EP0117213A1 - Apparatus for cold-forming metal workpieces having opposite axial elements - Google Patents
Apparatus for cold-forming metal workpieces having opposite axial elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0117213A1 EP0117213A1 EP84420011A EP84420011A EP0117213A1 EP 0117213 A1 EP0117213 A1 EP 0117213A1 EP 84420011 A EP84420011 A EP 84420011A EP 84420011 A EP84420011 A EP 84420011A EP 0117213 A1 EP0117213 A1 EP 0117213A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- die
- fixed part
- spinning
- axial
- forming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/762—Coupling members for conveying mechanical motion, e.g. universal joints
- B21K1/765—Outer elements of coupling members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/03—Making uncoated products by both direct and backward extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/74—Making machine elements forked members or members with two or more limbs, e.g. U-bolts, anchors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/762—Coupling members for conveying mechanical motion, e.g. universal joints
Definitions
- Tools are known for the manufacture of metal parts by extrusion provided with lateral extensions such as the braces of universal joints. Such a device has been described in document FR A 2 226 228.
- the present invention aims to allow the production of a tool for manufacturing by extrusion, preferably cold, of metal parts with opposite directions of spinning in the axis of the forging or parallel to it.
- the die ensuring the spinning of an axial extension of the part which is opposite to another axial spinning, for example tubular, is placed in the movable part of the tool, said die being hooped dynamically during the movement.
- This element can consist of a hoop of the fixed die (s).
- the tools illustrated in fig. l firstly comprises a fixed part assigned to the general reference 1 and a tubular movable die 2.
- the fixed part 1 is clamped on a table not shown. It comprises a base 3 supporting a punch 4 of generally cylindrical shape and the bottom of which has a frustoconical bearing 4a. This range is engaged in a bore of complementary shape 5a of a sole 5 placed above the base 3 so that the sole in question and the punch 4 are locked relative to each other.
- Around the punch 4 is arranged an annular ring 6 resting on the 'sole 5.
- the sole 5 and the base 3 are held externally by a centering ring 7 which also extends around part of a die 8.
- a centering ring 7 which also extends around part of a die 8.
- the periphery 8b of the matrix 8 is provided slightly tapered upwards.
- This matrix is hooped in a hoop 9 with additional bore, clamped by any appropriate means with respect to the press table to ensure an energetic clamping of all the components of part 1 of the tooling.
- the hoop being perfectly centered relative to the sole 5, perfect centering of the annular ring 6 is carried out relative to the punch 4.
- the punch 4 and the annular ring 6 limit a spinning section intended for the construction of the axial skirt of a part, as will be explained better below.
- the punch is provided with a head 4b whose end face is conical, while its periphery has a diameter slightly larger than that of the body of the punch.
- the annular ring 6 has a flange interior 6a of diameter smaller than that of said ring.
- the movable die 2 is in the form of a tube whose lower annular face 2a is frustoconical, the connection of this face and the internal bore 2b of the die comprising a bead 2c of diameter smaller than that of the bore 2b.
- the action of the die 2 on the piece 10 generates two simultaneous actions: first the formation of a skirt 11 in the annular space between the ring 6 and the punch 4 (fig. 2) and then the production of a cylindrical shaft end 12 located opposite the skirt 11 and which forms inside the bore 2b of the die 2.
- the outside diameter of the movable die 2 is at play almost equal to that of the bore 8a of the die 8, so that the introduction of the movable die 2 into said bore 8a causes its hooping dynamic from the moment the die comes into contact with the piece of land 10.
- the punch 4 could have a complex shape allowing, for example, the production of a part 14 of the kind produced as indicated above, but the skirt 11 of which would be replaced by multiple axially oriented branches, for example for the production of the tripod fork of a universal joint.
- FIG. 3 Illustrated in fig. 3 a tool capable of allowing the production of such a fork 14. It can be seen that the annular ring 6 has been eliminated, the bore 8a of the matrix 8 externally limiting the spinning of the branches 14a of the fork 14 including the axial rod 14b is spun inside the die 2. We observe the complex shape of the punch 4 which allows the branches and openings which separate them to be obtained.
- the dynamic hooping system of the die 2 for the spinning of the rod 14b makes it possible to statically hoop the punch 4 with multiple dies intended for the spinning of the branches 14a.
- the static hooping of the punch 4 makes it possible to ensure (despite its weakening form) optimum resistance to the force by making it possible to manufacture the part 14, which is not achievable by a conventional spinning process.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
On connaît des outillages destinés à la fabrication de pièces métalliques par extrusion pourvues de prolongements latéraux tels que les croisillons de joints de cardan. On a décrit un tel dispositif dans le document FR A 2 226 228.Tools are known for the manufacture of metal parts by extrusion provided with lateral extensions such as the braces of universal joints. Such a device has been described in
On connaît aussi des outillages susceptibles de permettre l'obtention d'un prolongement axial réalisé par filage simple ou multiple dans l'axe de forgeage. Dans ce cas, la filière permettant le filage central est placée dans la partie fixe de l'outillage et son frettage destiné à assurer sa résistance face aux efforts de formage est effectué statiquement par une ou plusieurs frettes.There are also known tools capable of making it possible to obtain an axial extension produced by single or multiple spinning in the forging axis. In this case, the die allowing the central spinning is placed in the fixed part of the tooling and its shrinking intended to ensure its resistance against the forming forces is carried out statically by one or more hoops.
La présente invention vise à permettre la réalisation d'un outillage de fabrication par extrusion, préférablement à froid, de pièces métalliques avec des directions opposées de filage dans l'axe du forgeage ou parallèle à celui-ci.The present invention aims to allow the production of a tool for manufacturing by extrusion, preferably cold, of metal parts with opposite directions of spinning in the axis of the forging or parallel to it.
A cet effet, la filière assurant le filage d'un prolongement axial de la pièce qui se trouve opposé à un autre filage axial, par exemple tubulaire, est placé dans la partie mobile de l'outillage, ladite filière étant frettée dynamiquement pendant le mouvement de descente du coulisseau de la presse, à l'intérieur d'un élément de la partie fixe de l'outillage. Cet élément peut consister en une frette de la ou des filières fixes.To this end, the die ensuring the spinning of an axial extension of the part which is opposite to another axial spinning, for example tubular, is placed in the movable part of the tool, said die being hooped dynamically during the movement. lowering of the press slide, inside an element of the fixed part of the tool. This element can consist of a hoop of the fixed die (s).
Le dessin annexé, donné à titre d'exemple, permettra de mieux comprendre l'invention, les caractéristiques qu'elle présente et les avantages qu'elle est susceptible de procurer :
- Fig. l est une vue en coupe d'un outillage suivant l'invention à sa position ouverte.
- Fig. 2 illustre la manière dont une pièce à filages opposés peut être réalisée avec l'outillage illustré en fig. 1. Dans cette figure, ce dernier est représenté fermé, c'est-à-dire à la fin du forgeage.
- Fig. 3 est une vue semblable à celle de fig. 2 mais montrant une variante.
- Fig. l is a sectional view of a tool according to the invention in its open position.
- Fig. 2 illustrates how a spinning part opposite can be carried out with the tool illustrated in fig. 1. In this figure, the latter is shown closed, that is to say at the end of forging.
- Fig. 3 is a view similar to that of FIG. 2 but showing a variant.
L'outillage illustré en fig. l comprend tout d'abord une partie fixe affectée de la référence générale 1 et une filière mobile tubulaire 2. La partie fixe 1 est bridée sur une table non représentée. Elle comprend une embase 3 supportant un poinçon 4 de forme générale cylindrique et dont le bas comporte une portée tronconique 4a. Cette portée est engagée dans un alésage de forme complémentaire 5a d'une semelle 5 placée au-dessus de l'embase 3 de manière que la semelle en question et le poinçon 4 soient verrouillés l'un par rapport à l'autre. Autour du poinçon 4 est disposée une bague annulaire 6 reposant sur la 'semelle 5.The tools illustrated in fig. l firstly comprises a fixed part assigned to the
La semelle 5 et l'embase 3 sont maintenues extérieurement par une couronne de centrage 7 qui s'étend également autour d'une partie d'une matrice 8. Dans l'alésage étagé 8a de cette dernière est engagée la bague annulaire 6. Le pourtour 8b de la matrice 8 est prévu légèrement conique vers le haut. Cette matrice est frettée dans une frette 9 à alésage complémentaire, bridée par tous moyens appropriés par rapport à la table de la presse pour assurer un serrage énergique de tous les composants de la partie 1 de l'outillage. La frette étant centrée parfaitement par rapport à la semelle 5, on réalise un centrage parfait de la bague annulaire 6 par rapport au poinçon 4.The sole 5 and the
En fait, le poinçon 4 et la bague annulaire 6 limitent une section de filage destinée à la construction de la jupe axiale d'une pièce, comme on l'expliquera mieux plus loin. A cet effet, le poinçon est pourvu d'une tête 4b dont la face extrême est conique, tandis que sa périphérie présente un diamètre légèrement plus grand que celui du corps du poinçon. De même, la bague annulaire 6 comporte une collerette intérieure 6a de diamètre inférieur à celui général de ladite bague. On observe enfin que la face extrême 6b de la bague 6 tournée vers le haut est évasée pour faciliter l'écoulement du métal lors du filage.In fact, the
La filière mobile 2 se présente sous la forme d'un tube dont la face annulaire inférieure 2a est tronconique, la liaison de cette face et de l'alésage intérieur 2b de la filière comportant un cordon 2c de diamètre inférieur à celui de l'alésage 2b.The
Pour effectuer le filage, on part d'un lopin métallique 10 de forme générale cylindrique que l'on dispose contre la face 6b de la bague annulaire 6, puis la filière mobile 2 est introduite à l'intérieur de la matrice 8 sous une force élevée.To carry out the spinning, we start from a
L'action de la filière 2 sur le lopin 10 engendre deux actions simultanées : premièrement la formation d'une jupe 11 dans l'espace annulaire compris entre la bague 6 et le poinçon 4 (fig. 2) et ensuite la réalisation d'un bout d'arbre cylindrique 12 situé à l'opposé de la jupe 11 et qui se forme à l'intérieur de l'alésage 2b de la filière 2.The action of the
Conformément à l'invention, le diamètre extérieur de la filière mobile 2 est au jeu près égal à celui de l'alésage 8a de la matrice 8, de telle manière que l'introduction de la filière mobile 2 dans ledit alésage 8a provoque son frettage dynamique à partir du moment où la filière entre en contact avec le lopin 10.According to the invention, the outside diameter of the
Ainsi, lors de l'attaque de la face tronconique 2a de la filière mobile 2 sur le pion 10, on est assuré que le filage s'effectuera sans rupture ni détérioration de la filière 2. On observera que le frettage dynamique en question est réalisé par la matrice 8 de la filière fixe, de telle sorte qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir de pièces supplémentaires pour la réalisation dudit frettage dynamique. Une fois la pièce terminée et la filière 2 ramenée à sa position initiale, la pièce ll-12 est extraite de la partie fixe de l'outillage au moyen d'éjecteurs 13. Ceux-ci, prévus au nombre de trois, traversent librement l'embase 3 et la semelle 5 pour venir agir sur l'arête terminale de la jupe 11.Thus, during the attack on the
Le poinçon 4 pourrait affecter une forme complexe permettant par exemple la réalisation d'une pièce 14 du genre de celle réalisée comme indiqué ci-dessus, mais dont la jupe 11 serait remplacée par des branches multiples orientées axialement, par exemple pour la réalisation de la fourche tripode d'un joint de cardan.The
On a illustré en fig. 3 un outillage susceptible de permettre la réalisation d'une telle fourche 14. On observe que la bague annulaire 6 a été supprimée, l'alésage 8a de la matrice 8 limitant extérieurement le filage des branches 14a de la fourche 14 dont la tige axiale 14b est filée à l'intérieur de la filière 2. On observe la forme complexe du poinçon 4 qui permet l'obtention des branches et des ouvertures qui les séparent.Illustrated in fig. 3 a tool capable of allowing the production of such a
Dans ce cas, le système de frettage dynamique de la filière 2 pour le filage de la tige 14b permet de fretter statiquement le poinçon 4 à filières multiples destiné au filage des branches 14a.In this case, the dynamic hooping system of the
Le frettage statique du poinçon 4 permet d'assurer (malgré sa forme fragilisante) une résistance optimale à l'effort en rendant possible la fabrication de la pièce 14, qui n'est pas réalisable par un procédé conventionnel de filage.The static hooping of the
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT84420011T ATE24127T1 (en) | 1983-02-15 | 1984-01-27 | DEVICE FOR COLD FORMING OF METALLIC WORKPIECES WITH OPPOSITE AXIAL PARTS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8302885 | 1983-02-15 | ||
FR8302885A FR2540758B1 (en) | 1983-02-15 | 1983-02-15 | COLD FORMING TOOLS OF METAL PARTS COMPRISING OPPOSITE AXIAL ELEMENTS |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0117213A1 true EP0117213A1 (en) | 1984-08-29 |
EP0117213B1 EP0117213B1 (en) | 1986-12-10 |
Family
ID=9286165
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84420011A Expired EP0117213B1 (en) | 1983-02-15 | 1984-01-27 | Apparatus for cold-forming metal workpieces having opposite axial elements |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0117213B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE24127T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3461601D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES277491Y (en) |
FR (1) | FR2540758B1 (en) |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4739644A (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1988-04-26 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for forming internal gear profile cup-shaped member and apparatus therefor |
EP0456862A1 (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1991-11-21 | Instytut Obrobki Plastycznej | Method and apparatus for the extrusion of comb-shaped parts for roller bearing cages |
US5296317A (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-03-22 | Water Gremlin Co. | High torque battery terminal and method of making same |
US5373720A (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-12-20 | Water Gremlin Company | Method of making battery terminal with necked flange |
US5606887A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 1997-03-04 | Tulip Corporation | Apparatus and method for cold forming an L-shaped lead alloy battery terminal |
US5632173A (en) * | 1995-05-17 | 1997-05-27 | Tulip Corporation | Apparatus and method for cold forming a ring on a lead alloy battery terminal |
US5655400A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 1997-08-12 | Tulip Corporation | Progressive die apparatus and method for making a lead alloy battery terminal |
US5791183A (en) * | 1995-05-17 | 1998-08-11 | Tulip Corporation | Apparatus and method for cold forming a ring on a lead alloy battery terminal including an anti-torque structure |
CN100591437C (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2010-02-24 | 四川振强模锻有限公司 | U shaped suspension clamp swaging technique |
US8202328B2 (en) | 2004-01-02 | 2012-06-19 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery part |
US8497036B2 (en) | 2009-04-30 | 2013-07-30 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use |
US8701743B2 (en) | 2004-01-02 | 2014-04-22 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts and associated systems and methods |
US9034508B2 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2015-05-19 | Water Gremlin Company | Multiple casting apparatus and method |
US9748551B2 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2017-08-29 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use |
US9954214B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-04-24 | Water Gremlin Company | Systems and methods for manufacturing battery parts |
US11038156B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2021-06-15 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having solventless acid barriers and associated systems and methods |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3005259A (en) * | 1958-11-24 | 1961-10-24 | Chrysler Corp | Method of making brake drums |
FR1464560A (en) * | 1963-10-14 | 1967-01-06 | Caltexa Trust Reg | Motor vehicle door locks and devices for their manufacture |
DE1627665A1 (en) * | 1967-04-13 | 1971-08-05 | Aluminium U Metallwerke Soeren | Process and device for the production of sleeves and technical extrusion parts made of light metal |
FR2226228A1 (en) * | 1973-04-17 | 1974-11-15 | Glaenzer Spicer Sa | |
FR2340153A1 (en) * | 1976-02-05 | 1977-09-02 | Perrier Jean | Flat steel parts made by cold forging - using annealed blanks and tools providing close dimensional tolerances |
US4177665A (en) * | 1978-04-03 | 1979-12-11 | Schurmann Heinz P | Cold flow forming |
-
1983
- 1983-02-15 FR FR8302885A patent/FR2540758B1/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-01-27 AT AT84420011T patent/ATE24127T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-01-27 EP EP84420011A patent/EP0117213B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-01-27 DE DE8484420011T patent/DE3461601D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-02-14 ES ES1984277491U patent/ES277491Y/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3005259A (en) * | 1958-11-24 | 1961-10-24 | Chrysler Corp | Method of making brake drums |
FR1464560A (en) * | 1963-10-14 | 1967-01-06 | Caltexa Trust Reg | Motor vehicle door locks and devices for their manufacture |
DE1627665A1 (en) * | 1967-04-13 | 1971-08-05 | Aluminium U Metallwerke Soeren | Process and device for the production of sleeves and technical extrusion parts made of light metal |
FR2226228A1 (en) * | 1973-04-17 | 1974-11-15 | Glaenzer Spicer Sa | |
FR2340153A1 (en) * | 1976-02-05 | 1977-09-02 | Perrier Jean | Flat steel parts made by cold forging - using annealed blanks and tools providing close dimensional tolerances |
US4177665A (en) * | 1978-04-03 | 1979-12-11 | Schurmann Heinz P | Cold flow forming |
Cited By (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4739644A (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1988-04-26 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Process for forming internal gear profile cup-shaped member and apparatus therefor |
EP0456862A1 (en) * | 1990-05-17 | 1991-11-21 | Instytut Obrobki Plastycznej | Method and apparatus for the extrusion of comb-shaped parts for roller bearing cages |
US5296317A (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-03-22 | Water Gremlin Co. | High torque battery terminal and method of making same |
US5349840A (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-09-27 | Water Gremlin Company | Method of making a high torque battery terminal |
US5373720A (en) * | 1992-09-03 | 1994-12-20 | Water Gremlin Company | Method of making battery terminal with necked flange |
US5632173A (en) * | 1995-05-17 | 1997-05-27 | Tulip Corporation | Apparatus and method for cold forming a ring on a lead alloy battery terminal |
US5791183A (en) * | 1995-05-17 | 1998-08-11 | Tulip Corporation | Apparatus and method for cold forming a ring on a lead alloy battery terminal including an anti-torque structure |
US5606887A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 1997-03-04 | Tulip Corporation | Apparatus and method for cold forming an L-shaped lead alloy battery terminal |
US5655400A (en) * | 1995-06-02 | 1997-08-12 | Tulip Corporation | Progressive die apparatus and method for making a lead alloy battery terminal |
US9034508B2 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2015-05-19 | Water Gremlin Company | Multiple casting apparatus and method |
US8202328B2 (en) | 2004-01-02 | 2012-06-19 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery part |
US10283754B2 (en) | 2004-01-02 | 2019-05-07 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts and associated systems and methods |
US8701743B2 (en) | 2004-01-02 | 2014-04-22 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts and associated systems and methods |
US9190654B2 (en) | 2004-01-02 | 2015-11-17 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts and associated systems and methods |
CN100591437C (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2010-02-24 | 四川振强模锻有限公司 | U shaped suspension clamp swaging technique |
US10910625B2 (en) | 2009-04-30 | 2021-02-02 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use |
US9917293B2 (en) | 2009-04-30 | 2018-03-13 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use |
US9935306B2 (en) | 2009-04-30 | 2018-04-03 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use |
US11942664B2 (en) | 2009-04-30 | 2024-03-26 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use |
US8802282B2 (en) | 2009-04-30 | 2014-08-12 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use |
US8497036B2 (en) | 2009-04-30 | 2013-07-30 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use |
US9748551B2 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2017-08-29 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use |
US10181595B2 (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2019-01-15 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use |
US10217987B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-02-26 | Water Gremlin Company | Systems and methods for manufacturing battery parts |
US9954214B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-04-24 | Water Gremlin Company | Systems and methods for manufacturing battery parts |
US11038156B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2021-06-15 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having solventless acid barriers and associated systems and methods |
US11283141B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2022-03-22 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having solventless acid barriers and associated systems and methods |
US11804640B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2023-10-31 | Water Gremlin Company | Battery parts having solventless acid barriers and associated systems and methods |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES277491Y (en) | 1985-03-01 |
EP0117213B1 (en) | 1986-12-10 |
FR2540758B1 (en) | 1986-03-07 |
ES277491U (en) | 1984-07-16 |
DE3461601D1 (en) | 1987-01-22 |
FR2540758A1 (en) | 1984-08-17 |
ATE24127T1 (en) | 1986-12-15 |
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