EP0125933B1 - Procédé de combustion du bitume - Google Patents

Procédé de combustion du bitume Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0125933B1
EP0125933B1 EP84400284A EP84400284A EP0125933B1 EP 0125933 B1 EP0125933 B1 EP 0125933B1 EP 84400284 A EP84400284 A EP 84400284A EP 84400284 A EP84400284 A EP 84400284A EP 0125933 B1 EP0125933 B1 EP 0125933B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
bitumen
oxygen
uhf
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84400284A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0125933A1 (fr
Inventor
Aymé Cornu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Publication of EP0125933A1 publication Critical patent/EP0125933A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0125933B1 publication Critical patent/EP0125933B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • G21F9/32—Processing by incineration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
    • F23G2204/201—Plasma
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/18—Radioactive materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to techniques for destroying bitumens or pitches by combustion. It applies in particular, although in a nonlimiting manner, to the combustion of bitumens used for the storage by coating of radioactive waste originating from the operation of nuclear power plants,
  • bitumens which however consist essentially of hydrocarbons, burn very difficult.
  • the present invention specifically relates to a particularly efficient combustion process which is very simple to use.
  • This process is characterized in that the bitumen is first softened by preheating and in that it is then introduced into a combustion chamber proper, traversed by excess oxygen subjected to ionization by a intense UHF electric field, so as to bring the surface of the bitumen to a temperature above 1000 ° C and to ensure its rapid vaporization and combustion in the oxygen plasma thus created.
  • the easy combustion of the bitumen previously softened by preheating is thus achieved, by combining the combination of two means which act in synergy, namely the presence of excess oxygen and the production of '' a plasma of this gas which is ionized by an ultra high frequency UHF electric field intended to bring the surface of the bitumen to a temperature above 1000 ° C and commonly between 1100 and 13000 C.
  • the frequency chosen for the UHF electric field is preferably between 50 and 100 MHz and a power of 5 to 60 KW.
  • this heating to UHF of the oxygen plasma is one of the characteristics essential for the proper functioning of the bitumen combustion process.
  • the frequency of the UHF electric field is adjusted in each particular case according to the composition of the bitumen to be treated.
  • a range of frequencies between 50 and 100 MHz is perfectly suitable and makes it possible to heat the binder rather than the structural materials (such as quartz or the various ceramics).
  • the useful heating power is most often between 5 and 60 KW and the combustion stops if the energy is dropped below a certain threshold.
  • the applied UHF field has the effect of causing and maintaining both the heating and the vaporization of the pitch in the oxygen atmosphere; the combustion flame is generally very short.
  • the pitch or bitumen to be destroyed by combustion generally falls into the viscous state by gravity in a combustion chamber with insulating walls in which a pressure of oxygen is maintained at a value of 1 to 2 bars absolute.
  • the combustion chamber is surrounded by a jacket cooled for example with water to remove the radiation heat and swept outside by a flow of air which also extracts part of the calories by conduction, l heated water that can be used to preheat bitumen.
  • the present invention also relates to an application of the above bitumen combustion process to the reprocessing of bitumens loaded with radioactive waste for the purpose of separating and recovering the latter, which can thus be used for further processing or repackaging.
  • the process which is the subject of the invention makes it possible in this case to transform all the mineral residues and in particular the radioactive waste which is most often found in the form of salts in the mass of the bitumen into oxides which come to deposit by flocculation in a chute located at the base of the combustion chamber, from where they can be transferred and accumulated in a storage container.
  • a carbon dioxide detector CO contained in these combustion gases is placed at the outlet of the combustion chamber and makes it possible to alert the operator; in if such a gas is detected, then it suffices to react by increasing the temperature and / or the oxygen pressure to increase the oxygenation rate, that is to say the combustion of the entire pitch and waste or various compounds it contains.
  • the only combustion gases that leave the atmosphere after passing through the absolute filter are oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and sulfur dioxide depending on the sulfur content of the bitumen consumed. In some cases it may be necessary to provide a purification of the SO 3 ions possibly produced and contained in the combustion gases.
  • the process involves only the quantity of oxygen necessary for combustion, with however a slight excess to offset the risks of insufficient oxidation, but without nitrogen which would be, in the case where one would use l air, an important reaction retarder and would also produce very harmful nitrogen oxides.
  • the volume of the installation is reduced to the strict minimum and the combustion chamber made of refractory material, such as quartz or alumina, is completely closed to circulation near oxygen, which facilitates the confinement of radioactive products combustion residues .
  • These which come from the initial radioactive charge of the bitumen and the normal ashes of this bitumen are obtained in the form of a dry powder having a maximum degree of oxidation, that is to say in a state which makes them very easily usable for a subsequent treatment of vitrification or insertion in concrete or epoxy resin if necessary.
  • a pitch barrel 1 is shown overturned in a funnel-shaped container 2 equipped with an electrical resistance or a circulation of heating liquid 3 allowing preheating and softening of the pitch. 4 which flows to the bottom of the container 2.
  • An alumina nozzle 5 conducts this molten pitch as far as the combustion chamber 6, the upper part 7 of which is made of quartz and the lower part 8 of which is made of stainless steel with a side jacket 9 traversed by a circulation of cooling water .
  • an alumina gasket 10 sealing with the alumina nozzle 5 and, around the cylindrical quartz part of the combustion chamber 6, there are a number of turns 11 intended to be supplied by conductors 12 and 13 with very high frequency electric current.
  • In chamber 6 there is an inlet 14 for the admission of oxygen under pressure and an outlet 15 for the evacuation of the reaction gases and the excess oxygen.
  • an automatic flow control valve 17 which makes it possible to control the quantity and the pressure of the oxygen passing through the combustion chamber 6, a detector 18 of carbon monoxide CO possibly present. in the exhaust gases and an absolute filter 19 at the outlet of which the purified combustion gases are discharged into the atmosphere according to the arrows 20.
  • a funnel-shaped collector 21 which collects the ashes from the combustion of the bitumen 4 in the chamber 6 and leads them by gravity into a chute 22 subjected to the vibrations of a hammer percussion 23 into a container 24 for collecting said radioactive ash located at the bottom of the installation.
  • the preheating of the pitch 4 in the enclosure 2 is carried out by means of the heating means 3 at a temperature of the order of 100 to 150 ° C. depending on its softening point.
  • a grid calibrated to 1/4 of the diameter of the discharge tube and not shown in the figure can be useful to retain the largest particles.
  • the pitch is rapidly overheated using the intense UHF field produced by the turns 11, a field whose frequency is of the order of 100 MHz in a particular example of implementation, the electric power involved being of the order of 5 to 60 KW to bring the surface of the pitch to a temperature in this same example between 1100 ° C and 1300 ° C.
  • the flow rate and the pressure of the oxygen gas entering 14 into the enclosure 6 are chosen so that the combustion takes place in the presence of an excess of this gas so as to avoid incomplete combustion which would then be detected in the form of the existence of carbon monoxide CO at the level of the detector 18.
  • at the output 20 of the absolute filter 19 there appear only the gases O2, CO 2 , H 2 0 and S0 2 completely free of any trace of radioactivity or of corrosive dust or aerosols.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP84400284A 1983-02-17 1984-02-10 Procédé de combustion du bitume Expired EP0125933B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8302581 1983-02-17
FR8302581A FR2541428A1 (fr) 1983-02-17 1983-02-17 Procede de combustion du bitume

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0125933A1 EP0125933A1 (fr) 1984-11-21
EP0125933B1 true EP0125933B1 (fr) 1987-04-29

Family

ID=9286010

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84400284A Expired EP0125933B1 (fr) 1983-02-17 1984-02-10 Procédé de combustion du bitume

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4631384A (el)
EP (1) EP0125933B1 (el)
JP (1) JPS59195025A (el)
CA (1) CA1227120A (el)
DE (1) DE3463422D1 (el)
FR (1) FR2541428A1 (el)

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4778586A (en) * 1985-08-30 1988-10-18 Resource Technology Associates Viscosity reduction processing at elevated pressure
FR2615523B1 (fr) * 1987-05-22 1990-06-01 Electricite De France Procede d'hydrocraquage d'une charge d'hydrocarbures et installation d'hydrocraquage pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
US4818371A (en) * 1987-06-05 1989-04-04 Resource Technology Associates Viscosity reduction by direct oxidative heating
US5370066A (en) * 1989-09-21 1994-12-06 Phoenix Environmental, Ltd. Method for making solid waste material environmentally safe using heat
US5230292A (en) * 1989-09-21 1993-07-27 Phoenix Environmental, Ltd. Apparatus for making solid waste material environmentally safe using heat
US5199363A (en) * 1989-09-21 1993-04-06 Phoenix Environmental, Ltd. Method and apparatus for making solid waste material environmentally safe using heat
US5065680A (en) * 1989-09-21 1991-11-19 Phoenix Environmental, Ltd. Method and apparatus for making solid waste material environmentally safe using heat
US5127347A (en) * 1989-09-21 1992-07-07 Phoenix Environmental, Ltd. Method and apparatus for the reduction of solid waste material using coherent radiation
US5272718A (en) * 1990-04-09 1993-12-21 Leybold Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for forming a stream of molten material
DE4032045A1 (de) * 1990-10-09 1992-04-23 Uhde Gmbh Verfahren zur partiellen oxidation von bitumenoelemulsionen
DE4102101C2 (de) * 1991-01-25 2003-12-18 Ald Vacuum Techn Ag Einrichtung zum Herstellen von Pulvern aus Metallen
US5976488A (en) * 1992-07-02 1999-11-02 Phoenix Environmental, Ltd. Process of making a compound having a spinel structure
US5611947A (en) * 1994-09-07 1997-03-18 Alliant Techsystems, Inc. Induction steam plasma torch for generating a steam plasma for treating a feed slurry
US5762009A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-06-09 Alliant Techsystems, Inc. Plasma energy recycle and conversion (PERC) reactor and process
US7244401B1 (en) 1998-11-13 2007-07-17 Ir Systems International Apparatus for separation of constituents from matrices
JP4374776B2 (ja) * 2000-12-19 2009-12-02 富士電機ホールディングス株式会社 放射性廃棄物の減容装置およびその運転方法
JPWO2005033582A1 (ja) * 2003-10-01 2006-12-14 阿部　俊廣 燃焼装置
US7854775B2 (en) * 2006-05-12 2010-12-21 InEn Tec, LLC Combined gasification and vitrification system
US9206364B2 (en) 2006-05-12 2015-12-08 Inentec Inc. Gasification system
US8118892B2 (en) * 2006-05-12 2012-02-21 Inentec Llc Gasification system
US9222039B2 (en) 2008-01-14 2015-12-29 Inentec Inc. Grate for high temperature gasification systems
FR2953278B1 (fr) * 2009-11-27 2012-01-27 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede et dispositif de destruction thermique de composes organiques par un plasma d'induction.
FR3009642B1 (fr) * 2013-08-08 2018-11-09 Areva Nc Procede et installation d'incineration, fusion et vitrification de dechets organiques et metalliques
DE102013022096B4 (de) * 2013-12-20 2020-10-29 Nanoval Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum tiegelfreien Schmelzen eines Materials und zum Zerstäuben des geschmolzenen Materials zum Herstellen von Pulver
FR3077368B1 (fr) * 2018-01-26 2020-09-11 Constructions Mec Consultants Procede et systeme de traitement d'oxydation par voie humide

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1224861B (de) * 1958-11-18 1966-09-15 Wilhelm Ruppmann Kommanditgese Abfallveraschungs-Muffelofen
JPS4840437B1 (el) * 1970-12-21 1973-11-30
US4141694A (en) * 1977-08-26 1979-02-27 Technology Application Services Corporation Apparatus for the gasification of carbonaceous matter by plasma arc pyrolysis
JPS55101100A (en) * 1979-01-27 1980-08-01 Daido Steel Co Ltd Method of canning radioactive solid waste
CA1142353A (en) * 1979-11-01 1983-03-08 Toshio Adachi Melting furnace for radioactive wastes
US4344839A (en) * 1980-07-07 1982-08-17 Pachkowski Michael M Process for separating oil from a naturally occurring mixture
US4338870A (en) * 1980-12-05 1982-07-13 Holley Electric Corp. High temperature oxygen hazardous waste incinerator
US4398475A (en) * 1981-06-15 1983-08-16 Ssk Corporation Hazardous waste incineration system
US4479443A (en) * 1982-03-08 1984-10-30 Inge Faldt Method and apparatus for thermal decomposition of stable compounds

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0125933A1 (fr) 1984-11-21
FR2541428B1 (el) 1985-03-22
CA1227120A (en) 1987-09-22
FR2541428A1 (fr) 1984-08-24
JPS59195025A (ja) 1984-11-06
DE3463422D1 (en) 1987-06-04
US4631384A (en) 1986-12-23

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