EP0149303B1 - Process for forming cushion articles - Google Patents
Process for forming cushion articles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0149303B1 EP0149303B1 EP84307054A EP84307054A EP0149303B1 EP 0149303 B1 EP0149303 B1 EP 0149303B1 EP 84307054 A EP84307054 A EP 84307054A EP 84307054 A EP84307054 A EP 84307054A EP 0149303 B1 EP0149303 B1 EP 0149303B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mold
- cushion
- cloth covering
- cloth
- article
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
- B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/56—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
- B29C44/569—Shaping and joining components with different densities or hardness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
- B29C44/14—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements the preformed part being a lining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/56—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/08—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
- B29K2105/0809—Fabrics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/58—Upholstery or cushions, e.g. vehicle upholstery or interior padding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/751—Mattresses, cushions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
- Y10T156/1028—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina by bending, drawing or stretch forming sheet to assume shape of configured lamina while in contact therewith
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process for forming a cloth covered cushion article according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a process is known from US-A-4 287 143.
- a molding process was devised for manufacturing seat cushions comprising a foam portion having an integral vinyl cover.
- the vinyl cover first is heated and then drawn into a cold mold by means of a vacuum between the vinyl and the mold. As the vinyl cools, it assumes the contours of the mold. Foam then is poured into the mold to form the foam portion of the seat cushion. This process significantly reduces manufacturing costs.
- cloth has many advantages over vinyl. Specifically, cloth is water vapor permeable. Perspiration that normally collects behind a person sitting in a vinyl seat can pass through cloth and be evaporated so that cloth feels cooler during warm weather and warmer during cold weather. Furthermore, the feel of the cloth is much more luxurious and elegant.
- a novel molding process was devised for manufacturing seat cushions comprising a foam portion having an integral cover including an outer cloth layer. It was found particularly advantageous to set the stitch of the fabric layer in the mold. This is accomplished by employing a mold heated to at least the fabric set temperature when the cloth is drawn into the mold. The fabric layer is thereby heated and then allowed to cool. By this process the fabric stitch is set to the precise contours of the mold. A foamable material then is poured into the mold after the cooling step to form an integral seat cushion with a fabric cover. The fabric normally is bonded or laminated to a vinyl film to permit the cover to be vacuum drawn into the mold.
- a second problem associated with these prior art processes concerns the use of standing pile or "plush” fabrics which have definite natural surface characteristics.
- fabrics are intended to include velour, velvet, brushed and a variety of fabric materials which have a defined pile that is capable of being crushed or the surface characteristics destroyed by heat and pressure.
- pile fabrics are drawn into a mold and heated to their heat-fixable fiber set temperatures, not only are the fibers set but the pile becomes set as well as it is biased against the interior surface of the mold. Thus the surface characteristics of the pile become altered or destroyed.
- the present invention is directed to solving the above identified problems by providing a new and improved process of molding a cushion article without repeated heating and cooling of molds and without altering the surface characteristics of the covering fabric of the cushion.
- a process for forming a cloth covered cushion article comprising the steps of drawing a cloth covering into a mold having the shape of the desired cushion article, said cloth covering having heat fixable fibers therein;
- the present invention provides a new and improved process for forming cloth covered cushion articles such as seat cushions or the like, which eliminates or significantly reduces the energy losses incurred by repeated heating and cooling of molds to first set the cloth covering and then to pour the resin and cure the foam for the cushion.
- the process also allows desirable surface characteristics of the cloth covering remain unaltered.
- a mold having the shape of the desired cushion article, and a cloth covering is drawn into the mold.
- Polyurethane resin then is poured into the mold and cured to form the foam cushion article.
- the cushion article is removed from the mold and heated to at least the heat fixable fiber set temperature of the cloth covering.
- the cloth covering is heat set in contour after the cushion is formed.
- the cured foam cushion itself acts as a male mold to hold the fabric of the cloth in contour as it is heat set. It can be seen that the novel use of the cushion as a male mold eliminates any interference with or possible altering of the natural surface characteristics of the outer fabric layer of the cloth covering during the heat setting operation.
- nylon fabric as the outer layer of the cloth covering
- a high boiling point solution facilitates setting the nylon fabric.
- a diester solution may be applied to the unfinished nylon fabric prior to heat setting.
- the process of the present invention may be employed to form or mold cloth covered cushion articles for any conceivable application.
- Such applications include automotive vehicle seats, aviation seats, chair cushions, stool cushions and other seating applications; padding for headboards, baby carriages, bar fronts, church kneel- ers, buses and handrails; as well as panelling and wall coverings for elevators, offices, tables, cabinets, and the like.
- the process of the present invention may utilise a wide variety of cloth materials, such as that woven or knitted from man-made or natural yarns or fibers which are capable of being heat set.
- the invention contemplates the use of "unfinished cloth” which is intended to mean cloth that has not been subjected in the flat to any of the conventional treatments intended to impart to the cloth a permanent dimensional or shape memory or to set or fix the intersections of the yarn.
- standing pile fabrics is intended to mean fabrics which have a definite natural surface characteristic or "surface loft” such as velour, velvet, brushed and a variety of fabric materials which have a defined pile that is capable of being crushed or the surface characteristics destroyed or altered by heat and pressure.
- the invention contemplates heat setting at least the outer fabric layer of a cloth-covered cushion article in contour after the cushion itself is formed. This not only eliminates repeated heating and cooling of the molds in various known processes, but the surface characteristics of the cloth fabric remain unaltered and in natural condition.
- the process of the present invention includes the provision of a mold such as female mold 10 (Fig. 1) having the shape of a desired cushion article, such as a seat cushion or the like.
- a cloth covering 12 is provided for the cushion article.
- Some types of cloth normally include an outer fabric layer bonded to an elastic composition layer.
- the fabric layer will engage the interior surface of female mold 10.
- the composition layer normally includes a film layer and a foam layer sandwiched between the film layer and the fabric layer.
- the film layer permits the cloth covering to be vacuum drawn into female mold 10 as shown in Figure 2.
- foamable material (i.e. polyurethane resin) 14 may then be poured into the mold in its liquid state, as illustrated in Figure 3.
- foamable material i.e. polyurethane resin
- cold cure polyether-type polyurethane is employed, although any foamable material that adheres to the film layer of the cloth covering may be used.
- female mold 10 may be heated at a temperature on the order of approximately 130°F (54°C) to render cloth covering 12 pliable.
- a male mold 16 then is placed over female mold 10 as illustrated in Figure 4. After approximately 15 minutes, foam 14 has fully expanded within the mold. The unfinished cushion article may then be extracted from female mold 10 as illustrated in Figure 5.
- the unfinished cushion article generally designated 18 (Fig. 6)
- Fig. 6 The unfinished cushion article, generally designated 18 (Fig. 6)
- the unfinished cushion article is placed in an oven 20 where it is heated to at least the heat fixable fiber set temperature of the cloth covering 12.
- the cloth covering is heat set in contour after the foam cushion itself is formed.
- the foam cushion acts as a male mold to hold the fabric of the covering in contour during heat setting in oven 20.
- a moldable cloth covering including a fabric layer of 14-ounce unfinished polyester pile material was drawn into mold 10.
- Foamable material was poured into the mold in its liquid state and cold cured.
- the unfinished cushion article was placed in oven 20 and heated to a temperature on the order of approximately 360°F (182°C).
- the pile fabric was heat set as the cured foam cushion acted as a male mold to hold the cloth covering in contour during heat setting of the fabric.
- the pile of the fabric was unaltered and its natural surface characteristics retained.
- a moldable cloth including an outer layer of unfinished nylon was drawn into mold 10.
- the nylon fabric was a Type 6, 12-13 ounce knit material.
- Formable material 14 was poured into the mold in its liquid state and cold cured.
- the unifinished cushion article was sprayed with a cold diester solution and placed in oven 20.
- the oven was heated at a temperature on the order of approximately 300°F (149°C).
- the nylon fabric of the covering for the cushion heat set in contour as the cured foam acted as a male mold to hold the fabric during heat setting.
- the cushion article was rinsed with a solvent to remove excess diester solution, and the article was dried to evaporate the solvent.
- the natural surface characteristics of the nylon fabric remained totally unaltered and in natural condition.
- a moldable nylon cloth was used in a process similar to that described above in Example 2. However, instead of applying cold diester solution to the fabric and heating the fabric covered cushion in an oven, the diester solution itself was applied hot at a temperature on the order of approximately 300°F (149°C). The nylon fabric of the covering for the cushion heat set in contour onto the foam cushion as the cushion acted as a male mold to hold the fabric in contour during the heat setting. The natural surface characteristics of the fabric remained unaltered and in natural condition.
Landscapes
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT84307054T ATE56659T1 (de) | 1984-01-19 | 1984-10-15 | Verfahren zum herstellen von polster-artikeln. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US57206884A | 1984-01-19 | 1984-01-19 | |
US572068 | 1984-01-19 | ||
US06/655,917 US4559094A (en) | 1984-01-19 | 1984-10-02 | Process for forming cushion articles |
US655917 | 1984-10-02 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89109554.9 Division-Into | 1989-05-26 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0149303A2 EP0149303A2 (en) | 1985-07-24 |
EP0149303A3 EP0149303A3 (en) | 1987-10-21 |
EP0149303B1 true EP0149303B1 (en) | 1990-09-19 |
Family
ID=27075725
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84307054A Expired - Lifetime EP0149303B1 (en) | 1984-01-19 | 1984-10-15 | Process for forming cushion articles |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4559094A (xx) |
EP (1) | EP0149303B1 (xx) |
KR (1) | KR870000196B1 (xx) |
AU (1) | AU3417384A (xx) |
BR (1) | BR8405531A (xx) |
CA (1) | CA1219715A (xx) |
DE (2) | DE3483258D1 (xx) |
ES (1) | ES8606071A1 (xx) |
IL (1) | IL73367A (xx) |
IN (1) | IN163004B (xx) |
MX (1) | MX160413A (xx) |
SE (1) | SE8405497L (xx) |
SU (1) | SU1449010A3 (xx) |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4828571A (en) * | 1984-04-13 | 1989-05-09 | Pensa Ildo E | Non-aqueous process for the dyeing of dyable materials at an elevated temperature in a non-reactive environment and in a non-aqueous dye solvent |
US4692199A (en) * | 1985-12-13 | 1987-09-08 | Lear Siegler, Inc. | Method and apparatus for bonding fabric to a foam pad |
GB2192334B (en) * | 1986-07-07 | 1989-12-13 | Tachi S Co | "method of making a seat cushion". |
JPS63151412A (ja) * | 1986-12-16 | 1988-06-24 | Nanba Press Kogyo Kk | 発泡体製品のモ−ルドレス成形方法 |
US4717611A (en) * | 1986-12-17 | 1988-01-05 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Void-free molded polyurethane articles with surface attachment strips |
GB2207078B (en) * | 1987-07-10 | 1990-03-07 | Grammer Sitzsysteme Gmbh | Process for the production of a foam backed article |
AU604790B2 (en) * | 1987-12-09 | 1991-01-03 | Tachi-S Co., Ltd. | Method of manufacturing automotive seat |
US5096760A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1992-03-17 | Creme Art Corporation | Covered soft foam article |
FR2663880B1 (fr) * | 1990-06-29 | 1994-04-29 | Roth Sa Freres | Procede de fabrication de matelassures en mousse de polyurethane coulee in situ dans une coiffe en textile et coussin ainsi obtenu. |
DE4131203A1 (de) * | 1991-09-19 | 1993-03-25 | Bayer Ag | Salzgetriebener pur-folienverbund |
US5407510A (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 1995-04-18 | Douglas & Lomason Company | Method for bonding a cover to a flexible pad |
US5336352A (en) * | 1993-04-23 | 1994-08-09 | Tachi-S Co., Ltd. | Method for forming a trim cover assembly for automotive seat |
US5468434A (en) * | 1994-03-01 | 1995-11-21 | Atoma International Inc. | Provision of cover impermeability in mold in place seat component method |
CA2122413C (en) * | 1994-04-19 | 2001-06-19 | Daniel M. Wyner | Multiplayer materials with adhesive and production thereof |
US5743982A (en) * | 1996-07-01 | 1998-04-28 | Magna Lomason Corporation | Method for bonding a cover to a flexible pad |
US6120100A (en) * | 1999-03-26 | 2000-09-19 | Collins & Aikman Plastics, Inc. | Composite blow molded article and method of making same |
FR2880838B1 (fr) * | 2005-01-19 | 2009-03-13 | Visteon Global Tech Inc | Procede de fabrication d'un panneau composite avec une peau decorative et panneau correspondant |
US7984893B2 (en) * | 2006-02-13 | 2011-07-26 | Rco Engineering | Reusable support for a contoured surface of a part allowing machining of an opposite side of the part |
US20080054696A1 (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2008-03-06 | Mcconnell Thomas E | Infant seat |
US20180002158A1 (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2018-01-04 | Schukra Gerätebau Gmbh | Method, tool and system for producing a product from a fiber material |
US20180111349A1 (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2018-04-26 | Rogers Corporation | Method for the manufacture of a polymer foam composite, polymer foam composites prepared thereby, and articles prepared therefrom |
US10179433B2 (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2019-01-15 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method of forming a headrest assembly |
DE102021101960A1 (de) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-07-28 | Matthias Krabel | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines hinterschäumten Formbauteils und Formbauteil |
EP4402018A1 (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2024-07-24 | Sears Manufacturing Co. | Magnetic heated seat device |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB864965A (en) * | 1958-03-27 | 1961-04-12 | Gen Motors Corp | Improved refrigerator cabinet, and method of making such a cabinet |
GB1072873A (en) * | 1963-06-17 | 1967-06-21 | Ici Ltd | Moulding composite articles |
DE2017970A1 (de) * | 1970-04-15 | 1971-10-28 | Bayer | Verfahren zum Herstellen von hochbeanspruchbaren Schaumstoffkörpern |
DE2249652A1 (de) * | 1972-10-11 | 1974-04-25 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen eines schaumstoffpolsters |
FR2203273A5 (en) * | 1972-10-13 | 1974-05-10 | Chomarat Et Cie A Ets | Composite seating upholstery of fabric and foams - with surface profiles obtained by integral thermoforming of extensible fabric and foamed sheet covers |
NL7410349A (nl) * | 1974-08-01 | 1976-02-03 | Goodrich Europ | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het vervaardigen van schuimstofartikelen met een daaraan hech- tende bekleding, alsmede schuimstofartikel, vervaardigd volgens deze werkwijze. |
BE838092A (fr) * | 1976-01-30 | 1976-07-30 | Procede de fabrication d'un objet en mousse revetu, moule utilise dans ce procede et objet ainsi obtenu | |
GB2002675A (en) * | 1977-07-21 | 1979-02-28 | Kohkoku Chemical Ind Co | Moulding cushions |
JPS5534955A (en) * | 1978-09-04 | 1980-03-11 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Skinned flexible foamed body and method of producing same |
JPS56500040A (xx) * | 1979-03-05 | 1981-01-16 | ||
US4287143A (en) * | 1979-03-19 | 1981-09-01 | Sears Manufacturing Company | Cloth molding process |
US4247348A (en) * | 1979-03-19 | 1981-01-27 | Sears Manufacturing Company | Process for molding cloth including a fabric layer, the stitches thereof having never been thermally set and molding a cloth-covered foam filled product |
US4247347A (en) * | 1979-03-19 | 1981-01-27 | Lischer James F | Process for molding cloth including a fabric layer by heating to at least the greater of the set or softening temperature the stitches thereof having never been set, and molding a cloth covered foam filled product |
US4264386A (en) * | 1979-03-19 | 1981-04-28 | Sears Manufacturing Company | Process for molding a cloth in a hot mold and molding a cloth covered foam filled product |
US4293305A (en) * | 1979-11-01 | 1981-10-06 | Northwestern Laboratories, Inc. | Diester composition and textile processing compositions therefrom |
-
1984
- 1984-10-02 US US06/655,917 patent/US4559094A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1984-10-12 AU AU34173/84A patent/AU3417384A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1984-10-12 CA CA000465379A patent/CA1219715A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-10-15 DE DE8484307054T patent/DE3483258D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1984-10-15 EP EP84307054A patent/EP0149303B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-10-15 DE DE89109554T patent/DE3486210T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1984-10-25 IN IN798/MAS/84A patent/IN163004B/en unknown
- 1984-10-30 IL IL73367A patent/IL73367A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-10-30 BR BR8405531A patent/BR8405531A/pt unknown
- 1984-10-31 MX MX203237A patent/MX160413A/es unknown
- 1984-11-01 SE SE8405497A patent/SE8405497L/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-11-02 KR KR1019840006860A patent/KR870000196B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1984-11-02 ES ES537357A patent/ES8606071A1/es not_active Expired
- 1984-11-02 SU SU843812264A patent/SU1449010A3/ru active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL73367A0 (en) | 1985-01-31 |
SE8405497D0 (sv) | 1984-11-01 |
US4559094A (en) | 1985-12-17 |
EP0149303A3 (en) | 1987-10-21 |
BR8405531A (pt) | 1985-09-10 |
AU3417384A (en) | 1985-07-25 |
DE3486210T2 (de) | 1994-04-07 |
DE3483258D1 (de) | 1990-10-25 |
MX160413A (es) | 1990-02-19 |
IN163004B (xx) | 1988-07-30 |
IL73367A (en) | 1990-11-05 |
ES8606071A1 (es) | 1986-04-01 |
SE8405497L (sv) | 1985-07-20 |
DE3486210D1 (de) | 1993-10-14 |
KR850005322A (ko) | 1985-08-24 |
CA1219715A (en) | 1987-03-31 |
KR870000196B1 (ko) | 1987-02-16 |
ES537357A0 (es) | 1986-04-01 |
EP0149303A2 (en) | 1985-07-24 |
SU1449010A3 (ru) | 1988-12-30 |
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