Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
  • H01B1/14—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
  • H01B1/16—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
  • H01B1/14—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
  • H01B1/18—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon

Definitions

• the invention relates thus electrically conductive filler, obtainable by pyrolysing a mixture of at least one metal p hthalocyanin and at least one inorganic filler.
• Suitable metal phthalocyanines are, for example, copper, iron, nickel, aluminum, cobalt, manganese, tin, silicon, germanium, lead, titanium, chromium, uranium, magnesium, vanadium, molybdenum or zinc phthalocyanine, mixtures of two or more different metal phthalocyanines also being possible.
• the metal phthalocyanines can also be mixed with metal-free phthalocyanines.
• metal phthalocyanines substituted with sulfonic acid, sulfonamide, sulfoester, alkyl, aryl, aryl ether or thioether residues can be used in fine or coarse form.
• the metal phthalocyanine used is preferably copper, nickel, cobalt or iron phthalocyanine, but very preferably copper phthalocyanine, for economic reasons in particular the crude ⁇ -form of copper phthalocyanine.
• Suitable inorganic fillers are in particular glass, quartz, clay minerals, feldspar, silicates, carbonates, rock flour, clay, oxides or sulfates, which can be synthetic or natural materials, such as e.g. Quartz powder, mica, talc, feldspar, perlite, basalt, asbestos, slate flour, kaolin, wollastonite, chalk powder, dolomite, gypsum, lava, magnesium carbonate, heavy spar, bentone, silicic acid airgel, lithopone, diatoms, metal oxides such as magnesium, aluminum, titanium , Zinc, iron, boron, nickel, chromium, zirconium, vanadium, tin, cobalt, antimony, bismuth or manganese oxides, as well as their mixed oxides, also metal sulfides such as zinc, silver or cadmium sulfide , Glass powder, glass balls, glass fibers, silicon carbide or cristobalite.
• the fillers mentioned can be
• Aluminum oxide, wollastonite, titanium dioxide, mica, iron oxide or quartz, in particular finely divided quartz, are preferably used as fillers.
• electrically conductive fillers in which the inorganic filler is crystalline or amorphous quartz with a particle size of 0.01 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 200 ⁇ m.
• the electrically conductive fillers can be prepared by intimately mixing the pigment to be pyrolyzed and the inorganic filler dry or in an aqueous suspension, optionally with grinding, and then, if working in an aqueous suspension, filtering and drying. If necessary, the inorganic filler can be added during the synthesis of the metal phthalocyanine.
• the pigment to be pyrolyzed are preferably used per 100 parts by weight of dry starting mixture.
• the mixture of inorganic filler and metal phthalocyanine thus obtained is then pyrolyzed, the inorganic filler being coated with pyrolyzed pigment.
• the pyrolysis can be carried out at 0.5 to 20 bar, preferably at normal pressure in air, inert gas, in air with increased oxygen content or in hydrogen gas. Pressure, gas and temperature increase as a function of time are usually chosen so that the pigment is as high as possible
• Air or nitrogen are particularly suitable as the gas.
• the pyrolysis takes place at temperatures of 650 to 2500 ° C, preferably 800 - 1200 ° C.
• temperatures 650 to 2500 ° C, preferably 800 - 1200 ° C.
• heating a 1: 1 mixture of quartz powder / Cu phthalocyanine in air to 1050 ° C (at normal pressure) gives a product consisting of approx. 61% by weight of silicon dioxide, 30% by weight of carbon, 6.4% by weight.
• the electrical conductivity at room temperature is approximately 10 ⁇ -1 cm -1 .
• the pyrolysis product is obtained in continuous or loose, dark gray to black solid mass and is usually broken and pulverized.
• the electrically conductive fillers according to the invention are particularly suitable for incorporation into high-molecular organic or inorganic material.
• Suitable high-molecular organic materials are e.g. Cellulose ethers and esters, such as ethyl cellulose, acetyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, polyamides, copolyamides, polyethers and polyether amides, polyurethanes or polyesters, natural resins or synthetic resins, in particular urea and melamine / formaldehyde resins, epoxy resins, alkyd resins, phenoplasts, polyacetals, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl -stearate, -benzoate, -maleate, polyvinyl butyral, polyallyl phthalate, polyallyl melamine and their copolymers, polyphenyl oxides, polysulfones, halogen-containing vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvin
• the high molecular weight compounds mentioned can exist as plastic masses, melts or solutions.
• the electrically conductive fillers can be added to the high molecular weight organic material by the methods customary in industry, before or during shaping, or as a dispersion or in the form of preparations. Depending on the intended use, other substances can be added, e.g. Light stabilizers, heat stabilizers, plasticizers, binders, pigments and / or dyes, carbon black, flame retardants or other fillers.
• the electrically conductive filler according to the invention is preferably used in an amount of 0.5 to 70, preferably 15 to 60 percent by weight (per total mixture).
• the additives can also be added before or during the polymerization.
• Epoxy resins which are hardened with dicarboxylic acid anhydrides are preferably used as resin / hardener components,
• the electrically conductive fillers according to the invention can be incorporated, e.g. Cement, concrete, glasses, ceramic materials, inorganic polymers, such as polysilicic acid or polyphosphoric acid derivatives, mentioned alone or in a mixture with organic polymers, such as asphalt.
• the electrically conductive fillers according to the invention are preferably used in an amount of 5 to 70, preferably 15 to 60 percent by weight (per total mixture).
• plastic systems with excellent mechanical and electrical properties can be produced economically. They have a reinforcing effect on the carrier material and are characterized by good electrical conductivity. Certain plastics, for example epoxy resins, containing the fillers according to the invention also have a constant electrical conductivity over a wide temperature range.
• Casting resin compositions for example epoxy casting resins, containing the fillers produced according to the invention also have good processing properties even with high conductivity (for example no or only low thixotropy) and lead to molded parts without a reduction in the mechanical properties.
• high conductivity for example no or only low thixotropy
• the fillers obtained according to the invention can be incorporated into plastics in a mixture with metals, for example in the form of powders, chips or fibers.
• the metal to be used for this and its concentration depend on the area of application and should not impair the mechanical properties and the resistance, for example, to the decomposition of the plastic products produced with it. It is about for example around steel fibers and / or aluminum flakes. Instead of metals, carbon fibers can also be used.
• the electrical conductivity can be specifically adjusted by dilution with the fillers listed on page 2 or by adding graded amounts of the fillers according to the invention in such plastics or in inorganic materials, for example in such a way that electrically partially conductive compositions are formed. This is particularly important for controlling electrical fields and / or for reducing surface or space charges.
• the electrically conductive fillers according to the invention are not only suitable for the production of antistatic and electrically conductive polymer compositions, plastic articles and coatings. They can also be used to manufacture batteries and other objects in microelectronics, in or as sensors, as catalysts for certain chemical reactions, for the production of solar collectors, for shielding sensitive electronic components and high-frequency fields [EMI-shielding], for equipotential bonding and glow protection higher load capacity of electrical systems and machines, for controlling electrical fields and charges in electrical devices or as surface heating conductors.
• EMI-shielding shielding sensitive electronic components and high-frequency fields
• Example 1 90 parts of quartz powder W1® from SIHELCO AG (CH-Birsfelden) are mixed well with 90 parts of crude ⁇ -copper phthalocyanine for 30 minutes on a Turbula machine from WA Bachofen (CH-Basel). The mixture is heated in a quartz glass vessel, the lid of which has a small opening, in an oven to 1050 ° C within 6 hours. After 0.5 hours at this temperature, the mixture is cooled and 157 parts of a gray-black, solid mass are obtained, which is pulverized in a laboratory mixer. The powder has one Composition of 61.5% by weight Si0 2 , 30% by weight C, 6.5% by weight Cu and 2% by weight XN. The electrical conductivity, measured on the compressed powder, is 10 Scm -1 at room temperature (2 electrode measurement on micropressling).
• Example 5 50 parts of W1® from SIHELCO AG (CH-Birsfelden) are mixed well with 50 parts of nickel phthalocyanine for 30 minutes on a Turbula machine from WA Bachofen (CH-Basel). The mixture is heated in a quartz glass vessel, the lid of which has a small opening, to 1000 ° C. in an oven within 6 hours. The mixture is kept at 1000 ° C. for 1 hour and then allowed to cool to room temperature. This gives 86.2 parts of a gray-black solid mass which is powdered. The electrical conductivity of the powder thus obtained is 12 Scm -1 at room temperature.
• Example 12 270 parts of a filler produced analogously to Example 1, made from 135 parts of W12® quartz powder from SIHELCO AG and 135 parts of the electroconductive powder obtained according to Example 1, are converted into 100 parts of Araldit CY 225 0 (modified bisphenol A epoxy resin with a Molecular weight of 380) and 80 parts of the hardener HY 925® (modified dicarboxylic anhydride). The mixture is heated to 80 ° C., homogenized with a paddle stirrer and vented for 3 minutes. The mixture is then poured into molds preheated to 80 ° C. and cured for 4 hours at 80 ° C. and for 8 hours at 140 ° C. (DIN No. 16945).
• Araldit CY 225 0 modified bisphenol A epoxy resin with a Molecular weight of 380
• HY 925® modified dicarboxylic anhydride
• EXAMPLE 14 25 parts of the product obtained according to Example 1, 37.5 parts of polyethylene wax AC-617® from Allied Chemicals and 125 parts of sodium chloride are kneaded at 80-110 ° C. for 6 hours in a 300-part laboratory kneader. Then 62.5 parts of MOPLEN MOB-120® from Montecatini are poured into the plasticine is working. The kneading compound is cooled to 30 ° C. in the running kneader, a gray-black powdery mass is formed, which is finely pulverized with approx. 3 liters of water on a FRYMA toothed colloid mill Z 050.
• the suspension obtained is filtered off and the presscake is washed free of chloride with water.
• the product obtained is dried in a vacuum drying cabinet at 50-60 ° C. 120 parts of a fine, loose, gray-black polyolefin preparation are obtained, which after extrusion on a laboratory extruder (Temp.:Zone 1: 160 ° C; Zone 2: 190 ° C; Zone 3: 220 ° C; Zone 4: 170 ° C) thermoplastic mass results.
• This mass has an electrical volume resistance of approx. 4 10 5 ⁇ cm, and is excellently suited for the production of injection molded articles or fibers.
• EXAMPLE 15 32 parts of the product obtained according to Example 1, 48 parts of DYNAPOL® L 206 from DYNAMIT-NOBEL, 160 parts of sodium chloride and 25-32 parts by volume of diacetone alcohol are mixed in a 300-part laboratory kneader for about 5 hours kneaded at 80 ° C. Water is then added dropwise in the running kneader and at the same time cooled until the kneading mass is converted into granules. The granules are ground on a FRYMA dental colloid mill Z 050 with plenty of water, filtered off, the press cake obtained is washed salt-free with water and then dried in a vacuum drying cabinet at 65-70 ° C. A gray-black powdery mass is obtained, which is extruded into a cord on a laboratory extruder and then granulated on a chopping machine. The 40% polyester preparation thus obtained has an electrical volume resistance of 10 4 to 105 ⁇ cm.
• EXAMPLE 16 If the procedure is analogous to that of Example 1, but using 5 parts of quartz powder W instead of 90 parts and 95 parts of ⁇ -copper phthalocyanine instead of 90 parts, a product containing about 12% by weight of copper is obtained. It is an excellent catalyst for the reaction described in Example 17 for the preparation of an anthraquinoid wool dye.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

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• 1984
  • 1984-06-29 US US06/626,508 patent/US4554094A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1984-07-02 DE DE8484810326T patent/DE3468769D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1984-07-02 EP EP84810326A patent/EP0131544B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1984-07-04 FI FI842682A patent/FI76102C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1984-07-06 NO NO842777A patent/NO161224C/no unknown
  • 1984-07-06 CA CA000458288A patent/CA1217043A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1984-07-09 AU AU30390/84A patent/AU561786B2/en not_active Ceased

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