EP0140763B1 - Installation for the treatmet of fuel material, and its operating mode - Google Patents

Installation for the treatmet of fuel material, and its operating mode Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0140763B1
EP0140763B1 EP84401970A EP84401970A EP0140763B1 EP 0140763 B1 EP0140763 B1 EP 0140763B1 EP 84401970 A EP84401970 A EP 84401970A EP 84401970 A EP84401970 A EP 84401970A EP 0140763 B1 EP0140763 B1 EP 0140763B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
roller
temperature
gases
rate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84401970A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0140763A3 (en
EP0140763A2 (en
Inventor
Luc Ratouis
Gérard Dreyfuss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Creusot Loire SA
Original Assignee
Creusot Loire SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Creusot Loire SA filed Critical Creusot Loire SA
Priority to AT84401970T priority Critical patent/ATE31546T1/en
Publication of EP0140763A2 publication Critical patent/EP0140763A2/en
Publication of EP0140763A3 publication Critical patent/EP0140763A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0140763B1 publication Critical patent/EP0140763B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/002—Horizontal gasifiers, e.g. belt-type gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/36—Fixed grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is an installation for treating a combustible material, and in particular an apparatus for gasifying coal or vegetable materials and also covers methods for controlling the treatment carried out in an installation of this type.
  • Apparatus are already known for pyrolysis or gasification of combustible materials by circulation of hot gas comprising an elongated reaction chamber having a flat bottom on which the material charged at an upstream end forms a layer moving up to the downstream end of the bottom where it pours into an evacuation hopper.
  • the reaction chamber is associated with a circuit for circulating hot gas through the layer of materials comprising means for introducing hot gases above the layer, for example by means of a burner and means for extracting gas through the material layer through at least one permeable part formed in the bottom.
  • a gasification device as described, for example, in French Patent No.
  • the bottom is provided with two permeable zones constituted by grids, one zone placed in the upstream half of the chamber corresponding to the drying and the pyrolysis of the material and a zone placed on the downstream side corresponding to the gasification of the material after pyrolysis.
  • the pyrolysis gases aspirated by a box placed below the upstream grid are recycled in the burner placed above at the downstream end of the chamber, so as to produce the temperature necessary for gasification, the gases produced by that -ci being sucked by a box placed below the downstream grid.
  • reaction chamber described in this patent has a horizontal bottom. It may however be advantageous to tilt the bottom more or less depending on the desired operating conditions.
  • the bottom of the chamber is substantially horizontal or slightly inclined so that the advancement of the material cannot occur naturally and is carried out at by means of a thrust member such as a piston placed below the loading orifice and animated, with alternative movements of slow advance and rapid recoil allowing the material to be given a substantially constant speed of advance.
  • a thrust member such as a piston placed below the loading orifice and animated, with alternative movements of slow advance and rapid recoil allowing the material to be given a substantially constant speed of advance.
  • the reaction chamber opens at its downstream end into a recovery hopper, the edge of which must normally be separated from the grid by a weir-forming surface and the length of which must be sufficient to maintain a minimum thickness of material above the grid. given the angle formed by the natural slope of discharge of the material at the downstream end of. layer. Indeed, when the grid is not covered with a layer of material of sufficient thickness to produce a certain pressure drop, one can observe a phenomenon of fogging producing preferential streams of hot gas through the grid. On the other hand, the downstream part thereof can also be exposed directly to the gas coming from the burner if it is placed too close to the edge of the spill hopper, the embankment being able to spill irregularly. This therefore results in a risk of overheating of the grid, the longevity of which depends on the temperatures to which it is exposed.
  • the temperature produced by the burner above the charge should normally be as high as possible, but it is also necessary to avoid too rapid a melting of the ash which would hamper the evacuation.
  • the upstream temperature of the gases above the charge must be around 1150 ° C.
  • the thickness to be given to the layer which depends in particular on the characteristics of the material and the inclination of the bottom, must be sufficient, as indicated, to produce the necessary pressure drop and depends on the suction conditions.
  • the downstream temperature of the gases having passed through the charge must be limited, if possible, so as not to deteriorate the grid while retaining a good gasification yield and experience has shown that it is useful to maintain a temperature d 'about 700 ° below the downstream grid.
  • EP-A-45 256 discloses a process for gasifying combustible materials according to which the hot gas flow is regulated as a function of the thickness of the layer of combustible material.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks by means of a device which makes it possible in particular, without excessive complication and without the use of a movable floor, to control the end of the treatment process, in particular by avoiding an increase in the temperature of the gases. at the level of the grid which would cause it to overheat.
  • the reaction chamber comprises a member for controlling the discharge of the treated material, projecting above the level of the bottom of the chamber at the downstream end thereof and a means for measuring the temperature of the gases sucked below the layer of material at the downstream end of the bottom and a means of adjustment by the control member of the discharge of the discharge rate of the treated material, as a function of the variations in the measured temperature gases in relation to a determined level corresponding to optimal operating conditions.
  • the material discharge control member is constituted by a roller extending transversely at the downstream end of the bottom, rotatably mounted around an axis parallel to the latter and the part of which upper overflows above the bottom so as to constitute an obstacle to the advancement of the material.
  • the roller is provided, on its periphery, with hollow parts capable of withdrawing a determined quantity of material at each revolution of the roller, the latter being associated with a means of rotationally adjustable speed drive constituting the means for adjusting the flow rate. evacuation of the material.
  • the reaction chamber has a bottom inclined relative to the horizontal by an angle less than that causing the natural advancement of the material and is associated with a means for pushing the material at a speed of substantially constant progress.
  • the discharge rate of the spill control member being adjusted for optimal operating conditions as a function of the speed of advancement of the layer of material, the downstream temperature of the gases is continuously measured. above the layer at the downstream end and, if a reference temperature corresponding to the desired degree of treatment is exceeded, a reduction in the discharge rate of the treated material is controlled, determining an increase in the height of the layer and a lowering of the downstream temperature measured to the reference level, the evacuation flow rate then being reduced to its normal value.
  • the reaction chamber has a bottom inclined relative to the horizontal by an angle greater than that causing the natural advancement of the material under its own weight and the spill control member protrudes in protrusion above the bottom over a height substantially equal to that of the layer of material and which depends on the rate of loading through the upstream orifice and the rate of discharge of the treated material.
  • the temperature of the gases is continuously measured below the layer of material at the downstream end of the bottom and, if a reference temperature corresponding to the desired degree of treatment is exceeded, an increase is controlled.
  • the discharge flow rate determining an increase in the carbon content of the material at the downstream end and a decrease in the temperature measured up to the reference level, the discharge flow rate then being reduced to its normal value.
  • a gasifier is schematically represented consisting of a treatment chamber 1 of elongated shape, provided with a bottom 13 inclined relative to the horizontal and extending between an inlet 2 for supplying materials and a hopper 16 for discharging the treated material, placed at the two ends, respectively upper and lower, of the elongated chamber 1.
  • the material reduced to pieces introduced by the inlet 2 moves along the inclined bottom 13 of the chamber for example under the action of a piston 3 which is driven by a jack 31 with an alternating movement of advance and reversing, the advance being made at an adjustable slow speed and the reversing at more high speed so that the material moves in a practically continuous movement, at an average speed V.
  • the material thus forms above the bottom 13 a layer 4 which can have a variable thickness and whose front part 44 forms a slope 45 limited by the downstream end 12 of the bottom 13 and whose inclination depends in particular on the physical characteristics of the material after treatment.
  • the chamber 1 Opposite the slope 45 and above the discharge hopper 16, the chamber 1 forms a hood 17 in which is placed a burner 18.
  • the hot gases produced by the burner 18 spread in the treatment chamber 1 au- above the material and are sucked through it by two boxes 51 and 61 connected to suction circuits, respectively 5 and 6 and limited respectively by two grids 14 and 15 forming permeable parts of the bottom 13 placed respectively on the upstream side and on the downstream side of it.
  • the hot gases produced by the burner 18 pass through the layer of material 4 and the talu-s 45 in a substantially transverse direction and produce above the grid 14 the drying and then the pyrolysis of the combustible material which is transformed. in charcoal and then the conversion into gas of the latter above the grid 15, the gas produced being sucked up by the box 61.
  • the downstream part of the bottom 13 between the limit of the box 15 and the edge of the hopper 16. forms a weir 12 whose length determines the position of the slope 45 and consequently the thickness of material traversed by the gases sucked in by the grid 15.
  • a roller 8 is placed at this location which is provided on its periphery with recesses in the form of grooves 81 which extend over the entire length of the roller.
  • This is rotatably mounted on an axis 80 parallel to the bottom 13 and perpendicular to the axis of the chamber 1, that is to say to the direction of movement.
  • the axis 80 of the roller 8 can be placed, for example, at the bottom 13, the weir 130 forming a cylindrical housing for the lower part of the roller 8, the upper part thus overflows above the bottom 13.
  • the roller 8 is rotated by a motor 82 with an average angular speed for which the discharge rate of the material taken up by the grooves 81 corresponds to the average speed V of advancement of the material along the bottom 13
  • a motor 82 with an average angular speed for which the discharge rate of the material taken up by the grooves 81 corresponds to the average speed V of advancement of the material along the bottom 13
  • the speed of rotation of the roller 8 it is possible to vary the discharge rate of the material and consequently to accelerate or on the contrary slow down the advancement of the downstream part 44 of the layer of material of such so that, according to the speeds of the roller 8, the slope 45 oscillates between two positions, 46 and 47 indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 2.
  • the average speed of advancement of the layer of material 4 is determined by the piston 3 and remains substantially constant as long as the speed of the piston is not changed.
  • the dumping slope takes the average position 45. If the speed of rotation of the roller is reduced, the evacuation rate also decreases and this results in a braking effect, the roller constituting an obstacle which must be crossed by matter.
  • the slope then takes the position 46 indicated in dashes in the figure and which is substantially tangent to the roller 8 and the inclination of which depends on the angle (D) of natural dumping of the ashes.
  • the speed of rotation of the roller is increased, the ash discharge rate becomes greater than the arrival rate which corresponds to the average speed of advance and the slope takes position 47 of slightly concave shape, indicated in phantom in Figure 2.
  • the minimum thickness h of materials traversed by the gases at the lower end of the grid 15 can vary between two values h, and h 2 corresponding to the extreme positions 46 and 47 of the slope according to the speed given to the roller 8
  • the operating conditions being regulated, as indicated, so that the ashes retain at the end of treatment a minimum proportion of carbon determining a lowering of temperature by endothermic reaction.
  • This device may include a comparator 9. receiving the temperature measured by a sensor 91 placed below the grid 15 to compare it with a reference temperature t '. In as a function of the result of this comparison, the comparator 9 sends an order to a member 83 for adjusting the speed of rotation of the motor 82 for driving the roller 8. When the measured temperature t substantially exceeds the reference temperature t ', the comparator 9 sends the regulating member 83 an order to slow down the roller 8 which makes it possible to increase the height of the layer crossed and consequently the cooling of the gases. When the temperature difference is considered normal, the comparator issues a command to return to normal speed of the roller 8.
  • the temperature measured below the grid should not drop abnormally below the reference level t '. If the comparator detected an abnormal lowering of temperature which leads to a reduction in yield, it would then be necessary to act on the speed of advance of the material by means of the piston 3.
  • the relative proportions of charcoal and ash remaining at the end of the treatment depend on the nature of the fuel which can produce a proportion of ash ranging from 5 to 20%.
  • the operating conditions being determined according to the nature of the fuel and the characteristics of the installation, the regulating device according to the invention makes it possible to control the degree of progress of the treatment and the temperature of the gases sucked up so as to avoid a excessive heating of the grate 15. Thanks to the security provided by the spill control roller, it is therefore possible to reduce the carbon content of the ashes as much as possible and consequently achieve an optimal gasification yield.
  • the device which has just been described also has other advantages.
  • the molten ash forms, on the surface 45 of the slope, a crust which will be broken and easily removed by the roller 8.
  • the gasifier with a horizontal or slightly inclined bottom which has just been described is well suited for the treatment of materials comprising a relatively low proportion of ash on the order of 5%, such as, for example, wood.
  • materials of plant origin containing a large proportion of ash for example of the order of 20%
  • Such a gasifier has been shown by way of example in FIG. 3.
  • the reaction chamber 1 is then provided with a bottom 13 inclined at a large angle, of the order of 45 ° and is provided, above the upper end 11 of the bottom 13, with an orifice inlet 2 through which a chimney 21 opens allowing the material to be introduced continuously.
  • a roller 8 is placed which can be provided, as described above, with evacuation grooves 81, but which protrudes above the level of the bottom 13 by a corresponding height substantially to that of the layer of material on entering the chamber. In this way, the material introduced through the inlet orifice 2 forms a layer of substantially uniform thickness up to the discharge roller 8.
  • a temperature sensor 91 placed below the downstream end of the grid 15 and connected to a comparator 9 which controls the motor 82 of the roller via a member 83 for adjusting the speed of rotation.
  • the comparator 9 When the comparator 9 detects an abnormal rise in temperature above the reference temperature t ′, the comparator 9 determines an increase in the speed of rotation of the roller and consequently in the ash removal rate. These are immediately replaced by the material located upstream and which advances under the action of its own weight. This material, having undergone a less thorough treatment. has a higher carbon content which determines a lowering of the temperature to the desired level. Comparator 9 then reduces the speed of the roller to normal speed.
  • the comparator 9 could slow down the roller and consequently the rate of evacuation of the material which would then undergo a more thorough treatment entrain-
  • the device according to the invention makes it possible to adapt to very different operating conditions and one could obviously imagine other variants.
  • roller 8 for controlling the discharge of the material could be provided, in place of the grooves 81, with helical threads to form an endless screw which would be placed in the bottom of a bucket.
  • the material would then move parallel to the axis of the roller, that is to say transversely to the direction of the bottom 13, the evacuation occurring through a lateral orifice placed at the height of the roller.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Seeds, Soups, And Other Foods (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

1. Plant for treating a combustible material by circulating hot gases, comprising an elongated reaction chamber (1) having a flat bottom (13) and provided at an upstream end (2) with means for loading the material in the form of a layer (4) which moves along the flat bottom (13) as far as a downstream end (12) for discharging the treated material, the reaction chamber (1) being associated with at least one circuit for circulating hot gases through the layer (4) of material, which circuit has means (18) for introducing the hot gases above the layer (4) of material and means (6) for sucking the gases through at least one permeable section (15) arranged in the bottom (13), at least on the downstream side, which plant comprises an element (8) for controlling the flow of the treated material at an adjustable rate, which element is located so as to project in relation to the plane of the bottom (13) at the downstream end (16) of the latter, a means for measuring the temperature of the gases sucked in below the layer (4) of material at the downstream end (12) of the bottom (13) and a means for adjusting, via the control element (8), the rate at which the treated material is discharged, in accordance with the variations in the measured temperature t of the gases with respect to a predetermined level t' corresponding to the optimum operating conditions.

Description

L'invention a pour objet une installation de traitement d'une matière combustible, et en particulier un appareil de gazéification de charbon ou de matières végétales et couvre également des procédés de contrôle du traitement réalisé dans une installation de ce type.The subject of the invention is an installation for treating a combustible material, and in particular an apparatus for gasifying coal or vegetable materials and also covers methods for controlling the treatment carried out in an installation of this type.

On connaît déjà des appareils de pyrolyse ou de gazéification de matières combustibles par circulation de gaz chaud comprenant une chambre de réaction allongée ayant un fond plan sur lequel la matière chargée à une extrémité amont forme une couche se déplaçant jusqu'à l'extrémité aval du fond où elle se déverse dans une trémie d'évacuation. La chambre de réaction est associée à un circuit de circulation de gaz chaud à travers la couche de matières comportant des moyens d'introduction de gaz chauds au-dessus de la couche par exemple au moyen d'un brûleur et des moyens d'aspiration des gaz à travers la couche de matière par au moins une partie perméable ménagée dans le fond. Dans un appareil de gazéification, comme décrit, par exemple, dans le brevet français N° 7 831 356 le fond est muni de deux zones perméables constituées par des grilles, une zone placée dans la moitié amont de la chambre correspondant au séchage et à la pyrolyse de la matière et une zone placée du côté aval correspondant à la gazéification de la matière après pyrolyse. Les gaz de pyrolyse aspirés par un caisson placé au-dessous de la grille amont sont recyclés dans le brûleur placé au-dessus à l'extrémité aval de la chambre, de façon à produire la température nécessaire à la gazéification, les gaz produits par celle-ci étant aspirés par un caisson placé au-dessous de la grille aval.Apparatus are already known for pyrolysis or gasification of combustible materials by circulation of hot gas comprising an elongated reaction chamber having a flat bottom on which the material charged at an upstream end forms a layer moving up to the downstream end of the bottom where it pours into an evacuation hopper. The reaction chamber is associated with a circuit for circulating hot gas through the layer of materials comprising means for introducing hot gases above the layer, for example by means of a burner and means for extracting gas through the material layer through at least one permeable part formed in the bottom. In a gasification device, as described, for example, in French Patent No. 7,831,356, the bottom is provided with two permeable zones constituted by grids, one zone placed in the upstream half of the chamber corresponding to the drying and the pyrolysis of the material and a zone placed on the downstream side corresponding to the gasification of the material after pyrolysis. The pyrolysis gases aspirated by a box placed below the upstream grid are recycled in the burner placed above at the downstream end of the chamber, so as to produce the temperature necessary for gasification, the gases produced by that -ci being sucked by a box placed below the downstream grid.

La chambre de réaction décrite dans ce brevet comporte un fond horizontal. Il peut cependant être avantageux d'incliner le fond plus ou moins en fonction des conditions de fonctionnement souhaitées.The reaction chamber described in this patent has a horizontal bottom. It may however be advantageous to tilt the bottom more or less depending on the desired operating conditions.

En effet, lorsque le fond est incliné d'un angle important qui dépend du frottement entre la matière et le fond et peut être supérieur à 45°, la matière chargée par un orifice débouchant au-dessus de l'extrémité amont du fond avance sous l'action de son propre poids jusqu'à une trémie d'évacuation placée à l'extrémité aval de la chambre.Indeed, when the bottom is inclined at a large angle which depends on the friction between the material and the bottom and can be greater than 45 °, the material loaded by an orifice opening above the upstream end of the bottom advances under the action of its own weight up to an evacuation hopper placed at the downstream end of the chamber.

En revanche, dans le mode de réalisation décrit dans le brevet N° 7 837 356, le fond de la chambre est sensiblement horizontal ou faiblement incliné de telle sorte que l'avancement de la matière ne peut se produire de façon naturelle et est effectué au moyen d'un organe de poussée tel qu'un piston placé au-dessous de l'orifice de chargement et animé, de mouvements alternatifs d'avancement lent et de recul rapide permettant de donner à la matière une vitesse d'avancement sensiblement constante.In contrast, in the embodiment described in patent No. 7,837,356, the bottom of the chamber is substantially horizontal or slightly inclined so that the advancement of the material cannot occur naturally and is carried out at by means of a thrust member such as a piston placed below the loading orifice and animated, with alternative movements of slow advance and rapid recoil allowing the material to be given a substantially constant speed of advance.

La chambre de réaction débouche à son extrémité aval dans une trémie de récupération dont le bord doit normalement être séparé de la grille par une surface formant déversoir et dont la longueur doit être suffisante pour maintenir au-dessus de la grille une épaisseur minimale de matière compte tenu de l'angle formé par le talus naturel de déversement de la matière à l'extrémité aval de. la couche. En effet, lorsque la grille n'est pas recouverte d'une couche de matière d'épaisseur suffisante pour produire une certaine perte de charge, on peut constater un phénomène de renardage produisant des courants préférentiels de gaz chaud à travers la grille. D'autre part, la partie aval de celle-ci peut également être exposée directement au gaz venant du brûleur si elle est placée trop près du bord de la trémie de déversement, le talus pouvant se déverser de façon irrégulière. Il en résulte donc un risque de surchauffe de la grille dont la longévité dépend des températures auxquelles elle est exposée.The reaction chamber opens at its downstream end into a recovery hopper, the edge of which must normally be separated from the grid by a weir-forming surface and the length of which must be sufficient to maintain a minimum thickness of material above the grid. given the angle formed by the natural slope of discharge of the material at the downstream end of. layer. Indeed, when the grid is not covered with a layer of material of sufficient thickness to produce a certain pressure drop, one can observe a phenomenon of fogging producing preferential streams of hot gas through the grid. On the other hand, the downstream part thereof can also be exposed directly to the gas coming from the burner if it is placed too close to the edge of the spill hopper, the embankment being able to spill irregularly. This therefore results in a risk of overheating of the grid, the longevity of which depends on the temperatures to which it is exposed.

Un risque de surchauffe existe également lorsque la partie avant de la couche de matière est constituée presque uniquement de cendres qui ne produisent aucun refroidissement des gaz. On a donc l'habitude de régler les conditions de fonctionnement de façon à conserver à l'intérieur de la matière recouvrant la grille à l'extrémité aval de la chambre une proportion minimale de charbon de bois susceptible de diminuer la température des gaz et par conséquent le risque d'échauffement de la grille grâce à la réaction endothermique de formation de l'oxyde de carbone. Bien entendu, cete proportion de carbone résiduelle doit être réduite au minimum nécessaire pour ne pas diminuer exagérément le rendement de gazéification.There is also a risk of overheating when the front part of the material layer consists almost entirely of ash which does not produce any cooling of the gases. It is therefore customary to regulate the operating conditions so as to keep inside the material covering the grid at the downstream end of the chamber a minimum proportion of charcoal capable of reducing the temperature of the gases and by Consequently, the risk of the grid heating up due to the endothermic reaction of carbon monoxide formation. Of course, this proportion of residual carbon must be reduced to the minimum necessary so as not to excessively reduce the gasification yield.

Lors du réglage des conditions de fonctionnement, on doit évidemment tenir compte des caractéristiques de l'installation et de la matière traitée et on peut jouer sur un certain nombre de paramètres tels que le débit de chargement, la température des gaz produits par le brûleur au-dessus de la charge ou bien les débits et les vitesses de circulation des gaz aspirés pour obtenir les conditions de fonctionnement souhaitées.When adjusting the operating conditions, it is obviously necessary to take into account the characteristics of the installation and the material treated and one can play on a certain number of parameters such as the loading rate, the temperature of the gases produced by the burner at above the load or else the flow rates and circulation speeds of the gases sucked in to obtain the desired operating conditions.

La température produite par le brûleur au-dessus de la charge doit normalement être la plus élevée possible mais il faut également éviter une fusion trop rapide des cendres qui gênerait l'évacuation. L'expérience montre que la température amont des gaz au-dessus de la charge doit être de l'ordre de 1 150°C.The temperature produced by the burner above the charge should normally be as high as possible, but it is also necessary to avoid too rapid a melting of the ash which would hamper the evacuation. Experience shows that the upstream temperature of the gases above the charge must be around 1150 ° C.

L'épaisseur à donner à la couche, qui dépend notamment des caractéristiques de la matière et de l'inclinaison du fond doit être suffisante, comme on l'a indiqué, pour produire la perte de charge nécessaire et dépend des conditions d'aspiration. On a vu également que la température aval des gaz ayant traversé la charge doit être limitée, si possible, pour ne pas détériorer la grille tout en gardant un bon rendement de gazéification et l'expérience montre qu'il est utile de maintenir une température d'environ 700° au-dessous de la grille aval.The thickness to be given to the layer, which depends in particular on the characteristics of the material and the inclination of the bottom, must be sufficient, as indicated, to produce the necessary pressure drop and depends on the suction conditions. We have also seen that the downstream temperature of the gases having passed through the charge must be limited, if possible, so as not to deteriorate the grid while retaining a good gasification yield and experience has shown that it is useful to maintain a temperature d 'about 700 ° below the downstream grid.

On connaît dans le EP-A-45 256 un procédé de gazéification de matières combustibles selon lequel le flux gazeux chaud est réglé en fonction de l'épaisseur de la couche de matière combustible.EP-A-45 256 discloses a process for gasifying combustible materials according to which the hot gas flow is regulated as a function of the thickness of the layer of combustible material.

On connaît également dans le US-A-4 268 274, un procédé de contrôle d'une réaction de combustion, dans lequel ladite réaction est contrôlée en ajustant l'épaisseur de la couche de matière combustible en fonction de la quantité d'oxyde de carbone dégagée.Also known from US-A-4,268,274 is a method for controlling a combustion reaction, in which said reaction is controlled by adjusting the thickness of the layer of combustible material as a function of the amount of oxide of carbon released.

D'autre part, on peut, empiriquement, déterminer des conditions optimales de fonctionnement d'une installation de gazéification, mais à moins de disposer d'une sole mobile qui complique beaucoup l'installation, on ne connaissait pas jusqu'à présent de moyens simples pour régler les conditions de fonctionnement en cours de marche et, dans les fours à sole fixe, on est amené soit à conserver une teneur en carbone relativement importante à l'extrémité aval du four, ce qui baisse le rendement, soit à écarter vers l'aval le point de déversement de la matière par rapport à l'extrémité de la grille, ce qui entraîne un allongement du four.On the other hand, we can empirically determine optimal operating conditions for a gasification installation, but unless we have a movable floor that greatly complicates the installation, we have not yet known any means simple to regulate the operating conditions during operation and, in fixed hearth ovens, we are led either to keep a relatively high carbon content at the downstream end of the oven, which lowers the yield, or to move towards downstream the point of discharge of the material relative to the end of the grid, which causes the furnace to lengthen.

L'invention a pour objet de remédier à ces inconvénients grâce à un dispositif permettant notamment, sans complication excessive et sans utilisation d'une sole mobile, de contrôler la fin du processus de traitement en évitant notamment une élévation de la température des gaz. au niveau de la grille qui entraînerait un échauffement excessif de celle-ci.The object of the invention is to remedy these drawbacks by means of a device which makes it possible in particular, without excessive complication and without the use of a movable floor, to control the end of the treatment process, in particular by avoiding an increase in the temperature of the gases. at the level of the grid which would cause it to overheat.

Conformément à l'invention, la chambre de réaction comprend un organe de contrôle du déversement de la matière traitée, placée en saillie au-dessus du niveau du fond de la chambre à l'extrémité aval de ce dernier et un moyen de mesure de la température des gaz aspirés au-dessous de la couche de matière à l'extrémité aval du fond et un moyen de réglage par l'organe de contrôle du déversement du débit d'évacuation de la matière traitée, en fonction des variations de la température mesurée des gaz par rapport à un niveau déterminé correspondant aux conditions de fonctionnement optimales.In accordance with the invention, the reaction chamber comprises a member for controlling the discharge of the treated material, projecting above the level of the bottom of the chamber at the downstream end thereof and a means for measuring the temperature of the gases sucked below the layer of material at the downstream end of the bottom and a means of adjustment by the control member of the discharge of the discharge rate of the treated material, as a function of the variations in the measured temperature gases in relation to a determined level corresponding to optimal operating conditions.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux, l'organe de contrôle du déversement de la matière est constituée par un rouleau s'étendant transversalement à l'extrémité aval du fond, monté rotatif autour d'un axe parallèle à ce dernier et dont la partie supérieure déborde au-dessus du fond de façon à constituer un obstacle à l'avancement de la matière.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the material discharge control member is constituted by a roller extending transversely at the downstream end of the bottom, rotatably mounted around an axis parallel to the latter and the part of which upper overflows above the bottom so as to constitute an obstacle to the advancement of the material.

Le rouleau est muni, sur sa périphérie, de parties creuses susceptibles de prélever une quantité déterminée de matière à chaque tour du rouleau, ce-dernier étant associé à un moyen d'entraînement en rotation à vitesse réglable constituant le moyen de réglage du débit d'évacuation de la matière.The roller is provided, on its periphery, with hollow parts capable of withdrawing a determined quantity of material at each revolution of the roller, the latter being associated with a means of rotationally adjustable speed drive constituting the means for adjusting the flow rate. evacuation of the material.

Dans un premier mode de réalisation, la chambre de réaction a un fond incliné par rapport à l'horizontale d'un angle inférieur à celui provoquant l'avancement naturel de la matière et est associé à un moyen de poussée de la matière à une vitesse d'avancement sensiblement constante. Dans ce cas, le débit d'évacuation de l'organe de contrôle de déversement étant réglé pour des conditions de fonctionnement optimales en fonction de la vitesse d'avancement de la couche de matière, on mesure en permanence la température aval des gaz au-dessus de la couche à l'extrémité aval et, en cas de dépassement d'une température de référence correspondant au degré de traitement souhaité, on commande une diminution du débit d'évacuation de la matière traitée déterminant une augmentation de la hauteur de la couche et un abaissement de la température aval mesurée jusqu'au niveau de référence, le débit d'évacuation étant alors ramené à sa valeur normale.In a first embodiment, the reaction chamber has a bottom inclined relative to the horizontal by an angle less than that causing the natural advancement of the material and is associated with a means for pushing the material at a speed of substantially constant progress. In this case, the discharge rate of the spill control member being adjusted for optimal operating conditions as a function of the speed of advancement of the layer of material, the downstream temperature of the gases is continuously measured. above the layer at the downstream end and, if a reference temperature corresponding to the desired degree of treatment is exceeded, a reduction in the discharge rate of the treated material is controlled, determining an increase in the height of the layer and a lowering of the downstream temperature measured to the reference level, the evacuation flow rate then being reduced to its normal value.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation, la chambre de réaction a un fond incliné par rapport à l'horizontale d'un angle supérieur à celui provoquant l'avancement naturel de la matière sous son propre poids et l'organe de contrôle du déversement dépasse en saillie au-dessus du fond sur une hauteur sensiblement égale à celle de la couche de matière et qui dépend du débit de chargement par l'orifice amont et du débit d'évacuation de la matière traitée.In another embodiment, the reaction chamber has a bottom inclined relative to the horizontal by an angle greater than that causing the natural advancement of the material under its own weight and the spill control member protrudes in protrusion above the bottom over a height substantially equal to that of the layer of material and which depends on the rate of loading through the upstream orifice and the rate of discharge of the treated material.

Dans ce cas, on mesure en permanence la température des gaz au-dessous de la couche de matière à l'extrémité aval du fond et, en cas de dépassement d'une température de référence correspondant au degré de traitement souhaité, on commande une augmentation du débit d'évacuation déterminant une augmentation de la teneur en carbone de la matière à l'extrémité aval et un abaissement de la température mesurée jusqu'au niveau de référence, le débit d'évacuation étant alors ramené à sa valeur normale.In this case, the temperature of the gases is continuously measured below the layer of material at the downstream end of the bottom and, if a reference temperature corresponding to the desired degree of treatment is exceeded, an increase is controlled. the discharge flow rate determining an increase in the carbon content of the material at the downstream end and a decrease in the temperature measured up to the reference level, the discharge flow rate then being reduced to its normal value.

Mais l'invention sera mieux comprise en se référant à des modes de réalisation données à titre d'exemple et représentés sur les dessins annexés.

  • La figure 1 représente schématiquement, en coupe longitudinale, la chambre de traitement d'une installation de gazéification.
  • La figure 2 est une vue de détail, à échelle agrandi, de l'extrémité aval de déversement de la matière.
  • La figure 3 représente schématiquement, en coupe longitudinale, un autre type de gazogène.
However, the invention will be better understood by referring to embodiments given by way of example and shown in the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents, in longitudinal section, the treatment chamber of a gasification installation.
  • Figure 2 is a detail view, on an enlarged scale, of the downstream end of the material discharge.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically, in longitudinal section, another type of gasifier.

Sur la figure 1, on a représenté schématiquement un gazogène constitué d'une chambre de traitement 1 de forme allongée, munie d'un fond 13 incliné par rapport à l'horizontale et s'étendant entre une entrée 2 d'alimentation en matières et une trémie 16 d'évacuation de la matière traitée, placées aux deux extrémités, respectivement supérieure et inférieure, de la chambre allongée 1.In FIG. 1, a gasifier is schematically represented consisting of a treatment chamber 1 of elongated shape, provided with a bottom 13 inclined relative to the horizontal and extending between an inlet 2 for supplying materials and a hopper 16 for discharging the treated material, placed at the two ends, respectively upper and lower, of the elongated chamber 1.

La matière réduite en morceaux introduite par l'entrée 2 se déplace le long du fond incliné 13 de la chambre par exemple sous l'action d'un piston 3 qui est animé par un vérin 31 d'un mouvement alternatif d'avance et de recul, l'avance se faisant à une vitesse lente réglable et le recul à plus grande vitesse de telle sorte que la matière se déplace d'un mouvement pratiquement continu, à une vitesse moyenne V.The material reduced to pieces introduced by the inlet 2 moves along the inclined bottom 13 of the chamber for example under the action of a piston 3 which is driven by a jack 31 with an alternating movement of advance and reversing, the advance being made at an adjustable slow speed and the reversing at more high speed so that the material moves in a practically continuous movement, at an average speed V.

La matière forme ainsi au-dessus du fond 13 une couche 4 qui peut avoir une épaisseur variable et dont la partie avant 44 forme un talus 45 limité par l'extrémité aval 12 du fond 13 et dont l'inclinaison dépend notamment des caractéristiques physiques de la matière après traitement.The material thus forms above the bottom 13 a layer 4 which can have a variable thickness and whose front part 44 forms a slope 45 limited by the downstream end 12 of the bottom 13 and whose inclination depends in particular on the physical characteristics of the material after treatment.

En face du talus 45 et au-dessus de la trémie d'évacuation 16, la chambre 1 forme une hotte 17 dans laquelle est placé un brûleur 18. Les gaz chauds produits par le brûleur 18 se répandent dans la chambre de traitement 1 au-dessus de la matière et sont aspirés à travers celle-ci par deux caissons 51 et 61 reliés à des circuits aspirants, respectivement 5 et 6 et limités respectivement par deux grilles 14 et 15 formant des parties perméables du fond 13 placées respectivement du côté amont et du côté aval de celui-ci.Opposite the slope 45 and above the discharge hopper 16, the chamber 1 forms a hood 17 in which is placed a burner 18. The hot gases produced by the burner 18 spread in the treatment chamber 1 au- above the material and are sucked through it by two boxes 51 and 61 connected to suction circuits, respectively 5 and 6 and limited respectively by two grids 14 and 15 forming permeable parts of the bottom 13 placed respectively on the upstream side and on the downstream side of it.

De la sorte, les gaz chauds produits par le brûleur 18 traversent la couche de matière 4 et le talu-s 45 dans une direction sensiblement transversale et produisent au-dessus de la grille 14 le séchage puis la pyrolyse de la matière combustible qui se transforme en charbon de bois puis la conversion en gaz de ce dernier au-dessus de la grille 15 le gaz produit étant aspiré par le caisson 61.In this way, the hot gases produced by the burner 18 pass through the layer of material 4 and the talu-s 45 in a substantially transverse direction and produce above the grid 14 the drying and then the pyrolysis of the combustible material which is transformed. in charcoal and then the conversion into gas of the latter above the grid 15, the gas produced being sucked up by the box 61.

La partie aval du fond 13 comprise entre la limite du caisson 15 et le bord de la trémie 16. forme un déversoir 12 dont la longueur détermine la position du talus 45 et par conséquent l'épaisseur de matière traversée par les gaz aspirés par la grille 15.The downstream part of the bottom 13 between the limit of the box 15 and the edge of the hopper 16. forms a weir 12 whose length determines the position of the slope 45 and consequently the thickness of material traversed by the gases sucked in by the grid 15.

Selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, on place à cet endroit un rouleau 8 qui est muni sur sa périphérie d'évidements en forme de cannelures 81 qui s'étendent sur toute la longueur du rouleau. Celui-ci est monté rotatif d'un axe 80 parallèle au fond 13 et perpendiculaire à l'axe de la chambre 1, c'est-à-dire à la direction de déplacement. L'axe 80 du rouleau 8 peut être placé, par exemple, au niveau du fond 13, le déversoir 130 formant un logement cylindrique pour la partie inférieure du rouleau 8 dont la partie supérieure déborde ainsi au-dessus du fond 13. D'autre part, le rouleau 8 est entraîné en rotation par un moteur 82 avec une vitesse angulaire moyenne pour laquelle le débit d'évacuation de la matière prélevée par les cannelures 81 correspond à la vitesse moyenne V d'avancement de la matière le long du fond 13. De la sorte, en réglant la vitesse de rotation du rouleau 8, on peut faire varier le débit d'évacuation de la matière et par conséquent accélérer ou au contraire freiner l'avancement de la partie aval 44 de la couche de matière de telle sorte que, selon les vitesses du rouleau 8, le talus 45 oscille entre deux positions, 46 et 47 indiquées schématiquement sur la figure 2.According to an essential characteristic of the invention, a roller 8 is placed at this location which is provided on its periphery with recesses in the form of grooves 81 which extend over the entire length of the roller. This is rotatably mounted on an axis 80 parallel to the bottom 13 and perpendicular to the axis of the chamber 1, that is to say to the direction of movement. The axis 80 of the roller 8 can be placed, for example, at the bottom 13, the weir 130 forming a cylindrical housing for the lower part of the roller 8, the upper part thus overflows above the bottom 13. On the other hand hand, the roller 8 is rotated by a motor 82 with an average angular speed for which the discharge rate of the material taken up by the grooves 81 corresponds to the average speed V of advancement of the material along the bottom 13 In this way, by adjusting the speed of rotation of the roller 8, it is possible to vary the discharge rate of the material and consequently to accelerate or on the contrary slow down the advancement of the downstream part 44 of the layer of material of such so that, according to the speeds of the roller 8, the slope 45 oscillates between two positions, 46 and 47 indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 2.

Dans une chambre de réaction à fond -peu incliné, la vitesse moyenne d'avancement de la couche de matière 4 est déterminée par le piston 3 et reste sensiblement constante tant que l'on ne modifie pas la vitesse du piston. On peut déterminer une vitesse moyenne de rotation du rouleau 8 pour laquelle le débit d'évacuation des cendres par les cannelures 81 correspond à la vitesse moyenne d'avancement de la partie aval 44 de la couche et qui dépend de la vitesse du piston compte tenu, évidemment, des variations des caractéristiques physiques de la matière au cours du traitement, notamment la densité et le tassement. Pour cette vitesse moyenne du rouleau, le talus de déversement prend la position moyenne 45. Si l'on diminue la vitesse de rotation du rouleau, le débit d'évacuation diminue également et il en résulte un effet de freinage, le rouleau constituant un obstacle qui doit être franchi par la matière. Le talus prend alors la position 46 indiquée en tirets sur la figure et qui est sensiblement tangente au rouleau 8 et dont l'inclinaison dépend de l'angle (D) de déversement naturel des cendres. En revanche, lorsqu'on augmente la vitesse de rotation du rouleau, le débit d'évacuation des cendres devient supérieur au débit d'arrivée qui correspond à la vitesse moyenne d'avancement et le talus prend la position 47 de forme légèrement concave, indiquée en trait mixte sur la figure 2.In a reaction chamber with a slightly inclined bottom, the average speed of advancement of the layer of material 4 is determined by the piston 3 and remains substantially constant as long as the speed of the piston is not changed. We can determine an average speed of rotation of the roller 8 for which the ash discharge rate through the grooves 81 corresponds to the average speed of advancement of the downstream part 44 of the layer and which depends on the speed of the piston taking into account , obviously, variations in the physical characteristics of the material during processing, in particular the density and compaction. For this average speed of the roller, the dumping slope takes the average position 45. If the speed of rotation of the roller is reduced, the evacuation rate also decreases and this results in a braking effect, the roller constituting an obstacle which must be crossed by matter. The slope then takes the position 46 indicated in dashes in the figure and which is substantially tangent to the roller 8 and the inclination of which depends on the angle (D) of natural dumping of the ashes. On the other hand, when the speed of rotation of the roller is increased, the ash discharge rate becomes greater than the arrival rate which corresponds to the average speed of advance and the slope takes position 47 of slightly concave shape, indicated in phantom in Figure 2.

Il en résulte que l'épaisseur minimale h de matières traversées par les gaz à l'extrémité inférieure de la grille 15 peut varier entre deux valeurs h, et h2 correspondant aux positions extrêmes 46 et 47 du talus selon la vitesse donnée au rouleau 8. Ainsi, en contrôlant le déversement de la matière et le débit d'évacuation grâce au rouleau 8, on dispose d'un moyen pour faire varier la hauteur h de matières traversées par les gaz et par conséquent le refroidissement de ceux- ci, les conditions de fonctionnement étant réglées, comme on l'a indiqué, de façon que les cendres conservent en fin de traitement une proportion minimale de carbone déterminant un abaissement de température par réaction endothermique.It follows that the minimum thickness h of materials traversed by the gases at the lower end of the grid 15 can vary between two values h, and h 2 corresponding to the extreme positions 46 and 47 of the slope according to the speed given to the roller 8 Thus, by controlling the discharge of the material and the evacuation rate by means of the roller 8, there is a means for varying the height h of materials traversed by the gases and consequently the cooling thereof, the operating conditions being regulated, as indicated, so that the ashes retain at the end of treatment a minimum proportion of carbon determining a lowering of temperature by endothermic reaction.

On a constaté empiriquement que, dans les conditions de fonctionnement normale et le rouleau étant entraîné à une vitesse qui correspond à la vitesse moyenne d'avancement de la matière, on pouvait considérer que la hauteur h de matière recouvrant l'extrémité aval de la grille était de l'ordre du double de la hauteur e de la partie du rouleau dépassant au-dessus du fond 13. C'est pourquoi, dans le cas où l'axe 80 du rouleau 8 est placé sensiblement dans le plan du fond 3, on donnera au rouleau 8 un diamètre de l'ordre de la hauteur de matière que l'on désire conserver au-dessus de la grille. Bien entendu, ceci dépend essentiellement des propriétés de la matière et l'on pourrait prévoir une possibilité de réglage en hauteur de l'axe 80 du rouleau.It has been empirically observed that, under normal operating conditions and the roller being driven at a speed which corresponds to the average speed of advancement of the material, it could be considered that the height h of material covering the downstream end of the grid was of the order of twice the height e of the part of the roll protruding above the bottom 13. This is why, in the case where the axis 80 of the roll 8 is placed substantially in the plane of the bottom 3, the roller 8 will be given a diameter of the order of the height of material which it is desired to keep above the grid. Of course, this essentially depends on the properties of the material and provision could be made for adjusting the height of the axis 80 of the roller.

Pour maintenir la température des gaz au-dessus de la grille au niveau souhaité, il est donc avantageux d'utiliser un dispositif de régulation permettant de contrôler la vitesse de rotation du rouleau 8 en fonction de la température des gaz. Ce dispositif peut comporter un comparateur 9. recevant la température mesurée par un capteur 91 placé au-dessous de la grille 15 pour la comparer à une température de référence t'. En fonction du résultat de cette comparaison, le comparateur 9 envoie un ordre à un organe 83 de réglage de la vitesse de rotation du moteur 82 d'entraînement du rouleau 8. Lorsque la température mesurée t dépasse sensiblement la température de référence t', le comparateur 9 envoie à l'organe de réglage 83 un ordre de ralentissement du rouleau 8 qui permet d'augmenter la hauteur de couche traversée et par conséquent le refroidissement des gaz. Lorsque la différence de température est jugée normale, le comparateur émet un ordre de retour à vitesse normale du rouleau 8.To maintain the temperature of the gases above the grid at the desired level, it is therefore advantageous to use a regulating device making it possible to control the speed of rotation of the roller 8 as a function of the temperature of the gases. This device may include a comparator 9. receiving the temperature measured by a sensor 91 placed below the grid 15 to compare it with a reference temperature t '. In as a function of the result of this comparison, the comparator 9 sends an order to a member 83 for adjusting the speed of rotation of the motor 82 for driving the roller 8. When the measured temperature t substantially exceeds the reference temperature t ', the comparator 9 sends the regulating member 83 an order to slow down the roller 8 which makes it possible to increase the height of the layer crossed and consequently the cooling of the gases. When the temperature difference is considered normal, the comparator issues a command to return to normal speed of the roller 8.

Normalement, si l'appareil est bien réglé, la température mesurée au-dessous de la grille ne devrait pas baisser anormalement au-dessous du niveau de référence t'. Si le comparateur détectait un abaissement de température anormale qui entraîne une baisse de rendement, il faudrait alors agir sur la vitesse d'avancement de la matière au moyen du piston 3.Normally, if the device is properly adjusted, the temperature measured below the grid should not drop abnormally below the reference level t '. If the comparator detected an abnormal lowering of temperature which leads to a reduction in yield, it would then be necessary to act on the speed of advance of the material by means of the piston 3.

Bien entendu, les proportions relatives de charbon de bois et de cendres restant à la fin du traitement dépendent de la nature du combustible qui peut produire une proportion de cendres allant de 5 à 20 %. Les conditions de fonctionnement étant déterminées en fonction de la nature du combustible et des caractéristiques de l'installation, le dispositif de régulation selon l'invention permet de contrôler le degré d'avancement du traitement et la température des gaz aspirés de façon à éviter un échauffement excessif de la grille 15. Grâce à la sécurité apportée par le rouleau de contrôle du déversement, on peut donc diminuer autant que possible la teneur en carbone des cendres et par conséquent atteindre un rendement de gazéification optimal.Of course, the relative proportions of charcoal and ash remaining at the end of the treatment depend on the nature of the fuel which can produce a proportion of ash ranging from 5 to 20%. The operating conditions being determined according to the nature of the fuel and the characteristics of the installation, the regulating device according to the invention makes it possible to control the degree of progress of the treatment and the temperature of the gases sucked up so as to avoid a excessive heating of the grate 15. Thanks to the security provided by the spill control roller, it is therefore possible to reduce the carbon content of the ashes as much as possible and consequently achieve an optimal gasification yield.

Mais le dispositif qui vient d'être décrit présente également d'autres avantages. Ainsi, les cendres en fusion forment, sur la surface 45 du talus, une croûte qui sera cassée et facilement évacuée par le rouleau 8.However, the device which has just been described also has other advantages. Thus, the molten ash forms, on the surface 45 of the slope, a crust which will be broken and easily removed by the roller 8.

En outre, on peut placer dans la paroi frontale 17 de la chambre de traitement 1 un hublot 19 qui permet d'observer le déversement de la matière sur le rouleau 8. Ainsi, on pourra reconnaître la présence de particules de charbon non converties et entraînées dans les cannelures 81 du rouleau et, dans ce cas, jouer sur la vitesse de rotation de celui-ci pour freiner l'avancement de la matière de façon à obtenir une conversion complète. On peut ainsi obtenir un épuisement quasi complet du carbone contenu dans la matière combustible en fin de zone de gazéification.In addition, one can place in the front wall 17 of the treatment chamber 1 a porthole 19 which makes it possible to observe the pouring of the material on the roller 8. Thus, one will be able to recognize the presence of particles of unconverted and entrained coal in the grooves 81 of the roller and, in this case, play on the speed of rotation of the latter to slow down the advancement of the material so as to obtain a complete conversion. One can thus obtain an almost complete exhaustion of the carbon contained in the combustible material at the end of the gasification zone.

De même, on peut surveiller et éviter la formation de cendres collantes qui pourraient gêner la progression de la matière et aller jusqu'à l'obstruction de la chambre de traitement 1.Likewise, it is possible to monitor and avoid the formation of sticky ash which could hinder the progress of the material and go as far as the obstruction of the treatment chamber 1.

Le gazogène à fond horizontal ou peu incliné qui vient d'être décrit convient bien au traitement de matières comportant une proportion de cendres relativement faible de l'ordre de 5 % comme, par exemple, le bois. Dans le cas de matières d'origines végétales contenant une proportion importante de cendres, par exemple de l'ordre de 20 %, comme dans le cas de la balle de riz compactée, il est préférable d'utiliser un gazogène dont le fond est incliné d'un angle important correspondant sensiblement à l'angle de déversement naturel de la matière de telle sorte que celle-ci avance sous l'action de son propre poids, sans utilisation d'un moyen de poussée, l'épaisseur et la vitesse d'avancement de la couche de matière dépendant alors du débit d'alimentation et du débit d'évacuation.The gasifier with a horizontal or slightly inclined bottom which has just been described is well suited for the treatment of materials comprising a relatively low proportion of ash on the order of 5%, such as, for example, wood. In the case of materials of plant origin containing a large proportion of ash, for example of the order of 20%, as in the case of the compacted rice husk, it is preferable to use a gasifier whose bottom is inclined of a large angle corresponding substantially to the natural angle of discharge of the material so that it advances under the action of its own weight, without the use of a thrust means, the thickness and the speed d advancement of the layer of material then dependent on the feed rate and the discharge rate.

Un tel gazogène a été représenté à titre d'exemple sur la figure 3.Such a gasifier has been shown by way of example in FIG. 3.

La chambre de réaction 1 est alors munie d'un fond 13 incliné d'un angle important, de l'ordre de 45° et est munie, au-dessus de l'extrémité supérieure 11 du fond 13, d'un orifice d'entrée 2 par lequel débouche une cheminée 21 permettant d'introduire la matière de façon continue.The reaction chamber 1 is then provided with a bottom 13 inclined at a large angle, of the order of 45 ° and is provided, above the upper end 11 of the bottom 13, with an orifice inlet 2 through which a chimney 21 opens allowing the material to be introduced continuously.

A l'extrémité aval 12 du fond 13, est placé un rouleau 8 qui peut être muni, comme on l'a décrit précédemment, de cannelures d'évacuation 81, mais qui dépasse au-dessus du niveau du fond 13 sur une hauteur correspondant sensiblement à celle de la couche de matière à son entrée dans la chambre. De la sorte, la matière introduite par l'orifice d'entrée 2 forme une couche d'épaisseur sensiblement uniforme jusqu'au rouleau d'évacuation 8.At the downstream end 12 of the bottom 13, a roller 8 is placed which can be provided, as described above, with evacuation grooves 81, but which protrudes above the level of the bottom 13 by a corresponding height substantially to that of the layer of material on entering the chamber. In this way, the material introduced through the inlet orifice 2 forms a layer of substantially uniform thickness up to the discharge roller 8.

On voit qu'une différence par rapport au mode de réalisation précédent réside dans le fait que épaisseur de matière traversée par les gaz reste sensiblement constante. En revanche, dans le cas décrit maintenant, la matière contient une proportion importante de cendres et par conséquent, en jouant sur le débit d'évacuation de celles-ci, on peut faire varier la teneur en carbone de la matière se trouvant au-dessus de la grille 15 de façon assez sensible pour agir sur la température des gaz mesurés au-dessous de la-grille.It can be seen that a difference compared to the previous embodiment lies in the fact that the thickness of the material through which the gases pass remains substantially constant. On the other hand, in the case described now, the material contains a significant proportion of ashes and therefore, by varying the evacuation rate of these, one can vary the carbon content of the material lying above of the grid 15 sensitive enough to act on the temperature of the gases measured below the grid.

On disposera donc, comme dans le cas précédent, d'un capteur de température 91 placé au-dessous de l'extrémité aval de la grille 15 et relié à un comparateur 9 qui pilote le moteur 82 du rouleau par l'intermédiaire d'un organe 83 de réglage de la vitesse de rotation.We will therefore have, as in the previous case, a temperature sensor 91 placed below the downstream end of the grid 15 and connected to a comparator 9 which controls the motor 82 of the roller via a member 83 for adjusting the speed of rotation.

Lorsque le comparateur 9 détecte une élévation anormale de température au-dessus de la température de référence t', le comparateur 9 détermine une augmentation de la vitesse de rotation du rouleau et par conséquent du débit d'évacuation des cendres. Celles-ci sont immédiatement remplacées par la matière se trouvant en amont et qui avance sous l'action de son propre poids. Cette matière, ayant subi un traitement moins poussé. possède une teneur en carbone supérieure qui détermine un abaissement de la température jusqu'au niveau souhaité. Le comparateur 9 ramène alors la vitesse du rouleau à la vitesse normale.When the comparator 9 detects an abnormal rise in temperature above the reference temperature t ′, the comparator 9 determines an increase in the speed of rotation of the roller and consequently in the ash removal rate. These are immediately replaced by the material located upstream and which advances under the action of its own weight. This material, having undergone a less thorough treatment. has a higher carbon content which determines a lowering of the temperature to the desired level. Comparator 9 then reduces the speed of the roller to normal speed.

Inversement. si le comparateur 9 détectait un abaissement de température correspondant à un traitement insuffisant de la matière, le comparateur 9 pourrait ralentir le rouleau et par conséquent le débit d'évacuation de la matière qui subirait alors un traitement plus poussé entraî-Conversely. if the comparator 9 detects a lowering of temperature corresponding to an insufficient treatment of the material, the comparator 9 could slow down the roller and consequently the rate of evacuation of the material which would then undergo a more thorough treatment entrain-

nant un abaissement de la te'neur en carbone et une élévation de la température des gaz aspirés jusqu'à un niveau normal. la vitesse de rotation du rouleau étant alors ramenée à sa valeur normale.nant a lowering of the carbon content and a rise in the temperature of the aspirated gases to a normal level. the speed of rotation of the roller then being reduced to its normal value.

On voit que le dispositif selon l'invention permet de s'adapter à des conditions de fonctionnement très différentes et l'on pourrait évidemment imaginer d'autres variantes.It can be seen that the device according to the invention makes it possible to adapt to very different operating conditions and one could obviously imagine other variants.

En outre, les dispositifs qui ont été décrits à titre d'exemple pourraient être remplacés par des moyens équivalents. C'est ainsi que le rouleau 8 de contrôle du déversement de la matière pourrait être muni, à 1 a place des cannelures 81, de filets hélicoïdaux pour former une vis sans fin qui serait placée dans le fond d'un godet. La matière se déplacerait alors parallèlement à l'axe du rouleau, c'est-à-dire transversalement à la direction du fond 13, l'évacuation se produisant par un orifice latéral placé à la hauteur du rouleau. Dans ce cas étalement, il serait possible de régler le débit d'évacuation des cendres et par conséquent de contrôler, dans une certaine mesure, le fonctionnement de l'installation en jouant sur la vitesse de rotation du rouleau en forme de vis sans fin.In addition, the devices which have been described by way of example could be replaced by equivalent means. Thus the roller 8 for controlling the discharge of the material could be provided, in place of the grooves 81, with helical threads to form an endless screw which would be placed in the bottom of a bucket. The material would then move parallel to the axis of the roller, that is to say transversely to the direction of the bottom 13, the evacuation occurring through a lateral orifice placed at the height of the roller. In this case spreading, it would be possible to adjust the ash discharge rate and therefore to control, to a certain extent, the operation of the installation by varying the speed of rotation of the roller in the form of an endless screw.

Claims (11)

1. Plant for treating a combustible material by circulating hot gases, comprising an elongated reaction chamber (1) having a flat bottom (13) and provided at an upstream end (2) with means for loading the material in the form of a layer (4) which moves along the flat bottom (13) as far as a downstream end (12) for discharging the treated material, the reaction chamber (1) being associated with at least one circuit for circulating hot gases through the layer (4) of material, which circuit has means (18) for introducing the hot gases above the layer (4) of material and means (6) for sucking the gases through at least one permeable section (15) arranged in the bottom (13), at least on the downstream side, which plant comprises an element (8) for controlling the flow of the treated material at an adjustable rate, which element is located so as to project in relation to the plane of the bottom (13) at the downstream end (16) of the latter, a means for measuring the temperature of the gases sucked in below the layer (4) of material at the downstream end (12) of the bottom (13) and a means for adjusting, via the control element (8), the rate at which the treated material is discharged. in accordance with the variations in the measured temperature t of the gases with respect to a predetermined level t' corresponding to the optimum operating conditions.
2. Treatment plant as claimed in claim 1. wherein the element for controlling the flow of the material consists of a roller (8) which extends, at the downstream end (12) of the bottom (13). transversely to the axis of the chamber (1) and which is mounted rotatably about a spindle and the upper part of which projects above the bottom so as to constitute an obstacle for the forward movement of the material (4).
3. Treatment plant as claimed in claim 2. wherein the roller (8) is provided on its periphery with hollow parts (81) capable of removing a predetermined quantity of material each time the roller (8) rotates, the latter being associated with a means (82, 83) for driving in rotation at an adjustable speed, this means constituting the means for adjusting the rate at which the material is discharged.
4. Treatment plant as claimed in claim 3, wherein the hollow parts (81) for removing the material consist of grooves which are made in the periphery of the roller (8), parallel to its axis, and are capable of scooping out the material when passing into the layer (4) so that the latter is discharged on the other side of the axis of the roller (8).
5. Treatment plant as claimed in claim 3, wherein the hollow parts (81) for removing material consist of helical threads forming an endless screw on the periphery of the roller (8) and causing removal of the material at an adjustable rate in a direction transverse to that of the bottom (13).
6. Treatment plant as claimed in claim 2, wherein the means for regulating the rate at which the material is discharged comprises a device (9) for adjusting the speed of rotation of the roller (8) in accordance with the downstream temperature of the gases as measured below the layer (4) of material.
7. Treatment plant as claimed in claim 6, wherein the device (9) for adjusting the speed of rotation of the roller (8) comprises a temperature sensor (91) located in the suction container (61) below the grating 15. a comparator (9) for comparing the measured temperature (t) with a displayed temperature (t') and an element (83) for adjusting the speed of the means (82) for driving the roller (8), which element is controlled by the comparator (9) so as to bring about a variation in the speed of rotation of the roller (8), with respect to a reference value, in the direction capable of causing the measured temperature (t) to return to the displayed temperature (t') in accordance with the operating conditions.
8. Treatment plant as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the reaction chamber (1) has a bottom (13) inclined. relative to the horizontal. at an angle less than that causing the natural advance of the material and is associated with a means (3) for pushing the material so as to move forward at a substantially constant speed.
9. Treatment plant as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the reaction chamber has a bottom (13) inclined, relative to the horizontal, at an angle greater than that causing the natural advance of the material due to gravity and wherein the flow control element projects above the bottom (13) at a height (e) susbstantially equal to that of the layer of material.
10. Method for controlling the degree of treatment of a combustible material in a treatment plant according to claim 8, wherein, the discharge rate of the flow control element (8) being regulated for optimum operating conditions in accordance with the speed at which the layer of material moves forward, the downstream temperature (t) of the gases below the layer (4) of material at the downstream end (12) is continuously measured and wherein, in the event of a reference temperature (t') corresponding to the required degree of treatment being exceed, a command is given for the rate at which the treated material is discharged to be decreased, thereby causing an increase in the height of the layer and a lowering of the measured downstream temperature t to the reference level (t'), the discharge rate thus being returned to its normal value.
11. Method for controlling the degree of treatment of a combustible material in a plant according to claim 9, wherein, the discharge rate of the flow control element (8) being regulated for optimum operating conditions, the downstream temperature of the gases below the layer (4) of material at the downstream end (12) is continuously measured and wherein, in the event of a reference temperature corresponding to the required degree of treatment being exceeded, a command is given for the rate of discharge to be increased, thereby causing an increase in the carbon content of the material at the downstream end (12) and a lowering of the measured downstream temperature to the reference level, the discharge rate thus returning to its normal value.
EP84401970A 1983-10-07 1984-10-03 Installation for the treatmet of fuel material, and its operating mode Expired EP0140763B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84401970T ATE31546T1 (en) 1983-10-07 1984-10-03 DEVICE FOR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL AND ITS FUNCTIONING.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8315969 1983-10-07
FR8315969A FR2553097B1 (en) 1983-10-07 1983-10-07 FUEL MATERIAL PROCESSING INSTALLATION AND METHOD OF OPERATION

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0140763A2 EP0140763A2 (en) 1985-05-08
EP0140763A3 EP0140763A3 (en) 1985-06-19
EP0140763B1 true EP0140763B1 (en) 1987-12-23

Family

ID=9292918

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84401970A Expired EP0140763B1 (en) 1983-10-07 1984-10-03 Installation for the treatmet of fuel material, and its operating mode

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0140763B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE31546T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8405025A (en)
DE (1) DE3468232D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2553097B1 (en)
IN (1) IN161380B (en)
ZA (1) ZA847485B (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2916760B1 (en) 2007-06-01 2010-12-24 Isaac Behar MODULE, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HORIZONTAL FIXED BED BIOMASS TREATMENT

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4030895A (en) * 1976-03-17 1977-06-21 Caughey Robert A Apparatus for producing combustible gases from carbonaceous materials
US4095958A (en) * 1977-06-21 1978-06-20 Forest Fuels, Inc. Apparatus and method for producing combustible gases from biomass material
US4268274A (en) * 1979-07-09 1981-05-19 Forest Fuels, Inc. Gasification retort
FR2487847A1 (en) * 1980-07-30 1982-02-05 Cneema PROCESS AND PLANT FOR GASIFICATION OF MATERIALS OF PLANT ORIGIN

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2553097B1 (en) 1985-12-27
ATE31546T1 (en) 1988-01-15
BR8405025A (en) 1985-08-20
EP0140763A3 (en) 1985-06-19
DE3468232D1 (en) 1988-02-04
EP0140763A2 (en) 1985-05-08
IN161380B (en) 1987-11-21
ZA847485B (en) 1985-06-26
FR2553097A1 (en) 1985-04-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
FR2478805A1 (en) PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING DRILLING DEBRIS
WO1994024060A1 (en) Device for processing and vitrifying waste
EP0067085A1 (en) Process and apparatus for feeding combustible material to a combustion room
EP0140763B1 (en) Installation for the treatmet of fuel material, and its operating mode
EP0095427A1 (en) Process for regulating a heat exchanger thermal transfer coefficient, and heat exchanger for carrying out such a process
CA1303356C (en) Thermoplastic fibers, particularly glass fibers, fabrication process and apparatus
EP0665407A1 (en) System for the injection of sludge for incineration in an incinerating oven, corresponding method of operation, use and oven
EP0011037B1 (en) Process for gasification and device for such process
FR2507744A1 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DOSED EVACUATION, IN PARTICULAR BINDING HOT ASHES, FROM TURBULENT LAYER REACTORS AND FLUIDIZED LAYER FIREPLACES
EP0094893B1 (en) Process and installation for solid small-sized materials
EP0126001B1 (en) Process and apparatus for the treatment of fuel in a fluidized bed
FR2572390A1 (en) IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOD IN STRETCH MATERIAL IN MINERAL FIBER PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES
EP0065459B1 (en) Process and apparatus for feeding a gas generator
FR2462398A1 (en) PREHEATER FOR COMPACT VITRIFIABLE MATERIAL
EP0491611A1 (en) Method for treatment of silica fumes with a view to bleaching them and apparatus for carrying out this method
BE390095A (en)
BE556703A (en)
EP0033284A1 (en) Process and device for the preparation of an ore mixture in an agglomerating plant
FR2683027A1 (en) LOAD REGULATION METHOD AND DEVICE FOR BOILER WITH MECHANICAL GRID.
CA2059438A1 (en) Process and device for the production of mineral fibers
FR2496698A1 (en) Reclaiming heat from ore sintering belt - where gases collected by suction boxes in cooling zone of belt are recycled to ignition hood
FR2691158A1 (en) Carbon@ black prodn. from waste rubber - uses degradation without burning in reactor cylinder having specific entry entry and exit temps. followed by sepn. and granulation
EP0351393A2 (en) Method for controlling the transverse burning homogeneity of a sinter bed
BE825566A (en) GASIFICATION PROCESS AND APPARATUS INCLUDING A PERFECTED ARRANGEMENT FOR CONTINUOUS EVACUATION OF ASH FROM A PRESSURIZED COAL GAS
BE532757A (en)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19850507

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19861010

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 31546

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19880115

Kind code of ref document: T

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: JACOBACCI & PERANI S.P.A.

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3468232

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19880204

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19881031

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19890921

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19890930

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19891005

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19891013

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19891017

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 19891020

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19891030

Year of fee payment: 6

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19891031

Year of fee payment: 6

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19891115

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19901003

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19901003

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19901004

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19901031

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19901031

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19901031

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: CREUSOT-LOIRE

Effective date: 19901031

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19910501

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19910628

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19910702

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 84401970.3

Effective date: 19910603