EP0116414A1 - Paperlike sheet materials - Google Patents

Paperlike sheet materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0116414A1
EP0116414A1 EP84300295A EP84300295A EP0116414A1 EP 0116414 A1 EP0116414 A1 EP 0116414A1 EP 84300295 A EP84300295 A EP 84300295A EP 84300295 A EP84300295 A EP 84300295A EP 0116414 A1 EP0116414 A1 EP 0116414A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet material
thermally formable
paperlike
paperlike sheet
formable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84300295A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bruce Reynolds Inglis
Quentin Miles Drew
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wiggins Teape Group Ltd
Original Assignee
Wiggins Teape Group Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wiggins Teape Group Ltd filed Critical Wiggins Teape Group Ltd
Publication of EP0116414A1 publication Critical patent/EP0116414A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/12—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H13/14—Polyalkenes, e.g. polystyrene polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/35—Polyalkenes, e.g. polystyrene
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention is concerned with thin membranous sheet materials which can be formed into nonplanar configurations under the influence of heat whilst maintaining a low but finite permeability to air. It is also sometimes desirable that such materials should also have paperlike matt surface characteristics facilitating adhesion when using conventional adhesives.
  • the invention is additionally concerned with such membranous sheet material, which when adhered to another surface, or perhaps to itself in overlapping relation, is required to not significantly affect the apparent smoothness of the surfaces at the zone of overlap.
  • Such sheet material finds particular application for use as wrappers or in forming sealed closures for containers having convoluted surfaces and which hold materials required to "breathe” without being generally exposed to ambient conditions.
  • Freshly ground coffee for example, exhibits this characteristic.
  • the capacity of the sheet to accept thermal deformation assists in configuring the closure to the container or the wrapper whilst maintaining the desired permeability.
  • the adhesives conventionally used in the packaging industry can be used to secure the closure or wrapper.
  • the material can also be used as a moisture resistant air filtration element which is odour free, in contradistinction to conventional elements made of cellulosic paper, which are necessarily impregnated with resins such as melamine or urea formaldehyde to achieve wet strength.
  • the invention provides a thermally formable paperlike sheet material comprising at least 25% synthetic thermoplastic material, a substantial proportion of which is fibrillated, with at least a substantial proportion of the balance to 100% being of cellulosic fibres, said sheet having a thickness of less than 140 microns and being treated to exhibit a minimum tensile strength along a first axis of 12 Newtons, and along a second axis at right angles to the first axis of 8 Newtons, per 25 millimetres of width transverse to the respective axis, and a permeability to air of less than 100,000 cubic centimetres per minute through an area of 10 square centimetres and at a pressure of 10 centimetres water gauge.
  • the foregoing tensile strength may be achieved by heat and/or pressure consolidation or by coating with a binder or a film forming material-such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetate, or by a combination of such consolidation and coating.
  • the thickness of the sheet material of the invention By limiting the thickness of the sheet material of the invention to 140 microns it can be adhered to another surface, or perhaps to itself, in overlapping relationship without substantially affecting the apparent smoothness at the zone of overlap.
  • the content of synthetic thermoplastic material is at least 30%. Pigments or fillers may also be included if required.
  • the invention provides a method of making a paperlike sheet as above defined, using an aqueous dispersion of solid material comprising at least 25% synthetic thermoplastic material, a substantial proportion of which is fibrillated with at least a substantial proportion of the balance to 100% being of cellulosic fibres, which dispersion is formed into a web, pressed and dried and then treated so as to confer thereon the thickness tensile strength and permeability as above defined.
  • the heating of the web is preferably effected by infra-red heating.
  • Such treatment may comprise consolidation by heat and/or pressure coating with a binder or a film forming material such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetate, or a combination of such consolidation and coating.
  • the sheet material comprises from 50% to 95% synthetic thermoplastic material. Still more preferably the sheet material comprises 75% synthetic thermoplastic material, at least 80% of which is fibrillated.
  • the synthetic thermoplastic material may, for example, be consti- tued by a polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene. Synthetic thermoplastic particulate material may be included to supplement the fibrillated material.
  • the cellulosic fibres may for example be of bleached softwood sulphate or sulphite or cotton linters. Loadings of papermaking additives such as titanium dioxide or calcium carbonate may also be included.
  • Heat consolidation provides an effective method of reducing the permeability of the sheet material of the invention without significantly affecting its paper like character.
  • material containing fibrillated material of lower melting points such as polyethylene, permeability can be reduced substantially to zero by heat consolidation alone.
  • pressure consolidation may be used, pressure being applied for example by means of a paper machine calender, to achieve the same result.
  • a material 1 which slowly generates a gas as a by-product is held in a container 2.
  • the container 2 is formed with apertured lugs 3 which facilitate handling, but which confer a convoluted outer configuration on the container.
  • the container 2 is sealed by a closure 4 of material according to the invention.
  • the closure 4 is heat moulded so as to envelop the upper edge 5 of the container and the lugs 3 to provide an effective seal.
  • Conventional adhesives such as polyvinyl acetate can be used to adhere the closure to the container at the peripheral portion 6 of the closure.
  • closure is effective to seal the contents 1 from exposure to ambient conditions whilst permitting the slow release of any gas generated as indicated by the arrows 7.
  • each Example relates to a sheet material which has been made by dispersing the specified furnish in water, forming, pressing and drying a fibrous web derived from the furnish on a Fourdrinier paper machine and subjecting the dried web to infra-red heating to effect consolidation.
  • the sheet was additionally surface coated with polyvinyl acetate.
  • each Example relates to a sheet material made in the same manner as the sheets of Examples 1 to 6, except for the heat consolidation step.
  • consolidation was affected by passing the sheet twice through a paper machine calender.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)

Abstract

A thermally formable paperlike sheet material comprising at least 25% synthetic thermoplastics material a substantial proportion of which is fibrillated, with at least a substantial portion of the balance 100% being of cellulosic fibres, said sheet having a thickness of less than 140 microns and being treated to exhibit a minimum tensile strength along a first axis of 12 Newtons, and along a second axis at right angles to the first axis of 8 Newtons, per 25 millimetres of width transverse to the respective axis, and a permeability to air of less than 100,000 cubic centimetres per minute through an area of 10 square centimetres and at a pressure of 10 centimetres water gauge. Such sheet material finds particular application for use as wrappers or in forming sealed closures (4) for containers (2) having convoluted surfaces (3) and which hold materials (1) like freshly ground coffee which are required to breathe (7) without being exposed to ambient conditions.

Description

  • In particular, the invention is concerned with thin membranous sheet materials which can be formed into nonplanar configurations under the influence of heat whilst maintaining a low but finite permeability to air. It is also sometimes desirable that such materials should also have paperlike matt surface characteristics facilitating adhesion when using conventional adhesives.
  • The invention is additionally concerned with such membranous sheet material, which when adhered to another surface, or perhaps to itself in overlapping relation, is required to not significantly affect the apparent smoothness of the surfaces at the zone of overlap.
  • Such sheet material finds particular application for use as wrappers or in forming sealed closures for containers having convoluted surfaces and which hold materials required to "breathe" without being generally exposed to ambient conditions. Freshly ground coffee, for example, exhibits this characteristic. The capacity of the sheet to accept thermal deformation assists in configuring the closure to the container or the wrapper whilst maintaining the desired permeability. At the same time, because the material has a paperlike matt surface, the adhesives conventionally used in the packaging industry can be used to secure the closure or wrapper. The material can also be used as a moisture resistant air filtration element which is odour free, in contradistinction to conventional elements made of cellulosic paper, which are necessarily impregnated with resins such as melamine or urea formaldehyde to achieve wet strength.
  • In one aspect therefore, the invention provides a thermally formable paperlike sheet material comprising at least 25% synthetic thermoplastic material, a substantial proportion of which is fibrillated, with at least a substantial proportion of the balance to 100% being of cellulosic fibres, said sheet having a thickness of less than 140 microns and being treated to exhibit a minimum tensile strength along a first axis of 12 Newtons, and along a second axis at right angles to the first axis of 8 Newtons, per 25 millimetres of width transverse to the respective axis, and a permeability to air of less than 100,000 cubic centimetres per minute through an area of 10 square centimetres and at a pressure of 10 centimetres water gauge.
  • The foregoing tensile strength may be achieved by heat and/or pressure consolidation or by coating with a binder or a film forming material-such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetate, or by a combination of such consolidation and coating.
  • By limiting the thickness of the sheet material of the invention to 140 microns it can be adhered to another surface, or perhaps to itself, in overlapping relationship without substantially affecting the apparent smoothness at the zone of overlap.
  • Preferably, the content of synthetic thermoplastic material is at least 30%. Pigments or fillers may also be included if required.
  • In another aspect, the invention provides a method of making a paperlike sheet as above defined, using an aqueous dispersion of solid material comprising at least 25% synthetic thermoplastic material, a substantial proportion of which is fibrillated with at least a substantial proportion of the balance to 100% being of cellulosic fibres, which dispersion is formed into a web, pressed and dried and then treated so as to confer thereon the thickness tensile strength and permeability as above defined. The heating of the web is preferably effected by infra-red heating. Such treatment may comprise consolidation by heat and/or pressure coating with a binder or a film forming material such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetate, or a combination of such consolidation and coating.
  • Preferably, the sheet material comprises from 50% to 95% synthetic thermoplastic material. Still more preferably the sheet material comprises 75% synthetic thermoplastic material, at least 80% of which is fibrillated. The synthetic thermoplastic material may, for example, be consti- tued by a polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene. Synthetic thermoplastic particulate material may be included to supplement the fibrillated material.
  • The cellulosic fibres may for example be of bleached softwood sulphate or sulphite or cotton linters. Loadings of papermaking additives such as titanium dioxide or calcium carbonate may also be included.
  • Heat consolidation provides an effective method of reducing the permeability of the sheet material of the invention without significantly affecting its paper like character. With material containing fibrillated material of lower melting points, such as polyethylene, permeability can be reduced substantially to zero by heat consolidation alone.
  • For material containing fibres of higher melting points, such as polypropylene, such low levels of permeability are not always obtainable by heat consolidation alone without affecting the paper like characteristics . In such cases, after heat consolidation to achieve the required tensile strength, the permeability is further reduced as required by sizing with materials such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetate.
  • Alternatively, pressure consolidation may be used, pressure being applied for example by means of a paper machine calender, to achieve the same result.
  • The invention will now be further described in use with reference to the accompanying drawings and in the Examples which follow. In the drawings :
    • Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section of a container for material which is required to breathe, and
    • Figure 2 is a plan view on the line II-II of Figure l.
  • Referring to the drawings a material 1 which slowly generates a gas as a by-product, is held in a container 2. The container 2 is formed with apertured lugs 3 which facilitate handling, but which confer a convoluted outer configuration on the container.
  • The container 2 is sealed by a closure 4 of material according to the invention. The closure 4 is heat moulded so as to envelop the upper edge 5 of the container and the lugs 3 to provide an effective seal. Conventional adhesives such as polyvinyl acetate can be used to adhere the closure to the container at the peripheral portion 6 of the closure.
  • It will be seen that the closure is effective to seal the contents 1 from exposure to ambient conditions whilst permitting the slow release of any gas generated as indicated by the arrows 7.
  • The examples are set out in the Tables which follow.
  • In Table I, each Example relates to a sheet material which has been made by dispersing the specified furnish in water, forming, pressing and drying a fibrous web derived from the furnish on a Fourdrinier paper machine and subjecting the dried web to infra-red heating to effect consolidation. In the case of Example 7, the sheet was additionally surface coated with polyvinyl acetate.
  • Other surface coatings which may be used for controlling the permeability are :
    • Poly(vinylalchohol)
    • Poly(vinylacetate)
    • Plasticised starch derivatives (e.g. starch ether/glycerol/antihumectant)
    • Poly(vinylidenechloride)
    • Plasticised alginates/carboxymethyl cellulose
    • Pigmented slurries bound by any of the above.
  • The sheet materials of Examples 1 to 12 were found to perform satisfactorily in the formation of container closures as described above with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
  • In Table II, each Example relates to a sheet material made in the same manner as the sheets of Examples 1 to 6, except for the heat consolidation step. In the case of the Examples of Table II consolidation was affected by passing the sheet twice through a paper machine calender.
    Figure imgb0001
    Figure imgb0002

Claims (21)

1. A thermally formable paperlike sheet material comprising at least 25% synthetic thermoplastics material a substantial proportion of which is fibrillated, with at least a substantial portion of the balance to 100% being of cellulosic fibres, said sheet having a thickness of less than 140 microns and being treated to exhibit a mimimum tensile strength along a first axis of 12 Newtons, and along a second axis at right angles to the first axis of 8 Newtons, per 25 millimetres of width transverse to the respective axis, and a permeability to air of less than 100,000 cubin centimetres per minute through an area of 10 square centimetres and at a pressure of 10 centimetres water gauge.
2. A thermally formable paperlike sheet material as claimed in claim 1 in which the tensile strength is achieved by heat and/or pressure consolidation.
3. A thermally formable paperlike sheet material as claimed in claim 1 in which the tensile strength is achieved by coating with a binder or a film forming material.
4. A thermally formable paperlike sheet material as claimed in claim 3 in which the binder or film forming material is polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetate.
5. A thermally formable paperlike sheet material as claimed in claim 3 or claim 4 in which the tensile strength is achieved by a binder or a film forming material in combination with heat and/or pressure consolidation.
6. A thermally formable paperlike sheet material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the con- tent of synthetic thermoplastics material is at least 30%.
7. A thermally formable paperlike sheet material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which pigments or fillers are included.
8. A thermally formable paperlike sheet material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims comprising from 50% to 95% synthetic thermoplastic material.
9. A thermally formable paperlike sheet material as claimed in claim 8 comprising 75% synthetic plastics material, at least 80% of which is fibrillated.
10. A thermally formable paperlike sheet material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the synthetic plastics material is constituted by a polyolefin.
11. A thermally formable paperlike sheet material as claimed in claim 10 in which the polyolefin is polyethe- lene or polypropylene.
12. A thermally formable paperlike sheet material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which synthetic thermoplastics particulate material is included to supplement the fibrillated material.
13. A thermally formable paperlike sheet material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the cellulosic fibres are of bleached softwood sulphate or sulphite or cotton linters.
14. A thermally formable paperlile sheet material as claimed in any one of the preceding claims including loadings of papermaking additives.
15. A thermally formable paperlike sheet material as claimed in claim 14 in which the additives are titanium dioxide or calcium carbonate.
16. A thermally formable paperlike sheet material having the characteristics set forth in accompanying Examples 1 to 12.
17. A thermally formable paperlike sheet material substantially as described herein.
18. A method of making a thermally formable paperlike sheet material as set forth in any one of the preceding claims 1 to 17 which includes using an aqueous dispersion of solid material comprising at least 25% synthetic thermoplastics material, a substantial proportion of which is fibrillated with at least a substantial proportion of the balance to 100% being cellulosic fibres, which dispersion is formed into a web, pressed and dried and then treated so as to confer thereon the thickness, tensile strength and permeability as defined in claim 1.
19. A method as claimed in claim 18 in which the said treatment includes consolidation by heat and/or pressure, coating with a binder or a film forming material, or a combination of such consolidation and coating.
20. A method as claimed in claim 19 in which the binder or film forming material is polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetate.
21. A method of making a thermally formable paperlike sheet material substantially as described herein.
EP84300295A 1983-01-26 1984-01-18 Paperlike sheet materials Withdrawn EP0116414A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB838302166A GB8302166D0 (en) 1983-01-26 1983-01-26 Paperlike sheet materials
GB8302166 1983-01-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0116414A1 true EP0116414A1 (en) 1984-08-22

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EP84300295A Withdrawn EP0116414A1 (en) 1983-01-26 1984-01-18 Paperlike sheet materials

Country Status (8)

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EP (1) EP0116414A1 (en)
JP (1) JPS59163500A (en)
AU (1) AU2362184A (en)
BR (1) BR8400283A (en)
ES (1) ES529136A0 (en)
FI (1) FI840271A (en)
GB (1) GB8302166D0 (en)
ZA (1) ZA84331B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015014823A1 (en) 2015-09-05 2017-03-09 Svd-Verpackungen Gmbh Compostable papers and paper-like materials and their use
DE102016004570B3 (en) * 2016-04-19 2017-10-05 Wind Plus Sonne Gmbh Panel materials, composites and composite materials on the basis of separated manure or wood and separated manure

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH99775A (en) * 1922-05-24 1923-06-16 Helvetia K A G Meister Thomi & Process for the production of airtight and watertight packaging material.
US3029940A (en) * 1960-06-13 1962-04-17 United States Gypsum Co Packaging material and method for making same
US3298855A (en) * 1961-08-14 1967-01-17 Gulf Oil Corp Moisture-resistant wrapping paper
GB1155823A (en) * 1963-10-12 1969-06-25 Waldhof Zellstoff Fab Thermosealable Packaging Material
GB1189269A (en) * 1967-09-29 1970-04-22 Ethylene Plastique Sa Paper-Coating Compositions
FR2169197A1 (en) * 1972-01-24 1973-09-07 Crown Zellerbach Int Inc Porous sheet - impermeable to water except under pressure of polyolefine and possibly cellulose fibres
DE2358506A1 (en) * 1972-11-24 1974-06-12 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd Coated paper of high surface strength - produced from polyolefinic pulps
DE2344367A1 (en) * 1973-09-03 1975-03-20 Schoeller Felix Jun Fa Photographic base prodn. for coating with polyolefins - by calendering paper made from cellulose and thermoplastics particles
GB1453503A (en) * 1974-01-11 1976-10-27 Solvay Production of thermoformed sheets from fibres
GB1491937A (en) * 1974-03-25 1977-11-16 Montedison Spa Paper-like material
EP0011488A1 (en) * 1978-11-17 1980-05-28 The Wiggins Teape Group Limited Heat bonded paper

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH99775A (en) * 1922-05-24 1923-06-16 Helvetia K A G Meister Thomi & Process for the production of airtight and watertight packaging material.
US3029940A (en) * 1960-06-13 1962-04-17 United States Gypsum Co Packaging material and method for making same
US3298855A (en) * 1961-08-14 1967-01-17 Gulf Oil Corp Moisture-resistant wrapping paper
GB1155823A (en) * 1963-10-12 1969-06-25 Waldhof Zellstoff Fab Thermosealable Packaging Material
GB1189269A (en) * 1967-09-29 1970-04-22 Ethylene Plastique Sa Paper-Coating Compositions
FR2169197A1 (en) * 1972-01-24 1973-09-07 Crown Zellerbach Int Inc Porous sheet - impermeable to water except under pressure of polyolefine and possibly cellulose fibres
DE2358506A1 (en) * 1972-11-24 1974-06-12 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd Coated paper of high surface strength - produced from polyolefinic pulps
DE2344367A1 (en) * 1973-09-03 1975-03-20 Schoeller Felix Jun Fa Photographic base prodn. for coating with polyolefins - by calendering paper made from cellulose and thermoplastics particles
GB1453503A (en) * 1974-01-11 1976-10-27 Solvay Production of thermoformed sheets from fibres
GB1491937A (en) * 1974-03-25 1977-11-16 Montedison Spa Paper-like material
EP0011488A1 (en) * 1978-11-17 1980-05-28 The Wiggins Teape Group Limited Heat bonded paper

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
V. STANNETT et al.: "Permeability of plastic films and coated paper to gases and vapors", Tappi Monograph Series no. 23, 1962, Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, New York, US *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015014823A1 (en) 2015-09-05 2017-03-09 Svd-Verpackungen Gmbh Compostable papers and paper-like materials and their use
DE102016004570B3 (en) * 2016-04-19 2017-10-05 Wind Plus Sonne Gmbh Panel materials, composites and composite materials on the basis of separated manure or wood and separated manure
WO2017182120A1 (en) 2016-04-19 2017-10-26 WindplusSonne GmbH Gas-permeable devices which absorb voc and/or pollutants and/or are biocidal, and use thereof
US10960096B2 (en) 2016-04-19 2021-03-30 WindplusSonne GmbH Gas-permeable devices which absorb VOC and/or pollutants and/or are biocidal, and use thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES8506369A1 (en) 1985-07-01
JPS59163500A (en) 1984-09-14
AU2362184A (en) 1984-08-02
FI840271A (en) 1984-07-27
GB8302166D0 (en) 1983-03-02
ES529136A0 (en) 1985-07-01
FI840271A0 (en) 1984-01-23
ZA84331B (en) 1985-03-27
BR8400283A (en) 1984-08-28

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Inventor name: INGLIS, BRUCE REYNOLDS

Inventor name: DREW, QUENTIN MILES