EP0128830A1 - Prefabricated constructions and their component parts - Google Patents

Prefabricated constructions and their component parts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0128830A1
EP0128830A1 EP84401173A EP84401173A EP0128830A1 EP 0128830 A1 EP0128830 A1 EP 0128830A1 EP 84401173 A EP84401173 A EP 84401173A EP 84401173 A EP84401173 A EP 84401173A EP 0128830 A1 EP0128830 A1 EP 0128830A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component according
face
panel
sheet
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
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EP84401173A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0128830B1 (en
Inventor
Guy Lemerre
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from FR8309353A external-priority patent/FR2546943B1/en
Priority claimed from FR8401323A external-priority patent/FR2558871B2/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT84401173T priority Critical patent/ATE29268T1/en
Publication of EP0128830A1 publication Critical patent/EP0128830A1/en
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Publication of EP0128830B1 publication Critical patent/EP0128830B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/14—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/344—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground

Definitions

  • the invention relates to constructions of the type of individual houses, clinics, schools, etc., generally on one or two levels, having inclined and flat roofs, and produced by prefabrication, that is to say whose exterior walls are made from factory-made components, each of which extends at least the full height of a room.
  • the invention makes possible a particularly economical realization of relatively high-rise constructions of the kind indicated above using a very small number of high-rise prefabricated panels essentially based on wood, panels which are both specially light and resistant and therefore easy to transport despite their large dimensions.
  • the prefabricated components according to the invention constituted by curved flat self-supporting panels containing a thermally insulating material and suitable for each forming a vertical section of the assembly formed by an exterior wall of the construction and by the roof panel extending this wall upwards, are essentially characterized according to the invention in that they are in the form of '' a wooden frame with a closed contour defining two flat sides connected together according to a V, this frame being delimited laterally by two frames made at least partly of glulam and folded in V whose deployed length is greater than 5m, and each panel being closed by two parallel flat facings of which at least the one disposed outside is made of plywood.
  • the invention includes, apart from these main provisions, certain other provisions which are preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly discussed below.
  • FIGS'9, 10 and 11 schematically show in partial transverse vertical sections three variants of constructions established in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 12 is a partial horizontal section of Figure 9 along XII-XII.
  • Each panel called “shell” in the following, is prefabricated in the factory and has the general shape of an elongated rectangle, curved in V, the fold line of the V extending along the width of this rectangle.
  • This width of the rectangle is less than or equal to 2.50 m so as to allow transport by road, this width being notably equal to 30, 120 or 180 cm.
  • Its length is relatively large, being more than 5 m and being able to reach or exceed 10 m.
  • the thickness of the hulls considered is generally between 8 and 25 cm.
  • Each shell 1 is folded in a V at an angular elbow with a small radius of curvature as visible at 3 in FIGS. 1 to 3, which defines two flat sections 8 and 9 on either side of this elbow 3, one vertical lower 8 intended to constitute a wall and the other oblique upper 9 intended to constitute a flat roof pan.
  • the folding angle can be chosen over a wide range from 30 to 90 °.
  • each construction uses a plurality of similarly folded shells intended to be assembled side by side to form one of the facades of the construction, surmounted by the associated roofing panel, these similar shells can be easily stacked on top of each other in view of their transport, the batteries thus obtained then having a very small overall size.
  • a joint in the vicinity of the elbow of each shell so as to make it possible to fold the two sides of this shell against each other: such a joint, materialized by a hinge located at the inner face of the V, has been illustrated at 53 in FIG. 11.
  • This hinge 53 is of course supplemented by suitable means for locking the hull in its deployed state when it is put in place for sight to carry out a construction.
  • the hulls are fitted with most of the accessories they will have to understand in order to play their final role as a piece of wall and cover in the finished construction, accessories such as frames, preferably in wood, delimiting openings and fitted with picture windows 62 (fig. 10) , whether or not open, of dormer windows or dogs sitting 63, or of double portholes with intermediate blinds, door frames, electrical installations, plumbing for domestic water and possibly heating, support plates 14 for intermediate floors 13 ...
  • accessories such as frames, preferably in wood, delimiting openings and fitted with picture windows 62 (fig. 10) , whether or not open, of dormer windows or dogs sitting 63, or of double portholes with intermediate blinds, door frames, electrical installations, plumbing for domestic water and possibly heating, support plates 14 for intermediate floors 13 ...
  • Each hull is in the general form of a wooden frame 37 (fig. 6) delimited laterally by two members 38 bent in a V and above and below by horizontal crosspieces 39.
  • the chassis 37 is closed by flat parallel facing plates 43.
  • Each outer plate 43 is made of a weather-resistant plywood and each inner plate 43 is preferably also made of plywood, but could also be made of any other suitable material such as agglomerated particles, plastic reinforced with fibers. glass or other, canvas impregnated with resin, metal, cardboard, plaster ...
  • These plates 43 can be treated at least superficially and / or coated with any desirable protective layer or covering (paint, varnish, plaster, etc.).
  • Said plates 43 are glued and stapled on the frames and possibly on the crosspieces so as to be integral with the chassis and to contribute to the holding and the strength of the hull.
  • the internal volume of the chassis 37 is lined, at least in part, by a mattress 44 having good qualities of thermal and possibly acoustic insulation, this mattress being for example made of a felt or a flexible or semi-rigid plastic foam.
  • An air space can be provided between this mattress 44 and one of the facings 43.
  • the mattress 44 can be interrupted, as well as the corresponding facing portions 43, over a certain height of the shell, in particular in its upper zone, for lighting and possibly ventilation purposes, which gives the zone concerned a pergola look.
  • the volume thus released can be occupied by a glazing, possibly shifted upwards if it is an inclined zone on the vertical.
  • Each frame 38, 40 is constituted by two straight plugs in solid glued-laminated wood joined together by means of a key 45 also in glulam.
  • each spar on the key 45 is carried out by gluing and cutting, that is to say by mutual nesting of complementary teeth 46 (fig. 7) cut in the mutual sections opposite the lamellae making up these two elements.
  • These teeth 46 advantageously have the shape of pointed triangular saw teeth as can be seen in FIG. 7.
  • the mean plane of each constituent slat of each lower spar is vertical and the mean plane of each constituent slat of each key 45 is inclined on the vertical of a angle which is equal to half of the angle A of inclination on the vertical of the mean plane of each lamella constituting each upper spar.
  • the horizontal crosspieces 39, 41 and 42 are formed by solid wood pieces.
  • That 42, of these crosspieces, located at the level of the fold line X of the shell connects the different keys 45 together.
  • said cross member 42 is composed of two half-cross members arranged in the extension of one another and each extending horizontally between the central key comprised by said intermediate member 40 and the key included by a side member 38 and each half-cross member is fixed to the two corresponding ⁇ keys by nailing and / or gluing.
  • This shape can be that of a curved tile or portion of a cylinder of revolution.
  • said shape is that of a truss or a horizontal edge dihedron whose apex angle is additional to angle A.
  • the external closure of the hull can be carried out using two completely flat facing each extending to the horizontal edge of the farm, the mutual juxtaposition of these two facing being carried out along this edge.
  • the juxtaposition zone of these facings is advantageously covered by a sheet 47 (fig. 8), in particular in aluminum, folded according to a V whose opening is equal to that of the truss, the two wings of this sheet being fixed respectively on the two flat areas of the truss by nailing or stapling fage in 48 with interposition of the juxtaposed edges of the two facing in question.
  • the upper edge of the sheet 47 is preferably arranged so as to avoid any introduction of rainwater between it and the facing that it covers, possibly being associated for this purpose with a suitable joint or joint cover.
  • the internal closing of the hull can also be carried out using two flat facing each interrupted at the level of the keys 45 (see fig. 6), that is to say at a small distance from the cross-member 42, as visible in figure 8.
  • Each of these last two fastenings is preferably carried out on a side of one of the above cross braces 41.
  • the assembly obtained in the manner described above between the two flat sections constituting the hull folded in a V shape is very solid and makes it possible to give the upper oblique section a large horizontal span, which is surprising for a wooden structure.
  • At least two of these shells are erected in such a way that they each have a vertical base 8, that the two bases are parallel and that the oblique upper sections 9 of the two panels are turned towards each other and bear against each other (fig. 2 and 3).
  • each base 8 is mounted on a foundation block 10, preferably by means of a flexible support 11 forming a semi-articulation and the mutual support of the upper sections 9 is advantageously carried out at a joint 12 horizontal axis H forming a hinge.
  • the triangulated assembly thus obtained which forms a kind of "arch", can undergo slight deformations when subjected to external forces of great intensity such as those due to the occurrence of a strong wind or a storm or even a seismic shaking of the ground: the said assembly is able to withstand such efforts without excessive local stresses which may cause deterioration or fractures.
  • the assembly method considered is particularly advantageous in the context of the use of the very light V-shaped hulls described above: it in fact makes it possible to significantly increase the overall robustness of the building to the point of making it comparable. to that of a building of the same dimensions constructed with classic materials that are much heavier, generally being at least five times heavier, and much more content.
  • the thickness of the triangular "arches” defined above is multiplied by juxtaposing laterally against the hulls constituting these arches of other similar hulls, which forms vaulted works made up of several juxtaposed arches.
  • the mutual lateral assemblies of the various constituent panels of the facades and gables are provided in a sealed manner vis-à-vis rainwater and preferably vis-à-vis heat and sound.
  • an intermediate floor 13 is provided, supported by brackets 14 provided waiting on the shells 1 so as to form a stage.
  • the two constituent shells folded in a V have unequal heights and bear one against the other at the level of two articulations 12 and 12 1 which are both carried by a central wall 15 extending parallel to the bases 8 of these two panels.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 An embodiment of upper articulation has been illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • Each joint is surmounted by a joint cover or cap 20 constituted in particular by a sheet folded in an inverted V, with the interposition of a filling mass 21 making it possible to complete the sealing and the thermal insulation of the roof, this mass being by example made of glass wool.
  • the manufacture of the shells 1 folded in a V above can be used to bring in the factory on the outside face of these shells a sheet 54 (fig. 9 and 12) kept parallel to this face by spacers. 55 arranged to delimit a set of parallel channels 56 extending over the entire height of the hull.
  • the spacers 55 may be longitudinal ribs integral with the sheet 54.
  • the channels 56 in question can be used in any desirable manner to guide the circulation, natural or forced, of an ascending air stream or downward allowing ventilation and / or air conditioning of volume V.
  • the outer surface of the sheet 54 can be provided with attachment means for covering or covering elements such as tiles, facade panels, etc., means such as fins 57 integral with said sheet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

Un composant de construction préfabriqué constitué par un panneau autoporteur plat recourbé en V propre à former une tranche verticale de l'ensemble composé par un mur extérieur de la construction et par le pan de toiture prolongeant ce mur vers le haut est caractérisé en ce qu'il se présente sous la forme d'un châssis en bois (37) à contour fermé définissant deux pans plats raccordés entre eux selon un V, ce châssis étant délimité latéralement par des membrures en lamellé-collé (38) recourbées en V dont la longueur déployée est supérieure à 5 m, et chaque pan étant fermé par deux parements plats parallèles (43) dont au moins celui disposé à l'extérieur est constitué en contreplaqué.A prefabricated building component constituted by a flat self-supporting panel curved in V suitable for forming a vertical section of the assembly composed by an exterior wall of the construction and by the roofing panel extending this wall upwards is characterized in that it is in the form of a wooden frame (37) with a closed contour defining two flat sides connected together according to a V, this frame being delimited laterally by glulam frames (38) curved in V whose length deployed is greater than 5 m, and each panel being closed by two parallel flat facings (43) of which at least the one disposed outside is made of plywood.

Description

L'invention est relative aux constructions du genre des maisons individuelles, cliniques, écoles..., généralement à un ou deux niveaux, présentant des toitures inclinées et planes, et réalisées par préfabrication, c'est-à-dire dont les murs extérieurs sont constitués à l'aide de composants fabriqués en usine, chacun de ces éléments s'étendant au moins sur toute la hauteur d'une pièce.The invention relates to constructions of the type of individual houses, clinics, schools, etc., generally on one or two levels, having inclined and flat roofs, and produced by prefabrication, that is to say whose exterior walls are made from factory-made components, each of which extends at least the full height of a room.

Elle vise également lesdits composants préfabriqués.It also relates to said prefabricated components.

Il a déjà été proposé de constituer des composants préfabriqués de constructions par des panneaux autoporteurs plats recourbés contenant un matériau thermiquement isolant et propres à former chacun une tranche verticale de l'ensemble composé par un mur extérieur de la construction et par le pan de toiture prolongeant ce mur vers le haut, chaque panneau une fois dressé prenant appui par sa tranche supérieure contre un panneau semblable dressé en regard de lui de façon à former une arche.It has already been proposed to constitute prefabricated components of constructions by curved flat self-supporting panels containing a thermally insulating material and capable of each forming a vertical section of the assembly composed by an exterior wall of the construction and by the extending roof panel. this wall upwards, each panel once erected bearing by its upper edge against a similar panel erected opposite it so as to form an arch.

Mais ces panneaux, délimités par deux feuilles courbes parallèles en matière plastique et non encadrés, per-mettaient tout au plus de construire des serres de faible hauteur à contour arrondi.But these panels, delimited by two parallel curved sheets of plastic material and not framed, allowed at most to build greenhouses of low height with rounded outline.

L'invention rend possible une réalisation particulièrement économique des constructions de relativement grande hauteur du genre indiqué ci-dessus à l'aide d'un très petit nombre de panneaux préfabriqués de grande hauteur essentiellement à base de bois, panneaux qui sont à la fois spécialement légers et résistants et donc faciles à transporter malgré leurs grandes dimensions.The invention makes possible a particularly economical realization of relatively high-rise constructions of the kind indicated above using a very small number of high-rise prefabricated panels essentially based on wood, panels which are both specially light and resistant and therefore easy to transport despite their large dimensions.

A cet effet, les composants préfabriqués selon l'invention, constitués par des panneaux autoporteurs plats recourbés contenant un matériau thermiquement isolant et propres à former chacun une tranche verticale de l'ensemble formé par un mur extérieur de la construction et par le pan de toiture prolongeant ce mur vers le haut, sont essentiellement caractérisés selon l'invention en ce qu'ils se présentent sous la forme d'un châssis en bois à contour fermé définissant deux pans plats raccordés entre eux selon un V, ce châssis étant délimité latéralement par deux membrures constituées au moins en partie en lamellé-collé et pliées en V dont la longueur déployée est supérieure à 5m,et chaque pan étant fermé par deux parements plats parallèles dont au moins celui disposé à l'extérieur est constitué en contre-plaqué.To this end, the prefabricated components according to the invention, constituted by curved flat self-supporting panels containing a thermally insulating material and suitable for each forming a vertical section of the assembly formed by an exterior wall of the construction and by the roof panel extending this wall upwards, are essentially characterized according to the invention in that they are in the form of '' a wooden frame with a closed contour defining two flat sides connected together according to a V, this frame being delimited laterally by two frames made at least partly of glulam and folded in V whose deployed length is greater than 5m, and each panel being closed by two parallel flat facings of which at least the one disposed outside is made of plywood.

Dans des modes de réalisation préférés, on a recours en outre à l'une et/ou à l'autre des dispositions suivantes :In preferred embodiments, use is also made of one and / or the other of the following arrangements:

  • - la longueur déployée de chaque membrure latérale pliée en V atteint ou même dépasse 10 m,- the deployed length of each V-folded side member reaches or even exceeds 10 m,
  • - chacune des deux membrures pliées qui délimitent latéralement le châssis en bois est constituée par deux longerons droits en bois assemblés par enturage et collage sur une clé intermédiaire elle-même en lamellé-collé,- each of the two folded frames which laterally delimit the wooden frame is constituted by two straight wooden beams assembled by cutting and gluing on an intermediate key itself in glulam,
  • - les deux membrures latérales pliées selon l'alinéa précédent sont solidarisées entre elles par des traverses horizontales en bois massif dont l'une relie les deux clés comprises par ces membrures,- the two side members folded according to the preceding paragraph are joined together by horizontal solid wood crosspieces, one of which connects the two keys included by these members,
  • -- dans un composant selon l'alinéa précédent, la continuité de la face interne de la zone de pliure est obtenue à l'aide d'une feuille en contre-plaqué cintrée fixée sur le bord inférieur du parement interne supérieur, sur le bord supérieur du parement interne inférieur et sur la traverse reliant les deux clés,- in a component according to the preceding paragraph, the continuity of the internal face of the bending zone is obtained using a curved plywood sheet fixed on the lower edge of the upper internal facing, on the edge upper of the lower internal facing and on the crosspiece connecting the two keys,
  • - dans un composant selon au moins l'alinéa qui précède le précédent, la continuité de la face externe de la zone de pliure est obtenue à l'aide d'une tôle pliée en V fixée sur la traverse reliant les deux clés ainsi que sur le bord inférieur du parement externe supérieur et que sur le bord supérieur du parement externe inférieur,- in a component according to at least the paragraph preceding the previous one, the continuity of the external face of the bending zone is obtained using a V-folded sheet fixed on the crosspiece connecting the two keys as well as on the lower edge of the upper external facing and that on the upper edge of the lower external facing,
  • - le composant est agencé de façon à supporter une partie du plancher d'un étage,- the component is arranged so as to support part of the floor of a storey,
  • - le composant est évidé d'ouvertures équipées de baies vitrées ou analogues,- the component is hollowed out with openings fitted with bay windows or the like,
  • - la surface extérieure du panneau plié en V est recouverte d'une tôle maintenue parallèle à cette surface, à une petite distance de celle-ci, par des entretoises, de préférence solidaires de ladite tôle, qui délimitent des canaux s'étendant sur toute la hauteur du panneau, canaux utilisables à des fins de ventilation et/ou de.climatisation du volume intérieur de la construction,- The outer surface of the V-folded panel is covered with a sheet kept parallel to this surface, at a small distance from the latter, by spacers, preferably integral with said sheet, which delimit channels extending over any the height of the panel, channels that can be used for ventilation and / or air conditioning of the interior volume of the construction,
  • - la face extérieure de la tôle selon l'alinéa précédent est munie de moyens d'accrochage pour des éléments de couverture,the outer face of the sheet according to the preceding paragraph is provided with attachment means for covering elements,
  • - dans le cas où le pliage du panneau est effectué selon un coude anguleux, on rapporte extérieurement sur la portion supérieure du pan vertical de ce panneau une poutre creuse formant auvent, de section droite triangulaire, délimitée par une face verticale appliquée contre ladite portion, par une face horizontale inférieure et par une face inclinée prolongeant vers le bas la face extérieure du pan incliné du panneau,- in the case where the folding of the panel is carried out according to an angular bend, an hollow beam forming an awning, of triangular cross section, bounded by a vertical face applied against said portion, is reported externally on the upper portion of the vertical section of this panel, by a lower horizontal face and by an inclined face extending downwards the external face of the inclined face of the panel,
  • - le panneau plié en V comprend une charnière d'articulation à proximité de son coude permettant de rabattre l'un contre l'autre les deux pans du V pour faciliter le transport sans nuire pour autant à la continuité du panneau déployé et dressé,- the panel folded in V includes a hinge hinge near its elbow allowing to fold one against the other the two sides of the V to facilitate transport without compromising the continuity of the deployed and erected panel,
  • - la continuité du panneau déployé et dressé est renforcée par au moins un câble tendu entre deux points d'ancrage situés respectivement dans la fondation du pan vertical et au sommet du pan incliné,the continuity of the deployed and erected panel is reinforced by at least one cable stretched between two anchoring points situated respectively in the foundation of the vertical section and at the top of the inclined section,
  • - dans une construction comportant deux panneaux préfabriqués en V du genre défini ci-dessus, dressés en regard l'un de l'autre de façon à prendre appui l'un contre l'autre, directement ou non, cet appui est assuré au niveau d'au moins une articulation d'axe horizontal, réalisée de préférence à la façon d'une charnière composée d'une barre commune et de douilles prolongées par des paumelles fixées respectivement sur les deux panneaux.- in a construction comprising two prefabricated V-shaped panels of the kind defined above, erected opposite one another so as to bear one against the other, directly or indirectly, this support is provided at at least one articulation with a horizontal axis, preferably produced in the manner of a hinge composed of a common bar and of sockets extended by fixed hinges respectively on both panels.

L'invention comprend, mises à part ces dispositions principales, certaines autres dispositions qui s'utilisent de préférence en même temps et dont il sera plus explicitement question ci-après.The invention includes, apart from these main provisions, certain other provisions which are preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly discussed below.

Dans ce qui suit, l'on va décrire des modes de réalisation préférés de l'invention en se référant aux dessins ci-annexés d'une manière bien entendu non limitative.In what follows, we will describe preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in a manner of course not limiting.

  • La figure 1, de ces dessins, montre en vue perspective un panneau plat recourbé en V selon l'invention.Figure 1 of these drawings shows in perspective view a flat panel curved in V according to the invention.
  • Les figures 2 et 3 montrent schématiquement selon des coupes verticales transversales deux constructions réalisées à l'aide de tels panneaux recourbés en V selon l'invention.Figures 2 and 3 schematically show in vertical cross sections two constructions made using such curved panels in V according to the invention.
  • La figure 4 montre en vue perspective du dessous une articulation supérieure comprise par une telle construction.Figure 4 shows in perspective view from below an upper articulation included by such a construction.
  • La figure 5 est une coupe transversale verticale du faite d'une construction dû type ci-dessus.Figure 5 is a vertical cross section of a construction of the above type.
  • La figure 6 montre en vue perspective plus détaillée que la figure 1, portions arrachées, un panneau établi selon l'invention.Figure 6 shows in perspective view more detailed than Figure 1, parts broken away, a panel established according to the invention.
  • La figure 7 montre en perspective à plus grande échelle un détail de ce panneau.Figure 7 shows in perspective on a larger scale a detail of this panel.
  • La figure 8 montre, également à plus grande échelle, la zone de pliure de ce panneau selon une coupe verticale perpendiculaire à la ligne de pliure.Figure 8 shows, also on a larger scale, the fold area of this panel in a vertical section perpendicular to the fold line.

Les figures'9, 10 et 11 montrent schématiquement selon des coupes verticales transversales partielles trois variantes de constructions établies conformément à l'invention.Figures'9, 10 and 11 schematically show in partial transverse vertical sections three variants of constructions established in accordance with the invention.

La figure 12 est une coupe horizontale partielle de la figure 9 selon XII-XII.Figure 12 is a partial horizontal section of Figure 9 along XII-XII.

Chaque panneau, appelé "coque" dans la suite, est préfabriqué en usine et présente la forme générale d'un rectangle allongé, recourbé en V, la ligne de pliure du V s'étendant selon la largeur de ce rectangle.Each panel, called "shell" in the following, is prefabricated in the factory and has the general shape of an elongated rectangle, curved in V, the fold line of the V extending along the width of this rectangle.

Cette largeur du rectangle est inférieure ou égale à 2,50 m de façon à permettre les transports par route, cette largeur étant notamment égale à 30, 120 ou 180 cm.This width of the rectangle is less than or equal to 2.50 m so as to allow transport by road, this width being notably equal to 30, 120 or 180 cm.

Sa longueur est relativement grande, étant supérieure à 5 m et pouvant atteindre ou dépasser 10 m.Its length is relatively large, being more than 5 m and being able to reach or exceed 10 m.

L'épaisseur des coques considérées est généralement comprise entre 8 et 25 cm.The thickness of the hulls considered is generally between 8 and 25 cm.

Chaque coque 1 est pliée en V selon un coude anguleux à petit rayon de courbure comme visible en 3 sur les figures 1 à 3, ce qui définit deux pans plats 8 et 9 de part et d'autre de ce coude 3, l'un inférieur vertical 8 destiné à constituer un mur et l'autre supérieur oblique 9 destiné à constituer un pan de toiture plane.Each shell 1 is folded in a V at an angular elbow with a small radius of curvature as visible at 3 in FIGS. 1 to 3, which defines two flat sections 8 and 9 on either side of this elbow 3, one vertical lower 8 intended to constitute a wall and the other oblique upper 9 intended to constitute a flat roof pan.

L'angle du pliage peut être choisi dans une grande étendue allant de 30 à 90°.The folding angle can be chosen over a wide range from 30 to 90 °.

Comme chaque construction fait appel à une pluralité de coques semblablement pliées destinées à être assemblées côte à côte pour former l'une des façades de la construction, surmontée du pan de toiture associé, ces coques semblables peuvent être facilement empilées les unes sur les autres en vue de leur transport, les piles ainsi obtenues présentant alors un encombrement global très faible.As each construction uses a plurality of similarly folded shells intended to be assembled side by side to form one of the facades of the construction, surmounted by the associated roofing panel, these similar shells can be easily stacked on top of each other in view of their transport, the batteries thus obtained then having a very small overall size.

Pour réduire encore cet encombrement lors du transport, il peut être avantageux de prévoir une articulation au voisinage du coude de chaque coque de façon à rendre possible le rabattement des deux pans de cette coque l'un contre l'autre : une telle articulation, matérialisée par une charnière située au niveau de la face intérieure du V, a été illustrée en 53 sur la figure 11. Cette charnière 53 est bien entendu complétée par des moyens appropriés pour bloquer la coque en son état déployé lors de sa mise en place en vue de réaliser une construction.To further reduce this space requirement during transport, it may be advantageous to provide a joint in the vicinity of the elbow of each shell so as to make it possible to fold the two sides of this shell against each other: such a joint, materialized by a hinge located at the inner face of the V, has been illustrated at 53 in FIG. 11. This hinge 53 is of course supplemented by suitable means for locking the hull in its deployed state when it is put in place for sight to carry out a construction.

Les coques sont équipées dès leur fabrication de la plupart des accessoires qu'ils devront comprendre pour jouer leur rôle définitif de morceau de mur et de couverture dans la construction terminée, accessoires tels que cadres, de préférence en bois, délimitant des ouvertures et équipés de baies vitrées 62 (fig. 10), ouvrables ou non, de lucarnes ou chiens assis 63, ou de hublots doubles avec stores intermédiaires, huisseries de portes, installations électriques, tuyauteries d'eau sanitaire et éventuellement de chauffage, platines de support 14 pour planchers intermédiaires 13 ...The hulls are fitted with most of the accessories they will have to understand in order to play their final role as a piece of wall and cover in the finished construction, accessories such as frames, preferably in wood, delimiting openings and fitted with picture windows 62 (fig. 10) , whether or not open, of dormer windows or dogs sitting 63, or of double portholes with intermediate blinds, door frames, electrical installations, plumbing for domestic water and possibly heating, support plates 14 for intermediate floors 13 ...

Chaque coque se présente sous la forme générale d'un châssis en bois 37 (fig. 6) délimité latéralement par deux membrures 38 pliées en V et supérieurement et inférieurement par des traverses horizontales 39.Each hull is in the general form of a wooden frame 37 (fig. 6) delimited laterally by two members 38 bent in a V and above and below by horizontal crosspieces 39.

Ce châssis 37 est complété et renforcé :

  • - par une membrure intermédiaire 40 parallèle aux membrures latérales 38 et semblable à celles-ci, mais de préférence un peu plus épaisse selon la direction X de la ligne de pliure de la coque,
  • - et par quelques entretoises horizontales 41, 42 reliant entre elles les trois membrures 38 et 40 : celle, de ces entretoises, désignée par la référence 42 et située au niveau de la ligne X,est plus importante que les autres et sera commentée plus en détail ci-après.
This chassis 37 is completed and reinforced:
  • - by an intermediate frame 40 parallel to the side frames 38 and similar to these, but preferably a little thicker in the direction X of the fold line of the hull,
  • - And by some horizontal spacers 41, 42 connecting together the three members 38 and 40: that of these spacers, designated by the reference 42 and located at the level of line X, is more important than the others and will be discussed in more detail detail below.

Le châssis 37 est fermé par des plaques de parement parallèles plates 43.The chassis 37 is closed by flat parallel facing plates 43.

Chaque plaque 43 extérieure est constituée en un contre-plaqué résistant aux intempéries et chaque plaque 43 intérieure est de préférence constituée aussi en contre-plaqué, mais pourrait également l'être en toute autre matière appropriée telle que particules agglomérées, matière plastique armée de fibres de verre ou autres, toile imprégnée de résine, métal, carton, plâtre ...Each outer plate 43 is made of a weather-resistant plywood and each inner plate 43 is preferably also made of plywood, but could also be made of any other suitable material such as agglomerated particles, plastic reinforced with fibers. glass or other, canvas impregnated with resin, metal, cardboard, plaster ...

Ces plaques 43 peuvent être traitées au moins superficiellement et/ou revêtues de toute couche de protection ou d'habillage désirable (peinture, vernis, plâtre...).These plates 43 can be treated at least superficially and / or coated with any desirable protective layer or covering (paint, varnish, plaster, etc.).

Lesdites plaques 43 sont collées et agrafées sur les membrures et éventuellement sur les traverses de façon à faire corps avec le châssis et à contribuer à la tenue et à la résistance de la coque.Said plates 43 are glued and stapled on the frames and possibly on the crosspieces so as to be integral with the chassis and to contribute to the holding and the strength of the hull.

Le volume intérieur du châssis 37 est garni, au moins en partie, par un matelas 44 présentant de bonnes qualités d'isolation thermique et éventuellement acoustique, ce matelas étant par exemple constitué en un feutre ou en une mousse plastique souple ou semi-rigide.The internal volume of the chassis 37 is lined, at least in part, by a mattress 44 having good qualities of thermal and possibly acoustic insulation, this mattress being for example made of a felt or a flexible or semi-rigid plastic foam.

Une lame d'air peut être prévue entre ce matelas 44 et l'un des parements 43.An air space can be provided between this mattress 44 and one of the facings 43.

Le matelas 44 peut être interrompu, de même que les portions de parement 43 correspondantes, sur une certaine hauteur de la coque, notamment dans sa zone supérieure, à des fins d'éclairage et éventuellement d'aération, ce qui confère à la zone concernée une allure de pergola. Le volume ainsi dégagé peut être occupé par un vitrage, éventuellement décalé vers le haut s'il s'agit d'une zone inclinée sur la verticale.The mattress 44 can be interrupted, as well as the corresponding facing portions 43, over a certain height of the shell, in particular in its upper zone, for lighting and possibly ventilation purposes, which gives the zone concerned a pergola look. The volume thus released can be occupied by a glazing, possibly shifted upwards if it is an inclined zone on the vertical.

Chaque membrure 38, 40 est constituée par deuxlcnge- rons droits en bois massif culamellé-collé réunis entre eux par l'intermédiaire d'une clé 45 également en lamellé-collé.Each frame 38, 40 is constituted by two straight plugs in solid glued-laminated wood joined together by means of a key 45 also in glulam.

L'assemblage de chaque longeron sur la clé 45 est effectué par collage et enturage, c'est-à-dire par imbrication mutuelle de dentures complémentaires 46 (fig. 7) découpées dans les tranches mutuelles en regard des lamelles composant ces deux éléments.The assembly of each spar on the key 45 is carried out by gluing and cutting, that is to say by mutual nesting of complementary teeth 46 (fig. 7) cut in the mutual sections opposite the lamellae making up these two elements.

Ces dentures 46 présentent avantageusement la forme de dents de scie triangulaires pointues comme visible sur la figure 7.These teeth 46 advantageously have the shape of pointed triangular saw teeth as can be seen in FIG. 7.

Lorsque la coque est dans sa position de service dressée illustrée sur la figure 6, le plan moyen de chaque lamelle constitutive de chaque longeron inférieur est vertical et le plan moyen de chaque lamelle constitutive de chaque clé 45.est incliné sur la verticale d'un angle qui est égal à la moitié de l'angle A d'inclinaison sur la verticale du plan moyen de chaque lamelle constitutive de chaque longeron supérieur.When the hull is in its upright service position illustrated in FIG. 6, the mean plane of each constituent slat of each lower spar is vertical and the mean plane of each constituent slat of each key 45 is inclined on the vertical of a angle which is equal to half of the angle A of inclination on the vertical of the mean plane of each lamella constituting each upper spar.

Les traverses horizontales 39, 41 et 42 sont constituées par des pièces en bois massif.The horizontal crosspieces 39, 41 and 42 are formed by solid wood pieces.

Celle 42, de ces traverses, située au niveau de la ligne de pliure X de la coque relie entre elles les différentes clés 45.That 42, of these crosspieces, located at the level of the fold line X of the shell connects the different keys 45 together.

Dans le cas illustré pour lequel la coque comprend une membrure intermédiaire 40, ladite traverse 42 est composée de deux demi-traverses disposées dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre et s'étendant chacune horizontalement entre la clé centrale comprise par ladite membrure intermédiaire 40 et la clé comprise par une membrure latérale 38 et chaque demi-traverse est fixée sur les deux·clés correspondantes par clouage et/ou par collage.In the illustrated case for which the hull comprises an intermediate member 40, said cross member 42 is composed of two half-cross members arranged in the extension of one another and each extending horizontally between the central key comprised by said intermediate member 40 and the key included by a side member 38 and each half-cross member is fixed to the two corresponding · keys by nailing and / or gluing.

Il est avantageux de donner aux surfaces extérieures des clés 45 et demi-traverses 42 des formes identiques et disposées horizontalement dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre de façon à faciliter le support des parements externes.It is advantageous to give the external surfaces of the keys 45 and half-crosspieces 42 identical shapes and arranged horizontally in the extension of one another so as to facilitate the support of the external facings.

Cette forme peut être celle incurvée d'une tuile ou portion de cylindre de révolution.This shape can be that of a curved tile or portion of a cylinder of revolution.

Dans le mode de réalisation illustré, ladite forme est celle d'une ferme ou d'un dièdre d'arête horizontale dont l'angle au sommet est supplémentaire de l'angle A.In the illustrated embodiment, said shape is that of a truss or a horizontal edge dihedron whose apex angle is additional to angle A.

Dans ce cas la fermeture externe de la coque peut être effectuée à l'aide de deux parements totalement plats s'étendant chacun jusqu'à l'arête horizontale de la ferme, la juxtaposition mutuelle de ces deux parements étant effectuée selon cette arête.In this case, the external closure of the hull can be carried out using two completely flat facing each extending to the horizontal edge of the farm, the mutual juxtaposition of these two facing being carried out along this edge.

Pour compléter la continuité de cette fermeture et renforcer la coque en assurant un bon transfert des efforts de l'un des parements externes à l'autre, on recouvre avantageusement la zone de juxtaposition de ces parements par une tôle 47 (fig. 8), notamment en aluminium, pliée selon un V dont l'ouverture est égale à celle de la ferme, les deux ailes de cette tôle étant fixées respectivement sur les deux plages planes de la ferme par clouage ou agrafage en 48 avec interposition des bords juxtaposés des deux parements en question.To complete the continuity of this closure and reinforce the shell while ensuring a good transfer of the forces from one of the external facings to the other, the juxtaposition zone of these facings is advantageously covered by a sheet 47 (fig. 8), in particular in aluminum, folded according to a V whose opening is equal to that of the truss, the two wings of this sheet being fixed respectively on the two flat areas of the truss by nailing or stapling fage in 48 with interposition of the juxtaposed edges of the two facing in question.

Le bord supérieur de la tôle 47 est de préférence aménagé de façon à éviter toute introduction d'eau de pluie entre celle-ci et le parement qu'elle recouvre, en étant éventuellement associé à cet effet à un joint ou couvre- joint approprié.The upper edge of the sheet 47 is preferably arranged so as to avoid any introduction of rainwater between it and the facing that it covers, possibly being associated for this purpose with a suitable joint or joint cover.

La fermeture interne de la coque peut également être effectuée à l'aide de deux parements plats interrompus chacun au niveau des clés 45 (voir fig. 6), c'est-à-dire à une petite distance de la traverse 42, comme visible sur la figure 8.The internal closing of the hull can also be carried out using two flat facing each interrupted at the level of the keys 45 (see fig. 6), that is to say at a small distance from the cross-member 42, as visible in figure 8.

La continuité et la reprise des efforts sont obtenus ici à l'aide d'un morceau de contre-plaqué 49 cintré en forme de tuile cylindrique et fixé par collage et agrafage, d'une part en son centre en 50 sur la face latérale en regard de la traverse 42, et d'autre part supérieurement en 51 sur le bord inférieur du parement supérieur et inférieurement sur le bord supérieur du parement inférieur.Continuity and resumption of efforts are obtained here using a piece of plywood 49 curved in the shape of a cylindrical tile and fixed by gluing and stapling, on the one hand in its center at 50 on the lateral face in look of the crosspiece 42, and on the other hand at 51 at the lower edge of the upper facing and lower on the upper edge of the lower facing.

Chacune de ces deux dernières fixations est de préférence effectuée sur un flanc de l'une des traverses d'entretoisement ci-dessus 41.Each of these last two fastenings is preferably carried out on a side of one of the above cross braces 41.

L'assemblage obtenu de la manière ci-dessus décrite entre les deux pans plats constitutifs de la coque pliée en V est très solide et permet de donner au pan oblique supérieur une grande portée horizontale, ce qui est surprenant pour une structure en bois.The assembly obtained in the manner described above between the two flat sections constituting the hull folded in a V shape is very solid and makes it possible to give the upper oblique section a large horizontal span, which is surprising for a wooden structure.

Il est à noter par ailleurs que ce résultat est obtenu en mettant en oeuvre des matériaux économiques, essentiellement à base de bois.It should also be noted that this result is obtained by using economical materials, essentially based on wood.

Pour établir une construction à l'aide des coques en V ci-dessus décrites, on dresse au moins deux de ces coques de façon telle qu'elles présentent chacune une base 8 verticale, que les deux bases soient parallèles et que les pans supérieurs obliques 9 des deux panneaux soient tournés l'un vers l'autre et prennent appui l'un contre l'autre (fig. 2 et 3).To establish a construction using the V-shaped shells described above, at least two of these shells are erected in such a way that they each have a vertical base 8, that the two bases are parallel and that the oblique upper sections 9 of the two panels are turned towards each other and bear against each other (fig. 2 and 3).

En outre, chaque base 8 est montée sur un bloc de fondation 10, de préférence par l'intermédiaire d'un appui souple 11 formant semi-articulation et l'appui mutuel des pans supérieurs 9 est effectué avantageusement au niveau d'une articulation 12 d'axe horizontal H formant charnière.In addition, each base 8 is mounted on a foundation block 10, preferably by means of a flexible support 11 forming a semi-articulation and the mutual support of the upper sections 9 is advantageously carried out at a joint 12 horizontal axis H forming a hinge.

L'ensemble triangulé ainsi obtenu, qui forme une sorte d'"arche", peut subir de légères déformations lorsqu'il est soumis à des efforts externes de grande intensité tels que ceux dus à la survenance d'un vent violent ou d'une tempête ou encore d'un ébranlement sismique du sol : ledit ensemble est en mesure de résister à de tels efforts sans qu'il en résulte des contraintes locales excessives susceptibles d'entraîner des détériorations ou fractures.The triangulated assembly thus obtained, which forms a kind of "arch", can undergo slight deformations when subjected to external forces of great intensity such as those due to the occurrence of a strong wind or a storm or even a seismic shaking of the ground: the said assembly is able to withstand such efforts without excessive local stresses which may cause deterioration or fractures.

Le mode d'assemblage considéré est particulièrement avantageux dans le cadre de l'utilisation des coques en V très légères décrites ci-dessus : il permet en effet d'accroi- tre notablement la robustesse globale de l'édifice au point de la rendre comparable à celle d'un édifice de mêmes dimensions construit avec des matériaux classiques beaucoup plus lourds, savoir généralement au moins cinq fois plus lourds, et beaucoup plus conteux.The assembly method considered is particularly advantageous in the context of the use of the very light V-shaped hulls described above: it in fact makes it possible to significantly increase the overall robustness of the building to the point of making it comparable. to that of a building of the same dimensions constructed with classic materials that are much heavier, generally being at least five times heavier, and much more content.

L'épaisseur des "arches" triangulées définies ci-dessus est multipliée en juxtaposant latéralement contre les coques constitutives de ces arches d'autres coques semblables, ce qui forme des ouvrages voûtés constitués de plusieurs arches juxtaposées.The thickness of the triangular "arches" defined above is multiplied by juxtaposing laterally against the hulls constituting these arches of other similar hulls, which forms vaulted works made up of several juxtaposed arches.

Ces ouvrages sont fermés à leurs deux extrémités par des pignons transversaux.These structures are closed at their two ends by transverse gables.

Les assemblages latéraux mutuels des divers panneaux constitutifs des façades et pignons sont assurés de façon étanche vis-à-vis des eaux de pluie et de préférence vis-à-vis de la chaleur et des sons.The mutual lateral assemblies of the various constituent panels of the facades and gables are provided in a sealed manner vis-à-vis rainwater and preferably vis-à-vis heat and sound.

Les formes susceptibles d'être données aux ouvrages en question sont extrêmement variées.The forms likely to be given to the works in question are extremely varied.

L'une d'elles, visible sur la figure 2, est celle d'une maisonnette classique à murs verticaux surmontés d'une toiture à double pente.One of them, visible in Figure 2, is that of a classic house with vertical walls surmounted by a double slope roof.

Dans cette réalisation, un plancher intermédiaire 13 est prévu, supporté par des consoles 14 prévues en attente sur les coques 1 de façon à former un étage.In this embodiment, an intermediate floor 13 is provided, supported by brackets 14 provided waiting on the shells 1 so as to form a stage.

Dans une variante schématisée sur la figure 3, les deux coques constitutives pliées en V présentent des hauteurs inégales et prennent appui l'une contre l'autre au niveau de deux articulations 12 et 121 qui sont portées toutes les deux par un mur central 15 s'étendant parallèlement aux bases 8 de ces deux panneaux.In a variant shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3, the two constituent shells folded in a V have unequal heights and bear one against the other at the level of two articulations 12 and 12 1 which are both carried by a central wall 15 extending parallel to the bases 8 of these two panels.

On pourrait également envisager des ouvrages comprenant des toitures du type des "sheds" et composés :

  • - à leurs deux extrémités, de coques du genre de celles décrites ci-dessus,
  • - et, entre ces extrémités, de pans inclinés correspondant aux tronçons supérieurs de telles coques et reposant à leurs bases sur des semi-articulations elles-mêmes placées au sommet de poteaux intérieurs auxdits ouvrages.
We could also consider works comprising roofs of the "sheds" type and composed:
  • - at their two ends, shells of the kind described above,
  • - And, between these ends, inclined sections corresponding to the upper sections of such shells and resting at their bases on semi-articulations themselves placed at the top of posts internal to said works.

Un mode de réalisation d'articulation supérieure a été illustré sur les figures 4 et 5.An embodiment of upper articulation has been illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5.

Il se présente sous la forme d'une charnière com- . portant :

  • - une pluralité de douilles métalliques 16 prolongées extérieurement par des paumelles 17 solidarisées avec les coques à assembler,
  • - et une barre 18 traversant ces douilles ou plus précisément des coussinets 19 en matière plastique formant paliers emmanchés à force dans lesdites douilles.
It comes in the form of a hinge com-. wearing :
  • a plurality of metal sockets 16 extended externally by hinges 17 secured to the shells to be assembled,
  • - And a bar 18 passing through these sockets or more precisely plastic bearings 19 forming bearings which are force fitted into said sockets.

Les nombres et positions respectives de ces douilles et paumelles sont choisis de façon telle qu'après mise en place de la barre 18 dans les douilles, les positions respectives des deux coques articulées l'une sur l'autre sont rigoureusement définies selon la direction de l'axe d'articulation H : il suffit notamment à cet effet de prévoir deux paires de douilles juxtaposables pour chaque articulation, les deux douilles les plus rapprochées étant liées à un panneau et les deux douilles les plus écartées, à l'autre panneau.The respective numbers and positions of these sockets and hinges are chosen such that after the bar 18 has been placed in the sockets, the respective positions of the two shells articulated one on the other are rigorously defined in the direction of the axis of articulation H: it suffices in particular for this purpose to provide two pairs of juxtaposable sockets for each articulation, the two closest sockets being linked to one panel and the two most distant sockets to the other panel.

Chaque articulation est surmontée par un couvre- joint ou chapeau 20 constitué notamment par une tôle pliée en V renversé, avec interposition d'une masse de remplissage 21 permettant de compléter l'étanchéité et l'isolation thermique de la toiture, cette masse étant par exemple constituée en laine de verre.Each joint is surmounted by a joint cover or cap 20 constituted in particular by a sheet folded in an inverted V, with the interposition of a filling mass 21 making it possible to complete the sealing and the thermal insulation of the roof, this mass being by example made of glass wool.

La fabrication des coques 1 pliées en V ci-dessus peut être mise à profit pour rapporter en usine sur la face extérieure de ces coques une tôle 54 (fig. 9 et 12) mainte- .nue parallèle à cette face par des entretoises.55 agencées de façon à délimiter un ensemble de canaux parallèles 56 s'étendant sur toute la hauteur de la coque.The manufacture of the shells 1 folded in a V above can be used to bring in the factory on the outside face of these shells a sheet 54 (fig. 9 and 12) kept parallel to this face by spacers. 55 arranged to delimit a set of parallel channels 56 extending over the entire height of the hull.

Les entretoises 55 peuvent être des nervures longitudinales faisant corps avec la tôle 54.The spacers 55 may be longitudinal ribs integral with the sheet 54.

Les canaux 56 en question, dont l'extrémité supérieure ou inférieure est mise en communication avec le volume V de la construction terminée, peuvent être utilisés de toute manière désirable pour guider la circulation, naturelle ou forcée, d'un courant d'air ascendant ou descendant permettant de ventiler et/ou de climatiser le volume V.The channels 56 in question, the upper or lower end of which is placed in communication with the volume V of the completed construction, can be used in any desirable manner to guide the circulation, natural or forced, of an ascending air stream or downward allowing ventilation and / or air conditioning of volume V.

La surface extérieure de la tôle 54 peut être munie de moyens d'accrochage pour éléments de couverture ou d'habillage tels que tuiles, panneaux de façade..., moyens tels que des ailettes 57 faisant corps avec ladite tôle.The outer surface of the sheet 54 can be provided with attachment means for covering or covering elements such as tiles, facade panels, etc., means such as fins 57 integral with said sheet.

Pour faire déborder horizontalement la toiture inclinée d'une construction du genre ci-dessus sur le mur vertical que cette toiture prolonge vers le haut, on peut rapporter extérieurement sur la portion supérieure de ce mur une poutre creuse 58 (fig. 10) formant auvent et présentant une section triangulaire, ladite poutre étant délimitée par :

  • - une face verticale 581 appliquée contre ladite portion supérieure,
  • - une face inférieure horizontale 582,
  • - une face supérieure inclinée 583 prolongeant exactement la face supérieure de la toiture inclinée.
To extend horizontally the inclined roof of a construction of the above kind on the vertical wall that this roof extends upwards, one can bring out on the upper portion of this wall a hollow beam 58 (fig. 10) forming an awning and having a triangular section, said beam being delimited by:
  • a vertical face 58 1 applied against said upper portion,
  • - a horizontal lower face 58 2 ,
  • - an inclined upper face 58 3 extending exac the upper side of the pitched roof.

Pour assurer un assemblage extrêmement solide entre le pan incliné supérieur de chaque coque et son pan vertical inférieur, et ainsi rendre impossible en toutes circonstances l'arrachement de la toiture de la construction comportant une telle coque, il est avantageux de prévoir au moins un câble 59 (fig. Il), en acier tendu à l'intérieur de ladite coque entre un point d'ancrage inférieur 60 localisé dans la fondation et un point d'ancrage 61 situé au sommet de la coque, notamment au niveau de l'articulation de cette coque sur la coque en regard.To ensure an extremely solid connection between the upper inclined section of each shell and its lower vertical section, and thus make it impossible in all circumstances to tear off the roof of the construction comprising such a shell, it is advantageous to provide at least one cable. 59 (fig. II), of steel stretched inside said shell between a lower anchor point 60 located in the foundation and an anchor point 61 located at the top of the shell, in particular at the joint of this shell on the opposite shell.

A titre purement illustratif et aucunement limitatif, on donne ci-après quelques indications sur un mode de réalisation de coque conforme à la figure 6 ayant donné toute satisfaction :

  • - épaisseur totale de la coque : de l'ordre de 17 cm,.
  • - largeur de la coque selon la direction X : 1,20 m,
  • - angle A d'inclinaison sur la verticale du plan oblique :60°,
  • - hauteur du pan inférieur vertical : 2,50 m,
  • - longueur du pan supérieur oblique : 3,50 m,
  • - épaisseur de chaque membrure latérale 38 selon la direction X : 4 cm,
  • - épaisseur de la membrure centrale 40 selon la direction X : 6 cm,
  • - largeur de la face interne de chaque clé 45 : 22 cm,
  • - hauteur des dents 46 des entures : 3 cm et pas entre ces dents : 1 cm.
Purely by way of illustration and in no way limiting, some indications are given below on an embodiment of the shell conforming to FIG. 6 having given all satisfaction:
  • - total thickness of the shell: around 17 cm ,.
  • - width of the hull in direction X: 1.20 m,
  • - angle A of inclination to the vertical of the oblique plane: 60 °,
  • - height of the vertical lower panel: 2.50 m,
  • - length of the oblique upper section: 3.50 m,
  • - thickness of each lateral member 38 in the direction X: 4 cm,
  • - thickness of the central member 40 in the direction X: 6 cm,
  • - width of the internal face of each key 45: 22 cm,
  • - height of the teeth 46 of the splices: 3 cm and not between these teeth: 1 cm.

En suite de quoi, et quel que soit le mode de réalisation adopté, on dispose finalement de coques pliées en V et de constructions composées de telles coques, dont la constitution et le montage résultent suffisamment de ce qui précède.As a result of which, and whatever the embodiment adopted, there are finally V-folded shells and constructions made up of such shells, the constitution and mounting of which result sufficiently from the above.

Ces coques et constructions présentent de nombreux avantages par rapport à celles antérieurement connues et en particulier les suivants :

  • - l'extrême légèreté, le poids linéaire de l'ensemble mur de façade-toiture à base de bois étant plusieurs fois inférieur au poids linéaire correspondant des solutions à préfabrication lourde,
  • - la simplicité de:l'assemblage sur place du fait notamment qu'il est inutile de prévoir des raccords spéciaux et étanches entre les bords supérieurs des murs et les bords inférieurs des pans de toiture adjacents, ces murs et pans étant constitués de pièces monoblocs,
  • - la possibilité de préfabriquer en usine ces pièces monoblocs,
  • - le prix de revient extrêmement bas qui découle notamment des avantages précédents, la grande légèreté entraînant en particulier un certain nombre de réductions concomitantes telles que celle du volume des matériaux utilisés, celle des frais de transport, celle de l'importance des fondations ...
  • - l'excellente résistance de la construction aux sollicitations externes (vents, secousses sismiques ...) en raison de sa légère déformabilité sans rupture,
  • - l'universalité des formes susceptibles d'être créées pour les constructions obtenues à partie d'un très petit nombre d'éléments ou composants modulaires de départ,
  • - l'originalité marquée de certaines de ces formes (en particulier il est facile de prévoir des lanternes d'éclairage ou des cheminées au faite des constructions proposées, moyennant des interruptions locales des charnières d'articulation supérieures),
  • - la possibilité de donner au contraire à d'autres constructions des formes tout à fait conventionnelles et parfaitement adaptées aux styles locaux.
These hulls and constructions have numerous advantages over those previously known and in particular the following:
  • - the extreme lightness, the linear weight of the whole ble wood-based facade-roof wall being several times less than the corresponding linear weight of solutions with heavy prefabrication,
  • - the simplicity of: on-site assembly, in particular because there is no need to provide special and watertight connections between the upper edges of the walls and the lower edges of the adjacent roof sections, these walls and sections being made up of one-piece parts ,
  • - the possibility of prefabricating these one-piece parts in the factory,
  • - the extremely low cost price which results in particular from the above advantages, the great lightness bringing about in particular a certain number of concomitant reductions such as that of the volume of the materials used, that of the transport costs, that of the importance of the foundations. .
  • - the excellent resistance of the construction to external stresses (winds, earthquakes, etc.) due to its slight deformability without breaking,
  • - the universality of the forms likely to be created for constructions obtained from a very small number of initial modular elements or components,
  • - the marked originality of some of these forms (in particular it is easy to provide lighting lanterns or fireplaces for the proposed constructions, by means of local interruptions of the upper articulation hinges),
  • - the possibility of giving on the contrary to other constructions completely conventional forms and perfectly adapted to local styles.

Comme il va de soi, et comme il résulte d'ailleurs déjà de ce qui précède, l'invention ne se limite nullement à ceux de ses modes d'application et de réalisation qui ont été plus spécialement envisagés ; elle en embrasse, au contraire, toutes les variantes.As is obvious, and as already follows from the foregoing, the invention is in no way limited to those of its modes of application and embodiments which have been more especially envisaged; on the contrary, it embraces all its variants.

Claims (14)

1. Composant de construction préfabriqué constitué par un panneau autoporteur plat recourbé contenant un matériau thermiquement isolant et propre à former une tranche verticale de l'ensemble composé par un mur extérieur de la construction et par le pan de toiture prolongeant ce mur vers le haut, caractérisé en ce qu'il se présente sous la forme d'un châssis en bois (37) à contour fermé définissant deux pans plats (8,9) raccordés entre eux selon un V (en 3), ce châssis étant délimité latéralement par deux membrures constituées au moins en partie en lamellé-collé (38) et pliées en V, dont la longueur déployée est supérieure à 5m,et chaque pan étant fermé par deux parements plats parallèles (43) dont au moins celui disposé à l'extérieur est constitué en contre-plaqué.1. Prefabricated building component consisting of a curved flat self-supporting panel containing a thermally insulating material capable of forming a vertical section of the assembly made up by an exterior wall of the construction and by the roof panel extending this wall upwards, characterized in that it is in the form of a wooden frame (37) with a closed outline defining two flat sides (8, 9) connected together according to a V (in 3), this frame being delimited laterally by two frames made at least in part of glulam (38) and bent in V, whose deployed length is more than 5m, and each side being closed by two parallel flat facings (43) of which at least the one placed outside is made of plywood. 2. Composant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chacune des deux membrures pliées (38) qui délimitent latéralement le châssis en bois est constituée par deux longerons droits en bois assemblés par enturage et collage sur une clé intermédiaire (45) elle-même en lamellé-collé.2. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the two folded frames (38) which laterally delimit the wooden frame is constituted by two straight wooden beams assembled by cutting and gluing on an intermediate key (45) itself in glulam. 3. Composant selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les deux membrures latérales pliées (38) sont solidarisées entre elles par des traverses horizontales en bois massif (39, 41, 42) dont l'une (42) relie les deux clés (45) comprise par ces membrures.3. Component according to claim 2, characterized in that the two folded side members (38) are joined together by horizontal solid wood crosspieces (39, 41, 42) one of which (42) connects the two keys ( 45) understood by these members. 4. Composant selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la continuité de la face interne de la zone de pliure est obtenue à l'aide d'une feuille en contre-plaqué cintrée (49) fixée sur le bord inférieur du parement interne supérieur (43), sur le bord supérieur du parement interne inférieur (43) et sur la traverse (42) reliant les deux clés.4. Component according to claim 3, characterized in that the continuity of the internal face of the fold zone is obtained using a sheet of curved plywood (49) fixed on the lower edge of the upper internal facing. (43), on the upper edge of the lower internal facing (43) and on the crosspiece (42) connecting the two keys. 5. Composant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 et 3, caractérisé en ce que la continuité de la face externe de sa zone de pliure est obtenue à l'aide d'une tôle pliée en V (47) fixée sur la traverse (42) reliant les deux clés ainsi que sur le bord inférieur du parement externe supérieur et que sur le bord supérieur du parement externe inférieur.5. Component according to any one of claims 3 and 3, characterized in that the continuity of the external face of its bending zone is obtained using a V-folded sheet (47) fixed on the crosspiece (42) connecting the two keys as well as on the lower edge of the upper external facing and only on the upper edge of the lower external facing. 6. Composant selon l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce qu'il est agencé (en6. Component according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is arranged (in 14) de façon à supporter une partie du plancher (13) d'un étage.14) so as to support part of the floor (13) of a floor. 7. Composant selon l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce qu'il est évidé d'ouvertures équipées de baies vitrées ou analogues (62,d3).7. Component according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is hollowed out with openings equipped with bay windows or the like (62, d3). 8. Composant selon l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce que sa surface extérieure est recouverte d'une tôle (54) maintenue parallèle à cette surface, à une petite distance de celle-ci, par des entretoises (55), de préférence solidaires de ladite tôle, qui délimitent des canaux (56) s'étendant sur toute la hauteur du composant, canaux utilisables à des fins de ventilation et/ou de climatisation du volume intérieur de la construction.8. Component according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its outer surface is covered with a sheet (54) held parallel to this surface, at a small distance from the latter, by spacers (55), preferably integral with said sheet, which delimit channels (56) extending over the entire height of the component, channels which can be used for ventilation and / or air conditioning purposes of the interior volume of the construction. 9. Composant selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la face extérieure de la tôle (54) est munie de moyens d'accrochage (57) pour des éléments de couverture.9. Component according to claim 8, characterized in that the outer face of the sheet (54) is provided with hooking means (57) for covering elements. 10 . Composant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'est rapportée extérieurement sur la portion supérieure du pan de ce composant une poutre creuse (58) formant auvent, de section droite triangulaire, délimitée par une face verticale (581) appliquée contre ladite portion, par une face horizontale inférieure (582) et par une face inclinée (583) prolongeant vers le bas la face extérieure du pan incliné du composant.10. Component according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an hollow beam (58) forming an awning, of triangular cross-section, delimited by a vertical face (58 1 ) applied, is attached externally to the upper portion of the panel of this component. against said portion, by a lower horizontal face (58 2 ) and by an inclined face (58 3 ) extending downwards the external face of the inclined face of the component. 11 . Composant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes ., caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une charnière d'articulation (53) à proximité de son coude permettant de rabattre l'un contre l'autre les deux pans du V pour faciliter le transport.1 1 . Component according to any one of the preceding claims., Characterized in that it comprises a hinge (53) close to its elbow allowing the two sides to be folded against one another of V to facilitate transport. 12. Composant selon l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications, caractérisé en ce que la continuité du panneau déployé et dressé est renforcée par au moins un câble (59) tendu entre deux points d'ancrage (60, 61) situés respectivement dans la fondation du pan vertical et au sommet du pan incliné.12. Component according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the continuity of the deployed and erected panel is reinforced by at least one cable (59) stretched between two anchoring points (60, 61) located respectively in the foundation vertical pan and at the top of the inclined pan. 13. Construction comportant deux panneaux préfabriqués en V selon l'une quelconque des précédentes revendications, dressés en regard l'un de l'autre de façon à prendre appui l'un contre l'autre, directement ou non, caractérisée en ce que cet appui est assuré au niveau d'au moins une articulation (12) d'axe horizontal, réalisée de préférence à la façon d'une charnière composée d'une barre commune (18) et de douilles (16) prolongées par des paumelles (17) fixées respectivement sur les deux panneaux.13. Construction comprising two prefabricated V-shaped panels according to any one of the preceding claims, erected opposite one another so as to bear against one another, directly or not, characterized in that this support is provided at at least one articulation (12) with a horizontal axis, preferably produced in the manner of a hinge composed of a common bar (18) and sockets (16) extended by hinges (17 ) fixed respectively on the two panels.
EP84401173A 1983-06-06 1984-06-06 Prefabricated constructions and their component parts Expired EP0128830B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT84401173T ATE29268T1 (en) 1983-06-06 1984-06-06 FINISHED PARTS AND THEIR INDIVIDUAL PARTS.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8309353A FR2546943B1 (en) 1983-06-06 1983-06-06 IMPROVEMENTS ON PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTIONS AND THEIR COMPONENTS
FR8309353 1983-06-06
FR8401323A FR2558871B2 (en) 1984-01-27 1984-01-27 IMPROVEMENTS ON PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTIONS AND THEIR COMPONENTS
FR8401323 1984-01-27

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EP0128830A1 true EP0128830A1 (en) 1984-12-19
EP0128830B1 EP0128830B1 (en) 1987-09-02

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US (1) US4616452A (en)
EP (1) EP0128830B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3465754D1 (en)
MA (1) MA20127A1 (en)
MX (1) MX161143A (en)
OA (1) OA07717A (en)

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US6568134B2 (en) * 2001-07-20 2003-05-27 Thomas E. Kerney Componentized, three dimensional, self-aligning, self-engineering building system for homes, and modeling blocks therefor
US20080005978A1 (en) * 2006-06-21 2008-01-10 Alexis Spyrou Method and apparatus for filling a space between a sloping roof of a building and a peaked roof of an adjoining extension
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DE3465754D1 (en) 1987-10-08
MA20127A1 (en) 1984-12-31
MX161143A (en) 1990-08-07
EP0128830B1 (en) 1987-09-02
OA07717A (en) 1985-08-30
US4616452A (en) 1986-10-14

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