EP0126395B1 - Method and device for stowing goods which can be destroyed by condensed water - Google Patents

Method and device for stowing goods which can be destroyed by condensed water Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0126395B1
EP0126395B1 EP84105342A EP84105342A EP0126395B1 EP 0126395 B1 EP0126395 B1 EP 0126395B1 EP 84105342 A EP84105342 A EP 84105342A EP 84105342 A EP84105342 A EP 84105342A EP 0126395 B1 EP0126395 B1 EP 0126395B1
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walls
condensation
hold
air
temperature
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0126395A1 (en
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Johann-Stephan Reith
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63JAUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63JAUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/12Heating; Cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for stowing a condensation-prone good in a hold of a ship, in the interior of which air of determinable moisture and temperature is enclosed, which comes into contact with walls on which condensation can take place and in which the walls reach a temperature level at least in some areas be heated, on which a condensation of moisture on the walls is prevented.
  • This method is intended to prevent heat flow from cooled parts of a cargo space by heating intermediate walls in the area of this heat flow.
  • heaters are attached to the partition walls. With the help of this heater, a heat flow is generated in the area of the walls arranged between the cooled cargo holds. This heat flow compensates for the heat flow from the walls adjacent to the cooled cargo holds and prevents condensation of moisture in the area of the wall transitions.
  • This object is achieved in that the walls are heated in the area of their entire extent facing the goods in the area of their limits facing away from the goods to a temperature level preventing the condensation of moisture, a heat flow from the warm 'engineers towards the interior of the cargo space is generated and both the temperatures of the ambient air washing around the cargo and the temperatures of the walls are controlled to prevent condensation of moisture in the entire area of the cargo area.
  • a ship is known with at least one hold, inside of which a condensation-prone good is stowed and air of determinable moisture and temperature is enclosed, which comes into contact with walls on which condensation can take place.
  • a ship has become known from British Patent Specification 18 848, which has a cargo space enclosed by an inner wall. There is an intermediate space between the inner wall surrounding the cargo space and an outer wall delimiting the ship, into which air conditioning air is introduced. Depending on the area of application of the ship, it can be ensured with the aid of the appropriately tempered air that a desired climate is generated in the hold. However, no consideration has been given to heating the cargo space walls to a temperature which is sufficient to allow a heat flow to pass through the cargo space walls and which is dimensioned sufficiently large to prevent condensation of the air in the cargo space . Rather, condensation phenomena appear on the cargo space walls, which are particularly pronounced in the area of the cargo and lead to a spoilage of the stowed goods there.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to improve the ship of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that condensation-sensitive goods can be stowed in its hold without fear of damage to the goods by condensation water.
  • the walls laterally delimiting the cargo space; the floor delimiting the cargo space in the ship's vertical axis at the bottom and a cargo space cover lying opposite the floor are at least partially formed as heated double-walled heat exchangers that heat the cargo space and have at least one interior through which a heating medium flows and with at least one the temperature of both the air and the walls are connected to a control device which keeps the condensation of moisture at a level.
  • Such a ship is particularly suitable as a bulk carrier for the transport of bulk water-sensitive bulk goods.
  • goods sensitive to condensation had to be packed in special packaging units, which in turn were stowed in the hold of a general cargo ship.
  • coffee could not be transported in bulk, although transportation costs make up a significant portion of the cost of coffee.
  • coffee can also be stowed in bulk in the holds of a bulk carrier, without the risk of condensation forming in the area of the goods lying against the walls.
  • the condensation-prone goods can also be packed in large units, such as containers, in the holds.
  • the containers standing in the appropriately tempered cargo holds have a temperature on their outer sides as well as on their inner walls facing the stowed goods that is sufficient to prevent the formation of condensation.
  • the transportation of coffee in bulk saves considerable transportation costs.
  • a ship consists of a hull 1, which has at least one cargo space 2. This cargo space 2 is enclosed on all sides by walls 3.
  • the walls 3 consist of a floor 4, two side walls 5, 6 extending in the longitudinal direction of the ship, two transverse walls 7, 8 extending in the transverse direction of the ship and a cover 9 which closes the cargo space 2 on its side facing away from the floor 4 and is designed as a hatch cover.
  • the hull 1 is designed with two shells, so that outer walls 10, 11, 12 extend parallel to the side walls 5, 6 and the bottom 4, between which and the side walls 5, 6 and the bottom 4 cavities 13, 14, 15 are formed are.
  • the cover 9 is also double-shelled and has an outer wall 16 running parallel to it, which together with it encloses a cavity 17.
  • the transverse walls 7, 8 likewise have outer walls 18, 19 running parallel to them on their sides facing away from the loading space, which together enclose cavities 20, 21 with them.
  • All cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 each extend on the side 28 of a wall 3 facing away from the loading space 2 over its entire surface area.
  • the cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 are each connected to at least one adjacent cavity 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 via connections 22.
  • the cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 are flowed through by a heating medium used as a heating medium, which preferably consists of warm water. Cooling water can be used as water, which has been heated by a ship's engine 32 and is distributed evenly over the cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 via feed lines 33 and from there is led back to the ship's engine via leads 34.
  • At least one circulation pump 23 is provided, with the aid of which the hot water located in the cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 is constantly in motion is held and is exchanged between the individual cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 in order to avoid temperature differences on the walls 3.
  • the circulation pump 23 and the hot water supply is from. controlled by a thermostat control 31, which has temperature sensors 29, 30 in the hold 2 and via which the supply and circulation of the warm water is controlled in such a way that the temperature of the air in the hold 2 is kept constant during the entire transport.
  • Loads that are susceptible to condensation are filled into loading space 2 in a loading port.
  • the ambient air in the loading port penetrates into the cargo hold 2. It is of relatively high temperature and humidity, especially in overseas ports.
  • the charge also has a relatively high temperature. It is filled into the loading space 2 as bulk material.
  • the loading space cover 9 designed as a hatch cover is closed. Then the ship can sail. On the northern route, the ship will reach sea areas where both the air and water temperatures are significantly lower than those in the loading port. In particular, the outer walls 10, 11, 12 of the ship cool down considerably. The air contained in the cargo space 2 comes into contact with the outer walls 10, 11, 12, cools down there greatly, so that it approaches the condensation point of the liquid dissolved in it. In order to prevent the condensation of moisture, the heat medium is moved through the cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 with the help of the circulation pumps 23. The heat medium has the temperature of the air enclosed in the cargo space 2, so that it cannot cool down on the walls 3. It is able to keep the moisture it contains dissolved without showing any signs of condensation at any point.
  • the termostats scan the temperature on the walls 3.
  • the measurement results are entered into the termostat control 31.
  • This controls the circulating pump 23, with the aid of which a quantity of cooling water corresponding to the respective temperature conditions is pumped, which leaves the ship's engine at the outlet 35 in the hot state and re-enters the ship's machine 32 via the derivatives 34 at an inlet 36.
  • a heat exchanger through which the cooling water flows can be arranged between the outlet 35 and the inlet 36 of the ship's engine 32, which heat exchanger is not shown in the example.
  • the heat medium is heated to the extent that it is able to keep both the walls 3 and the interior of the cargo space 2 at a temperature at which condensation of the moisture dissolved in the air is avoided.
  • the heat can be dissipated from the walls 3 directly into the interior of the hold 2.
  • 2 longitudinal bulkheads 37 and transverse bulkheads 38 extend in the interior of the loading space, which are connected to the cavities 13, 14, 15, 21 via connections 22. These longitudinal bulkheads 37 and transverse bulkheads 38 can also give off heat to the interior of the loading space 2.
  • a measuring sensor 39 in the interior of the cargo space 2, which is suitable for measuring the humidity of the air enclosed in the cargo space 2.
  • This sensor 39 is connected to a computer 41 via a measuring line 40.
  • control pulses from the termostat control 31 are fed into the computer 41 via a further line 42.
  • This computer 41 has a program that can be used to calculate the condensation point of moisture in the. air trapped in the hold 2 is released. According to the moisture value determined by the computer 41, the thermostat control 31 is controlled to a temperature level at which the condensation of the moisture in the cargo space 2 is just being avoided.
  • all outer walls 10, 11, 12, 16, 18, 19 are provided with insulation 24, each of which extends over the entire surfaces of the outer walls 10, 11, 12, 16, 18, 19 each extend on the sides facing the cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21.
  • ribs 43 or other measures improving the heat transfer can be provided in the cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21. Good heat transfer from the heat medium flowing through the cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 to the walls 3 takes place at these ribs 43.
  • the fan 25 which is expediently provided in the area of the hatch cover 9, ensures that the most ideal possible temperature compensation takes place. For this purpose, it keeps the air trapped in the hold 2 in motion and in this way avoids the formation of condensation.
  • the loading space cover 9 which is designed as a double-shell hatch cover, has, in the area of its connections 22 with an adjacent cavity 13, 20, 21 attachment points 26 at which the connections 22 are detachably attached, so that the hatch cover can be removed for loading and unloading.
  • closure members 27 are preferably provided, with which the attachment points 26 on the loading space cover 9 can be closed so that the water contained in the cavity 17 does not flow out. However, this water can be drained off before the loading space cover 9 is removed in order to reduce its weight.
  • a further hot water source can be provided. It is also possible to provide electrical heating instead of hot water heating, for example in the form of heating elements which extend uniformly over the walls 3 on their sides facing away from the loading space 2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
  • Outer Garments And Coats (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Loading Or Unloading Of Vehicles (AREA)
  • Removal Of Water From Condensation And Defrosting (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Warehouses Or Storage Devices (AREA)
  • Drying Of Gases (AREA)
  • Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)

Abstract

Bulk cargo which is sensitive to condensate is confined in the cargo area of a seagoing or other vessel in such a way that it comes into direct contact with the walls surrounding the cargo area and is also in contact with moisture-laden air filling the remainder of such area. In order to prevent condensation of moisture on the walls surrounding the cargo area, the temperature of the walls as well as the temperature of air in the cargo area is maintained at a value such that the moisture cannot condense on the walls. This can be achieved by heating the confined air and/or the walls and/or by reducing the moisture content of confined air and/or by a combination of such undertakings.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Stauen eines schwitzwassergefährdeten Gutes in einem Laderaum eines Schiffes, in dessen Inneren Luft bestimmbarer Feuchtigkeit und Temperatur eingeschlossen ist, die mit Wandungen in Berührung kommt, an denen eine Kondensation stattfinden kann und bei dem die Wandungen mindestens bereichsweise auf ein Temperaturniveau beheizt werden, auf dem eine Kondensation von Feuchtigkeit an den Wandungen verhindert wird.The invention relates to a method for stowing a condensation-prone good in a hold of a ship, in the interior of which air of determinable moisture and temperature is enclosed, which comes into contact with walls on which condensation can take place and in which the walls reach a temperature level at least in some areas be heated, on which a condensation of moisture on the walls is prevented.

Mit diesem Verfahren soll ein Wärmeabfluß aus gekühlten Teilen eines Laderaums dadurch verhindert werden, daß im Bereich dieses Wärmeabflusses Zwischenwandungen erwärmt werden. Zu diesem Zwecke werden an den Zwischenwandungen Heizungen angebracht. Mit Hilfe dieser Heizung wird ein Wärmestrom in den Bereich der zwischen den gekühlten Laderäumen angeordneten Wandungen erzeugt. Dieser Wärmestrom kompensiert den Wärmeabfluß aus den an die gekühlten Laderäume angrenzenden Wandungen und verhindert eine Kondensation von Feuchtigkeit im Bereich der Wandungsübergänge.This method is intended to prevent heat flow from cooled parts of a cargo space by heating intermediate walls in the area of this heat flow. For this purpose, heaters are attached to the partition walls. With the help of this heater, a heat flow is generated in the area of the walls arranged between the cooled cargo holds. This heat flow compensates for the heat flow from the walls adjacent to the cooled cargo holds and prevents condensation of moisture in the area of the wall transitions.

Mit Hilfe dieser Heizungen kann jedoch das Problem der Schwitzwasserbildung beim Transport von Massengütern nicht gelöst werden. Beim Transport derartiger Massengüter sind keine den Laderaum des Schiffes unterteilenden Innenwandungen oder Zwischenböden vorgesehen. Das Massengut wird vielmehr unmittelbar in den von den Außenwandungen, dem Boden und der Laderaumabdeckung begrenzten Laderaum hineingeschüttet. Daher reicht die Anordnung von Heizelementen im Bereich bestimmter Kältebrücken nicht aus, um eine Schwitzwasserbildung im Laderaum zu verhindern. Vielmehr wird Schwitzwasser an den Wandungen der Laderaume insbesondere dann entstehen, wenn das Schiff von warmen Gebieten, in denen es beladen worden ist, in kalte Gebiete fährt, wo sich die Laderaumwandungen auf eine Temperatur abkühlen, bei der die in der warmen Luft enthaltene Feuchtigkeit sich an den kalten Laderaumwandungen niederschlägt. Diese Kondensation führt zu einer großflächigen Scnwitzwasserbildung.With the help of these heaters, however, the problem of condensation water during the transport of bulk goods cannot be solved. When transporting such bulk goods, no inner walls or intermediate floors dividing the cargo space of the ship are provided. Rather, the bulk goods are poured directly into the cargo space delimited by the outer walls, the floor and the cargo area cover. The arrangement of heating elements in the area of certain cold bridges is therefore not sufficient to prevent condensation in the hold. Rather, condensation will form on the walls of the cargo holds, particularly when the ship is traveling from warm areas in which it has been loaded to cold areas, where the cargo area walls cool to a temperature at which the moisture contained in the warm air cools down on the cold walls of the cargo hold. This condensation leads to large-scale sweat water formation.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, das Verfahren der einleitend genannten Art so zu verbessern, daß auch schwitzwassergefährdete Güter als Massengut transportiert werden können. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Wandungen im Bereich ihrer gesamten dem Gut zugewandten Ausdehnung im Bereich ihrer dem Gut abgewandten Begrenzungen auf ein die Kondensation von Feuchtigkeit verhinderndes Temperaturniveau beheitzt werden, ein Wärmestrom von den Wann' Ingen in Richtung auf das Innere des Laderaumes erzeugt wird und sowohl die Temperaturen der das Ladegut umspülenden Umgebungsluft als auch die Temperaturen der Wandungen eine Kondensation von Feuchtigkeit im gesamten Bereich des Ladesraumes verhindernd geregelt werden.It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the method of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that goods which are susceptible to condensation can also be transported in bulk. This object is achieved in that the walls are heated in the area of their entire extent facing the goods in the area of their limits facing away from the goods to a temperature level preventing the condensation of moisture, a heat flow from the wann 'engineers towards the interior of the cargo space is generated and both the temperatures of the ambient air washing around the cargo and the temperatures of the walls are controlled to prevent condensation of moisture in the entire area of the cargo area.

Durch diese Verfahrensschritte kann zuverlässig im gesamten Bereich des Laderaumes eine Kondensation von FeuchtigKeit verhindert werden. Nicht nur auf den Laderaumwandungen sondern auch im Bereich des gesamten Laderaums und insbesondere an der Ladung selbst wird eine Kondensation der Feuchtigkeit verhindert. Gerade die von der Ladung belegten Teile der Laderaumwandung neigen besonders leicht zur Ausbildung von Schwitzwasser, da sie nicht genügend belüftet werden können. Auf Grund der in den Laderaum großflächig eingeleiteten Warme erhalten jedoch auch diese Teile der Wandungen ein Temperaturniveau, bei dem eine Kondensation der Feuchtigkeit ausgeschlossen ist. Dadurch wird verhindert, daß auf Grund von Feuchtigkeit Fäulnisnester unmittelbar im Bereich des gelagerten Gutes entstehen. Dieses gelangt vielmehr völlig trocken und ohne Fäulnisnester am Bestimmungsziel an.These process steps can reliably prevent moisture condensation in the entire area of the cargo hold. Condensation of the moisture is prevented not only on the load compartment walls but also in the area of the entire load space and in particular on the load itself. The parts of the load compartment wall occupied by the cargo are particularly prone to the formation of condensation water since they cannot be adequately ventilated. However, due to the heat introduced into the cargo area over a large area, these parts of the walls also have a temperature level at which moisture condensation is excluded. This prevents rotting nests from forming directly in the area of the stored goods due to moisture. Rather, it arrives at the destination completely dry and without rotting nests.

Darüber hinaus ist ein Schiff mit mindestens einem Laderaum bekannt, in dessen Inneren ein schwitzwassergefährdetes Gut gestaut und Luft bestimmbarer Feuchtigkeit und Temperatur eingeschlossen ist, die mit Wandungen in Berührung kommt, an denen eine Kondensation stattfinden kann.In addition, a ship is known with at least one hold, inside of which a condensation-prone good is stowed and air of determinable moisture and temperature is enclosed, which comes into contact with walls on which condensation can take place.

Solche Schiffe sind nicht geeignet, feuchtigkeitsempfindliche Güter als Massengut zu transportieren. An den Wandungen der Laderäume bildet sich Schwitzwasser insbesondere im Bereich des gestauten Gutes aus. Mit diesem Schwitzwasser kommt das gestaute Gut in Berührung und bildet Fäulnisnester aus, die sich um so schneller des gesamten gestauten Gutes bemächtigen können, um so besser die Vorbedingungen für die Ausbildung und das Wachsen von Fäulnisnestern sind. Insbesondere in angewärmten Laderäumen, die beispielsweise aus der GB-A 67 52 84 bekanntgeworden sind, breiten sich die Fäulnisnester mit großer Geschwindigkeit über das gesamte Ladegut aus.Such ships are not suitable for transporting moisture-sensitive goods in bulk. Condensation forms on the walls of the holds, particularly in the area of the stowed goods. The stagnant material comes into contact with this condensation water and forms putrefaction nests, which can take possession of the entire stowed goods the faster, the better the preconditions for the formation and growth of putrefaction nests. In particular in warmed cargo holds, which have become known, for example, from GB-A 67 52 84, the putrefaction nests spread over the entire cargo at high speed.

In ähnlicher Weise wird auch bei dem aus der französischen Patentschrift 919.123 bekanntgewordenen Verfahren eine Ausbildung von Fäulnisnestern und deren Ausweitung auf das gesamte Ladegut nicht verhindert sondern in einem erheblichen Umfange begünstigt. Auch bei diesem Verfahren wird aufgeheizte Luft durch den Laderaum geleitet. Sie wird zunächst zwischen eine den Laderaum begrenzende Innenwandung und eine das Schiff begrenzende Außenwandung geleitet und kann dann durch Öffnungen, die in der Innenwandung vorgesehen sind, in den Laderaum eintreten. Die Wandungen des Laderaums sind auf ihrer dem Gut abgewandten Außenseite isoliert, so daß Warme durch die Wandungen in den Ladearum nicht oder nur schwer übertragen werden kann. Damit wird verhindert, daß die Laderaumwandungen im Bereich des Gutes eine das Faulen des Gutes verhindernde Temperatur annehmen. Im Bereich des Gutes entstehen Fäulnisnester, deren Entstehung und Vergrößerung durch die in den Laderaum eingeleitete Warmluft begünstigt wird.In a similar way, the process known from French patent 919.123 does not prevent the formation of putrefaction nests and their expansion to the entire load, but favors them to a considerable extent. In this process, too, heated air is passed through the hold. It is first passed between an inner wall delimiting the cargo space and an outer wall delimiting the ship and can then enter the cargo space through openings provided in the inner wall. The walls of the loading space are insulated on their outside facing away from the goods, so that heat cannot be transferred through the walls into the loading area or only with difficulty. This prevents the cargo space walls in the area of the goods from reaching a temperature that prevents the goods from rotting to take. In the area of the property, putrefaction nests develop, the formation and enlargement of which is promoted by the warm air introduced into the cargo hold.

Aus der britischen Patentschrift 18 848 ist ein Schiff bekannt geworden, das einen von einer Innenwandung umschlossenen Laderaum aufweist. Zwischen der den Laderaum umschließenden Innenwandung und einer das Schiff begrenzenden Außenwandung befindet sich ein Zwischenraum, in dem klimatisierende Luft eingeleitet wird. Entsprechend des Einsatzgebietes des Schiffes kann mit Hilfe der entsprechend temperierten Luft dafür gesorgt werden, daß im Laderaum ein gewünschtes Klima erzeugt wird. Dabei ist jedoch nicht daran gedacht worden, die Laderaumwandungen auf eine Temperatur zu erhitzen, die ausreichend ist, um einen Wärmestrom durch die Laderaumwandungen hindurchtreten zu lassen, der ausreichend groß bemessen ist, um innerhalb des Laderaums eine Kondensation der sich im Laderaum befindlichen Luft zu verhindern. Vielmehr stellen sich an den Laderaumwandungen Kondensationserscheinigungen ein, die gerade im Bereich der Ladung besonders ausgeprägt sind und dort zu einem Verderbnis des gestauten Gutes fuhren.A ship has become known from British Patent Specification 18 848, which has a cargo space enclosed by an inner wall. There is an intermediate space between the inner wall surrounding the cargo space and an outer wall delimiting the ship, into which air conditioning air is introduced. Depending on the area of application of the ship, it can be ensured with the aid of the appropriately tempered air that a desired climate is generated in the hold. However, no consideration has been given to heating the cargo space walls to a temperature which is sufficient to allow a heat flow to pass through the cargo space walls and which is dimensioned sufficiently large to prevent condensation of the air in the cargo space . Rather, condensation phenomena appear on the cargo space walls, which are particularly pronounced in the area of the cargo and lead to a spoilage of the stowed goods there.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, das Schiff der einleitend genannten Art so zu verbessern, daß in seinem Laderaum schwitzwasserempfindliches Gut gestaut werden kann, ohne daß eine Schädigung dieses Gutes durch Schwitzwasser zu befürchten ist.The object of the present invention is therefore to improve the ship of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that condensation-sensitive goods can be stowed in its hold without fear of damage to the goods by condensation water.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die den Laderaum seitlich begrenzenden Wandungen; der den Laderaum in Schiffshochachse unten begrenzende Boden und eine dem Boden gegenüberliegende Laderaumabdeckung mindestens bereichsweise als beheizte, den Laderaum erwärmende doppelwandige Wärmeübertrager ausgebildet sind, die mindestens einen von einem Heizmedium durchströmten Innenraum aufweisen und mit mindestens einer die Temperatur sowohl der Luft als auch der Wandungen auf einem die Kondensation von Feuchtigkeit verhindernden Niveau haltenden Regeleinrichtung verbunden sind.This object is achieved in that the walls laterally delimiting the cargo space; the floor delimiting the cargo space in the ship's vertical axis at the bottom and a cargo space cover lying opposite the floor are at least partially formed as heated double-walled heat exchangers that heat the cargo space and have at least one interior through which a heating medium flows and with at least one the temperature of both the air and the walls are connected to a control device which keeps the condensation of moisture at a level.

Ein solches Schiff ist insbesondere als Massengutfrachter zur Beförderung von schwitzwasserempfindlichem Massengut geeignet. Bisher mußten schwitzwasserempfindliche Güter in besondere Verpackungseinheiten verpackt werden, die ihrerseits im Laderaum eines Stückgutfrachters gestaut wurden. So konnte beispielsweise Kaffee als Massengut nicht transportiert werden, obgleich die Transportkosten einen wesentlichen Teil der dem Preis von Kaffee zugrundeliegenden Kosten ausmacht. Nunmehr kann beispielsweise -auch Kaffee als Massengut in Laderäumen eines Massengutfrachters gestaut werden, ohne daß im Bereich der an den Wandungen anliegenden Guter damit gerechnet werden muß, daß sich dort Schwitzwasser ausbildet. Darüber hinaus kann das schwitzwassergefährdete Gut auch in Großeinheiten, beispielsweise Containern verpackt in die Laderäumen gestaut werden. Die in den entsprechend temperierten Laderäumen stehenden Container besitzen sowohl auf ihren Außenseiten als auch auf ihren dem gestauten Gut zugewandten Innenwandungen eine Temperatur, die ausreicht, um die Ausbildung von Schwitzwasser zu unterbinden. Durch den Transport des Kaffees als Massengut werden erhebliche Transportkosten eingespart.Such a ship is particularly suitable as a bulk carrier for the transport of bulk water-sensitive bulk goods. Until now, goods sensitive to condensation had to be packed in special packaging units, which in turn were stowed in the hold of a general cargo ship. For example, coffee could not be transported in bulk, although transportation costs make up a significant portion of the cost of coffee. Now, for example, coffee can also be stowed in bulk in the holds of a bulk carrier, without the risk of condensation forming in the area of the goods lying against the walls. In addition, the condensation-prone goods can also be packed in large units, such as containers, in the holds. The containers standing in the appropriately tempered cargo holds have a temperature on their outer sides as well as on their inner walls facing the stowed goods that is sufficient to prevent the formation of condensation. The transportation of coffee in bulk saves considerable transportation costs.

Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden ausführlichen Beschreibung und den beigefügten Zeichnungen, in denen eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung beispielsweise veranschaulicht ist.Further details of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated, for example.

In den Zeichnungen zeigen :

  • Fig. 1 Einen Querschnitt durch einen Schiffskörper mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Laderaum,
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt durch einen Laderaum entlang der Linie 11-11 in Fig. 1.
The drawings show:
  • 1 shows a cross section through a hull with a hold according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 shows a section through a loading space along the line 11-11 in FIG. 1.

Ein Schiff besteht aus einem Schiffskörper 1, der mindestens einen Laderaum 2 aufweist. Dieser Laderaum 2 ist allseits von Wandungen 3 umschlossen. Die Wandungen 3 bestehen aus einem Boden 4, zwei in Schiffslängsrichtung verlaufenden Seitenwänden 5, 6, zwei in Schiffsquerrichtung verlaufenden Querwänden 7, 8 und aus einer Abdeckung 9, die den Laderaum 2 auf seiner dem Boden 4 abgewandten Seite abschließt und als Lukendeckel ausgebildet ist.A ship consists of a hull 1, which has at least one cargo space 2. This cargo space 2 is enclosed on all sides by walls 3. The walls 3 consist of a floor 4, two side walls 5, 6 extending in the longitudinal direction of the ship, two transverse walls 7, 8 extending in the transverse direction of the ship and a cover 9 which closes the cargo space 2 on its side facing away from the floor 4 and is designed as a hatch cover.

Der Schiffskörper 1 ist zweischalig ausgebildet, so daß jeweils parallel zu den Seitenwänden 5, 6 und dem Boden 4 sich Außenwände 10, 11, 12 erstrecken, zwischen denen und den Seitenwänden 5, 6 und dem Boden 4 jeweils Hohlräume 13, 14, 15 ausgebildet sind.The hull 1 is designed with two shells, so that outer walls 10, 11, 12 extend parallel to the side walls 5, 6 and the bottom 4, between which and the side walls 5, 6 and the bottom 4 cavities 13, 14, 15 are formed are.

Auch die Abdeckung 9 ist zweischalig ausgebildet und weist eine parallel zu ihr verlaufende Außenwand 16 auf, die gemeinsam mit ihr einen Hohlraum 17 umschließt. Die Querwände 7, 8 weisen ebenfalls an ihren den Laderaum abgewandten Seiten parallel zu ihnen verlaufende Außenwände 18, 19 auf, die gemeinsam mit ihnen jeweils Hohlräume 20, 21 umschließen.The cover 9 is also double-shelled and has an outer wall 16 running parallel to it, which together with it encloses a cavity 17. The transverse walls 7, 8 likewise have outer walls 18, 19 running parallel to them on their sides facing away from the loading space, which together enclose cavities 20, 21 with them.

Sämtliche Hohlräume 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 erstrecken sich jeweils auf der dem Laderaum 2 abgewandten Seite 28 einer Wandung 3 über deren gesamten Flächenausdehnung. Die Hohlräume 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 sind über Verbindungen 22 jeweils mit mindestens einem benachbarten Hohlraum 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 verbunden. Die Hohlräume 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 sind von einem als Wärmemittel verwendeten Heizmedium durchströmt, das vorzugsweise aus warmem Wasser besteht. Als Wasser kann Kühlwasser verwendet werden, das von einer das Schiff antreibenden Schiffsmaschine 32 erwärmt wurde und über Zuleitungen 33 gleichmäßig über die Hohlräume 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 verteilt wird und von dort über Ableitungen 34 wieder zur Schiffsmaschine zurückgeführt wird. An mindestens einer Verbindung 22 zwischen zwei Hohlräumen 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 ist mindestens eine Umwälzpumpe 23 vorgesehen, mit deren Hilfe das in den Hohlräumen 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 befindliche warme Wasser ständig in Bewegung gehalten wird und zwischen den einzelnen Hohlräumen 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 ausgetauscht wird, um Temperaturdifferenzen an den Wandungen 3 zu vermeiden. Die Umwälzpumpe 23 sowie die Warmwasserzuführung wird von. einer Termostatsteuerung 31 gesteuert, die Temperaturfühler 29, 30 im Laderaum 2 aufweist und über die die Zuführung und Umwälzung des warmen Wassers in der Weise gesteuert wird, daß die Temperatur der Luft im Laderaum 2 während des gesamten Transportes konstant gehalten wird.All cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 each extend on the side 28 of a wall 3 facing away from the loading space 2 over its entire surface area. The cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 are each connected to at least one adjacent cavity 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 via connections 22. The cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 are flowed through by a heating medium used as a heating medium, which preferably consists of warm water. Cooling water can be used as water, which has been heated by a ship's engine 32 and is distributed evenly over the cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 via feed lines 33 and from there is led back to the ship's engine via leads 34. On at least one connection 22 between two cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 at least one circulation pump 23 is provided, with the aid of which the hot water located in the cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 is constantly in motion is held and is exchanged between the individual cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 in order to avoid temperature differences on the walls 3. The circulation pump 23 and the hot water supply is from. controlled by a thermostat control 31, which has temperature sensors 29, 30 in the hold 2 and via which the supply and circulation of the warm water is controlled in such a way that the temperature of the air in the hold 2 is kept constant during the entire transport.

Schwitzwassergefährdete Ladung wird in einem Verladehafen in den Laderaum 2 eingefüllt. Dabei dringt gleichzeitig die im Verladehafen vorhandene Umgebungsluft in den Laderaum 2 ein. Sie ist insbesondere in überseeischen Häfen von relativ hoher Temperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit. Darüber hinaus besitzt auch die Ladung eine relativ hohe Temperatur. Sie wird als Schüttgut in den Laderaum 2 eingefüllt.Loads that are susceptible to condensation are filled into loading space 2 in a loading port. At the same time, the ambient air in the loading port penetrates into the cargo hold 2. It is of relatively high temperature and humidity, especially in overseas ports. In addition, the charge also has a relatively high temperature. It is filled into the loading space 2 as bulk material.

Nach dem der Laderaum. 2 gefüllt worden ist, wird die als Lukendeckel ausgebildete Laderaumabdeckung 9 geschlossen. Sodann kann das Schiff auslaufen. Auf nördlicher Fahrtroute wird das Schiff in Seegebiete gelangen, in denen sowohl die Luft- als auch die Wassertemperatur erheblich unter derjenigen im Verladehafen liegen. Insbesondere die Außenwände 10, 11, 12 des Schiffes kühlen sich stark ab. Die im Laderaum 2 enthaltene Luft kommt mit den Außenwänden 10, 11, 12 in Berührung, kühlt sich dort stark ab, so daß sie sich dem Kondensationspunkt der in ihr gelösten Flüssigkeit nähert. Um die Kondensation der Feuchtigkeit zu verhindern, wird das Wärmemedium durch die Hohlräume 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 mit Hilfe der Umwälzpumpen 23 bewegt. Das Wärmemedium besitzt die Temperatur der im Laderaum 2 eingeschlossenen Luft, so daß diese sich an den Wandungen 3 nicht abkühlen kann. Sie ist in der Lage, die in ihr enthaltene Feuchtigkeit gelöst zu halten, ohne daß an irgendeiner Stelle Kondensationserscheinungen zu Tage treten.After the cargo space. 2 has been filled, the loading space cover 9 designed as a hatch cover is closed. Then the ship can sail. On the northern route, the ship will reach sea areas where both the air and water temperatures are significantly lower than those in the loading port. In particular, the outer walls 10, 11, 12 of the ship cool down considerably. The air contained in the cargo space 2 comes into contact with the outer walls 10, 11, 12, cools down there greatly, so that it approaches the condensation point of the liquid dissolved in it. In order to prevent the condensation of moisture, the heat medium is moved through the cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 with the help of the circulation pumps 23. The heat medium has the temperature of the air enclosed in the cargo space 2, so that it cannot cool down on the walls 3. It is able to keep the moisture it contains dissolved without showing any signs of condensation at any point.

Um die Temperatur auf dem vorgegebenen Niveau zu halten, tasten die Termostate die Temperatur an den Wandungen 3 ab. Die Meßergebnisse werden in die Termostatsteuerung 31 eingegeben. Diese steuert die Umwälzpumpe 23, mit deren Hilfe eine den jeweiligen Temperaturverhältnissen entsprechenden Menge Kühlwasser umgepumpt wird, das im heißen Zustand an einem Ausgang 35 die Schiffsmaschine verläßt und im abgekühlten Zustand über die Ableitungen 34 an einem Eingang 36 wieder in die Schiffsmaschine 32 eintritt.In order to keep the temperature at the predetermined level, the termostats scan the temperature on the walls 3. The measurement results are entered into the termostat control 31. This controls the circulating pump 23, with the aid of which a quantity of cooling water corresponding to the respective temperature conditions is pumped, which leaves the ship's engine at the outlet 35 in the hot state and re-enters the ship's machine 32 via the derivatives 34 at an inlet 36.

Dabei ist es auch möglich, nicht unmittelbar das Kühlwasser über die Umwälzpumpe 23 durch die Hohlräume 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 hindurch zu pumpen. Vielmehr kann zwischen dem Ausgang 35 und dem Eingang 36 der Schiffsmaschine 32 ein vom Kühlwasser durchflossener Wärmeübertrager angeordnet sein, der im Beispiel nicht dargestellt ist. Innerhalb dieses Wärmeübertragers wird das Wärmemedium soweit aufgeheizt, daß es in der Lage ist, sowohl die Wandungen 3 als auch das Innere des Laderaums 2 auf einer Temperatur zu halten, bei der eine Kondensation der in der Luft gelösten Feuchtigkeit vermieden wird.It is also possible not to directly pump the cooling water through the cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 through the circulation pump 23. Rather, a heat exchanger through which the cooling water flows can be arranged between the outlet 35 and the inlet 36 of the ship's engine 32, which heat exchanger is not shown in the example. Within this heat exchanger, the heat medium is heated to the extent that it is able to keep both the walls 3 and the interior of the cargo space 2 at a temperature at which condensation of the moisture dissolved in the air is avoided.

Die Wärme kann von den Wandungen 3 unmittelbar in das Innere des Laderaums 2 abgeleitet werden. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, im Inneren des Laderaums 2 vom Wärmemedium durchflossene Heizaggregate aufzustellen, die die Wärme unmittelbar an die Ladung und an die sie umgebende Luft abgeben. Schließlich ist es denkbar, daß sich im Inneren des Laderaumes 2 Längsschotten 37 und Querschotten 38 erstrecken, die über Verbindungen 22 mit den Hohlräumen 13, 14, 15, 21 in Verbindung stehen. Auch von diesen Längsschotten 37 und Querschotten 38 kann Wärme an das Innere des Laderaums 2 abgegeben werden.The heat can be dissipated from the walls 3 directly into the interior of the hold 2. However, it is also possible to set up heating units through which the heat medium flows in the interior of the loading space 2 and which emit the heat directly to the load and to the air surrounding it. Finally, it is conceivable that 2 longitudinal bulkheads 37 and transverse bulkheads 38 extend in the interior of the loading space, which are connected to the cavities 13, 14, 15, 21 via connections 22. These longitudinal bulkheads 37 and transverse bulkheads 38 can also give off heat to the interior of the loading space 2.

Darüber hinaus ist es auch denkbar, im Inneren des Laderaums 2 einen Meßfühler 39 zu installieren, der dazu geeignet ist, die Feuchtigkeit der im Laderaum 2 eingeschlossenen Luft zu messen. Dieser Meßfühler 39 ist über eine Meßleitung 40 mit einem Rechner 41 verbunden. Gleichzeitig werden über eine weitere Leitung 42 Steuerungsimpulse der Termostatsteuerung 31 in den Rechner 41 eingespeist. Dieser Rechner 41 besitzt ein Programm, mit dessen Hilfe der Kondensationspunkt von Feuchtigkeit berechnet werden kann, die in der. im Laderaum 2 eingeschlossenen Luft gelöst ist. Entsprechend dem vom Rechner 41 festgestellten Feuchtigkeitswert wird die Termostatsteuerung 31 auf ein Temperaturniveau gesteuert, bei dem die Kondensation der Feuchtigkeit im Laderaum 2 gerade vermieden wird. Auf diese Weise ist es denkbar, die Temperatur im Laderaum 2 auf ein Niveau abzusenken, das unterhalb des Temperaturniveaus liegt, bei dem sich die im Verladehafen in den Laderaum 2 eingedrungene Luft befindet. Die Absenkung der im Laderaum 2 befindlichen Temperatur kann jedoch nur soweit erfolgen, daß die Ausbildung von Schwitzwasser insbesondere im Bereich der Wandungen 3 zuverlässig vermieden wird. Um insoweit über die notwendige Sicherheit zu verfügen, können mehrere Meßfühler 39 im Laderaum 2 und an den Wandungen 3 verteilt sein.In addition, it is also conceivable to install a measuring sensor 39 in the interior of the cargo space 2, which is suitable for measuring the humidity of the air enclosed in the cargo space 2. This sensor 39 is connected to a computer 41 via a measuring line 40. At the same time, control pulses from the termostat control 31 are fed into the computer 41 via a further line 42. This computer 41 has a program that can be used to calculate the condensation point of moisture in the. air trapped in the hold 2 is released. According to the moisture value determined by the computer 41, the thermostat control 31 is controlled to a temperature level at which the condensation of the moisture in the cargo space 2 is just being avoided. In this way, it is conceivable to lower the temperature in the loading space 2 to a level which is below the temperature level at which the air which has entered the loading space 2 in the loading port is located. However, the temperature in the hold 2 can only be reduced to such an extent that the formation of condensation water, in particular in the region of the walls 3, is reliably avoided. In order to have the necessary security to this extent, several sensors 39 can be distributed in the cargo space 2 and on the walls 3.

Schließlich ist es denkbar, die Feuchtigkeit der im Laderaum 2 eingeschlossenen Luft abzusenken. Je trockener die Luft ist, umso weiter kann die Temperatur im Laderaum 2 abgesenkt werden. Die Trocknung der Luft kann mit Hilfe von Entfeuchtem vorgenommen werden. Zu diesem Zwecke wird die feuchte Luft aus dem Laderaum 2 abgesaugt und im getrockneten Zustand dem Laderaum 2 wieder zugeführt.Finally, it is conceivable to lower the humidity of the air enclosed in the hold 2. The drier the air, the further the temperature in the hold 2 can be lowered. The air can be dried using dehumidifiers. For this purpose, the moist air is sucked out of the hold 2 and fed back to the hold 2 in the dried state.

Bei der Erwärmung der Luft ist darauf zu achten, daß das Temperaturniveau im gesamten Laderaum 2 nicht unter den Kondensationspunkt fällt. Da die Wärme von den Wandungen 3 in den Laderaum 2 eingeleitet wird, ist es denkbar, daß die Temperatur im Inneren des Laderaumes 2 niedriger als.an den Wandungen 3. Diese Möglichkeit ist umso mehr gegeben, als die Ladung einen schlechten Wärmeleiter bildet. Dabei ist insbesondere zu berücksichtigen, daß die außer der Ladung im Laderaum 2 befindliche Luft einen schlechten Wärmeleiter darstellt. Je schlechter die die Ladung und die Luft die Wärme leiten umso höher müssen die Wandungen 3 aufgeheizt werden. Für eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Wärme sorgen darüber -hinaus die Längsschotten 37 und Querschotten 38.When the air is heated, care must be taken to ensure that the temperature level in the entire cargo hold 2 does not fall below the condensation point. Since the heat is introduced from the walls 3 into the cargo space 2, it is conceivable that the temperature in the interior of the cargo space 2 is lower than at the walls 3. This possibility is all the more given that the charge forms a poor heat conductor. In particular, to take into account that the air outside the cargo in the hold 2 is a poor heat conductor. The worse the charge and the air conduct the heat, the higher the walls 3 have to be heated. The longitudinal bulkheads 37 and transverse bulkheads 38 also ensure a uniform distribution of the heat.

Um eine übermäßige Wärmeabstrahlung nach Außenbord während des Tranportes zu vermeiden, sind sämtliche Außenwände 10, 11, 12, 16, 18, 19 mit Isolierungen 24 versehen, die sich jeweils über die gesamten Flächen der Außenwände 10, 11, 12, 16, 18, 19 jeweils an den den Hohlräumen 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 zugekehrten Seiten erstrecken. Darüber hinaus können in den Hohlräumen 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 Rippen 43 oder andere den Wärmeübergang verbessernde Maßnahmen vorgesehen sein. An diesen Rippen 43 findet ein guter Wärmeübergang von dem durch die Hohlräume 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 strömenden Wärmemedium an die Wandungen 3 statt. Darüber hinaus ist es denkbar, ähnliche Maßnahmen innerhalb des Laderaumes 2 vorzusehen. Da derartige Maßnahmen aber möglicherweise das Stauen und Entladen der Ladung erschweren, wird in den meisten Fällen wohl innerhalb des Laderaumes 2 von derartigen Maßnahmen abzusehen sein. Da sich geringfügige Temperaturunterschiede zwischen den Wandungen nicht werden vermeiden lassen, sorgt der Ventilator 25, der zweckmäßigerweise im Bereich der Lukenabdeckung 9 vorgesehen ist, dafür, daß ein möglichst idealer Temperaturausgleich stattfindet. Zu diesen Zweck hält er die im Laderaum 2 eingeschlossene Luft in Bewegung und vermeidet auf diese Weise die Schwitzwasserbildung.In order to avoid excessive heat radiation to the outboard during transport, all outer walls 10, 11, 12, 16, 18, 19 are provided with insulation 24, each of which extends over the entire surfaces of the outer walls 10, 11, 12, 16, 18, 19 each extend on the sides facing the cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21. In addition, ribs 43 or other measures improving the heat transfer can be provided in the cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21. Good heat transfer from the heat medium flowing through the cavities 13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21 to the walls 3 takes place at these ribs 43. In addition, it is conceivable to provide similar measures within the cargo space 2. However, since such measures may make stowage and unloading of the cargo more difficult, in most cases such measures will probably be avoided within the cargo space 2. Since slight differences in temperature between the walls cannot be avoided, the fan 25, which is expediently provided in the area of the hatch cover 9, ensures that the most ideal possible temperature compensation takes place. For this purpose, it keeps the air trapped in the hold 2 in motion and in this way avoids the formation of condensation.

Die als zweischaliger Lukendeckel ausgebildete Laderaumabdeckung 9 weist im Bereich ihrer Verbindungen 22 mit einem benachbarten Hohlraum 13. 14, 20. 21 Ansatzstellen 26 auf, an denen die Verbindungen 22 lösbar angesetzt sind, damit der Lukendeckel zum Be- und Entladen abgenommen werden kann. An den Ansatzstellen 26 der Laderaumabdeckung 9 sind vorzugsweise Verschlußglieder 27 vorgesehen, mit denen die Ansatzstellen 26 an der Laderaumabdeckung 9 verschlossen werden können, damit das in dem Hohlraum 17 enthaltene Wasser nicht ausströmt. Dieses Wasser kann jedoch vor Abnahme der Laderaumabdeckung 9 abgelassen werden, um deren Gewicht zu verringern.The loading space cover 9, which is designed as a double-shell hatch cover, has, in the area of its connections 22 with an adjacent cavity 13, 20, 21 attachment points 26 at which the connections 22 are detachably attached, so that the hatch cover can be removed for loading and unloading. At the attachment points 26 of the loading space cover 9, closure members 27 are preferably provided, with which the attachment points 26 on the loading space cover 9 can be closed so that the water contained in the cavity 17 does not flow out. However, this water can be drained off before the loading space cover 9 is removed in order to reduce its weight.

Es ist auch möglich, die Wandungen 3 nicht durch parallel zu ihnen verlaufende, mit Warmwasser gefüllte Hohlräume zu beheizen sondern Heizschlangen entlang der Wandungen 3 auf den dem Laderaum 2 abgewandten Seiten entlang zu führen. Die Heizschlangen können dabei ebenfalls mit warmen Wasser durchströmt sein.It is also possible not to heat the walls 3 through hollow spaces filled with hot water running parallel to them, but to guide heating coils along the walls 3 along the sides facing away from the loading space 2. Warm water can also flow through the heating coils.

Für den Fall, daß die Abwärmeleistung der Schiffsmaschine nicht ausreicht, genügend warmes Wasser für die Beheizung eines Laderaumes 2 zur Verfügung zu stellen, kann eine weitere Warmwasserquelle vorgesehen sein. Es ist auch möglich, anstelle einer Warmwasserheizung eine elektrische Heizung vorzusehen, beispielsweise in Form von Heizelementen, die sich gleichmäßig über die Wandungen 3 auf ihren dem Laderaum 2 abgewandten Seiten erstrecken.In the event that the waste heat output of the marine engine is not sufficient to provide enough hot water for heating a cargo hold 2, a further hot water source can be provided. It is also possible to provide electrical heating instead of hot water heating, for example in the form of heating elements which extend uniformly over the walls 3 on their sides facing away from the loading space 2.

Claims (17)

1. A method of stowing material which is endangered by sweating in a hold (2) in a ship, in the interior of which is enclosed air of determinable humidity content and temperature, which comes into contact with walls (3) at which condensation can occur, and in which the walls (3) are heated at least in a region-wise manner to a temperature level at which condensation of moisture on the walls is prevented, characterised in that the walls (3) are heated to a temperature level for preventing the condensation of moisture, in the region of their entire extent which is towards the material, in the region of their boundaries which are remote from the material, a flow of beat from the walls (3) towards the interior of the hold (2) is produced and both the temperatures of the ambient air flowing around the material and also the temperatures of the walls (3) are regulated to prevent condensation of moisture in the entire region of the hold (2).
2. A method according to claim 1 characterised in that the humidity of the air is regulated to a level at which condensation of the moisture on the walls (3) is prevented.
3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the humidity and temperature of the volume of air are measured, the condensation point thereof is calculated and the volume of air and the walls (3) are held at a temperature which is above the condensation point.
4. A method according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterised in that moisture is removed from the volume of air.
5. A method according to one of claims 1 to 4 characterised in that on their boundaries which are remote from the material the walls (3) are heated by a beat carrier which is kept above a condensation temperature and the circulation of which is controlled in dependence on the temperatures of the air and the walls (3), as measured in the hold (2).
6. A method according to one of claims 1 to 5 characterised in that the temperature of a gas which is used as a beat carrier is regulated to a level which prevents condensation of the moisture.
7. A ship comprising at least one hold (2), in the interior of which is enclosed air of determinable humidity and temperature, which comes into contact with walls (3) at which condensation can occur, characterised in that the side walls (5, 6) which laterally define the hold (2), the floor (4) which defines the hold (2) at the bottom on the vertical axis of the ship and a cover (9) which is disposed in opposite relationship to the floor (4) are at least in a region-wise manner in the form of heated, double-walled heat exchangers which beat the hold (2) and which have at least one internal space through which flows a heating medium, and which are connected to at least one regulating means which holds the temperature both of the air and of the wall (3) at a level which prevents the condensation of moisture.
8. A ship according to claim 7 characterised in that there is provided a control means for influencing the humidity in the air.
9. A ship according to one of claims 7 and 8 characterised in that the walls (3) are in the form of heat exchangers.
10. A ship according to one of claims 7 to 9 characterised in that the hold cover (9) is in the form of a hatch cover through which the beat carrier flows.
11. A ship according to one of claims 7 to 10 characterised in that at least the walls (3) are in the form of a double shell through which the beat carrier flows.
12. A ship according to claim 11 characterised in that the double shell has installations (43) for promoting the transfer of beat, in its hollow space (13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21) through which the beat carrier flows.
13. A ship according to one of claims 11 and 12 characterised in that provided in the hollow space (13, 14, 15, 17, 20, 21) of the double shell is an insulation (24) which is fixed on an outside shell of the double shell, which is remote from the hold (2).
14. A ship according to one of claims 7 to 13 characterised in that there is provided a heat exchanger which is fed on the primary side by the cooling water of the ship's engine (32) and on the secondary side by a medium which is to be used as a heat carrier.
15. A ship according to claim 14 characterised in that a gas is provided as the medium.
16. A ship according to one of claims 7 to 15 characterised in that provided in the hold (2) is a . fan (25) for circulating the air contained in the hold (2).
17. A ship according to one of claims 7 to 16 characterised in that communications (22) for the heat carrier to flow therethrough are provided between the double shells.
EP84105342A 1983-05-16 1984-05-11 Method and device for stowing goods which can be destroyed by condensed water Expired - Lifetime EP0126395B1 (en)

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DE19833317776 DE3317776A1 (en) 1983-05-16 1983-05-16 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR STOCKING A GOODS THAT ARE HAZARDOUS TO SWEATER

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FR919123A (en) * 1945-12-18 1947-02-27 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Method of preventing moisture deterioration of goods in the holds of cargo ships and similar premises
GB675284A (en) * 1949-03-24 1952-07-09 Iain Maxwell Stewart Improvements in means for the prevention of condensation in metal structures such as ships
FR1155550A (en) * 1956-07-05 1958-05-05 Refrigeration process for ship holds
FR1328163A (en) * 1962-07-06 1963-05-24 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Installation for ventilation of ship's holds
NL6610386A (en) * 1965-07-26 1967-01-27
JPS53122239A (en) * 1977-03-31 1978-10-25 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Dew condensation preventive control apparatus for articles stored in storage warehouse
EP0037843A1 (en) * 1980-04-16 1981-10-21 Marinetechnik Planungs-GmbH Air conditioning device for a multitude of rooms, especially ship's rooms

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6035687A (en) 1985-02-23
DK239484A (en) 1984-11-17
ATE50745T1 (en) 1990-03-15
US4799621A (en) 1989-01-24
DK162708B (en) 1991-12-02
DD218870A5 (en) 1985-02-20
DK239484D0 (en) 1984-05-15
ES8502392A1 (en) 1985-01-01
CA1268170A (en) 1990-04-24
DK162708C (en) 1992-04-27
PL247685A1 (en) 1985-01-16
KR840008783A (en) 1984-12-19
EP0126395A1 (en) 1984-11-28
ES532497A0 (en) 1985-01-01
DE3317776C2 (en) 1991-01-17
PL146339B1 (en) 1989-01-31
DE3317776A1 (en) 1984-11-29

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