausgerichtete Führungsschienen für mindestens zwei Kontaktschlitten aufweist, daß ein erster Kontaktschlitten einen Hauptschaltkontakt und ein anderer Kontaktschlitten zwei den Hauptschaltkontakt in Schwenkrichtung beidseitig flankierende Widerstandskontakte trägt, daß betriebsmäßig auftretende, gegenläufige Bewegungen der Kontaktschlitten auf den Führungsschienen durch Anschläge an den Kontaktschlitten selbst in beiden Richtungen begrenzt sind, so daß beim Aneinanderliegen der Anschläge jeweils alle den Schaltkontakten zugeordneten Federkräfte den gerade stromführenden Schaltkontakt belasten, und daß die Führungsschienen und die Kontaktschlitten sich gegenseitig führend ineinandergreifen.This object is achieved according to the invention for a load selector of the type described in the introduction in that the contact carrier has guide rails aligned radially in the circle of the stepped contacts for at least two contact carriages, in that a first contact carriage carries a main switching contact and another contact carriage carries two resistance contacts flanking the main switching contact in the pivoting direction on both sides, that operationally occurring, opposing movements of the contact carriage on the guide rails are limited by stops on the contact carriage itself in both directions, so that when the stops abut each other, the spring contacts assigned to the switching contacts load the current-carrying switching contact, and that the guide rails and the contact carriage mutually interlocking leaders.

Bei zweckmäßigen Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, daß der den Hauptschaltkontakt tragende Kontaktschlitten zwischen zwei Führungsschienen angeordnet ist und daß ein diese Anordnung umfassender kastenartiger Kontaktschlitten für die zwei Widerstandskontakte als gemeinsamer Träger dient. Dabei greifen jeweils quer zur Schwenkrichtung und zur Richtung der Federkräfte von dem den Hauptschaltkontakt tragenden Kontaktschlitten vorstehende Zapfen in Langlöcher in dem kastenartigen Kontaktschlitten ein und stellen zusammen mit den Enden der Langlöcher die Anschläge zur Begrenzung der Schlittenbewegungen in radialer Richtung dar.In expedient developments of the invention it is provided that the contact slide carrying the main switching contact is arranged between two guide rails and that a box-like contact slide comprising this arrangement serves as a common carrier for the two resistance contacts. In this case, pins protruding transversely to the swivel direction and to the direction of the spring forces from the contact slide carrying the main switch contact engage in elongated holes in the box-like contact slide and, together with the ends of the elongated holes, represent the stops for limiting the slide movements in the radial direction.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung bestehen darin, daß jeder der Kontaktsclitten durch Federkraft ständig radial nach außen gedrückt wird, daß an mindestens einer Führungsschiene ein Endanschlag für den kastenartigen Kontaktschlitten vorgesehen ist, der diesen Kontaktschlitten während der Montage vor dem Abgleiten von den Führungsschienen sichert.Advantageous embodiments of the invention consist in the fact that each of the contact slits is constantly radially outwards by spring force is pressed that an end stop for the box-like contact carriage is provided on at least one guide rail, which secures this contact carriage during assembly before sliding off the guide rails.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besteht darin, daß die Kontaktschlitten sich untereinander und an den Führungsschienen über Wälzlager abstützen.Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the contact carriages are supported among one another and on the guide rails via roller bearings.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Merkmale ermöglichen einen sehr vorteilhaften, einfachen Aufbau für einen Lastwählter, weil sich in Ruhestellung und im ersten Teil des Umschaltvorganges, der Hauptschaltkontakt und der diesem zugeordnete Schaltschlitten am festen Kontakt abstützen und weil, solange keine der beiden Widerstandskontaktrollen einen der festen Kontakte berührt, sich der Schaltschlitten der Widerstandskontakte am Schaltschlitten der Hauptschaltkontakte radial abstützt. Sobald jedoch die Kontaktrolle des Hauptschaltkontaktes vom festen Kontakt abgelaufen ist, stützt sich der Schaltschlitten des Hauptschaltkontaktes am Schaltschlitten der Widerstandskontakte radial ab, so daß beide Schaltschlitten dann sich radial über die gerade einen festen Kontakt berührende Widerstandskontaktrolle abstützen. Während des gesamten Umschaltvorganges werden also die beiden Schaltschlitten, jeweils durch die im jeweiligen Augenblick auf festen Kontakten aufliegenden Kontaktrollen, in ihrer radialen Lage abgestützt. Hierdurch ergeben sich zwei wesentliche Vorteile dieses Systems, indem sowohl Fertigungstoleranzen als auch durch die Lichtbögen beim Schalten entstehenden Kontaktabbrand durch das sich jeweils selbst radial nachjustierende System ausgeglichen werden.The features according to the invention enable a very advantageous, simple structure for a load selector because, in the rest position and in the first part of the switching process, the main switching contact and the switching carriage assigned to it are supported on the fixed contact and because as long as neither of the two resistance contact rollers touches one of the fixed contacts, the switching slide of the resistance contacts is supported radially on the switching slide of the main switching contacts. However, as soon as the contact roller of the main switching contact has run from the fixed contact, the switching slide of the main switching contact is supported radially on the switching slide of the resistance contacts, so that both switching slides are then supported radially via the resistance contact roller just touching a fixed contact. During the entire switching process, the two switching carriages are supported in their radial position, in each case by the contact rollers resting on fixed contacts at the respective moment. This results in two major advantages of this system in that both manufacturing tolerances and contact burn-up caused by the arcs during switching are compensated for by the radially self-adjusting system.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 ist ein Längsschnitt durch den Kontaktträger eines erfindungsgemäßen Lastwählers.
  • Fig. 2 bis 4 sind Seitenansichten des Kontaktträgers in aufeinanderfolgenden Schaltstellungen.
An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to a drawing.
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through the contact carrier of a load selector according to the invention.
  • 2 to 4 are side views of the contact carrier in successive switching positions.

Einander entsprechende Teile sind in allen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures.

Feste Stufenkontakte 1 sind in nicht näher dargestellter, bekannter Art und weise auf einem Kreis angeordnet, wobei sie von einen zylindrischen Käfig bildenden Isolierstäben oder einem Isolierzylinder getragen sind. Die festen Stufenkontakte 1 sind galvanisch mit Anzapfungen einer Feinstufenwicklung verbunden.Fixed step contacts 1 are arranged in a circle in a manner not shown, known, wherein they are carried by insulating rods or an insulating cylinder forming a cylindrical cage. The fixed step contacts 1 are galvanically connected to taps of a fine step winding.

An jeweils einem der Stufenkontakte 1 liegt im Ruhezustand ein Hauptschaltkontakt, der seinerseits wiederum mit einer Lastleitung galvanisch verbunden ist. Der Hauptschaltkontakt 3 ist von einer auf einer Achse 10 drehbar gelagerten Rolle gebildet und zusammen mit einem Kontaktschlitten 13 zwischen Führungsschienen 6 in radialer Richtung bis zur Berührung der Rolle mit dem Stufenkontakt 1 mittels einer Feder 14 verschiebbar. Die Führungsschienen 6 sind Teile eines Gestells 11, das wiederum von einem zentrisch zu dem Käfig angebrachten Isolierrohr 2 getragen ist. Das Isolierrohr 2 wird in nicht dargestellter Art und Weise über ein schrittweise arbeitendes Schaltgetriebe gedreht.In the idle state, a main switch contact is located on each of the step contacts 1, which in turn is galvanically connected to a load line. The main switch contact 3 is formed by a roller rotatably mounted on an axis 10 and, together with a contact slide 13 between guide rails 6, can be displaced in the radial direction until the roller contacts the step contact 1 by means of a spring 14. The guide rails 6 are parts of a frame 11, which in turn is supported by an insulating tube 2 mounted centrally to the cage. The insulating tube 2 is rotated in a manner not shown via a step-by-step manual transmission.

Das Gestell 11 mit den Führungsschienen 6 sowie der Kontaktschlitten 13 sind von einem kastenartig ausgebildeten Kontaktschlitten 9 umfaßt. Der Kontaktschlitten 9 trägt auf in ihm befestigten Achsen 10 den Hauptschaltkontakt 3 in Richtung der Schaltbewegung flankierende Widerstandskontakte 4 und 5. Auch die Widerstandskontakte 4 und 5 als Rollen ausgebildet. Jeder der Widerstandskontakte 4 und 5 bildet üblicherweise mit je einem Überschaltwiderstand eine Reihenschaltung, die ihrerseits jeweils parallel zum Hauptschaltkontakt 3 liegt, so daß sie bei bestimmten Schaltstellungen den Laststrom zwischen einem bzw. kurzzeitig zwei Stufenkontakten 1 und der nicht dargestellten Lastleitung führt.The frame 11 with the guide rails 6 and the contact slide 13 are surrounded by a box-shaped contact slide 9. The contact slide 9 carries on it axles 10 the main switch contact 3 flanking resistance contacts 4 and 5 in the direction of the switching movement. The resistance contacts 4 and 5 are also designed as rollers. Each of the resistance contacts 4 and 5 usually forms a series connection with a series resistor, which in turn is parallel to the main switching contact 3, so that it leads the load current between one or briefly two step contacts 1 and the load line, not shown, in certain switching positions.

Der kastenartig ausgebildete Kontaktschlitten 9 wird durch Druckfedern 12 in Richtung auf die festen Stufenkontakte 1 geschoben. Zur Begrenzung dieser Bewegung dienen quer zur Schaltrichtung von dem Kontaktschlitten 13 vorstehende Zapfen 16, die in Langlöcher 15 in dem Kontaktschlitten 9 eingreifen. Dadurch wird in der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Ruhestellung der Schaltschlitten 9 radial abgestützt und die von der Druckfeder 14 auf den Hauptschaltkontakt 3 ausgeübte Kontaktkraft durch Addition der von den Druckfedern 12 erzeugten Kräfte vergrößert.The box-like contact slide 9 is pushed by compression springs 12 in the direction of the fixed step contacts 1. To limit this movement, pins 16 protruding transversely to the switching direction from the contact slide 13, which engage in elongated holes 15 in the contact slide 9. As a result, in the rest position shown in FIG. 2, the switching slide 9 is supported radially and the contact force exerted by the compression spring 14 on the main switching contact 3 is increased by adding the forces generated by the compression springs 12.

Zur Verhinderung des Abgleitens der Kontaktschlitten 9 und 13 von den Führungsschienen 6 des Gestells 11 vor dem Einbau der Kontaktanordnung in den von den Isolierstäben gebildeten, die festen Stufenkontakte 1 tragenden Käfig sind an dem Ende wenigstens einer der Führungsschienen 6 Endanschläge 17 vorgesehen, die die radiale Verschiebung des Kontaktschlittens 9 begrenzen und dadurch indirekt über die in die Langlöcher 15 ragenden Zapfen 16 auch den Kontaktschlitten 13 halten.To prevent the sliding of the contact carriages 9 and 13 from the guide rails 6 of the frame 11 before the installation of the contact arrangement in the cage formed by the insulating rods, which carries the fixed step contacts 1, 6 end stops 17 are provided at the end of at least one of the guide rails, which the radial Limit displacement of the contact carriage 9 and thereby also indirectly hold the contact carriage 13 via the pins 16 projecting into the elongated holes 15.

Bei einer Umschaltung, z.B. durch Schwenken des Isolierrohrs 2, rollt zunächst lediglich der Hauptschaltkontakt 3 auf der üblicherweise ballig gestalteten Kontaktfläche des festen Stufenkontakts 1 zur Seite. Bevor jedoch der Hauptschaltkontakt 3 von dem gerade stromführenden festen Stufenkontakt 1 abläuft, wird dieser z.B. von dem Widerstandskontakt 4 erreicht, der auf den festen Stufenkontakt 1 aufläuft und dabei den Kontaktschlitten 9 gegen die Kraft der Druckfedern 12 in Richtung auf die Drehachse des Isolierrohrs 2 verschiebt und gleichzeitig den Anschlag zwischen den Zapfen 16 und Langlöchern 15 aufhebt. Bei dieser in Fig. 3 dargestellten Schaltstellung fließt der Lastrom noch immer über den Hauptschaltkontakt 3, weil dieser die Reihenschaltung aus dem Widerstandskontakt 4 mit einem Überschaltwiderstand noch kurzschließt.When switching, e.g. by pivoting the insulating tube 2, initially only the main switching contact 3 rolls to the side on the usually spherically shaped contact surface of the fixed step contact 1. However, before the main switch contact 3 runs from the current-carrying fixed step contact 1, this is e.g. reached by the resistance contact 4, which runs onto the fixed step contact 1 and thereby displaces the contact carriage 9 against the force of the compression springs 12 in the direction of the axis of rotation of the insulating tube 2 and at the same time cancels the stop between the pins 16 and elongated holes 15. In this switching position shown in Fig. 3, the load current still flows through the main switch contact 3, because this still short-circuits the series connection from the resistance contact 4 with a transition resistor.

Erst nach dem vollständigen Abrollen des Hauptschaltkontakts 3 von dem stromführenden festen Stufenkontakt 1 wird der Laststrom von dem Widerstandskontakt 4 übernommen. Bei dieser Schaltstellung stützt sich der Kontaktschlitten 13 mit seinen Zapfen 16 am äußeren Ende der Langlöcher 15 ab, so daß die Kraft der Druckfeder 14 nunmehr zur Erhöhung der Kontaktskraft für den Widerstandskontakt 4 beiträgt. Bevor der den Laststrom führende Widerstandskontakt 4 von dem festen Stufenkontakt 1 abrollt, trifft der Widerstandskontakt 5 auf den nächsten festen Stufenkontakt 1, der nach Abschluß der Stufenschaltung den Laststrom zu übernehmen hat. Dabei fließt für die sehr kurze Zeite, in der beide Widerstandskontakte 4 und 5 an festen Stufenkontakten 1 gleichzeitig anliegen, zwischen den Widerstandskontakten 4 und 5 ein durch die Überschaltwiderstände begrenzter Ausgleichsstrom.Only after the main switching contact 3 has completely rolled off from the current-carrying fixed step contact 1 is the load current taken over by the resistance contact 4. The contact slide is supported in this switch position 13 with its pin 16 at the outer end of the elongated holes 15, so that the force of the compression spring 14 now contributes to increasing the contact force for the resistance contact 4. Before the resistance contact 4 carrying the load current rolls off the fixed step contact 1, the resistance contact 5 meets the next fixed step contact 1, which has to take over the load current after the step switching has been completed. For the very short time in which both resistance contacts 4 and 5 are present at fixed step contacts 1 at the same time, an equalizing current limited by the switching resistors flows between the resistance contacts 4 and 5.

Im weiteren Verlauf der Umschaltung, während der der Widerstandskontakt 5 auf den neu angewählten festen Stufenkontakt 1 aufläuft, wird die Verbindung zwischen dem Widerstandskontakt 4 und dem bis dahin stromführenden festen Stufenkontakt 1 aufgehoben. Erst nachdem diese Unterbrechung erfolgt ist, erreicht der Hauptschaltkontakt 3 den festen Stufenkontakt 1, auf dem der Widerstandskontakt 5 liegt. Dadurch wird die Reihenschaltung auf dem Widerstandskontakt 5 und dem zugehörigen nicht dargestellten Überschaltwiderstand kurzgeschlossen und der Lasstrom kommutiert wieder auf den Hauptschaltkontakt 3.In the further course of the switchover, during which the resistance contact 5 runs onto the newly selected fixed step contact 1, the connection between the resistance contact 4 and the fixed step contact 1 which has been conducting until then is broken. Only after this interruption has occurred, the main switch contact 3 reaches the fixed step contact 1, on which the resistance contact 5 is located. As a result, the series connection on the resistance contact 5 and the associated transition resistor, not shown, is short-circuited and the laser current commutates again to the main switching contact 3.

Nach Abschluß der Stufenschlatung befinden sich wieder beide Widerstandskontakte 4 und 5 neben dem dann den Strom führenden festen Stufenkontakt 1, so daß sie wiederum zusammen mit dem Kontaktschlitten 9 durch die Druckfedern 12 radial soweit nach außen geschoben sind, daß die Zapfen 16 an den inneren Enden der Langlöcher 15 anliegen und die Federkräfte der Druckfedern 12 zur Erhöhung der Kontaktkraft für den Hauptschaltkontakt 3 beitragen.After completion of the step reclamation there are again both resistance contacts 4 and 5 next to the fixed step contact 1, which then carries the current, so that they, together with the contact slide 9, are pushed radially outwards by the compression springs 12 to such an extent that the pins 16 at the inner ends of the elongated holes 15 and the spring forces of the compression springs 12 contribute to increasing the contact force for the main switching contact 3.

Bei sehr großen Lastströmen oder bei sehr breiten, festen Stufenkontakten 1 könnte es zweckmäßig sein, den Kontaktschlitten 13 zu teilen und zwei Hauptschaltkontakte 3 in Umfangsrichtung hintereinander anzuordnen. Eine weitere zwangsweise Aufteilung des Laststroms auf mehrere parallel wirkende Kontaktschlitten ließe sich durch eine Unterteilung der Kontaktschlitten 13 parallel zur Schwenkebene erreichen.With very large load currents or with very wide, fixed step contacts 1, it could be expedient to divide the contact slide 13 and to arrange two main switching contacts 3 one behind the other in the circumferential direction. A further forced distribution of the load current over a plurality of contact slides acting in parallel could be achieved by subdividing the contact slides 13 parallel to the swivel plane.

Zur Erleichterung der Relativbewegungen zwischen den Kontaktschlitten 9 und 13 sowie den Führungsschienen 6 ist es, unabhängig von der Zahl der Kontaktschlitten, vorteilhaft, an einigen oder allen Gleitbahnen Wälzlager vorzusehen. Dadurch wird einerseits der mechanische Verschließ verringert und andererseits ein Anwachsen der Lebensdauer und der Betriebssicherheit erzwungen.To facilitate the relative movements between the contact carriages 9 and 13 and the guide rails 6, regardless of the number of contact carriages, it is advantageous to provide rolling bearings on some or all of the slideways. On the one hand, this reduces the mechanical closure and, on the other hand, increases the lifespan and operational reliability.

Durch geeignete Anordnung der Langlöcher 15 und der Zapfen 16 läßt sich das Aufsetzen und Abheben der Kontaktrollen so steuern, daß die Kontaktrolle des Hauptschaltkontaktes 3 stets an den Außenkanten des festen Stufenkontaktes 1 abhebt und aufsetzt, während die Rollen der Widerstandskontakt 4 und 5 jeweils etwa auf halbem Weg zwischen Außenkante und Mitte der festen Kontakte abheben oder aufsetzen. Hierdurch läßt sich der vom Lichtbogen verursachte Abbrand an der Oberfläche der festen Kontakte auf eine größere Gesamtfläche dieser Oberfläche verteilen, als wenn etwa alle drei Kontaktrollen jeweils an den Außenkanten der festen Kontakte auf- und ablaufen.By suitable arrangement of the elongated holes 15 and the pin 16, the placement and lifting of the contact rollers can be controlled so that the contact roller of the main switching contact 3 always lifts and touches on the outer edges of the fixed step contact 1, while the rollers of the resistance contact 4 and 5 each about Lift off or put on halfway between the outer edge and the center of the fixed contacts. As a result, the erosion caused by the arc on the surface of the fixed contacts can be distributed over a larger total area of this surface than if, for example, all three contact rollers each run up and down on the outer edges of the fixed contacts.

Claims (7)

1. Selector switch for tapped transformers for switching over from one tapping to the next, having fixed contacts (1) arranged on a circle and connected to the tappings, and having switching contacts (3, 4, 5) for three branch circuits on a common contact carrier, which switching contacts can be rotated at the same time on the circle and are represented by rollers, whereby:
all the switching contacts (3, 4, 5) carry in their resting position the potential in each case of the same step contact (1),
when the contact carrier is rotated, the switching contacts (3, 4, 5) loaded with spring force (12, 14) are moved, with regard to the contact carrier, essentially only in the radial direction, and
the movements of the switching contacts (3, 4, 5) with regard to the contact carrier are controlled by the fixed step contacts (1) representing at the same time cams, characterised in that:
the contact carrier has guide rails (6) aligned radially to the circle of the step contacts (1), for at least two contact slides (9, 13),
a first contact slide (13) carries a main switching contact (3), and another contact slide (9) carries two resistance contacts (4, 5) flanking on both sides the main switching contact (3) in the direction of rotation,
movements, occurring in operation, of the contact slides (9, 13) in opposite directions on the guide rails (6) are limited in both directions by limit stops (15, 16) on the contacts slides (15, 16) themselves, so that, when the limit stops (9, 13) lie next to each other, in each case all the spring forces (12, 14) assigned to the switching contacts (3, 4, 5) load the one switching contact (3, 4, 5) which is just carrying current, and the guide rails (6) and the contact slides (9, 13) engage with one another, guiding each other.
2. Selector switch according to claim 1, characterised in that the contact slide (13) carrying the main switching contact (3) is arranged between two guide rails (6), and that a box-like contact slide (9) embracing this arrangement serves as a common carrierforthetwo resistance contacts (4, 5).
3. Selector switch according to claim 2, characterised in that pegs (16) projecting, in each case crosswise to the direction of rotation and to the direction of spring forces, from the contact slide (13) carrying the main switching contact (3), engage in elongated holes (15) in the box-like contact slide (9), the said pegs (16) and the ends of the elongated holes (15) representing the limit stops for limiting the movements in both directions of the slide on the guide rails (6).
4. Selector switch according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that each of the contact slides (9, 13) is constantly pressed radially outwards by spring force (12, 14).
5. Selector switch according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that, on at least one guide rail (6) of a mounting (11), an end limit stop (17) is provided for the box-like contact slide (9) which safeguards this contact slide (9) from sliding off the guide rails (6) during assembly.
6. Selector switch according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the contact slides (9, 13) are supported by each other and on the guide rails (6) by way of rolling bearings.
7. Selector switch according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that, because of the arrangement of the elongated holes (15) and the pegs (16), the setting down and lifting off of the rollers of the switching contacts (3, 4, 5) is controlled so that the main switching contact roller comes to rest on the outer edge of the respective step contact (1), rolls along the periphery of the circle on the contact surface of this step contact (1) and lifts off on the other outer edge of the said step contact, and so that the resistance contact rollers lift off and set down in the respective region of the contact surface between the corresponding outer edge and the centre of the step contact (1).
EP84115085A 1984-01-16 1984-12-10 Load changer for tapped transformers Expired - Lifetime EP0151740B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84115085T ATE52357T1 (en) 1984-01-16 1984-12-10 LOAD SELECTOR FOR TAP TRANSFORMERS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843401297 DE3401297A1 (en) 1984-01-16 1984-01-16 LOAD SELECTOR FOR STAGE TRANSFORMERS
DE3401297 1984-01-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0151740A2 EP0151740A2 (en) 1985-08-21
EP0151740A3 EP0151740A3 (en) 1987-11-19
EP0151740B1 true EP0151740B1 (en) 1990-04-25

Family

ID=6225071

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84115085A Expired - Lifetime EP0151740B1 (en) 1984-01-16 1984-12-10 Load changer for tapped transformers

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0151740B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60161604A (en)
AT (1) ATE52357T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3401297A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3416050A1 (en) * 1984-04-30 1985-10-31 Transformatoren Union Ag, 7000 Stuttgart LOAD SELECTOR FOR STAGE TRANSFORMERS
DE3833126C2 (en) * 1988-09-29 1995-11-30 Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck Load selector for step transformers
DE10312176B3 (en) * 2003-03-19 2004-06-09 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Load switch for stepping switch with 2 fixed main contact pairs for each current phase to be switched and cooperating movable main contact
DE102010020040B4 (en) * 2010-05-11 2016-06-09 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Switching arrangement for a transformer having a contact arrangement with a plurality of contact elements fastened to a switching shaft
WO2012097958A1 (en) * 2011-01-20 2012-07-26 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Tap changer
CN106992066B (en) * 2017-05-08 2018-09-18 国网浙江省电力公司温州供电公司 A kind of active-mode active denoising device

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL155138C (en) * 1950-08-01
DE2914928C2 (en) * 1979-04-12 1983-02-24 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrüder Scheubeck GmbH & Co KG, 8400 Regensburg Contact arrangement for load selectors of step transformers
EP0029467B1 (en) * 1979-11-21 1985-10-30 ATELIERS DE CONSTRUCTIONS ELECTRIQUES DE CHARLEROI (ACEC) Société Anonyme Electrical apparatus comprising a series of voltage taps and mobile selector equipment

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE52357T1 (en) 1990-05-15
JPS60161604A (en) 1985-08-23
DE3482074D1 (en) 1990-05-31
EP0151740A2 (en) 1985-08-21
EP0151740A3 (en) 1987-11-19
DE3401297A1 (en) 1985-07-18

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