EP0117213B1 - Apparatus for cold-forming metal workpieces having opposite axial elements - Google Patents
Apparatus for cold-forming metal workpieces having opposite axial elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0117213B1 EP0117213B1 EP84420011A EP84420011A EP0117213B1 EP 0117213 B1 EP0117213 B1 EP 0117213B1 EP 84420011 A EP84420011 A EP 84420011A EP 84420011 A EP84420011 A EP 84420011A EP 0117213 B1 EP0117213 B1 EP 0117213B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- die
- fixed part
- forming
- axial
- billet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/762—Coupling members for conveying mechanical motion, e.g. universal joints
- B21K1/765—Outer elements of coupling members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/03—Making uncoated products by both direct and backward extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/74—Making machine elements forked members or members with two or more limbs, e.g. U-bolts, anchors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/762—Coupling members for conveying mechanical motion, e.g. universal joints
Definitions
- Tools are known for the manufacture of metal parts by extrusion provided with lateral extensions such as the braces of universal joints. Such a device has been described in document FR-A-2 226 228.
- Document FR-A-1 464 560 describes a tool for cold forging from a piece, comprising a fixed die ensuring the spinning of axial or longitudinal elements and which is statically hooped in the fixed part of the 'tool to resist the forming forces taking place in its fixed part and further comprising a tubular die integral with the movable part of the tool, guided in said fixed part is intended to produce by spinning a second axial element opposite the first.
- the extreme annular face of the die is convex so that the very large forces developed by the material during spinning tend to create centripetal reactions which compress the die.
- the convex shape of the abovementioned annular face the person skilled in the art is aware that the length of the second axial element is necessarily very limited.
- the subject of the present invention is the production, for example, of the tripod fork of a universal joint comprising multiple axially oriented branches and an axial rod of considerable length.
- the tooling according to the invention for forming, preferably cold, parts of the kind described, is characterized in that the annular face of the die is frustoconical or concave in the direction of coupling of the metal which passes in this die, the introduction of the die causing its dynamic hooping in the fixed part at the moment when this die comes into contact with the piece.
- the concave shape of the annular end of the tubular die suggests those skilled in the art the creation of very large centrifugal forces on said end, unlike what occurs in known mobile tubular dies. Thanks to the invention, these centrifugal forces are counteracted by the dynamic hooping of the tubular die to avoid bursting of the latter.
- the tools illustrated in fig. 1 comprises first of all a fixed part assigned to the general reference 1 and a tubular movable die 2.
- the fixed part 1 is clamped on a table not shown. It comprises a base 3 supporting a punch 4 of generally cylindrical shape and the bottom of which has a frustoconical bearing 4a. This range is engaged in a bore of complementary shape 5a of a sole 5 placed above the base 3, so that the sole in question and the punch 4 are locked relative to each other.
- Around the punch 4 is arranged an annular ring 6 resting on the sole 5.
- the sole 5 and the base 3 are held externally by a centering ring 7 which also extends around part of a die 8.
- a centering ring 7 which also extends around part of a die 8.
- the periphery 8b of the matrix 8 is slightly tapered upwards.
- This matrix is hooped in a hoop 9 with additional bore, clamped by any appropriate means with respect to the press table to ensure an energetic clamping of all the components of part 1 of the tooling.
- the hoop being perfectly centered relative to the sole 5, perfect centering of the annular ring 6 is carried out relative to the punch 4.
- the punch 4 and the annular ring 6 limit a spinning section intended for the construction of the axial skirt of a part, as will be explained better below.
- the punch is provided with a head 4b whose end face is conical, while its periphery has a diameter slightly larger than that of the body of the punch.
- the annular ring 6 has an inner collar 6a of diameter smaller than that of said ring generally.
- the movable die 2 is in the form of a tube, the lower annular face 2a of which is conical, the connection of this face and the internal bore 2b of the die comprising a bead 2c of diameter smaller than that of the bore 2b.
- the action of the die 2 on the piece 10 generates two simultaneous actions: first the formation of a skirt 11 in the annular space between the ring 6 and the punch 4 (fig. 2) and then the production of a cylindrical shaft end 12 located opposite the skirt 11 and which forms inside the bore 2b of the die 2.
- the outside diameter of the movable die 2 is at play almost equal to that of the bore 8a of the die 8, so that the introduction of the movable die 2 into said bore 8a causes its hooping dyna mique from the moment the die comes into contact with the plot 10.
- the part 11-12 is extracted from the fixed part of the tool by means of ejectors 13. These, provided for three in number, pass freely through the base 3 and sole 5 to act on the end edge of skirt 11.
- the punch 4 could perform a complex shape allowing, for example, the production of a part 14 of the kind produced as indicated above, but the skirt 11 of which would be replaced by multiple axially oriented branches, for example for the production of the tripod fork of a universal joint.
- FIG. 3 Illustrated in fig. 3 a tool capable of allowing such a fork to be produced 14. It can be seen that the annular ring 6 has been eliminated, the bore 8a of the matrix 8 externally limiting the spinning of the branches 14a of the fork 14 including the axial rod 14b is spun inside the die 2. We observe the complex shape of the punch 4 which allows the branches and openings which separate them to be obtained.
- the dynamic hooping system of the die 2 for the spinning of the rod 14b makes it possible to statically hoop the punch 4 with multiple dies intended for the spinning of the branches 14a.
- the static hooping of the punch 4 makes it possible to ensure (despite its weakening form) optimum resistance to the force by making it possible to manufacture the part 14, which is not achievable by a conventional spinning process.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
On connaît des outillages destinés à la fabrication de pièces métalliques par extrusion pourvues de prolongements latéraux tels que les croisillons de joints de cardan. On a décrit un tel dispositif dans le document FR-A-2 226 228.Tools are known for the manufacture of metal parts by extrusion provided with lateral extensions such as the braces of universal joints. Such a device has been described in document FR-A-2 226 228.
On connaît aussi des outillages susceptibles de permettre l'obtention d'un prolongement axial réalisé par filage simple ou multiple dans l'axe de forgeage. Dans ce cas, la filière permettant le filage central est placée dans la partie fixe de l'outillage et son frettage destiné à assurer sa résistance face aux efforts de formage est effectué statiquement par une ou plusieurs frettes.There are also known tools capable of making it possible to obtain an axial extension produced by single or multiple spinning in the forging axis. In this case, the die allowing the central spinning is placed in the fixed part of the tooling and its shrinking intended to ensure its resistance against the forming forces is carried out statically by one or more hoops.
On a décrit dans le document FR-A-1 464 560 un outillage de forgeage à froid à partir d'un lopin, comprenant une filière fixe assurant le filage d'élément axiaux ou longitudinaux et qui est frettée statiquement dans la partie fixe de l'outillage pour résister aux efforts de formage se déroulant dans sa partie fixe et comportant en outre une filière tubulaire solidaire de la partie mobile de l'outillage, guidée dans ladite partie fixe est destinée à réaliser par filage un second élément axial opposé aux premiers.Document FR-A-1 464 560 describes a tool for cold forging from a piece, comprising a fixed die ensuring the spinning of axial or longitudinal elements and which is statically hooped in the fixed part of the 'tool to resist the forming forces taking place in its fixed part and further comprising a tubular die integral with the movable part of the tool, guided in said fixed part is intended to produce by spinning a second axial element opposite the first.
Dans cet outillage la face annulaire extrême de la filière est convexe de sorte que les efforts très importants développés par la matière lors du filage tendent à créer des réactions centripètes qui compriment la filière. De plus de par la forme convexe de la face annulaire précitée l'homme du métier a connaissance que la longueur du second élément axial est forcément très limitée.In this tooling, the extreme annular face of the die is convex so that the very large forces developed by the material during spinning tend to create centripetal reactions which compress the die. In addition, by the convex shape of the abovementioned annular face, the person skilled in the art is aware that the length of the second axial element is necessarily very limited.
On a également décrit dans le document DE-A-1 627 665 un outillage du même genre dont la face annulaire extrême de la filière mobile comporte une forme telle que les efforts développés par la matière lors du filage se compensent mutuellement dans ladite filière.A similar tool has also been described in document DE-A-1 627 665, the extreme annular face of the movable die of which has a shape such that the forces developed by the material during spinning compensate each other in said die.
La présente invention a pour objet la réalisation par exemple de la fourche tripode d'un joint de cardan comportant des branches multiples orientées axialement et une tige axiale de longueur importante.The subject of the present invention is the production, for example, of the tripod fork of a universal joint comprising multiple axially oriented branches and an axial rod of considerable length.
A cet effet l'outillage suivant l'invention, pour le formage, préférablement à froid, de pièces du genre décrit, est caractérisé en ce que la face annulaire de la filière est tronconique ou concave dans le sens d'écouplement du métal qui passe dans cette filière, l'introduction de la filière provoquant son frettage dynamique dans la partie fixe au moment où cette filière entre en contact avec le lopin.For this purpose the tooling according to the invention, for forming, preferably cold, parts of the kind described, is characterized in that the annular face of the die is frustoconical or concave in the direction of coupling of the metal which passes in this die, the introduction of the die causing its dynamic hooping in the fixed part at the moment when this die comes into contact with the piece.
La forme concave de l'extrémité annulaire de la filière tubulaire suggère l'homme du métier la création de forces centrifuges très importantes sur ladite extrémité, contrairement à ce qui se produit dans les filières tubulaires mobiles connues. Grâce à l'invention ces forces centrifuges sont contrecarrées par le frettage dynamique de la filière tubulaire pour éviter l'éclatement de celle-ci.The concave shape of the annular end of the tubular die suggests those skilled in the art the creation of very large centrifugal forces on said end, unlike what occurs in known mobile tubular dies. Thanks to the invention, these centrifugal forces are counteracted by the dynamic hooping of the tubular die to avoid bursting of the latter.
Le dessin annexé, donné à titre d'exemple, permettra de mieux comprende l'invention, les caractéristiques qu'elle présente et les avantages qu'elle est susceptible de procurer:
- Fig. 1 est une vue en coupe d'un outillage à sa position ouverte.
- Fig. 2 illustre la manière dont une pièce à filages opposés peut être réalisée avec l'outillage illustré en fig. 1. Dans cette figure, ce dernier est représenté fermé, c'est-à-dire à la fin du forgeage.
- Fig. 3 est une vue semblable à celle de fig. 2 mais montrant une variante.
- Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a tool in its open position.
- Fig. 2 illustrates the way in which a piece with opposite threads can be produced with the tool illustrated in FIG. 1. In this figure, the latter is shown closed, that is to say at the end of forging.
- Fig. 3 is a view similar to that of FIG. 2 but showing a variant.
L'outillage illustré en fig. 1 comprend tout d'abord une partie fixe affectée de la référence générale 1 et une filière mobile tubulaire 2. La partie fixe 1 est bridée sur une table non représentée. Elle comprend une embase 3 supportant un poinçon 4 de forme générale cylindrique et dont le bas comporte une portée tronconique 4a. Cette portée est engagée dans un alésage de forme complementaire 5a d'une semelle 5 placée au-dessus de l'embase 3, de manière que la semelle en question et le poinçon 4 soient verrouillés l'un par rapport à l'autre. Autour du poinçon 4 est disposée une bague annulaire 6 reposant sur la semelle 5.The tools illustrated in fig. 1 comprises first of all a fixed part assigned to the
La semelle 5 et l'embase 3 sont maintenues extérieurement par une couronne de centrage 7 qui s'étend également autour d'une partie d'une matrice 8. Dans l'alésage étagé 8a de cette dernière est engagée la bague annulaire 6. Le pourtour 8b de la matrice 8 est légèrement conique vers le haut. Cette matrice est frettée dans une frette 9 à alésage complémentaire, bridée par tous moyens appropriés par rapport à la table de la presse pour assurer un serrage énergique de tous les composants de la partie 1 de l'outillage. La frette étant centrée parfaitement par rapport à la semelle 5, on réalisé un centrage parfait de la bague annulaire 6 par rapport au poinçon 4.The sole 5 and the
En fait, le poinçon 4 et la bague annulaire 6 limitent une section de filage destinée à la construction de la jupe axiale d'une pièce, comme on l'expliquera mieux plus loin. A cet effet, le poinçon est pourvu d'une tête 4b dont la face extrême est conique, tandis que sa périphérie présente un diamètre légèrement plus grand que celui du corps du poinçon. De même, la bague annulaire 6 comporte une collerette intérieure 6a de diamètre inférieur à celui général de ladite bague. On observe enfin que la face extrême 6b de la bague 6 tournée vers le haut est évasée pour faciliter l'écoulement du métal lors du filage.In fact, the
La filière mobile 2 se présente sous la forme d'un tube dont la face annulaire inférieure 2a esttronconi- que, la liaison de cette face et de l'alésage intérieur 2b de la filière comportant un cordon 2c de diamètre inférieur à celui de l'alésage 2b.The
Pour effectuer le filage, on part d'un lopin métallique 10 de forme générale cylindrique que l'on dispose contre la face 6b de la bague annulaire 6, puis la filière mobile 2 est introduite à l'intérieur de la matrice 8 sous une force élevée.To carry out the spinning, we start from a
L'action de la filière 2 sur le lopin 10 engendre deux actions simultanées: premièrement la formation d'un jupe 11 dans l'espace annulaire compris entre la bague 6 et le poinçon 4 (fig. 2) et ensuite la réalisation d'un bout d'arbre cylindrique 12 situé à l'opposé de la jupe 11 et qui se forme à l'intérieur de l'alésage 2b de la filière 2.The action of the
Le diamètre extérieur de la filière mobile 2 est au jeu près égal à celui de l'alésage 8a de la matrice 8, de telle manière que l'introduction de la filière mobile 2 dans ledit alésage 8a provoque son frettage dynamique à partir du moment où la filière entre en contact avec le lopin 10.The outside diameter of the
Ainsi, lors de l'attaque de la face tronconique 2a de la filière mobile 2 sur le lopin 10, on est assuré que le filage s'effectuera sans rupture ni détérioration de la filière 2. On observera que le frettage dynamique en question est réalisé par la matrice 8 de la filière fixe, de telle sorte qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir de pièces supplémentaires pour la réalisation dudit frettage dynamique.Thus, during the attack on the
Une fois la pièce terminée et la filière 2 ramenée à sa position initiale, la pièce 11-12 est extraite de la partie fixe de l'outillage au moyen d'éjecteurs 13. Ceux-ci, prévus au nombre de trois, traversent librement l'embase 3 et la semelle 5 pour venir agir sur l'arête terminale de la jupe 11.Once the part is finished and the
Le poinçon 4 pourrait effecter une forme complexe permettant par exemple la réalisation d'une pièce 14 du genre de celle réalisée comme indiqué ci-dessus, mais dont la jupe 11 serait remplacée par des branches multiples orientées axialement, par exemple pour la réalisation de la fourche tripode d'un joint de cardan.The
On a illustré en fig. 3 un outillage susceptible de permettre la réalisation d'une telle fourche 14. On observe que la bague annulaire 6 a été supprimée, l'alésage 8a de la matrice 8 limitant extérieurement le filage des branches 14a de la fourche 14 dont la tige axiale 14b est filée à l'intérieur de la filière 2. On observe la forme complexe du poinçon 4 qui permet l'obtention des branches et des ouvertures qui les séparent.Illustrated in fig. 3 a tool capable of allowing such a fork to be produced 14. It can be seen that the
Dans ce cas, le système de frettage dynamique de la filière 2 pour le filage de la tige 14b permet de fretter statiquement le poinçon 4 à filières multiples destiné au filage des branches 14a.In this case, the dynamic hooping system of the
Le frettage statique du poinçon 4 permet d'assurer (malgré sa forme fragilisante) une résistance optimale à l'effort en rendant possible la fabrication de la pièce 14, qui n'est pas réalisable par un procédé conventionnel de filage.The static hooping of the
Claims (1)
- Apparatus for forming, preferably cold forming, metal workpieces (11, 12, 14, 14a, 14b) from a billet ( 10), comprising a fixed die (4, 6), which ensures the drawing of axial or longitudinal elements (11, 14a) and which is held statically in the fixed part (8) of the apparatus by a band so as to resist the forming forces developing in its fixed part (8) and comprising in addition a tubular die (2) which is integral with the mobile part of the apparatus and is guided in the said fixed part (8) so as to create by drawing a second axial element (12) opposed to the first (11, 14a), characterised in that the annularface (2a) of the die (2) is in the shape of a truncated cone or is concave (Fig. 3) in the direction of flow of the metal which passes into the die (2) (Fig. 1 to 3), the introduction of the tubular die (2) into the fixed part (8) of the apparatus causing it to be dynamically banded in the fixed part (8) at the moment at which this die (8) comes into contact with the billet (10).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT84420011T ATE24127T1 (en) | 1983-02-15 | 1984-01-27 | DEVICE FOR COLD FORMING OF METALLIC WORKPIECES WITH OPPOSITE AXIAL PARTS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8302885A FR2540758B1 (en) | 1983-02-15 | 1983-02-15 | COLD FORMING TOOLS OF METAL PARTS COMPRISING OPPOSITE AXIAL ELEMENTS |
| FR8302885 | 1983-02-15 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0117213A1 EP0117213A1 (en) | 1984-08-29 |
| EP0117213B1 true EP0117213B1 (en) | 1986-12-10 |
Family
ID=9286165
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84420011A Expired EP0117213B1 (en) | 1983-02-15 | 1984-01-27 | Apparatus for cold-forming metal workpieces having opposite axial elements |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0117213B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE24127T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3461601D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES277491Y (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2540758B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7838145B2 (en) | 2004-01-02 | 2010-11-23 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery part |
| US8512891B2 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2013-08-20 | Water Gremlin Company | Multiple casting apparatus and method |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2197605B (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1990-06-20 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Forming cup-shaped products having internal gears |
| EP0456862A1 (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1991-11-21 | Instytut Obrobki Plastycznej | Method and apparatus for the extrusion of comb-shaped parts for roller bearing cages |
| US5296317A (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-03-22 | Water Gremlin Co. | High torque battery terminal and method of making same |
| US5373720A (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-12-20 | Water Gremlin Company | Method of making battery terminal with necked flange |
| US5632173A (en) * | 1995-05-17 | 1997-05-27 | Tulip Corporation | Apparatus and method for cold forming a ring on a lead alloy battery terminal |
| US5791183A (en) * | 1995-05-17 | 1998-08-11 | Tulip Corporation | Apparatus and method for cold forming a ring on a lead alloy battery terminal including an anti-torque structure |
| US5606887A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 1997-03-04 | Tulip Corporation | Apparatus and method for cold forming an L-shaped lead alloy battery terminal |
| US5655400A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 1997-08-12 | Tulip Corporation | Progressive die apparatus and method for making a lead alloy battery terminal |
| US8701743B2 (en) | 2004-01-02 | 2014-04-22 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts and associated systems and methods |
| CN100591437C (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2010-02-24 | 四川振强模锻有限公司 | U shaped suspension clamp swaging technique |
| ES2746292T3 (en) | 2009-04-30 | 2020-03-05 | Water Gremlin Co | Battery parts that have sealing and retaining elements |
| US9748551B2 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2017-08-29 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use |
| US9954214B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-04-24 | Water Gremlin Company | Systems and methods for manufacturing battery parts |
| US11283141B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2022-03-22 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having solventless acid barriers and associated systems and methods |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3005259A (en) * | 1958-11-24 | 1961-10-24 | Chrysler Corp | Method of making brake drums |
| FR1464560A (en) * | 1963-10-14 | 1967-01-06 | Caltexa Trust Reg | Motor vehicle door locks and devices for their manufacture |
| DE1627665A1 (en) * | 1967-04-13 | 1971-08-05 | Aluminium U Metallwerke Soeren | Process and device for the production of sleeves and technical extrusion parts made of light metal |
| TR18485A (en) * | 1973-04-17 | 1977-02-24 | Glaenzer Sa | ASSEMBLY FOR SHAPING OF MINERAL PARTS IN COLD |
| FR2340153A1 (en) * | 1976-02-05 | 1977-09-02 | Perrier Jean | Flat steel parts made by cold forging - using annealed blanks and tools providing close dimensional tolerances |
| US4177665A (en) * | 1978-04-03 | 1979-12-11 | Schurmann Heinz P | Cold flow forming |
-
1983
- 1983-02-15 FR FR8302885A patent/FR2540758B1/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-01-27 AT AT84420011T patent/ATE24127T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-01-27 EP EP84420011A patent/EP0117213B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-01-27 DE DE8484420011T patent/DE3461601D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-02-14 ES ES1984277491U patent/ES277491Y/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8512891B2 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2013-08-20 | Water Gremlin Company | Multiple casting apparatus and method |
| US7838145B2 (en) | 2004-01-02 | 2010-11-23 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery part |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2540758B1 (en) | 1986-03-07 |
| ES277491U (en) | 1984-07-16 |
| DE3461601D1 (en) | 1987-01-22 |
| ES277491Y (en) | 1985-03-01 |
| ATE24127T1 (en) | 1986-12-15 |
| EP0117213A1 (en) | 1984-08-29 |
| FR2540758A1 (en) | 1984-08-17 |
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