EP0150364B1 - X-ray diagnostic installation with an x-ray tube - Google Patents

X-ray diagnostic installation with an x-ray tube Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0150364B1
EP0150364B1 EP84115065A EP84115065A EP0150364B1 EP 0150364 B1 EP0150364 B1 EP 0150364B1 EP 84115065 A EP84115065 A EP 84115065A EP 84115065 A EP84115065 A EP 84115065A EP 0150364 B1 EP0150364 B1 EP 0150364B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electron beam
anode
ray
focus
ray tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84115065A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0150364A3 (en
EP0150364A2 (en
Inventor
Ernst Dr. Ammann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0150364A2 publication Critical patent/EP0150364A2/en
Publication of EP0150364A3 publication Critical patent/EP0150364A3/en
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Publication of EP0150364B1 publication Critical patent/EP0150364B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/24—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof
    • H01J35/30—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof by deflection of the cathode ray
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/045—Electrodes for controlling the current of the cathode ray, e.g. control grids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/14—Arrangements for concentrating, focusing, or directing the cathode ray
    • H01J35/147—Spot size control

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an X-ray diagnostic device according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the requirement is that the X-ray tube current can be changed very quickly.
  • this change results in a relatively long delay time, which is not always acceptable.
  • a rapid change in the x-ray tube current is possible if a control grid is provided between the cathode and the anode of the x-ray tube.
  • the focus must have a predetermined shape and size, on the one hand precluding overloading the anode of the x-ray tube, but on the other hand not exceeding a blurring of the x-ray image given by the focus dimensions. For this purpose, it is known to provide a line focus that is generated on the inclined anode path of the X-ray tube.
  • a method for operating an X-ray tube which has a planar anode, in which the electron beam is deflected on the anode.
  • the anode is designed as a transmission anode. Due to the overall concept, the known X-ray tube is not suitable for use in medical technology.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an X-ray diagnostic device of the type mentioned in such a way that the shape and size of the focus area on the anode can be easily adapted to the respective requirements.
  • a fine electron beam can be generated, the beam current strength of which can be changed quickly with the aid of a control electrode.
  • the electron beam is deflected electronically over a predetermined focus range. In this way it is possible to scan an area which corresponds to the known line focus with the aid of an electron beam. This scanning process accordingly allows the focus size of a line focus to be changed in length and width.
  • the focus size can also be varied in steps or continuously in length and / or width. This means that an optimal focus size with maximum tube utilization can be selected depending on the respective examination method or the object to be examined.
  • a further development of the invention consists in that the intensity of the electron beam during the deflection is adjusted according to a predetermined function.
  • a predetermined function e.g. B. a focus with Gaussian intensity distribution can be realized.
  • the intensity can also be set depending on the object.
  • radiation detectors can be provided which are used to record the actual value of the respective radiation intensity.
  • the cathode 1 shows an X-ray tube, a cathode 1 and an anode 2, which is formed by a rotating anode plate. With the aid of focusing electrodes 3, the cathode 1 emits a filament-shaped electron beam 4 which strikes the focal spot path 5 of the anode 2.
  • the electron beam 4 can be deflected in two mutually perpendicular directions by deflection electrodes 6, 7, which are connected to control voltage generators 8.
  • the cathode 1 is supplied by a heating voltage generator 10.
  • the heating voltage generator 10 and the control voltage generators 8, 9 are connected to a programmer 11 which receives information about the desired focus size and shape at an input 12, about the power per square millimeter on the anode 2 at an input 13 and about the intensity distribution in focus at the input 14 are supplied.
  • An on-off signal is also fed to an input 15.
  • the electron beam 4 is deflected at the start of an on signal at the input 15, corresponding to the signals at the inputs 12 to 14, so that it scans a predetermined focus area.
  • this scanning can take place in a meandering manner in the x and y directions.
  • the sampling frequency for the focus area can be constant or variable. It can be determined depending on the object and / or depending on the selected examination method. This makes it possible to To optimally adapt the shape and size of the focus area to the respective requirements.
  • the intensity distribution in the focus can be fixed, but also variable.
  • FIG. 3 shows the time profile of the voltage Ux at the deflection electrodes 6 for the focus shape according to FIG. 2 and
  • FIG. 4 shows the time profile of the voltage Uy for the focus shape according to FIG. 2 at the deflection electrodes 7.
  • curve a shows the time profile of the voltage at a control grid 16, which determines the intensity of the electron beam 4 in the event that this intensity is constant during the period T, during which an X-ray image is taken.
  • the curve b shows a variable intensity curve, the z. B. can be selected depending on the object and is determined by the signal at input 14.
  • FIG. 1 shows the focus area 17 scanned by the electron beam 4 on the anode 2, which is shown in broken lines in FIG.
  • This focus area can be scanned once during the recording time, as can be seen from FIGS. 2 to 5. Multiple scans are also possible.
  • This facility also allows, for. B. for stereo operation with a single cathode to generate two foci on the anode side.

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to an X-ray diagnostic device according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

In der Praxis wird die Forderung gestellt, daß der Röntgenröhrenstrom sehr schnell geändert werden kann. Prinzipiell ist eine Änderung des Röntgenröhrenstromes über die Heizleistung möglich. Diese Änderung bedingt jedoch eine relativ große Verzögerungszeit, die nicht immer akzeptierbar ist. Eine schnelle Änderung des Röntgenröhrenstromes ist möglich, wenn ein Steuergitter zwischen der Kathode und der Anode der Röntgenröhre vorgesehen wird. Dabei muß der Fokus eine vorbestimmte Form und Größe haben, aufgrund der einerseits eine Überlastung der Anode der Röntgenröhre ausgeschlossen, andererseits aber auch eine durch die Fokusabmessungen gegebene Unschärfe des Röntgenbildes nicht überschritten wird. Hierzu ist es bekannt, einen Strichfokus vorzusehen, der auf der schräggestellen Anodenbahn der Röntgenröhre erzeugt wird.In practice, the requirement is that the X-ray tube current can be changed very quickly. In principle, it is possible to change the X-ray tube current via the heating power. However, this change results in a relatively long delay time, which is not always acceptable. A rapid change in the x-ray tube current is possible if a control grid is provided between the cathode and the anode of the x-ray tube. The focus must have a predetermined shape and size, on the one hand precluding overloading the anode of the x-ray tube, but on the other hand not exceeding a blurring of the x-ray image given by the focus dimensions. For this purpose, it is known to provide a line focus that is generated on the inclined anode path of the X-ray tube.

Durch die GB-A-2 044489 ist es bei einem Computertomographen bereits bekannt, den Elektronenstrahl von der Kathode zur Anode so abzulenken, daß der Auftreffpunkt des Elektronenstrahles auf der Anode eine vorbestimmte Bahn beschreibt. Diese Bahn kann jedoch nicht an die jeweiligen Erfordernisse angepaßt werden.From GB-A-2 044489 it is already known in a computer tomograph to deflect the electron beam from the cathode to the anode in such a way that the point of impact of the electron beam on the anode describes a predetermined path. However, this path cannot be adapted to the respective requirements.

Durch die DE-B-1 177 257 ist ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Röntgenröhre bekannt, die eine flächenhafte Anode aufweist, bei dem der Elektronenstrahl auf der Anode abgelenkt wird. Die Anode ist dabei als Durchstrahlanode ausgebildet. Aufgrund der Gesamtkonzeption eignet sich die bekannte Röntgenröhre nicht zur Anwendung in der medizinischen Technik.From DE-B-1 177 257 a method for operating an X-ray tube is known which has a planar anode, in which the electron beam is deflected on the anode. The anode is designed as a transmission anode. Due to the overall concept, the known X-ray tube is not suitable for use in medical technology.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, daß die Form und Größe des Fokusbereiches auf der Anode in einfacher Weise den jeweiligen Erfordernissen angepaßt werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide an X-ray diagnostic device of the type mentioned in such a way that the shape and size of the focus area on the anode can be easily adapted to the respective requirements.

Diese Aufgabe ist erfindungsgemäß durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 angegebene Ausbildung gelöst. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtung kann ein feiner Elektronenstrahl erzeugt werden, dessen Strahlstromstärke mit Hilfe einer Steuerelektrode schnell verändert werden kann. Zur Verhinderung einer Überlastung der Anode der Röntgenröhre aufgrund eines relativ kleinen Auftreffpunktes des Elektronenstrahles wird dieser elektronisch über einen vorbestimmten Fokusbereich abgelenkt. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, einen Bereich, der dem bekannten Strichfokus entspricht, mit Hilfe eines Elektronenstrahles abzutasten. Dieser Abtastvorgang erlaubt demgemäß eine Veränderung der Fokusgröße eines Strichfokus in Länge und Breite. Auch läßt sich eine dieser beiden Dimensionen verändern, so daß bei verschieden großen Anodenwinkeln dieselbe Fokusgröße bei konstant gehaltener Leistung pro Quadratmillimeter im Anodenmaterial ermöglicht wird. Die Fokusgröße kann auch in Stufen oder kontinuierlich in Länge und/oder Breite variiert werden. Dadurch ist eine optimale Fokusgröße bei maximaler Röhrenauslastung abhängig von der jeweiligen Untersuchungsmethode oder dem zu untersuchenden Objekt wählbar.This object is achieved by the training specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. With the X-ray diagnostic device according to the invention, a fine electron beam can be generated, the beam current strength of which can be changed quickly with the aid of a control electrode. To prevent overloading the anode of the x-ray tube due to a relatively small point of impact of the electron beam, the electron beam is deflected electronically over a predetermined focus range. In this way it is possible to scan an area which corresponds to the known line focus with the aid of an electron beam. This scanning process accordingly allows the focus size of a line focus to be changed in length and width. It is also possible to change one of these two dimensions so that the same focus size is made possible with anode angles of different sizes while the power per square millimeter in the anode material is kept constant. The focus size can also be varied in steps or continuously in length and / or width. This means that an optimal focus size with maximum tube utilization can be selected depending on the respective examination method or the object to be examined.

Eine Weiterbildung der Erfindung besteht darin, daß die Intensität des Elektronenstrahles bei der Ablenkung entsprechend einer vorbestimmten Funktion eingestellt wird. Auf diese Weise ist z. B. ein Fokus mit Gauß'scher Intensitätsverteilung realisierbar. Die Einstellung der Intensität ist auch objektabhängig möglich. Hierzu können Strahlendetektoren vorgesehen sein, die zur Istwerterfassung der jeweiligen Strahlenintensität dienen.A further development of the invention consists in that the intensity of the electron beam during the deflection is adjusted according to a predetermined function. In this way, e.g. B. a focus with Gaussian intensity distribution can be realized. The intensity can also be set depending on the object. For this purpose, radiation detectors can be provided which are used to record the actual value of the respective radiation intensity.

Die Erfindung ist nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtung nach der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2 eine Fokusform der Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtung gemäß Figur 1, und
  • Fig. 3 bis 5 Kurven zur Erläuterung der Figuren 1 und 2.
The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 shows an X-ray diagnostic device according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 shows a focus form of the X-ray diagnostic device according to FIG. 1, and
  • 3 to 5 curves to explain Figures 1 and 2.

In der Figur 1 sind von einer Röntgenröhre eine Kathode 1 und eine Anode 2 dargestellt, die von einem rotierenden Anodenteller gebildet ist. Die Kathode 1 sendet mit Hilfe von Fokussierungselektroden 3 einen fadenförmigen Elektronenstrahl 4 aus, der auf der Brennfleckbahn 5 der Anode 2 auftrifft. Der Elektronenstrahl 4 ist durch Ablenkelektroden 6, 7 in zwei zueinander senkrechten Richtungen ablenkbar, die an Steuerspannungsgeneratoren 8, angeschlossen sind. Die Kathode 1 wird von einem Heizspannungsgenerator 10 versorgt. Der Heizspannungsgenerator 10 und die Steuerspannungsgeneratoren 8, 9 sind an einem Programmgeber 11 angeschlossen, dem Informationen über die gewünschte Fokusgröße und Form an einem Eingang 12, über die Leistung pro Quadratmillimeter auf der Anode 2 an einem Eingang 13 und über die Intensitätsverteilung im Fokus am Eingang 14 zugeführt werden. Ferner wird einem Eingang 15 ein Ein-Aus-Signal zugeführt.1 shows an X-ray tube, a cathode 1 and an anode 2, which is formed by a rotating anode plate. With the aid of focusing electrodes 3, the cathode 1 emits a filament-shaped electron beam 4 which strikes the focal spot path 5 of the anode 2. The electron beam 4 can be deflected in two mutually perpendicular directions by deflection electrodes 6, 7, which are connected to control voltage generators 8. The cathode 1 is supplied by a heating voltage generator 10. The heating voltage generator 10 and the control voltage generators 8, 9 are connected to a programmer 11 which receives information about the desired focus size and shape at an input 12, about the power per square millimeter on the anode 2 at an input 13 and about the intensity distribution in focus at the input 14 are supplied. An on-off signal is also fed to an input 15.

Für die Durchführung einer Röntgenaufnahme wird beim Beginn eines Ein-Signales am Eingang 15, den Signalen an den Eingängen 12 bis 14 entsprechend der Elektronenstrahl 4 so abgelenkt, daß er einen vorgegebenen Fokusbereich abtastet. Diese Abtastung kann beispielsweise gemäß Figur 2 in x- und y-Richtung mäanderförmig erfolgen. Die Abtastfrequenz für den Fokusbereich kann dabei konstant oder variabel sein. Sie kann objektabhängig und/oder in Abhängigkeit von dem gewählten Untersuchungsverfahren festgelegt werden. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Form und Größe des Fokusbereiches optimal den jeweiligen Erfordernissen anzupassen. Die Intensitätsverteilung im Fokus kann fest, aber auch variabel sein.To carry out an X-ray recording, the electron beam 4 is deflected at the start of an on signal at the input 15, corresponding to the signals at the inputs 12 to 14, so that it scans a predetermined focus area. According to FIG. 2, this scanning can take place in a meandering manner in the x and y directions. The sampling frequency for the focus area can be constant or variable. It can be determined depending on the object and / or depending on the selected examination method. This makes it possible to To optimally adapt the shape and size of the focus area to the respective requirements. The intensity distribution in the focus can be fixed, but also variable.

Die Figur 3 zeigt für die Fokusform gemäß Figur 2 den zeitlichen Verlauf der Spannung Ux an den Ablenkelektroden 6 und die Figur 4 den zeitlichen Verlauf der Spannung Uy für die Fokusform gemäß Figur 2 an den Ablenkelektroden 7.FIG. 3 shows the time profile of the voltage Ux at the deflection electrodes 6 for the focus shape according to FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 shows the time profile of the voltage Uy for the focus shape according to FIG. 2 at the deflection electrodes 7.

In der Figur 5 zeigt die Kurve a den zeitlichen Verlauf der Spannung an einem Steuergitter 16, das die Intensität des Elektronenstrahles 4 festlegt für den Fall, daß diese Intensität während der Periodendauer T, während der eine Röntgenaufnahme angefertigt wird, konstant ist. Die Kurve b zeigt dabei einen variablen Intensitätsverlauf, der z. B. objektabhängig gewählt werden kann und durch das Signal am Eingang 14 festgelegt ist.In FIG. 5, curve a shows the time profile of the voltage at a control grid 16, which determines the intensity of the electron beam 4 in the event that this intensity is constant during the period T, during which an X-ray image is taken. The curve b shows a variable intensity curve, the z. B. can be selected depending on the object and is determined by the signal at input 14.

Die Figur 1 zeigt den vom Elektronenstrahl 4 auf der Anode 2 abgetasteten Fokusbereich 17, der in der Figur 2 gestrichelt dargestellt ist. Dieser Fokusbereich kann während der Aufnahmezeit einmal abgetastet werden, wie sich dies aus den Figuren 2 bis 5 ergibt. Es ist aber auch eine mehrmalige Abtastung möglich.FIG. 1 shows the focus area 17 scanned by the electron beam 4 on the anode 2, which is shown in broken lines in FIG. This focus area can be scanned once during the recording time, as can be seen from FIGS. 2 to 5. Multiple scans are also possible.

Diese Einrichtung erlaubt es auch, z. B. für Stereo-Betrieb mit einer einzigen Kathode zwei Fokusse anodenseitig zu erzeugen.This facility also allows, for. B. for stereo operation with a single cathode to generate two foci on the anode side.

Claims (3)

1. X-ray diagnostic apparatus comprising an X-ray tube with a cathode (1 focusing means (3) for the electron beam (4) and a rotating anode (2), deflecting means (6, 7) being provided for the electron beam (4), connected to a control circuit (8, 9,11) designed such that the point of impact of the electron beam (4) on the anode (2) describes a predetermined path, characterised in that the path of the point of impact of the electron beam (4) is adjustable within a specific focus range (17) on the anode (2).
2. X-ray diagnostic apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the deflection frequency for the electron beam (4) is selected such that a focus range (17) on the anode (2) is fully scanned at least once during the recording time.
3. X-ray diagnostic apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the intensity of the electron beam (4) is set in accordance with a predetermined function during the deflection process.
EP84115065A 1984-01-19 1984-12-10 X-ray diagnostic installation with an x-ray tube Expired EP0150364B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3401749 1984-01-19
DE19843401749 DE3401749A1 (en) 1984-01-19 1984-01-19 X-RAY DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE WITH AN X-RAY TUBE

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0150364A2 EP0150364A2 (en) 1985-08-07
EP0150364A3 EP0150364A3 (en) 1985-09-04
EP0150364B1 true EP0150364B1 (en) 1988-04-06

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EP84115065A Expired EP0150364B1 (en) 1984-01-19 1984-12-10 X-ray diagnostic installation with an x-ray tube

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US (1) US4748650A (en)
EP (1) EP0150364B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60132000U (en)
DE (2) DE3401749A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS60132000U (en) 1985-09-03
US4748650A (en) 1988-05-31
EP0150364A3 (en) 1985-09-04
EP0150364A2 (en) 1985-08-07
DE3401749A1 (en) 1985-08-01
DE3470361D1 (en) 1988-05-11

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