EP0114946B1 - Automatic shoulder arm with rigidly locked breechblock for ammunition with extremely high projectile momentum - Google Patents

Automatic shoulder arm with rigidly locked breechblock for ammunition with extremely high projectile momentum Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0114946B1
EP0114946B1 EP83110724A EP83110724A EP0114946B1 EP 0114946 B1 EP0114946 B1 EP 0114946B1 EP 83110724 A EP83110724 A EP 83110724A EP 83110724 A EP83110724 A EP 83110724A EP 0114946 B1 EP0114946 B1 EP 0114946B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
breech
tube
carrier
spring
head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83110724A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0114946A3 (en
EP0114946A2 (en
Inventor
Helmut Weldle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heckler und Koch GmbH
Original Assignee
Heckler und Koch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heckler und Koch GmbH filed Critical Heckler und Koch GmbH
Priority to AT83110724T priority Critical patent/ATE37949T1/en
Publication of EP0114946A2 publication Critical patent/EP0114946A2/en
Publication of EP0114946A3 publication Critical patent/EP0114946A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0114946B1 publication Critical patent/EP0114946B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/18—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A15/00—Cartridge extractors, i.e. devices for pulling cartridges or cartridge cases at least partially out of the cartridge chamber; Cartridge ejectors, i.e. devices for throwing the extracted cartridges or cartridge cases free of the gun
    • F41A15/12—Cartridge extractors, i.e. devices for pulling cartridges or cartridge cases at least partially out of the cartridge chamber; Cartridge ejectors, i.e. devices for throwing the extracted cartridges or cartridge cases free of the gun for bolt-action guns
    • F41A15/14—Cartridge extractors, i.e. devices for pulling cartridges or cartridge cases at least partially out of the cartridge chamber; Cartridge ejectors, i.e. devices for throwing the extracted cartridges or cartridge cases free of the gun for bolt-action guns the ejector being mounted on or within the bolt; Extractors per se
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/14—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively
    • F41A3/16—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks
    • F41A3/26—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks semi-automatically or automatically operated, e.g. having a slidable bolt-carrier and a rotatable bolt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock
    • F41A5/18—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock gas-operated
    • F41A5/26—Arrangements or systems for bleeding the gas from the barrel
    • F41A5/28—Adjustable systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates, according to the preamble of claim 1, to an automatic handgun with a rigidly locked breech for ammunition with an extremely high projectile impulse, the weapon being designed as a recoil loader, which is supported by a spring and brake system on the weapon housing, and is mounted on the barrel rigidly lockable, slidably guided in the weapon housing and supported on a closing spring, which carries locking members arranged on the barrel locking members and disengageable locking members and a control cam and follower device for engaging and disengaging the locking members in the pre and return movements of the closure.
  • Such a weapon is essentially known from FR-A-2 256 391. It is assumed that even in this known weapon with a rigidly locked breech there must be any control cams which bring about the unlocking and locking of the breech. This document does not contain any details about the closure.
  • a breech for automatic firearms which comprises a breech slide which is displaceably guided in the weapon housing and a breech block which is longitudinally displaceable relative to the breech block and which carries locking members which can be brought into and out of engagement with locking members arranged on the tube, and control cams and follower means for engaging and disengaging the locking members during the forward and return movements of the closure, and wherein the means for disengaging the locking members arranged on the tube and on the closure head during the return movement of the closure between Closure carrier and closure head is arranged.
  • the closure carrier is moved back by a plunger, the closure carrier executing a relative movement with respect to the closure body.
  • the closure carrier is thus moved by a separate drive and not by braking the return movement of the tube relative to the tube.
  • the description of the application of the closure relates to a gas pressure charger.
  • a two-part breech is used in gas pressure loaders which has a breech carrier and a breech head which is displaceable longitudinally with respect to the breech carrier and which carries locking members which can be brought into and out of engagement with corresponding locking members on the barrel of the weapon by the relative movement between the breech carrier and breech head.
  • the gas piston acts on the closure carrier and gives the closure carrier the relative movement to the closure head required to unlock the closure.
  • the unlocking process usually takes place only after the projectile has left the barrel of the weapon, so that the shooter has to catch the entire projectile impulse via the rigidly locked breech. Therefore, it is only possible to fire ammunition with a relatively small projectile pulse with known handguns.
  • Handguns with rigidly locked breeches which are designed as recoil loaders, are essentially only known in the form of pistols.
  • the barrel is initially carried along by the one-piece breech until a lateral displacement of the barrel or breech takes place via control cams mounted in the housing, as a result of which locking lugs attached to the breech disengage from the barrel, as is the case with the Colt Government pistol.
  • the barrel is unsprung and is brought back into the firing position by the bouncing breech when the weapon is loaded. With this type of weapon, the barrel hits abutments undamped, which stop its return movement and unlock the barrel and breech.
  • the recoil pulse transmitted to the weapon is so great that such an arrangement is completely unsuitable for ammunition with an extremely high projectile pulse.
  • the invention has for its object to design an automatic handgun of the type described above so that the force transmitted by the projectile impulse to the weapon housing and to be absorbed by the shooter is almost uniform and strong force peaks are avoided in any case.
  • the closure comprises a closure carrier which is supported on the closing spring and a closure head which is displaceable longitudinally relative to the closure carrier, that the device for disengaging the on the tube and on Locking members arranged locking members is arranged during the return movement of the closure between the closure carrier and closure head that the relative movement required for unlocking the closure between the closure carrier and the closure head is caused exclusively by braking the tube, and that the spring and brake system and the closing spring are so coordinated that the tube is brought to a standstill during its backward movement exclusively by the spring and brake system, and that the closure reaches its rear end position at a speed at which no significant force peaks occur.
  • the invention thus makes use of the known principle of the recoil loader with a rigidly locked, two-part breech, although this principle has hitherto only been used with stationary machine guns, because the recoil pulse transmitted to the weapon housing is so great that it cannot be expected to be picked up by a gunner can, so that the application of this principle to a handgun, which is designed to fire ammunition with extremely high projectile impulse, must appear senseless from the outset.
  • the relative movement between the breech carrier and the breech head is not effected by control cams arranged in the weapon housing, but by means which are arranged between the breech carrier and the breech head.
  • the closure head with a cylindrical extension in a bore of the closure carrier is rotatably supported about its longitudinal axis and by a bolt inserted into a diagonal bore of the extension, which engages in an oblique slot of the closure carrier and thereby results in a longitudinal displacement of the closure head relative to the Breech carrier also causes rotation of the breech head, held in the breech carrier, which pin in turn is in position by the firing pin axially penetrating in the breech head is secured.
  • Such training is both particularly simple and very stable, as is required for a handgun exposed to very high loads, which is intended for ammunition with an extremely high projectile impulse.
  • force peaks can also result from the fact that the tube and / or the breech have a considerable speed at the end of their return movement and then hit buffers which are attached to the gun housing for this purpose quite hard. Since these force peaks are disturbing, the system described above must be designed so that the tube and closure are almost completely braked when they reach the intended end positions, so that the forces required for the complete braking necessary before the reversal of motion are not appear as disturbing force peaks. As a result, the system according to the invention must be matched very precisely to the projectile impulse of the type of ammunition provided.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the breech carrier is additionally operatively connected to a gas pressure charging device which can be changed in its effect, in particular can be switched off.
  • Such a gas pressure charging device can have, in a manner known per se, a cylinder connected to the barrel via a bore and a piston which is displaceably mounted in the cylinder and acts on the breech carrier, which then gives the breech carrier an additional acceleration when firing ammunition with a low projectile impulse so that the loading process takes place takes place properly.
  • the arrangement can, for example, be such that the gas pressure loading device which starts somewhat delayed as a result of the gas flow processes no longer has any significant effect when ammunition with a high projectile impulse is used, in which support by the gas pressure loading device is not required .
  • shut-off valve is also to be understood as a valve which not only either completely releases or completely shuts off the connection between the tube and the cylinder, but which can also be brought into intermediate positions in which it restricts this connection to a greater or lesser extent .
  • a valve can easily be designed so that it can be adjusted to different types of ammunition.
  • the shut-off valve could be formed by a slide arranged in the cylinder, which more or less closes or opens the bore opening into the cylinder wall. Such a slide can be easily adjusted from the side facing away from the piston without any sealing problems occurring because the slide, like the piston, can be tightly guided on the side of the bore in the cylinder facing away from the piston.
  • shut-off valve does not have to be adjusted manually to the different types of ammunition, but is instead automatically brought into a position which is adapted to the projectile impulse of the respective ammunition.
  • This not only simplifies the use of the firearm according to the invention, but above all it ensures that when the ammunition type is changed, an adjustment of the shut-off valve is not forgotten, and as a result of such a forgetting, if the projectile pulse is too low, it does not lead to loading inhibitions or if it is too strong Projectile impulse can not lead to significant mistakes or even injuries due to a hard setback.
  • This automatic adjustment of the shut-off valve is achieved in the preferred embodiment of the invention in that the position of the shut-off valve is controlled by an inertial mass movably mounted in relation to the tube and loaded by a spring, in such a way that, due to the coordination of the size of the mass and the force of the spring on the return behavior of the pipe, the mass only follow a slow return movement of the pipe, such as occurs when firing ammunition with a small projectile impulse, while keeping the valve open, while the mass remains behind the pipe and all the more to close off the bore causes the faster the return movement of the pipe takes place with a larger projectile impulse.
  • the shut-off valve can be formed by a slide arranged in the cylinder, and this slide can directly form the inertial mass causing the valve control and can be loaded by a spring arranged in the cylinder, which strives to To hold the slide in a position at the rear in relation to the firing direction, in which the slide releases the bore.
  • the slide is designed as a sleeve which has an annular groove on its circumference, in the area of which the bore opens when the slide is in its rest position, and which is connected to the interior of the sleeve via radial bores. This design of the slide ensures that the forces exerted by the gas pressure on the sleeve compensate in the axial direction, and the position of the slide is independent of the gas pressure prevailing in the cylinder.
  • the barrel 1 of the rifle shown in FIG. 1 is displaceably mounted in the weapon housing 2 in its longitudinal direction and is supported by a spring 6 and a system 6 containing a friction brake 5 on an abutment 8 containing disc springs 7.
  • a breech which consists of a breech slide 9 which is displaceable in its longitudinal direction in the weapon housing 2 and a breech head 10 which can be rigidly locked with the rear end of the tube 1 and rotates about its longitudinal axis.
  • the breech carrier 9 is loaded by a closing spring 11 which is supported at the rear end of the weapon housing 2.
  • the closure carrier 9 has on its underside an extension 12 in which there is a bore 13 which is concentric with the axis of the tube 1 and into which the closure head 10 engages.
  • the closure head 10 has radially projecting, axially parallel locking combs 14 which, when the closure is locked, place corresponding locking combs 15 at the rear end of the tube 1.
  • the combs 14 on the closure head face gaps between the locking combs 15 on the tube 1 and vice versa.
  • a bolt 16 which is arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axis and which projects at one end over the circumference of the closure head 10.
  • This end forms a pin 17 which engages in a slot 18 which extends obliquely to the surface lines of the closure head 10 or the bore 13 in the closure carrier 9. Due to the engagement of the pin 17 in the oblique slot 18, there is a positive connection between the closure head 10 and the shoulder 12 on the closure carrier 9, which permits a limited axial movement of the closure head 10 relative to the closure carrier 9 with simultaneous rotation.
  • the bolt 16 is held in the breech head 10 by the firing pin 19 which is inserted into bores of the breech carrier 9 and the breech head 10 which are concentric with the axis of the tube 1 and is held at its rear end by an inserted bracket 20.
  • 2 and 3 reveal further details of the closure and components stored therein, namely a lever 21 for locking the closure head 10 in the unlocked state, an extractor claw 22 and a spring-loaded ejector rod 23.
  • the special feature of the recoil drawer described is the separation of the closure carrier 9 from the tube 1 with a differential speed starting at 0, whereby the screwing of the closure head out of the lock is extended in time and thus a completely shock-free unlocking is ensured.
  • the existing spring systems can be tuned so that the ammunition with the largest projectile impulse, i.e. if there is no gas pressure support, the tube reverses its direction of movement before it hits a stop that mechanically limits the return path, while the breech closes its rear end position with a Speed reached at which a perfect loading is still guaranteed, but no significant force peaks occur. This means that the entire loading process can be controlled so that the projectile pulse is distributed very evenly over a long period of time and the shooter is able to fire ammunition with an extremely high projectile pulse.
  • the rifle has an additional gas pressure loading device.
  • This gas pressure charging device comprises in a conventional manner a cylinder 31 which is attached to the top of the tube 1 and communicates with the interior of the tube via a radial bore 32.
  • a piston 33 is slidably mounted, which carries at its rear end with respect to the firing direction a piston rod 44 which projects from the bottom of the cylinder 31 and faces the end face of the breech carrier 9.
  • the piston rod 34 is surrounded by a helical compression spring 35 which tends to hold the piston 33 in the front position shown in FIG. 1.
  • a valve 37 which in the illustrated embodiment is formed by an externally actuated rotary valve which either connects the radial bore 32 to the interior 36 of the cylinder 31 or blocks the radial bore 32. This valve 37 therefore makes it possible, when firing ammunition with the extremely high projectile impulse, to render the gas pressure loading device ineffective by blocking the radial bore 32.
  • valve 37 can be opened so that the breech carrier 9 is given an additional acceleration by the gas pressure acting on the piston 33, which ensures that the breech 9 is unlocked properly and reaches its rear end position, as is necessary for a perfect loading process, even if the speed given as a result of the recoil to the tube 1 and thus the closure 9 would not be sufficient to bring about a perfect separation between the closure and the tube or even to bring the closure into its rear end position.
  • the advantage of the design of the rifle according to the invention is fully retained, namely that the unlocking of the breech is initiated completely smoothly by the slowly increasing relative speed of the breech 9 relative to the tube 1 as a result of the braking of the tube 1 and then increasingly by the effective gas pressure is only accelerated, without the occurrence of any pressure peaks.
  • valve 37 need not only have two positions in which the gas pressure charging system is either switched off or in effect, but that several positions are possible in which bores of different cross-sections are released in order to thereby open the cylinder 31 throttling gas flow more or less and thereby adapt the effect of the gas pressure loading device to several different types of ammunition.
  • a valve has the disadvantage, however, that it must be set manually to the respective type of ammunition, so that there is a possibility that the correct setting is omitted for a variety of reasons Embodiment automatically adjusts to the respective type of ammunition and therefore ensures that such errors are avoided when handling the rifle.
  • a sleeve-shaped slide 44 is slidably mounted in its longitudinal direction in the cylinder 31.
  • This slide 44 is loaded at its front end with respect to the firing direction by a helical compression spring 45 arranged in the cylinder 31, the slide 44 of which compresses the slide 44 opposite end is supported on a screwed onto the front end of the cylinder 31 cover 45.
  • the spring 45 endeavors to hold the slide 44 in a rest position in which its rear end abuts a stop 47 which is formed by a pin projecting radially into the cylinder 31.
  • the slide 44 has an annular groove 48 on its circumference, in the area of which the bore 32 connecting the tube 1 to the cylinder 31 opens when the slide 44 assumes its rest position, which is defined by the abutment on the stop 47.
  • the annular groove 48 is connected via radial bores 49 to the interior of the sleeve-shaped slide 44 so that powder gases from the tube 1 can enter the cylinder 31 through the bore 32, the annular groove 48 and the radial bores 49.
  • curves 51 and 52 illustrate the return movement of the tube closure system in the case of ammunition with a weak or strong projectile impulse.
  • the ordinate of the diagram according to FIG. 5 indicates the path s and the abscissa the time t during which the path s marked by the ordinate is covered. It can be readily seen that the movement of the pipe closure system represented by curve 52 occurs much faster with a strong projectile impulse and therefore also with greater acceleration than the return movement of the pipe closure system with weak projectile impulse which occurs through the curve 51 is illustrated.
  • the dash-dotted curve 53 in FIG. 5 illustrates the movement of the system formed by the slide 44 and the helical compression spring 45.
  • This system is tuned in such a way that when the projectile pulse is weak, the slide 44 follows the return movement of the pipe closure system, so that the slide 44 maintains its position with respect to this system and the bore 32 in the region of the groove 49 during the entire return movement of the slide 44 and propellant gases can freely enter the cylinder 31.
  • the gas pressure charging device is then fully effective in the manner described above.
  • the mass of the slide 44 and the force of the spring 45 can be selected so that in connection with the design of the control surfaces on the slide 44 such an amount of gas is admitted into the cylinder 31 that over a wide range
  • the impulse exerted by the recoil and the gas pressure on the pipe closure system or the closure is always sufficient to carry out the loading process properly, but without the pulse energy being substantially greater than the energy required for the loading process, so that none there is a significant surplus of energy that would have to be destroyed and led to unbearable peaks in energy.
  • the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown, but deviations are possible without leaving the scope of the invention.
  • devices other than valves to influence the action of the gas pressure charging system, for example devices for braking or even locking the piston actuated by the gas pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Buckles (AREA)
  • Ladders (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)

Abstract

An automatic hand firearm for ammunition with extremely high projectile momentum is designed as a recoil loader which has a mounted barrel, supported by a spring and brake system (6, 7) on the weapon housing, a breech block (9, 10), which can be rigidly locked with the barrel and which encompasses a breech block carrier (9), movably led in the weapon housing (2) and supported on a breech-closing spring, and also encompasses a plug (10) which is longitudinally adjustable in relation to the breech block carrier, which carries locking parts (14) which can be engaged or disengaged with locking parts (15) on the barrel (1), and having devices comprising cams (18) and follow-up parts (17) for engaging-and-disengaging locking parts (14, 15) with the counterrecoil and recoil motion of the breech and with which the device for disengaging the locking parts (14, 15), arranged on the barrel (1) and on the plug (10), with the recoil motion of the breech block, is arranged between breech block carrier (9) and plug (10). If weaker ammunition is also to be fired with the same weapon, the loading process can be supported by an additional gas-operated-loading-device.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 ein automatische Handfeuerwaffe mit starr verriegeltem Verschluß für Munition mit extrem hohem Geschoßimpuls, wobei die Waffe als Rückstoßlader ausgebildet ist, der ein über ein Feder- und Bremssystem am Waffengehäuse abgestütztes, lafettiertes Rohr und einen mit dem Rohr starr verriegelbaren, im Waffengehäuse verschiebbar geführten und an einer Schließfeder abgestützten Verschluß umfaßt, der mit am Rohr angeordneten Verriegelungsgliedern in und außer Eingriff bringbare Verriegelungsglieder trägt und eine Steuerkurven und Folgeglieder umfassende Einrichtung zum In-und Außer-Eingriff-Bringen der Verriegelungsglieder bei den Vor- und Rücklaufbewegungen des Verschlusses aufweist.The invention relates, according to the preamble of claim 1, to an automatic handgun with a rigidly locked breech for ammunition with an extremely high projectile impulse, the weapon being designed as a recoil loader, which is supported by a spring and brake system on the weapon housing, and is mounted on the barrel rigidly lockable, slidably guided in the weapon housing and supported on a closing spring, which carries locking members arranged on the barrel locking members and disengageable locking members and a control cam and follower device for engaging and disengaging the locking members in the pre and return movements of the closure.

Eine derartige Waffe ist im wesentlichen durch die FR-A-2 256 391 bekannt. Es wird vorausgesetzt, daß auch bei dieser bekannten Waffe mit starr verriegeltem Verschluß irgendwelche Steuerkurven vorhanden sein müssen, die das Entriegeln und Verriegeln des Verschlusses bewirken. Einzelheiten über den Verschluß enthält diese Druckschrift nicht.Such a weapon is essentially known from FR-A-2 256 391. It is assumed that even in this known weapon with a rigidly locked breech there must be any control cams which bring about the unlocking and locking of the breech. This document does not contain any details about the closure.

Durch die DE-B-2 443 044 ist ein Verschluß für selbsttätige Feuerwaffen bekannt, der einen im Waffengehäuse verschiebbar geführten Verschlußträger und einen gegenüber dem Verschlußträger längs verschieblichen Verschlußkopf umfaßt, der mit am Rohr angeordneten Verriegelungsgliedern in und außer Eingriff bringbare Verriegelungsglieder trägt, und Steuerkurven und Folgeglieder umfaßende Einrichtungen zum In- und Außer-Eingriff-Bringen der Verriegelungsglieder bei den Vor- und Rücklaufbewegungen des Verschlusses aufweist, und bei dem die Einrichtung zum Außer-Eingriff-Bringen der am Rohr und am Verschlußkopf angeordneten Verriegelungsglieder bei der Rücklaufbewegung des Verschlusses zwischen Verschlußträger und Verschlußkopf angeordnet ist. Dabei wird der Verschlußträger durch einen Stößel zurückbewegt, wobei derVerschlußträger gegenüber dem Verschlußkörper eine Relativbewegung ausführt. Der Verschlußträger wird somit durch einen gesonderten Antrieb und nicht durch das Abbremsen der Rücklaufbewegung des Rohrs relativ zum Rohr bewegt. Die Beschreibung der Anwendung des Verschlusses bezieht sich auf einen Gasdrucklader.From DE-B-2 443 044 a breech for automatic firearms is known which comprises a breech slide which is displaceably guided in the weapon housing and a breech block which is longitudinally displaceable relative to the breech block and which carries locking members which can be brought into and out of engagement with locking members arranged on the tube, and control cams and follower means for engaging and disengaging the locking members during the forward and return movements of the closure, and wherein the means for disengaging the locking members arranged on the tube and on the closure head during the return movement of the closure between Closure carrier and closure head is arranged. The closure carrier is moved back by a plunger, the closure carrier executing a relative movement with respect to the closure body. The closure carrier is thus moved by a separate drive and not by braking the return movement of the tube relative to the tube. The description of the application of the closure relates to a gas pressure charger.

Es besteht ein Bedarf dafür, Munition mit extrem hohem Geschoßimpuls mittels Handfeuerwaffen zu verschießen. Ein Beispiel für eine solche Waffe ist eine Kampfschrotwaffe, die es ermöglicht, eine größere Anzahl von Geschossen (großkalibriges Schrot) bis zu einer Entfernung von 100 bis 150 m ins Ziel zu bringen. Das Verschießen solcher Munition mit Handfeuerwaffen ist nur möglich, wenn es gelingt, den Geschoßimpuls auf das Zeitintervall zwischen zwei Schüssen möglichst gleichmäßig zu verteilen, so daß zu jeder Zeit die vom Schützen aufzunehmende Kraft in für den Schützen erträglichen Grenzen bleibt.There is a need to fire ammunition with extremely high projectile momentum using handguns. An example of such a weapon is a combat shotgun, which enables a larger number of projectiles (large-caliber shot) to be brought up to a distance of 100 to 150 m. Firing such ammunition with handguns is only possible if the projectile pulse is distributed as evenly as possible over the time interval between two shots, so that the force to be absorbed by the shooter remains within tolerable limits for the shooter at all times.

Das Verschießen von Munition mit extrem hohem Geschoßimpuls ist nur möglich, wenn die Waffe einen starr verriegelten Verschluß besitzt. Handfeuerwaffen mit starr verriegeltem Verschluß sind in der Regel als Gasdrucklader ausgebildet. Bei Gasdruckladern wird über eine in den Lauf der Waffe mündende Bohrung eine Verbindung zu einem Gaszylinder hergestellt, in dem ein beweglicher Kolben angeordnet ist, der unter dem Einfluß des auf ihn wirkenden Gasdruckes eine die Entriegelung des Verschlusses bewirkende Bewegung ausführt. Gewöhnlich findet bei Gasdruckladern ein zweiteiliger Verschluß Verwendung, der einen Verschlußträger und einen gegenüber dem Verschlußträger längs verschieblichen Verschlußkopf aufweist, der Verriegelungsglieder trägt, welche durch die Relativbewegung zwischen Verschlußträger und Verschlußkopf in und außer Eingriff mit entsprechenden Verriegelungsgliedern am Rohr der Waffe gebracht werden können. Der Gaskolben wirkt auf den Verschlußträger und erteilt dem Verschlußträger die zum Entriegeln des Verschlusses erforderliche Relativbewegung zum Verschlußkopf. Der Entriegelungsvorgang findet gewöhnlich erst statt, nachdem das Geschoß den Lauf der Waffe verlassen hat, so daß der Schütze über den starr verriegelten Verschluß den gesamten Geschoßimpuls aufzufangen hat. Daher ist mit bisher bekannten Handfeuerwaffen nur das Verschießen von Munition mit relativ kleinem Geschoßimpuls möglich.It is only possible to fire ammunition with extremely high projectile impulses if the weapon has a rigidly locked breech. Small arms with a rigidly locked breech are usually designed as gas pressure loaders. In gas pressure loaders, a connection to a gas cylinder is established via a bore opening into the barrel of the weapon, in which a movable piston is arranged which, under the influence of the gas pressure acting on it, executes a movement which unlocks the breech. Usually, a two-part breech is used in gas pressure loaders which has a breech carrier and a breech head which is displaceable longitudinally with respect to the breech carrier and which carries locking members which can be brought into and out of engagement with corresponding locking members on the barrel of the weapon by the relative movement between the breech carrier and breech head. The gas piston acts on the closure carrier and gives the closure carrier the relative movement to the closure head required to unlock the closure. The unlocking process usually takes place only after the projectile has left the barrel of the weapon, so that the shooter has to catch the entire projectile impulse via the rigidly locked breech. Therefore, it is only possible to fire ammunition with a relatively small projectile pulse with known handguns.

Handfeuerwaffen mit starr verriegelten Verschlüssen, die als Rückstoßlader ausgebildet sind, sind im wesentlichen nur in Form von Pistolen bekannt. Dabei wird der Lauf von dem einteiligen Verschluß zunächst mitgenommen, bis über im Gehäuse angebrachte Steuerkurven eine seitliche Verschiebung von Lauf oder Verschluß stattfindet, wodurch am Verschluß angebrachte Verriegelungswarzen mit dem Lauf außer Eingriff kommen, wie beispielsweise bei der Pistole Colt-Government. Der Lauf ist dabei ungefedert und wird durch den aufprallenden Verschluß beim Laden der Waffe wieder in die Schießstellung gebracht. Bei dieser Art von Waffen trifft der Lauf ungedämpft auf Widerlager auf, welche seine Rücklaufbewegung beenden und die Entriegelung zwischen Lauf und Verschluß bewirken. Der hierbei auf die Waffe übertragene Rückstoßimpuls ist so groß, daß eine solche Anordnung für Munition mit extrem hohem Geschoßimpuls völlig ungeeignet ist.Handguns with rigidly locked breeches, which are designed as recoil loaders, are essentially only known in the form of pistols. The barrel is initially carried along by the one-piece breech until a lateral displacement of the barrel or breech takes place via control cams mounted in the housing, as a result of which locking lugs attached to the breech disengage from the barrel, as is the case with the Colt Government pistol. The barrel is unsprung and is brought back into the firing position by the bouncing breech when the weapon is loaded. With this type of weapon, the barrel hits abutments undamped, which stop its return movement and unlock the barrel and breech. The recoil pulse transmitted to the weapon is so great that such an arrangement is completely unsuitable for ammunition with an extremely high projectile pulse.

Es sind zwar lafettierten Maschinenwaffen her auch Rückstoßlader bekannt, die einen zweiteiligen Verschluß haben, jedoch sind die bei einem solchen Verschlußsystem auf das Waffengehäuse übertragenen Rückstoßkräfte so stark, daß bisher starr verriegelte Rückstoßlader mit zweiteiligem Verschluß bei Handfeuerwaffen keine Anwendung gefunden haben. Tatsächlich wird bei den bekannten, stationären Maschinenwaffen, die als Rückstoßlader mit zweiteiligem Verschluß ausgebildet sind, die Entriegelung des Verschlusses dadurch bewirkt, daß der mit dem Rohr zurücklaufende Verschlußkopf Folgeglieder aufweist, die beim Zurücklaufen des Rohres mit dem starr verriegeltem Verschlußkopf an Steuerkurven im Rohr bzw. Verschlußgehäuse anlaufen und dadurch die Entriegelung des Verschlußkopfes bewirken. Im Augenblick des Auftreffens der Folgeglieder auf die Steuerkurven am Waffengehäuse werden erhebliche Bewegungsenergien auf das Waffengehäuse übertragen. Es entstehen daher in diesem Augenblick sehr hohe Kraftspitzen, die zwar bei stationären Maschinenwaffen vom Waffengehäuse und der das Waffengehäuse tragenden Lafette aufgenommen werden können, deren Aufnahme durch einen Schützen insbesondere dann nicht mehr möglich ist, wenn die Munition einen sehr hohen Geschoßimpuls aufweist.Although reloaded machine guns are also known recoil loaders which have a two-part breech, the recoil forces transmitted to the weapon housing in such a breech system are so strong that previously rigidly locked recoil loaders with two-part breech have not been used in small arms. In fact, in the known, stationary machine guns, which are designed as a recoil loader with a two-part breech, the unlocking of the breech is brought about by the fact that the breech head returning with the tube has follower links which, when the tube runs back with the rigidly locked breech head, on control curves in the tube or Start up the breech housing and thereby unlock the breech head. At the moment the followers hit the control cams on the weapon housing, considerable kinetic energies are transferred to the weapon housing. There are therefore very high force peaks at this moment, which can be absorbed by the weapon housing and the gun carriage carrying the weapon housing in stationary machine weapons, the inclusion of which by a gunner is no longer possible, in particular, when the ammunition has a very high projectile impulse.

Demgemäß liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine automatische Handfeuerwaffe der eingangs geschilderten Art so auszubilden, daß die durch den Geschoßimpuls auf das Waffengehäuse übertragene und vom Schützen aufzunehmende Kraft nahezu gleichförmig ist und jedenfalls starke Kraftspitzen vermieden werden.Accordingly, the invention has for its object to design an automatic handgun of the type described above so that the force transmitted by the projectile impulse to the weapon housing and to be absorbed by the shooter is almost uniform and strong force peaks are avoided in any case.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 dadurch gelöst, daß der Verschluß einen Verschlußträger, der an der Schließfeder abgestützt ist, und einen gegenüber dem Verschlußträger längs verschieblichen Verschlußkopf umfaßt, daß die Einrichtung zum Außer-Eingriff-Bringen der am Rohr und am Verschlußkopf angeordneten Verriegelungsglieder bei der Rücklaufbewegung des Verschlusses zwischen Verschlußträger und Verschlußkopf angeordnet ist, daß die zum Entriegeln des Verschlusses erforderliche Relativbewegung zwischen dem Verschlußträger und dem Verschlußkopf ausschließlich durch Abbremsen des Rohrs hervorgerufen wird, und daß das Feder- und Bremssystem und die Schließfeder so abgestimmt sind, daß das Rohr bei seiner Rückwärtsbewegung ausschließlich durch das Feder- und Bremssystem zum Stillstand gebracht wird, und daß der Verschluß seine hintere Endstellung mit einer Geschwindigkeit erreicht, bei der keine nennenswerten Kraftspitzen auftreten.This object is achieved in accordance with the characterizing part of claim 1 in that the closure comprises a closure carrier which is supported on the closing spring and a closure head which is displaceable longitudinally relative to the closure carrier, that the device for disengaging the on the tube and on Locking members arranged locking members is arranged during the return movement of the closure between the closure carrier and closure head that the relative movement required for unlocking the closure between the closure carrier and the closure head is caused exclusively by braking the tube, and that the spring and brake system and the closing spring are so coordinated that the tube is brought to a standstill during its backward movement exclusively by the spring and brake system, and that the closure reaches its rear end position at a speed at which no significant force peaks occur.

Die Erfindung macht also von dem bekannten Prinzip des Rückstoßladers mit starr verriegeltem, zweiteiligem Verschluß Gebrauch, obwohl dieses Prinzip bisher nur bei stationären Maschinenwaffen Anwendung befunden hat, weil der auf das Waffengehäuse übertragene Rückstoßimpuls so groß ist, daß dessen Aufnahme durch einen Schützen nicht erwartet werden kann, so daß die Awendung dieses Prinzips bei einer Handfeuerwaffe, die zum Verschießen von Munition mit extrem hohem Geschoßimpuls bestimmt ist, von vornherein als sinnlos erscheinen muß. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Handfeuerwaffe wird jedoch anders als bei den bekannten Rückstoßladern die Relativbewegung zwischen dem Verschlußträger und dem Verschlußkopf nicht durch im Waffengehäuse angeordnete Steuerkurven bewirkt, sondern durch Einrichtungen, die zwischen Verschlußträger und Verschlußkopf angeordnet sind. Diese Einrichtungen kommen dadurch zur Wirkung, daß von dem das zurücklaufende Rohr und den verriegelten Verschluß umfassenden System das Rohr vom Feder- und Bremssystem in zunehmendem und viel stärkerem Maße abgebremst wird als der Verschluß durch die Schließfeder, so daß der Verschlußträger das Bestreben hat, seine Bewegung mit der ihm erteilten Anfangsgeschwindigkeit fortzusetzen. Infolgedessen bleibt das Rohr mit dem verriegelten Verschlußkopf hinter dem Verschlußträger zunehmend zusrück, wodurch die Entriegelungs-Einrichtungen in Eingriff kommen und das Entriegeln des Verschlußkopfes bewirken, so daß sich dann der Verschlußträger mit dem Verschlußkopf vom Rohr völlig trennen kann. Da die Relativbewegung zwischen Verschlußträger und Rohr durch Abbremsen des Rohres hervorgerufen wird, nimmt die Relativbewegung langsam und stetig zu, so daß auch die Entriegelung des Verschlußkopfes mit der Anfangsgeschwindigkeit 0 eingeleitet wird und dabei keinerlei Stöße auftreten, durch die Kraftspitzen auf das Waffengehäuse übertragen werden können. Selbst die plötzliche Beschleunigung des Verschlußkopfes in Bewegungsrichtung des Verschlußträgers, die nach dem Entriegeln des Verschlußkopfes stattfindet, führt nicht zu einer Erhöhung, sondern vielmehr zu einer Verminderung der auf das Waffengehäuse übertragenen Kraft, weil hierdurch der Verschlußträger abgebremst wird, der über die Schließfeder eine gewisse Kraft auf das Waffengehäuse ausübt. Insgesamt läßt sich ein solches System derart abstimmen, daß ein Geschoßimpuls sehr gleichmäßig auf eine größere Zeitspanne verteilt werden kann, wodurch es möglich ist, für den Schützen unzumutbare Kraftspitzen zu vermeiden.The invention thus makes use of the known principle of the recoil loader with a rigidly locked, two-part breech, although this principle has hitherto only been used with stationary machine guns, because the recoil pulse transmitted to the weapon housing is so great that it cannot be expected to be picked up by a gunner can, so that the application of this principle to a handgun, which is designed to fire ammunition with extremely high projectile impulse, must appear senseless from the outset. In the handgun according to the invention, however, unlike the known recoil loaders, the relative movement between the breech carrier and the breech head is not effected by control cams arranged in the weapon housing, but by means which are arranged between the breech carrier and the breech head. These devices come into effect in that the system comprising the returning pipe and the locked closure brakes the pipe by the spring and brake system to an increasing and much greater extent than the closure by the closing spring, so that the closure carrier tends to be its To continue movement at the initial speed given to him. As a result, the tube with the locked closure head behind the closure carrier progressively shrinks, whereby the unlocking devices engage and unlock the closure head, so that the closure carrier with the closure head can then completely separate from the tube. Since the relative movement between the breech carrier and the tube is caused by braking the tube, the relative movement increases slowly and steadily, so that the unlocking of the breech head is initiated at the initial speed 0 and no shocks occur by which force peaks can be transmitted to the weapon housing . Even the sudden acceleration of the breech head in the direction of movement of the breech carrier, which takes place after the breech head has been unlocked, does not lead to an increase, but rather to a decrease in the force transmitted to the weapon housing, because this brakes the breech carrier, which has a certain amount via the closing spring Exerts force on the weapon case. Overall, such a system can be tuned in such a way that a projectile pulse can be distributed very evenly over a longer period of time, which makes it possible to avoid unacceptable force peaks for the shooter.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Verschlußkopf mit einem zylindrischen Ansatz in einer Bohrung des Verschlußträgers um seine Längsachse drehbar gelagert und durch einen in eine Diagonalbohrung des Ansatzes eingesetzten Bolzen, der in einen Schrägschlitz des Verschlußträgers eingreift und dadurch bei einer Längsverschiebung des Verschlußkopfes gegenüber dem Verschlußträger auch eine Drehung des Verschlußkopfes bewirkt, im Verschlußträger gehalten, welcher Bolzen seinerseits von dem im Verschlußkopf axial durchsetzenden Schlagbolzen in seiner Lage gesichert ist.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the closure head with a cylindrical extension in a bore of the closure carrier is rotatably supported about its longitudinal axis and by a bolt inserted into a diagonal bore of the extension, which engages in an oblique slot of the closure carrier and thereby results in a longitudinal displacement of the closure head relative to the Breech carrier also causes rotation of the breech head, held in the breech carrier, which pin in turn is in position by the firing pin axially penetrating in the breech head is secured.

Eine solche Ausbildung ist sowohl besonders einfach als auch sehr stabil, wie es für eine sehr hohen Beanspruchungen ausgesetzte Handfeuerwaffe, die für Munition mit extrem hohem Geschoßimpuls bestimmt ist, geboten ist.Such training is both particularly simple and very stable, as is required for a handgun exposed to very high loads, which is intended for ammunition with an extremely high projectile impulse.

Außer durch die Entriegelungsvorgänge können Kraftspitzen noch dadurch entstehen, daß das Rohr und/oder der Verschluß am Ende ihrer Rücklaufbewegung noch eine erhebliche Geschwindigkeit haben und dann ziemlich hart auf Puffer auftreffen, die zu diesem Zweck am Waffengehäuse angebracht sind. Da auch diese Kraftspitzen störend sind, muß das vorstehend beschriebene System so ausgelegt sein, daß Rohr und Verschluß nahezu vollständig abgebremst sind, wenn sie die vorgesehenen Endstellungen erreichen, damit die Kräfte, die zu dem vor der Bewegungsumkehr notwendigen, vollständigen Abbremsen benötigt werden, nicht als störende Kraftspitzen in Erscheinung treten. Infolgedessen muß das erfindungsgemäße System auf den Geschoßimpuls der vorgesehenen Munitionsart sehr genau abgestimmt sein. Sollen mit einer Waffe mehrere Munitionsarten mit unterschiedlichem Geschoßimpuls verschossen werden, muß die Abstimmung auf die Munitionsart mit dem stärksten Geschoßimpuls abgestimmt werden, weil hierfür das Vermeiden übermäßiger Kraftspitzen unbedingt erforderlich ist, mit der Folge, daß bei Munition mit geringerem Geschoßimpuls eine einwandfreie Funktion nicht mehr gewährleistet ist, weil dann der Geschoßimpuls möglicherweise nicht mehr ausreicht, um den Durchladevorgang zu bewirken. Um hier Abhilfe zu schaffen und die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Waffe auch für Munition mit unterschiedlichen Geschoßimpulsen zu ermöglichen, sieht eine weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vor, daß der Verschlußträger zusätzlich mit einer in ihrer Wirkung veränderbaren, insbesondere abschaltbaren, Gasdruckladeeinrichtung in Wirkverbindung steht. Eine solche Gasdruckladeeinrichtung kann in an sich bekannter Weise einen über eine Bohrung mit dem Lauf verbundenen Zylinder und einen im Zylinder verschiebbar gelagerten, auf den Verschlußträger wirkenden Kolben aufweisen, der dann beim Verschießen von Munition mit geringem Geschoßimpuls dem Verschlußträger eine Zusatzbeschleunigung erteilt, damit der Durchladevorgang ordnungsgemäß stattfindet. Dabei kann die Anordnung beispielsweise so getroffen sein, daß die infolge der Gasströmungs-Vorgänge etwas verzögert einsetzende Gasdruck-Ladeeinrichtung nicht mehr nennenswert zur Wirkung kommt, wenn eine Munition mit hohem Geschoßimpuls benutzt wird, bei der eine Unterstützung durch die Gasdruck-Ladeeinrichtung nicht erforderlich ist.In addition to the unlocking processes, force peaks can also result from the fact that the tube and / or the breech have a considerable speed at the end of their return movement and then hit buffers which are attached to the gun housing for this purpose quite hard. Since these force peaks are disturbing, the system described above must be designed so that the tube and closure are almost completely braked when they reach the intended end positions, so that the forces required for the complete braking necessary before the reversal of motion are not appear as disturbing force peaks. As a result, the system according to the invention must be matched very precisely to the projectile impulse of the type of ammunition provided. If several types of ammunition with different projectile impulses are to be fired with a weapon, the match to the type of ammunition with the strongest projectile impulse must be coordinated, because the avoidance of excessive force peaks is absolutely necessary, with the result that with ammunition with a lower projectile impulse no longer functions properly is guaranteed because then the projectile pulse may no longer be sufficient to effect the through-loading process. In order to remedy this and to enable the use of the weapon according to the invention also for ammunition with different projectile impulses, a further embodiment of the invention provides that the breech carrier is additionally operatively connected to a gas pressure charging device which can be changed in its effect, in particular can be switched off. Such a gas pressure charging device can have, in a manner known per se, a cylinder connected to the barrel via a bore and a piston which is displaceably mounted in the cylinder and acts on the breech carrier, which then gives the breech carrier an additional acceleration when firing ammunition with a low projectile impulse so that the loading process takes place takes place properly. The arrangement can, for example, be such that the gas pressure loading device which starts somewhat delayed as a result of the gas flow processes no longer has any significant effect when ammunition with a high projectile impulse is used, in which support by the gas pressure loading device is not required .

Eine besonders einfache Art, die Wirkung der Gasdruck-Ladeeinrichtung zu beeinflussen, besteht in der Anordnung eines Absperrventils in der Verbindung zwischen Rohr und Zylinder. Es versteht sich, daß unter "Absperrventil" auch ein Ventil zu verstehen ist, das nicht nur die Verbindung zwischen Rohr und Zylinder entweder vollständig freigibt oder vollständig absperrt, sondern das auch in Zwischenstellungen bringbar ist, in denen es diese Verbindung mehr oder weniger stark drosselt. Ein solches Ventil kann leicht so ausgebildet werden, daß es auf unterschiedliche Munitionsarten einstellbar ist. Beispielsweise könnte das Absperrventil von einem im Zylinder angeordneten Schieber gebildet werden, der die in die Zylinderwand mündende Bohrung mehr oder weniger verschließt bzw. freigibt. Ein solcher Schieber ist ohne weiteres von der dem Kolben abgewandten Seite her zu verstellen, ohne daß dabei irgendwelche Abdichtungsprobleme auftreten, weil der Schieber ebenso wie der Kolben an der dem Kolben abgewandten Seite der Bohrung im Zylinder dicht geführt sein kann.A particularly simple way of influencing the effect of the gas pressure charging device is to arrange a shut-off valve in the connection between the pipe and the cylinder. It goes without saying that a “shut-off valve” is also to be understood as a valve which not only either completely releases or completely shuts off the connection between the tube and the cylinder, but which can also be brought into intermediate positions in which it restricts this connection to a greater or lesser extent . Such a valve can easily be designed so that it can be adjusted to different types of ammunition. For example, the shut-off valve could be formed by a slide arranged in the cylinder, which more or less closes or opens the bore opening into the cylinder wall. Such a slide can be easily adjusted from the side facing away from the piston without any sealing problems occurring because the slide, like the piston, can be tightly guided on the side of the bore in the cylinder facing away from the piston.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dafür Sorge getragen, daß ein solches Absperrventil nicht von Hand auf die verschiedenen Munitionsarten eingestellt werden muß, sondern automatisch in eine Stellung gebracht wird, welche dem Geschoßimpuls der jeweiligen Munition angepaßt ist. Hierdurch wird nicht nur die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Feuerwaffe vereinfacht, sondern es ist vor allem gewährleistet, daß bei einem Wechsel der Munitionsart nicht eine Verstellung des Absperrventils vergessen wird, und es infolge eines solchen Vergessens bei zu geringem Geschoßimpuls nicht zu Ladehemmungen oder aber bei zu starkem Geschoßimpuls nicht zu erheblichen Trefferfehlern oder gar Verletzungen infolge eines zu harten Rückschlages kommen kann. Diese automatische Einstellung des Absperrventils wird bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung dadurch erzielt, daß die Stellung des Absperrventils von einer in Bezug auf das Rohr beweglich gelagerten und von einer Feder belasteten trägen Masse gesteuert wird, derart, daß infolge der Abstimmung der Größe der Masse und der Kraft der Feder auf das Rücklaufverhalten des Rohres die Masse nur einer langsamen Rücklaufbewegung des Rohres, wie sie beim Verschießen von Munition mit geringem Geschoßimpuls stattfindet, folgen und dabei das Ventil offenhalten kann, wogegen die Masse gegenüber dem Rohr zurückbleibt und umsomehr ein Abschließen der Bohrung bewirkt, je schneller bei größerem Geschoßimpuls die Rücklaufbewegung des Rohres erfolgt.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, care is taken to ensure that such a shut-off valve does not have to be adjusted manually to the different types of ammunition, but is instead automatically brought into a position which is adapted to the projectile impulse of the respective ammunition. This not only simplifies the use of the firearm according to the invention, but above all it ensures that when the ammunition type is changed, an adjustment of the shut-off valve is not forgotten, and as a result of such a forgetting, if the projectile pulse is too low, it does not lead to loading inhibitions or if it is too strong Projectile impulse can not lead to significant mistakes or even injuries due to a hard setback. This automatic adjustment of the shut-off valve is achieved in the preferred embodiment of the invention in that the position of the shut-off valve is controlled by an inertial mass movably mounted in relation to the tube and loaded by a spring, in such a way that, due to the coordination of the size of the mass and the force of the spring on the return behavior of the pipe, the mass only follow a slow return movement of the pipe, such as occurs when firing ammunition with a small projectile impulse, while keeping the valve open, while the mass remains behind the pipe and all the more to close off the bore causes the faster the return movement of the pipe takes place with a larger projectile impulse.

Auch bei einer solchen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann das Absperrventil von einem im Zylinder angeordneten Schieber gebildet werden, und es kann dieser Schieber unmittelbar die die Ventilsteuerung bewirkende träge Masse bilden und von einer im Zylinder angeordneten Feder belastet sein, die bestrebt ist, den Schieber in einer in Bezug auf die Schußrichtung hinteren Ruhestellung zu halten, in welcher der Schieber die Bohrung freigibt. Dabei ist es besonders zweckmäßig, wenn der Schieber als Hülse ausgebildet ist, die an ihrem Umfang eine Ringnut aufweist, in deren Bereich die Bohrung mündet, wenn der Schieber seine Ruhestellung einnimmt, und die über Radialbohrungen mit dem Inneren der Hülse in Verbindung steht. Diese Ausbildung des Schiebers gewährleistet, daß sich die vom Gasdruck auf die Hülse ausgeübten Kräfte in Axialrichtung ausgleichen die Stellung des Schiebers von den im Zylinder herrschenden Gasdruck unabhängig ist.Even in such an embodiment of the invention, the shut-off valve can be formed by a slide arranged in the cylinder, and this slide can directly form the inertial mass causing the valve control and can be loaded by a spring arranged in the cylinder, which strives to To hold the slide in a position at the rear in relation to the firing direction, in which the slide releases the bore. It is particularly expedient if the slide is designed as a sleeve which has an annular groove on its circumference, in the area of which the bore opens when the slide is in its rest position, and which is connected to the interior of the sleeve via radial bores. This design of the slide ensures that the forces exerted by the gas pressure on the sleeve compensate in the axial direction, and the position of the slide is independent of the gas pressure prevailing in the cylinder.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher beschrieben und erläutert. Die der Beschreibung und der Zeichnung zu entnehmenden Merkmale können bei anderen Ausführungsformen einzeln für sich oder zu mehreren in beliebiger Kombination Anwendung finden. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch ein nach der Erfindung ausgebildetes Gewehr,
  • Fig. 2 einen Längsschnitt durch den Verschluß des Gewehres nach Fig. 1 in vergrößertem Maßstab,
  • Fig. 3 einen Schnitt längs der Linie 111-111 durch die Anordnung nach Fig. 2,
  • Fig. 4 einen Längsschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Gasdruck- Ladeeinrichtung für ein Gewehr nach der Erfindung und
  • Fig. 5 ein Weg-Zeit-Diagramm der Rohr- und Ventilbewegung bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 4.
The invention is described and explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. The features to be gathered from the description and the drawing can be used in other embodiments individually or in combination in any combination. Show it
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section through a rifle designed according to the invention,
  • 2 shows a longitudinal section through the breech of the rifle according to FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale,
  • 3 shows a section along the line 111-111 through the arrangement according to FIG. 2,
  • Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of a gas pressure loading device for a rifle according to the invention and
  • 5 is a path-time diagram of the pipe and valve movement in the embodiment of FIG. 4th

Das Rohr 1 des in Fig. 1 dargestellten Gewehrs ist in Waffengehäuse 2 in seiner Längsrichtung verschieblich gelagert und stützt sich über eine Vorholfeder 3 und eine Reibungsbremse 5 enthaltendes System 6 an einem Tellerfedern 7 enthaltenden Widerlager 8 ab. Mit dem hinteren Ende des Rohres 1 wirkt ein Verschluß zusammen, der aus einem im Waffengehäuse 2 in seiner Längsrichtung verschiebbaren Verschlußträger 9 und einem mit dem hinteren Ende des Rohres 1 starr verriegelbaren, um seine Längsachse drehbaren Verschlußkopf 10 besteht. Der Verschlußträger 9 ist von einer Schließfeder 11 belastet, die sich am hinteren Ende des Waffengehäuses 2 abstützt.The barrel 1 of the rifle shown in FIG. 1 is displaceably mounted in the weapon housing 2 in its longitudinal direction and is supported by a spring 6 and a system 6 containing a friction brake 5 on an abutment 8 containing disc springs 7. With the rear end of the tube 1 cooperates a breech which consists of a breech slide 9 which is displaceable in its longitudinal direction in the weapon housing 2 and a breech head 10 which can be rigidly locked with the rear end of the tube 1 and rotates about its longitudinal axis. The breech carrier 9 is loaded by a closing spring 11 which is supported at the rear end of the weapon housing 2.

Wie aus den Fig. 2 und 3 ersichtlich, weist der Verschlußträger 9 an seiner Unterseite einen Ansatz 12 auf, in dem sich eine zur Achse des Rohres 1 konzentrische Bohrung 13 befindet, in die der Verschlußkopf 10 eingreift. Am vorderen Ende weist der Verschlußkopf 10 radial abstehende, achsparallele Verriegelungskämme 14 auf, die bei verriegeltem Verschluß entsprechende Verriegelungskämme 15 am hinteren Ende des Rohres 1 hinterstellen. Bei entriegeltem Verschluß stehen die Kämme 14 am Verschlußkopf Lücken zwischen den Verriegelungskämmen 15 am Rohr 1 gegenüber und umgekehrt.As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the closure carrier 9 has on its underside an extension 12 in which there is a bore 13 which is concentric with the axis of the tube 1 and into which the closure head 10 engages. At the front end, the closure head 10 has radially projecting, axially parallel locking combs 14 which, when the closure is locked, place corresponding locking combs 15 at the rear end of the tube 1. When the closure is unlocked, the combs 14 on the closure head face gaps between the locking combs 15 on the tube 1 and vice versa.

In dem zylindrischen Abschnitt des Verschlußkopfes 10 befindet sich ein rechtwinklig zur Längsachse angeordneter Bolzen 16, der mit einem Ende über den Umfang des Verschlußkopfes 10 übersteht. Dieses Ende bildet einen Zapfen 17, der in einen Schlitz 18 eingreift, der zu den Mantellinien des Verschlußkopfes 10 bzw. der Bohrung 13 im Verschlußträger 9 schräg verläuft. Durch den Eingriff des Zapfens 17 in den Schrägschlitz 18 besteht zwischen dem Verschlußkopf 10 und dem Ansatz 12 am Verschlußträger 9 eine formschlüssige Verbindung, die eine begrenzte Axialbewegung des Verschlußkopfes 10 gegenüber dem Verschlußträger 9 bei gleichzeitiger Drehung zuläßt. Der Bolzen 16 ist in dem Verschlußkopf 10 durch den Schlagbolzen 19 gehalten, der in entsprechende zur Achse des Rohres 1 konzentrische Bohrungen des Verschlußträgers 9 und des Verschlußkopfes 10 eingesetzt und an seinem hinteren Ende durch einen eingesteckten Bügel 20 gehalten ist. Die Fig. 2 und 3 lassen weitere Einzelheiten des Verschlusses und darin gelagerter Bauteile erkennen, nämlich einen Hebel 21 zum Arretieren des Verschlußkopfes 10 in entriegeltem Zustand, eine Auszieherkralle 22 und eine gefederte Auswerferstange 23. Diese Einzelheiten sind jedoch in ihrer Anordnung und Funktion von herkömmlicher Art und brauchen, da sie nicht zur Erfindung gehören, hier nicht näher erläutert zu werden.In the cylindrical section of the closure head 10 there is a bolt 16 which is arranged at right angles to the longitudinal axis and which projects at one end over the circumference of the closure head 10. This end forms a pin 17 which engages in a slot 18 which extends obliquely to the surface lines of the closure head 10 or the bore 13 in the closure carrier 9. Due to the engagement of the pin 17 in the oblique slot 18, there is a positive connection between the closure head 10 and the shoulder 12 on the closure carrier 9, which permits a limited axial movement of the closure head 10 relative to the closure carrier 9 with simultaneous rotation. The bolt 16 is held in the breech head 10 by the firing pin 19 which is inserted into bores of the breech carrier 9 and the breech head 10 which are concentric with the axis of the tube 1 and is held at its rear end by an inserted bracket 20. 2 and 3 reveal further details of the closure and components stored therein, namely a lever 21 for locking the closure head 10 in the unlocked state, an extractor claw 22 and a spring-loaded ejector rod 23. These details, however, are more conventional in their arrangement and function Type and need, since they are not part of the invention, not to be explained in more detail here.

Die bisher beschriebenen Bestandteile des Gewehres bilden einen voll funktionsfähigen Rückstoßlader. Wird bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Zustand des Gewehres mit verriegeltem Verschluß ein Schuß abgefeuert, so bewirkt der Rückstoß ein Zurücklaufen des Rohres 1 zusammen mit dem starr verriegelten Verschluß 9, 10. Dabei wird der Rücklauf des Rohres 1 durch die Vorholfeder 3 und das System 6 mit der Reibungsbremse 5 stärker abgebremst als der Verschlußträger 9 durch die relativ schwache Schließfeder 11. Infolgedessen bleibt beim Rücklauf das Rohr 1 hinter dem Verschlußträger 9 in zunehmendem Maß zurück, so daß auch eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem Verschlußträger 9 und dem Verschlußkopf 10 stattfindet, die eine von dem Schlitz 18 in Verbindung mit dem Zapfen 17 gesteuerte Drehung des Verschlußkopfes 10 zur Folge hat. Hierdurch wird die starre Verriegelung zwischen dem Verschlußkopf 10 und dem hinteren ende des Rohres 1 gelöst, so daß im weiteren Verlauf der Verschlußträger 9 den Verschlußkopf 10 auch in Axialrichtung mitnimmt und dadurch vom hinteren Ende des Rohres trennt. Wenn das Rohr 1 die durch die Kraft der Vorholfeder 3 und die Characteristik des Systems 6 bestimmte hintere Endlage erreicht hat, wird es wieder in seine vordere Stellung zurückgebracht. In ähnlicher Weise wird auch der Verschlußträger 9 nach Erreichen seiner hinteren Endstellung von der Schließfeder 11 wieder nach vorn gebracht, wobei der Verschlußkopf 10 aus dem Magazin 24 eine Patrone mitnimmt. Ein Einschieben des Verschlußkopfes 10 in die Bohrung 13 des Verschlußträgers 9 wird durch den oben erwähnten Hebel 21 verhindert, der zwischen die Verriegelungskämme 14 am Verschlußkopf einfällt, sobald die Verriegelungskämme vom Rohr 1 getrennt sind. Erreicht der Verschlußkopf 10 das hintere Rohrende, wird der Hebel 21 vom hinteren Ende des Rohres 1 ausgelenkt und es wird der Ansatz 12 des Verschlußträgers 9 auf den zylindrischen Abschnitt des Verschlußkopfes 10 aufgeschoben und dabei der Verschlußkopf hinter die Verriegelungskämme 15 am hinteren Ende des Rohres gedreht, nachdem der Verschlußkopf seine vorderste Stellung erreicht hat.The components of the rifle described so far form a fully functional recoil loader. If a shot is fired in the state of the rifle shown in FIG. 1 with the breech locked, the recoil causes the tube 1 to run back together with the rigidly locked breech 9, 10. The return of the tube 1 by the spring 3 and the System 6 with the friction brake 5 braked more than the closure carrier 9 due to the relatively weak closing spring 11. As a result, the tube 1 remains behind the closure carrier 9 to an increasing extent during the return, so that there is also a relative movement between the closure carrier 9 and the closure head 10, which results in rotation of the closure head 10 controlled by the slot 18 in connection with the pin 17. As a result, the rigid locking between the closure head 10 and the rear end of the tube 1 is released, so that in the further course of the closure carrier 9 the closure head 10 also takes along in the axial direction and thereby separates it from the rear end of the tube. When the tube 1 has reached the rear end position determined by the force of the return spring 3 and the characteristics of the system 6, it is returned to its front position. Similarly, the closure carrier 9 is brought forward again by the closing spring 11 after reaching its rear end position, the breechhead 10 taking a cartridge out of the magazine 24. Insertion of the closure head 10 into the bore 13 of the closure carrier 9 is prevented by the above-mentioned lever 21, which engages between the locking combs 14 on the closure head as soon as the locking combs are separated from the tube 1. When the closure head 10 reaches the rear end of the tube, the lever 21 is deflected from the rear end of the tube 1 and the shoulder 12 of the closure carrier 9 is pushed onto the cylindrical section of the closure head 10 and the closure head is rotated behind the locking combs 15 at the rear end of the tube after the shutter head has reached its foremost position.

Das besondere an dem beschriebenen Rückstoßlade ist die Trennung des Verschlußträgers 9 vom Rohr 1 mit einer bei 0 beginnenden Differenzgeschwindigkeit, wodurch das Herausdrehen des Verschlußkopfes aus der Verriegelung zeitlich gedehnt wird und somit eine völlig stoßfreie Entriegelung gewährleistet ist. Weiterhin lassen sich die vorhandenen Federsysteme so abstimmen, daß bei der Munition mit dem größten Geschoßimpuls, also wenn keine Gasdruckunterstützung vorhanden ist, das Rohr seine Bewegungsrichtung umkehrt, bevor es an einem den Rücklaufweg mechanisch begrenzenden Anschlag anläuft, während der Verschluß seine hintere Endstellung mit einer Geschwindigkeit erreicht, bei der noch ein einwandfreies Durchladen gewährleistet ist, jedoch keine nennenswerten Kraftspitzen mehr auftreten. Damit läßt sich der gesamte Ladevorgang so beherrschen, daß der Geschoßimpuls auf eine große Zeit sehr gleichmäßig verteilt wird und der Schütze in der Lage ist, Munition mit extrem hohem Geschoßimpuls sicher zu verschießen.The special feature of the recoil drawer described is the separation of the closure carrier 9 from the tube 1 with a differential speed starting at 0, whereby the screwing of the closure head out of the lock is extended in time and thus a completely shock-free unlocking is ensured. Furthermore, the existing spring systems can be tuned so that the ammunition with the largest projectile impulse, i.e. if there is no gas pressure support, the tube reverses its direction of movement before it hits a stop that mechanically limits the return path, while the breech closes its rear end position with a Speed reached at which a perfect loading is still guaranteed, but no significant force peaks occur. This means that the entire loading process can be controlled so that the projectile pulse is distributed very evenly over a long period of time and the shooter is able to fire ammunition with an extremely high projectile pulse.

Allerdings macht es eine solche Abstimmung unmöglich, eine einwandfreie Funktion des Gewehres auch dann noch zu gewährleisten, wenn Munition verschossen werden soll, die einen erheblich geringeren Geschoßimpuls aufweist als die Munition, auf die das Rückstoß-Ladesystem abgestimmt ist. Um jedoch das Gewehr auch für solche Munitionsarten mit geringerem Geschoßimpuls verwenden zu können, weist das Gewehr eine zusätzliche Gasdruck-Ladeeinrichtung auf. Diese Gasdruck- Ladeeinrichtung umfaßt in herkömmlicher Weise einen Zylinder 31, der an der Oberseite des Rohres 1 befestigt ist und über eine Radialbohrung 32 mit dem Innenraum des Rohres in Verbindung steht. In dem Zylinder 31 ist ein Kolben 33 verschiebbar gelagert, der an seinem in Bezug auf die Schußrichtung hinteren Ende eine Kolbenstange 44 trägt, die aus dem Boden des Zylinders 31 herausragt und der Stirnfläche des Verschlußträgers 9 gegenübersteht. Die Kolbenstange 34 ist von einer Schraubendruckfeder 35 umgeben, die bestrebt ist, den Kolben 33 in der in Fig. 1 dargestellten, vorderen Lage zu halten. Zwischen der in das Innere des Rohres 1 mündende Radialbohrung 32 und dem Innenraum 36 des Zylinders, der sich an die vordere Stirnfläche des Kolbens 33 anschließt, befindet sich ein Ventil 37, das bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel von einem von außen betätigbaren Drehschieber gebildet wird, der entweder die Radialbohrung 32 mit dem Innenraum 36 des Zylinders 31 verbindet oder aber die Radialbohrung 32 absperrt. Dieses Ventil 37 ermöglicht es demnach, beim Verschießen von Munition mit dem extrem hohen Geschoßimpuls die Gasdruck-Ladeeinrichtung durch Sperren der Radialbohrung 32 unwirksam zu machen. Dagegen kann beim Verschießen von Munition mit geringerem Geschoßimpuls das Ventil 37 geöffnet werden, so daß dem Verschlußträger 9 durch den auf den Kolben 33 wirkenden Gasdruck eine zusätzliche Beschleunigung erteilt wird, die gewährleistet, daß der Verschluß 9 einwandfrei entriegelt wird und seine hintere Endstellung erreicht, wie es für einen einwandfreien Durchladevorgang erforderlich ist, auch wenn die infolge des Rückstoßes dem Rohr 1 und damit den Verschluß 9 erteilte Geschwindigkeit nicht ausreichen würde, eine einwandfreie Trennung zwischen Verschluß und Rohr herbeizuführen oder auch nur den Verschluß bis in seine hintere Endstellung zu bringen. Auch bei der Unterstützung durch den Gasdruck bleibt der Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Ausbildung des Gewehres voll erhalten, daß nämlich die Entriegelung des Verschlusses durch die infolge des Abbremsens des Rohres 1 langsam zunehmende Relativgeschwindigkeit des Verschlusses 9 gegenüber dem Rohr 1 völlig stoßfrei eingeleitet und dann durch den zunehmend wirksam werdenden Gasdruck lediglich beschleunigt wird, ohne daß es dabei zum Auftreten irgendwelcher Druckspitzen kommt.However, such a coordination makes it impossible to ensure that the rifle functions properly even when ammunition is to be fired that has a significantly lower projectile impulse than the ammunition to which the recoil loading system is designed. However, in order to be able to use the rifle for such types of ammunition with a lower projectile impulse, the rifle has an additional gas pressure loading device. This gas pressure charging device comprises in a conventional manner a cylinder 31 which is attached to the top of the tube 1 and communicates with the interior of the tube via a radial bore 32. In the cylinder 31, a piston 33 is slidably mounted, which carries at its rear end with respect to the firing direction a piston rod 44 which projects from the bottom of the cylinder 31 and faces the end face of the breech carrier 9. The piston rod 34 is surrounded by a helical compression spring 35 which tends to hold the piston 33 in the front position shown in FIG. 1. Between the opening into the interior of the tube 1 radial bore 32 and the interior 36 of the cylinder, which connects to the front end face of the piston 33, there is a valve 37, which in the illustrated embodiment is formed by an externally actuated rotary valve which either connects the radial bore 32 to the interior 36 of the cylinder 31 or blocks the radial bore 32. This valve 37 therefore makes it possible, when firing ammunition with the extremely high projectile impulse, to render the gas pressure loading device ineffective by blocking the radial bore 32. In contrast, when firing ammunition with a lower projectile pulse, the valve 37 can be opened so that the breech carrier 9 is given an additional acceleration by the gas pressure acting on the piston 33, which ensures that the breech 9 is unlocked properly and reaches its rear end position, as is necessary for a perfect loading process, even if the speed given as a result of the recoil to the tube 1 and thus the closure 9 would not be sufficient to bring about a perfect separation between the closure and the tube or even to bring the closure into its rear end position. Even with the support of the gas pressure, the advantage of the design of the rifle according to the invention is fully retained, namely that the unlocking of the breech is initiated completely smoothly by the slowly increasing relative speed of the breech 9 relative to the tube 1 as a result of the braking of the tube 1 and then increasingly by the effective gas pressure is only accelerated, without the occurrence of any pressure peaks.

Es versteht sich, daß das Ventil 37 nicht nur zwei Stellungen zu haben braucht, bei denen das Gasdruck-Ladesystem entweder abgeschaltet oder wirksam ist, sondern daß mehrere Stellungen möglich sind, bei denen Bohrungen unterschiedlichen Querschnittes freigegeben werden, um dadurch den in den Zylinder 31 eintretenden Gasstrom mehr oder weniger stark zu drosseln und dadurch die Wirkung der Gasdruck-Ladeeinrichtung mehreren unterschiedlichen Munitionsarten anzupassen. Unabhängig davon, wieviele Einstellmöglichkeiten vorgesehen sind, hat ein solches Ventil jedoch den Nachteil, daß es von Hand auf die jeweilige Munitionsart eingestellt werden muß, so daß die Möglichkeit besteht, daß die richtige Einstellung aus einer Vielzahl von Gründen unterbleibt Die in Fig. 4 dargestellte Ausführungsform stellt sich automatisch auf die jeweilige Munitionsart ein und gewährleistet daher, daß solche Fehler bei der Handhabung des Gewehres unterbleiben.It goes without saying that the valve 37 need not only have two positions in which the gas pressure charging system is either switched off or in effect, but that several positions are possible in which bores of different cross-sections are released in order to thereby open the cylinder 31 throttling gas flow more or less and thereby adapt the effect of the gas pressure loading device to several different types of ammunition. Regardless of how many setting options are provided, such a valve has the disadvantage, however, that it must be set manually to the respective type of ammunition, so that there is a possibility that the correct setting is omitted for a variety of reasons Embodiment automatically adjusts to the respective type of ammunition and therefore ensures that such errors are avoided when handling the rifle.

In Fig. 4 sind das Rohr 1, der Verschlußträger 9 und der Verschlußkopf 10 sowie auch der Zylinder 31 mit der zum Inneren des Rohres 1 führenden Radialbohrung 32, der Kolben 33 und die Kolbenstange 34 lediglich schematisch angedeutet. Ihre Ausbildung entspricht dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1.4, the tube 1, the closure carrier 9th and the closure head 10 and also the cylinder 31 with the radial bore 32 leading to the interior of the tube 1, the piston 33 and the piston rod 34 are only indicated schematically. Your training corresponds to the embodiment of FIG. 1st

Abweichend von dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 ist in dem Zylinder 31 ein hülsenförmig ausgebildeter Schieber 44 in seiner Längsrichtung verschiebbar gelagert Dieser Schieber 44 ist an seinem in Bezug auf die Schußrichtung vorderen Ende von einer im Zylinder 31 angeordneten Schraubendruckfeder 45 belastet, deren den Schieber 44 abgewandtes Ende sich an einem auf das vordere Ende des Zylinders 31 aufgeschraubten Deckel 45 abstützt. Die Feder 45 ist bestrebt, den Schieber 44 in einer Ruhestellung zu halten, in der sein hinteres Ende an einen Anschlag 47 anliegt, der von einem radial in den Zylinder 31 hineinragenden Stift gebildet wird. Der Schieber 44 weist an seinem Umfang eine Ringnut 48 auf, in deren Bereich die das Rohr 1 mit dem Zylinder 31 verbindende Bohrung 32 mündet, wenn der Schieber 44 seine Ruhestellung einnimmt, die durch die Anlage am Anschlag 47 definiert ist. Die Ringnut 48 steht über Radialbohrungen 49 mit dem Inneren des hülsenförmigen Schiebers 44 in Verbindung, so daß Pulvergase aus dem Rohr 1 durch die Bohrung 32, die Ringnut 48 und die radialen Bohrungen 49 in den Zylinder 31 eintreten können.1, a sleeve-shaped slide 44 is slidably mounted in its longitudinal direction in the cylinder 31. This slide 44 is loaded at its front end with respect to the firing direction by a helical compression spring 45 arranged in the cylinder 31, the slide 44 of which compresses the slide 44 opposite end is supported on a screwed onto the front end of the cylinder 31 cover 45. The spring 45 endeavors to hold the slide 44 in a rest position in which its rear end abuts a stop 47 which is formed by a pin projecting radially into the cylinder 31. The slide 44 has an annular groove 48 on its circumference, in the area of which the bore 32 connecting the tube 1 to the cylinder 31 opens when the slide 44 assumes its rest position, which is defined by the abutment on the stop 47. The annular groove 48 is connected via radial bores 49 to the interior of the sleeve-shaped slide 44 so that powder gases from the tube 1 can enter the cylinder 31 through the bore 32, the annular groove 48 and the radial bores 49.

In Fig. 5 veranschaulichen die Kurven 51 und 52 die Rücklaufbewegung des Rohr-Verschluß-Systems bei Munition mit schwachem bzw. starkem Geschoßimpuls. Die Ordinate des Diagrammes nach Fig. 5 gibt den Weg s und die Abszisse die Zeit t an, während welche der durch die Ordinate gekennzeichnete Weg s zurückgelegt wird. Es ist ohne weiteres ersichtlich, daß die durch die Kurve 52 wiedergegebene Bewegung des Rohr-Verschluß-Systems bei starkem Geschoßimpuls sehr viel schneller und daher auch mit größerer Beschleunigung abläuft als die fiücklaufbewegung des Rohr-Verschluß-Systems bei schwachen Geschoßimpuls, welche durch die Kurve 51 veranschaulicht ist. Die strichpunktierte Kurve 53 in Fig. 5 veranschaulicht die Bewegung des von dem Schieber 44 und der Schraubendruckfeder 45 gebildeten Systems. Dieses System ist derart abgestimmt, daß bei schwachem Geschoßimpuls der Schieber 44 der Rücklaufbewegung des Rohr-Verschluß-Systems folgt, so daß also der Schieber 44 in Bezug auf dieses System seine Lage beibehält und während der gesamten Rücklaufbewegung die Bohrung 32 im Bereich der Nut 49 des Schiebers 44 ist und Treibgase ungehindert in den Zylinder 31 eintreten können. Die Gasdruck-Lade-Einrichtung wird dann in der oben beschriebenen Weise in vollem Unfang wirksam.In Fig. 5, curves 51 and 52 illustrate the return movement of the tube closure system in the case of ammunition with a weak or strong projectile impulse. The ordinate of the diagram according to FIG. 5 indicates the path s and the abscissa the time t during which the path s marked by the ordinate is covered. It can be readily seen that the movement of the pipe closure system represented by curve 52 occurs much faster with a strong projectile impulse and therefore also with greater acceleration than the return movement of the pipe closure system with weak projectile impulse which occurs through the curve 51 is illustrated. The dash-dotted curve 53 in FIG. 5 illustrates the movement of the system formed by the slide 44 and the helical compression spring 45. This system is tuned in such a way that when the projectile pulse is weak, the slide 44 follows the return movement of the pipe closure system, so that the slide 44 maintains its position with respect to this system and the bore 32 in the region of the groove 49 during the entire return movement of the slide 44 and propellant gases can freely enter the cylinder 31. The gas pressure charging device is then fully effective in the manner described above.

Bei starkem Geschoßimpuls findet dagegen eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem Rohr-Verschluß-System und dem Schieber 44 statt, die im wesentlichen durch den Vertikalabstand zwischen den Kurven 52 und 53 in Fig. 5 gegeben ist. Dies bedeutet, daß der Schieber 44 im Zylinder 31 aufgrund seiner Massenträgheit entgegen der Kraft der Feder 45 gegenüber dem schnell zurücklaufenden Rohr 1 zusrückbleibt, so daß er mit seinem hinteren Abschnitt die Bohrung 32 zwischen Rohr 1 und Zylinder 31 verschließt und damit einen Übertritt von Gasen in den Zylinder 31 verhindert. Damit bleibt die Gasdruck-Lade-Einrichtung wirkungslos, so daß der gesamte Ladevorgang ausschließlich durch den Rückstoßimpuls bewirkt wird.In the case of a strong projectile impulse, on the other hand, there is a relative movement between the tube closure system and the slide 44, which is essentially given by the vertical distance between the curves 52 and 53 in FIG. 5. This means that the slide 44 in the cylinder 31 remains due to its inertia against the force of the spring 45 against the rapidly returning tube 1, so that it closes the bore 32 between tube 1 and cylinder 31 with its rear portion and thus an overflow of gases prevented in the cylinder 31. The gas pressure charging device thus remains ineffective, so that the entire charging process is effected exclusively by the recoil pulse.

Es ist ohne weiteres ersichtlich, daß die Masse des Schiebers 44 und die Kraft der Feder 45 so ausgewählt werden können, daß in Verbindung mit der Gestaltung der Steuerflächen am Schieber 44 jeweils eine solche Gasmenge in den Zylinder 31 eingelassen wird, daß in einem weiten Bereich unterschiedlicher Munitionsarten der durch den Rückstoß und den Gasdruck auf das Rohr-Verschluß-System bzw. den Verschluß ausgeübte Impuls stets ausreicht, um den Ladevorgang einwandfrei auszuführen, ohne daß jedoch die Impulsenergie wesentlich größer ist als die für den Ladevorgang benötigte Energie, so daß kein nennenswerter Energieüberschuß besteht, der vernichtet werden müßte und zu unerträglichen Kraftspitzen führte.It is readily apparent that the mass of the slide 44 and the force of the spring 45 can be selected so that in connection with the design of the control surfaces on the slide 44 such an amount of gas is admitted into the cylinder 31 that over a wide range Different types of ammunition the impulse exerted by the recoil and the gas pressure on the pipe closure system or the closure is always sufficient to carry out the loading process properly, but without the pulse energy being substantially greater than the energy required for the loading process, so that none there is a significant surplus of energy that would have to be destroyed and led to unbearable peaks in energy.

Es versteht sich, daß die Erfindung nicht auf die dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt ist, sondern Abweichungen davon möglich sind, ohne den Rahmen der Erfindung zu verlassen. Dies gilt sowohl für die spezielle Ausbildung des Feder- und Bremssystems für das laffettierte Rohr, die Ausbildung des zweiteiligen Verschlusses und nicht zuletzt für die Ausbildung der Ventile der Gasdruck-Ladeeinrichtung. So wäre es beispielsweise möglich, eine gefederte, träge Masse außerhalb des Zylinders anzuordnen und mit einem die Gaszufuhr zum Zylinder steuernden Ventil mechanisch zu verbinden. Weiterhin wäre es auch möglich, zur Beeinflussung der Wirkung des Gasdruck-Ladesystems andere Einrichtungen als Ventile vorzusehen, beispielsweise Einrichtungen zum Abbremsen oder gar Arretieren des vom Gasdruck betätigten Kolbens.It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments shown, but deviations are possible without leaving the scope of the invention. This applies both to the special design of the spring and brake system for the coated tube, the design of the two-part closure and last but not least to the design of the valves of the gas pressure charging device. For example, it would be possible to arrange a sprung, inert mass outside the cylinder and to mechanically connect it to a valve that controls the gas supply to the cylinder. Furthermore, it would also be possible to provide devices other than valves to influence the action of the gas pressure charging system, for example devices for braking or even locking the piston actuated by the gas pressure.

Claims (8)

1. Automatic small firearm with a rigidly locked breech for ammunition with an extremely high projectile momentum, the firearm being designed as a recoil-operated gun comprising a mounted tube (1), supported on the firearm housing (2) via a spring-and-brake system (6, 7), and a breech (9, 10) which is rigidly lockable with the tube (1), is guided displaceably in the firearm housing (2) and is supported on a closing spring (11) and which carries locking members (14) engageable with and disengageable from locking members (15) arranged on the tube (1) and has a device (17,18) comprising control cams (18) and follower members (17) for engaging and disengaging the locking members (14, 15) during the forward and return movements of the breech (9, 10), characterized in that the breech (9, 10) comprises a breech carrier (9) supported on the closing spring (11) and a breech head (10) displaceable longitudinally relative to the breech carrier, in that the device (17, 18) for disengaging the locking members (14, 15) arranged on the tube (1) and on the breech head (10) during the return movement of the breech is located between the breech carrier (9) and breech head (10), in that the relative movement, necessary for releasing the breech, between the breech carrier (9) and the breech head (10) is caused solely as a result of the braking of the tube (1), and in that the spring-and-brake system (6, 7) and the closing spring (11) are coordinated in such a way that the tube (1) is brought to a stop, during its return movement, solely by means of the spring-and-brake system (6, 7), and in that the breech reaches its rear end position at a speed at which no appreciable force peaks occur.
2. Firearm according to Claim 1, characterized in that the breech head (10) is mounted in a bore (13) of the breech carrier (9) by means of a cylindrical extension so as to be rotatable about its longitudinal axis and is held in the breech carrier (9) by means of a bolt (16) which is inserted into a diagonal bore in the extension and engages into an oblique slot (18) of the breech carrier (9) and which, during a longitudinal displacement of the breech head relative to the breech carrier, also causes the breech head to rotate, the said bolt (16) itself being secured in position by the striking pin (19) passing axially through the breech head (10).
3. Firearm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the breech carrier (9) is additionally connected operatively to a gas-pressure loading device which is of variable effect and which, in particular, can be disconnected.
4. Firearm according to claim 3, characterized in that the gas-pressure loading device has a cylinder (31) connected to the tube (1) via a bore (32) and a piston (33) mounted displaceably in the cylinder and acting on the breech carrier (9), and a shut-off valve (37) is arranged in the connection between the tube (1) and the cylinder (31).
5. Firearm according to claim 4, characterized in that the shut-off valve is formed by a slide (44) which is arranged in the cylinder (31) and which closes and opens to a greater or lesser extent the bore (32) coming out in the cylinder wall.
6. Firearm according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the position of the shut-off valve (44) is controlled by an inert mass mounted moveably relative to the tube (1) and loaded by a spring (45), in such a way that, as a result of the coordination of the size of the mass and the force of the spring with the return behaviour of the tube, the mass can follow only a slow return movement of the tube, as occurs during the firing of ammunition with a low projectile momentum, and thereby keep the valve open, whereas the mass remains behind relative to the tube and causes the bore to be closed off the more, the more quickly the return movement of the tube takes place in the event of a high projectile momentum.
7. Firearm according to Claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the slide (44) forms directly the inert mass determining the valve position and is loaded by a spring (45) which is arranged in the cylinder (31) and which endeavours to keep the slide (44) in a position of rest which is at the rear in relation to the firing direction and in which the slide opens the bore (32).
8. Firearm according to claim 7, characterized in that the slide (44) is designed as a sleeve having, on its periphery, an annular groove (48), in the region of which the bore (32) comes out when the slide assumes its position of rest, and which is in communication with the interior of the sleeve via radial bores (49).
EP83110724A 1982-11-30 1983-10-27 Automatic shoulder arm with rigidly locked breechblock for ammunition with extremely high projectile momentum Expired EP0114946B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83110724T ATE37949T1 (en) 1982-11-30 1983-10-27 AUTOMATIC HANDGUN WITH RIGID LOCKING BLOCK FOR EXTREME IMPULSE AMMUNITION.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3244315A DE3244315C2 (en) 1982-11-30 1982-11-30 Automatic handgun with rigidly locked breech for ammunition with extremely high projectile momentum
DE3244315 1982-11-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0114946A2 EP0114946A2 (en) 1984-08-08
EP0114946A3 EP0114946A3 (en) 1986-07-02
EP0114946B1 true EP0114946B1 (en) 1988-10-12

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Family Applications (1)

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EP83110724A Expired EP0114946B1 (en) 1982-11-30 1983-10-27 Automatic shoulder arm with rigidly locked breechblock for ammunition with extremely high projectile momentum

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US (1) US4635530A (en)
EP (1) EP0114946B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE37949T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1226459A (en)
DE (1) DE3244315C2 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE37949T1 (en) 1988-10-15
DE3244315A1 (en) 1984-05-30
EP0114946A3 (en) 1986-07-02
CA1226459A (en) 1987-09-08
US4635530A (en) 1987-01-13
EP0114946A2 (en) 1984-08-08
DE3244315C2 (en) 1984-11-29

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