EP0111874B1 - A device for burning coal dust - Google Patents

A device for burning coal dust Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0111874B1
EP0111874B1 EP83112521A EP83112521A EP0111874B1 EP 0111874 B1 EP0111874 B1 EP 0111874B1 EP 83112521 A EP83112521 A EP 83112521A EP 83112521 A EP83112521 A EP 83112521A EP 0111874 B1 EP0111874 B1 EP 0111874B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jets
chamber
burner muffle
cross
coal dust
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EP83112521A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0111874A1 (en
Inventor
Dietrich Buss
Klaus Dipl.-Ing. Brücher
Wilhelm Ing. Grad. Wenz
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Gewerkschaft Sophia-Jacoba Steinkohlenbergwerk
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Gewerkschaft Sophia-Jacoba Steinkohlenbergwerk
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Priority to ZA841327A priority Critical patent/ZA841327B/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion
    • F23C3/008—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion for pulverulent fuel

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a device for burning coal dust according to the first part of claim 1.
  • Such a device is known from DE-A 2527618.
  • US-A 1919735 describes a coal dust burner, the combustion chamber of the coal dust is supplied helically with the help of air in an axial guide, while tangential air supply lines open into the combustion chamber wall, the air of which surrounds the internal swirl flow of the axial helical dust supply.
  • rotary-flow dedusters are also known, in which an internal air flow set in a swirl movement is overlaid by an air flow in the same direction but in opposite directions, so that when the deduster is standing, the cleaned air can escape upwards near the axis of the deduster, while the centrifugal forces cause it Dust moved outside is guided downwards by the additional helical air flow and gravity and can be drawn off at the lower end of the device (VDI reports No. 363, 1980, pp. 61-68 and “Staub” 23, 1953, No. 11 , Pp. 491-509).
  • VDI reports No. 363, 1980, pp. 61-68 and “Staub” 23, 1953, No. 11 , Pp. 491-509 There has also been no lack of attempts to make the principle of this three-phase dust extractor usable for a coal dust burner.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving the device according to the first part of patent claim 1 in such a way that the extent of the burnout, i.e. the proportion of burned matter in the ash, taking into account the fluctuations in the interior wall temperatures, the moisture content and the ash content, and thus the efficiency is increased, so that the ash obtained can also be used for other purposes, e.g. in the cement industry, when the discharged ash does not exceed a flammable content.
  • the overall length is to be reduced compared to known devices; the ash should be easy to collect and discharge from the device and it should be possible to desulfurize effectively and / or otherwise free the flue gases from unwanted gases and constituents.
  • the invention provides the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the features of the dependent claims serve to improve and further develop the subject matter of claim 1.
  • the advantage of the object of the invention over the prior art is that the flame emerging from the burner muffle maintains its cylindrical or conical shape with the diameter in the cylindrical or conical acceleration chamber which it has when it emerges from the burner muffle. This results in a shell space between the circumference of the flame and the wall of the acceleration chamber, which has a larger diameter, in which the helical circulation can take place against the front end of the device of the partially still unburned dust particles that have escaped from the combustion air flow by the centrifugal forces, and the ashes, which the flame directly surround.
  • the removal of flue gases from undesired gases or components by additives is known.
  • desulfurization e.g. Lime added to the combustion chamber.
  • the invention offers the possibility to selectively and differently additive in the amount over the length of the acceleration chamber, i.e. at the most convenient point in connection with the gas supplied to the nozzles.
  • the device according to the invention has a burner muffle 1, which is conical and widens from its front end 2 to its rear end at 3.
  • the front end 2 has a swirl device 4, in which the combustion air to be introduced via the line 5 is introduced tangentially into the muffle 1 and displaced in a helical swirl flow 6 in the muffle.
  • the other devices such as the ignition device, etc. are not shown in detail and are of a known type.
  • a tubular blow lance 7 projects through the burner muffle 1 in its longitudinal axis and carries a cap-like part 8 at its rear end, ie in the vicinity of the rear end of the muffle 3, which causes the direction of the conveying air for the Coal dust and the coal dust itself in the blowing lance 7 (see arrow 7a) are reversed and emerge from the cap-like part in the direction of the arrows 9.
  • a circulating flow of the coal dust and the conveying air occurs in the direction of the arrows 10 around the lance 7, the external flow part 10a of which is captured by the flow 6 of the combustion air and entrained in a helical shape, while the remaining part 10b along the lance 7 against the front muffle end flows.
  • the combustion air passes from the muffle 1 into an accelerator chamber 11, the helical swirl movement of the combustion air being maintained as an internal swirl flow 12 along the solid line.
  • the flame 13 forms, which e.g. protrudes into the boiler room 14 of the downstream boiler 15.
  • the accelerator chamber 11 has a conical shape, the wall 16 of the accelerator chamber 11 tapering from its front end to its rear end 17.
  • the cross section of the accelerator chamber 11 at the transition between the muffle 1 and the accelerator chamber is kept larger than the cross section at the rear end 3 of the burner muffle 1. This forms an annular channel 18 on the one hand, and a jacket-like extension 19 of the accelerator chamber on the other hand.
  • the annular channel can preferably experience such a curvature or beveling of its wall 29 adjacent to the muffle 1 that the coal dust parts from the extension 19 are again guided into the interior of the muffle 1 or the accelerator chamber 11.
  • the swirl flow 12 and the front end of the flame 13 retain their shape in the accelerator 11 and do not enlarge in the enlargement 19, which can thereby be used to allow the return of the dust and ash particles to take place along the wall 12 of the chamber 1 .
  • the long back and forth path which the dust particles in the muffle 1 and the accelerator chamber 11 take repeatedly, ensures that a long combustion path is achieved with a short design of the device.
  • the radiant heat of the already ignited coal particles acts both on the way there (from left to right) and on the way back (from right to left in the drawing) on the as yet ignited dust particles.
  • the length of the accelerator chamber 11 as well as its outer shape can be varied.
  • the accelerator chamber can have a cylindrical shape, and its length can also be chosen such that the flame 13 which projects into the boiler space 14 can be made longer or shorter.
  • the nozzles 20-27 of the individual cross-sectional planes A to E of the acceleration chamber 11 are arranged at different inclinations to the cross-sectional plane.
  • the nozzles 24-27 of levels D and E have a slight inclination towards the front end and the annular channel 18 of the chamber 11.
  • the nozzles of level C have either the same direction of inclination as the nozzles 24-27, e.g. the nozzle 23, or they have no inclination to the cross-sectional plane C, e.g. the nozzle 22.
  • the nozzles 20 and 21 are inclined with respect to their cross-sectional planes in the direction of the rear end 17 of the acceleration chamber 11.
  • the angular position can not only differ from cross-sectional plane to cross-sectional plane, but also within a cross-sectional plane, as can be seen from the nozzles 22, 23 of plane C in FIG. 1.
  • the number of nozzles can also differ from cross-sectional level to cross-sectional level. 2 shows a total of six nozzles 24-24b and 25-25b, while level B has only three nozzles 21, 31, 31a.
  • Fig. 1 shows the different angles of inclination a ... Q of the planes with each other and inside the plane
  • Fig. 2 shows 3 that the angles between the nozzles and the corresponding tangents T 2 and T 3 of the wall 16 of the accelerator chamber 11 can also be different.
  • the feed lines 124 to 125b of the nozzles 24-25b are combined into two groups, the feed lines 124-124b opening or passing into a tube 224 with a valve 324, while the feed lines 125-125b into a common one Open or pass pipe 225 with valve 325. Both pipes receive the gas or air from a line 100.
  • FIG. 3 shows that an unequal number of nozzles on one level can be supplied with different additives.
  • valves 324, 325 and 425a, 525a allow precise adjustment of the gas or air quantity to be supplied or the quantity of additives. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to regulate the outer swirl flow 28 very precisely, i.e. to accelerate or decelerate in order to expose the dust particles of this flow to the radiant heat of the inner swirl flow 12 for more or less long and thus to burn as many coal dust particles as possible. On the other hand, it is also possible to introduce additives in the desired amount into the chamber 11. The additive, and this is essential when adding the additives, is not added with the coal dust or the combustion air, but at a later point in time when the coal dust has already ignited.
  • the nozzles 20-27 are preferably permanently installed in the wall, but this does not preclude holding the nozzles in spherical parts and making them pivotable in spherical caps.

Description

Die Erfindung geht von einer Einrichtung zum Verbrennen von Kohlenstaub nach dem ersten Teil des Patentanspruches 1 aus.The invention is based on a device for burning coal dust according to the first part of claim 1.

Durch die DE-A 2527618 ist eine solche Einrichtung bekannt. - Die US-A 1919735 beschreibt einen Kohlenstaubbrenner, dessen Brennkammer der Kohlenstaub mit Hilfe von Luft in einer axialen Führung schraubenlinienförmig zugeführt wird, während in die Brennkammerwand tangentiale Luftzuführungsleitungen münden, deren Luft die innere Drallströmung der axialen schraubenlinienförmigen Staubzuführung umschliesst.Such a device is known from DE-A 2527618. - US-A 1919735 describes a coal dust burner, the combustion chamber of the coal dust is supplied helically with the help of air in an axial guide, while tangential air supply lines open into the combustion chamber wall, the air of which surrounds the internal swirl flow of the axial helical dust supply.

Zum Entstauben von Luftströmungen sind ferner Drehströmungsentstauber bekannt, bei denen einer inneren in Drallbewegung versetzten Luftströmung eine gleichsinnige, jedoch entgegengesetzte Luftströmung überlagert wird, so dass bei einem stehenden Entstauber die gereinigte Luft in Achsnähe des Entstaubers nach oben entweichen kann, während der durch die Fliehkräfte nach aussen bewegte Staub durch die zusätzliche schraubenlinienförmige Luftströmung und die Schwerkraft nach unten geleitet wird und am unteren Ende der Vorrichtung abgezogen werden kann (VDI-Berichte Nr. 363, 1980, S. 61-68 und «Staub» 23, 1953, Nr. 11, S. 491-509). - Auch hat es nicht an Versuchen gefehlt, das Prinzip dieses Drehströmungsentstaubers für einen Kohlenstaubbrenner nutzbar zu machen. (VDI-Berichte 146/1970). Alleine die Bemühungen erfüllten nicht die gehegten Erwartungen; während des Betriebes stellten sich unterschiedliche Ergebnisse ein, die den Gehalt an Unverbranntem in der Asche stark schwanken liessen. - Es wurde festgestellt, dass bei Beginn der Benutzung, d.h. nach Stillstand der Einrichtung eine gewisse Zeit verging bis bessere Ergebnisse erzielt werden konnten. Es darf angenommen werden, dass die Innenwandtemperaturen der Einrichtung nach dem Stillstand und während längerer Benutzung so starken Schwankungen unterworfen waren, dass dieses schwankende Ergebnis aufkam. Hinzu trat noch der oft unterschiedliche Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Kohle, der unterschiedliche Gehalt an flüchtigen Bestandteilen und an Asche bei Kohlemischungen.For the dedusting of air currents, rotary-flow dedusters are also known, in which an internal air flow set in a swirl movement is overlaid by an air flow in the same direction but in opposite directions, so that when the deduster is standing, the cleaned air can escape upwards near the axis of the deduster, while the centrifugal forces cause it Dust moved outside is guided downwards by the additional helical air flow and gravity and can be drawn off at the lower end of the device (VDI reports No. 363, 1980, pp. 61-68 and “Staub” 23, 1953, No. 11 , Pp. 491-509). - There has also been no lack of attempts to make the principle of this three-phase dust extractor usable for a coal dust burner. (VDI reports 146/1970). The efforts alone did not meet the expectations; Different results were obtained during operation, which caused the content of unburned matter in the ashes to fluctuate greatly. - It was found that at the start of use, i.e. after the facility stopped, a certain amount of time passed before better results could be achieved. It can be assumed that the interior wall temperatures of the device were subject to such fluctuations after the standstill and during prolonged use that this fluctuating result occurred. Added to this was the often different moisture content of the coal, the different content of volatile components and ash in coal mixtures.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Einrichtung nach dem ersten Teil des Patentanspruches 1 dahingehend zu verbessern, dass das Mass des Ausbrandes, d.h. der Anteil an Verbranntem in der Asche, unter Berücksichtigung der Schwankungen der Innenwandtemperaturen, des Feuchtigkeitsgehaltes und des Aschegehaltes erhöht und damit der Wirkungsgrad gesteigert wird, so dass auch die gewonnene Asche noch anderweitig verwertet werden kann, so z.B. in der Zementindustrie, wenn die ausgetragene Asche einen Gehalt an brennbaren Bestandteilen nicht übersteigt. Ferner soll hierbei die Baulänge gegenüber bekannten Vorrichtungen verringert werden; die Asche soll leicht aus der Vorrichtung gesammelt und abgeführt werden können und es soll eine wirksame Entschwefelung und/oder eine andersartige Befreiung der Rauchgase von unerwünschten Gasen und Bestandteilen möglich sein.The invention is therefore based on the object of improving the device according to the first part of patent claim 1 in such a way that the extent of the burnout, i.e. the proportion of burned matter in the ash, taking into account the fluctuations in the interior wall temperatures, the moisture content and the ash content, and thus the efficiency is increased, so that the ash obtained can also be used for other purposes, e.g. in the cement industry, when the discharged ash does not exceed a flammable content. Furthermore, the overall length is to be reduced compared to known devices; the ash should be easy to collect and discharge from the device and it should be possible to desulfurize effectively and / or otherwise free the flue gases from unwanted gases and constituents.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe sieht die Erfindung die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Patentanspruches 1 vor. Die Merkmale der abhängigen Ansprüche dienen der Verbesserung und Weiterentwicklung des Gegenstandes von Anspruch 1.To achieve this object, the invention provides the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. The features of the dependent claims serve to improve and further develop the subject matter of claim 1.

Der Vorteil des Erfindungsgegenstandes gegenüber dem Stande der Technik ist darin zu sehen, dass die aus der Brennermuffel austretende Flamme ihre zylindrische oder konische Form mit dem Durchmesser in der zylindrischen oder konischen Beschleunigungskammer beibehält, den sie beim Austritt aus der Brennermuffel besitzt. Hierdurch ergibt sich zwischen dem Flammenumfang und der Wand der im Durchmesser erweiterten Beschleunigungskammer ein Mantelraum, in welchem das schraubenlinienförmige Zurückzirkulieren gegen das vordere Ende der Einrichtung der durch die Zentrifugalkräfte aus der Verbrennungsluftströmung ausgetretenen teilweise noch unverbrannten Staubteilchen und der Asche erfolgen kann, die die Flamme unmittelbar umgeben.The advantage of the object of the invention over the prior art is that the flame emerging from the burner muffle maintains its cylindrical or conical shape with the diameter in the cylindrical or conical acceleration chamber which it has when it emerges from the burner muffle. This results in a shell space between the circumference of the flame and the wall of the acceleration chamber, which has a larger diameter, in which the helical circulation can take place against the front end of the device of the partially still unburned dust particles that have escaped from the combustion air flow by the centrifugal forces, and the ashes, which the flame directly surround.

Das Befreien von Rauchgasen von unerwünschten Gasen oder Bestandteilen durch Additive ist bekannt. Zum Entschwefeln wird z.B. Kalk in den Verbrennungsraum gegeben. - Die Erfindung bietet die Möglichkeit, die Additive in der Menge wahlweise und unterschiedlich über die Länge der Beschleunigungskammer, d.h. an der günstigsten Stelle und zwar in Verbindung mit dem den Düsen zugeführten Gas, zugeben zu können.The removal of flue gases from undesired gases or components by additives is known. For desulfurization, e.g. Lime added to the combustion chamber. - The invention offers the possibility to selectively and differently additive in the amount over the length of the acceleration chamber, i.e. at the most convenient point in connection with the gas supplied to the nozzles.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach der Erfindung dargestellt und zwar zeigt

  • Fig. 1 Längsschnitte durch die Brennermuffel und die Beschleunigerkammer
  • Fig. und 3 Schnitte nach den Linien 11-11 und 111-111 der Fig. 1 mit den Anschlussleitungen der Düsen der Beschleunigerkammer.
In the drawing, embodiments of the device for performing the method according to the invention are shown and that shows
  • Fig. 1 longitudinal sections through the burner muffle and the accelerator chamber
  • Fig. And 3 sections along lines 11-11 and 111-111 of Fig. 1 with the connecting lines of the nozzles of the accelerator chamber.

Die Einrichtung nach der Erfindung weist eine Brennermuffel 1 auf, die konisch gestaltet ist und von ihrem vorderen Ende 2 zu ihrem hinteren Ende bei 3 sich erweitert. Das vordere Ende 2 weist eine Dralleinrichtung 4 auf, in der die über die Leitung 5 einzuführende Verbrennungsluft tangential in die Muffel 1 eingeführt und in einer schraubenlinienförmigen Drallströmung 6 in der Muffel versetzt wird.The device according to the invention has a burner muffle 1, which is conical and widens from its front end 2 to its rear end at 3. The front end 2 has a swirl device 4, in which the combustion air to be introduced via the line 5 is introduced tangentially into the muffle 1 and displaced in a helical swirl flow 6 in the muffle.

Die weiteren Einrichtungen, wie die Zündeinrichtung usw. sind nicht im einzelnen dargestellt und bekannterArt.The other devices, such as the ignition device, etc. are not shown in detail and are of a known type.

Durch die Brennermuffel 1 ragt in deren Längsachse eine rohrförmige Blaslanze 7, die an ihrem hinteren Ende, d.h. in Nähe des hinteren Endes der Muffel 3, einen kappenartigen Teil 8 trägt, der bewirkt, dass die Richtung der Förderluft für den Kohlenstaub und der Kohlenstaub selbst in der Blaslanze 7 (vgl. Pfeil 7a) umgekehrt werden und in Richtung der Pfeile 9 aus dem kappenartigen Teil austreten. Hierdurch tritt um die Lanze 7 herum eine Umlaufströmung des Kohlenstaubes und der Förderluft in Richtung der Pfeile 10 auf, deren aussenliegender Strömungsteil 10a von der Strömung 6 der Verbrennungsluft erfasst und schraubenlinienförmig mitgenommen wird, während der restliche Teil 10b längs der Lanze 7 gegen das vordere Muffelende strömt.A tubular blow lance 7 projects through the burner muffle 1 in its longitudinal axis and carries a cap-like part 8 at its rear end, ie in the vicinity of the rear end of the muffle 3, which causes the direction of the conveying air for the Coal dust and the coal dust itself in the blowing lance 7 (see arrow 7a) are reversed and emerge from the cap-like part in the direction of the arrows 9. As a result, a circulating flow of the coal dust and the conveying air occurs in the direction of the arrows 10 around the lance 7, the external flow part 10a of which is captured by the flow 6 of the combustion air and entrained in a helical shape, while the remaining part 10b along the lance 7 against the front muffle end flows.

Die Verbrennungsluft tritt aus der Muffel 1 in eine Beschleunigerkammer 11 über, wobei die schraubenlinienförmige Drallbewegung der Verbrennungsluft als innere Drallströmung 12 längs der ausgezogenen Linie beibehalten wird. Innerhalb dieser Strömung in der Beschleunigerkammer bildet sich die Flamme 13 aus, die z.B. in den Kesselraum 14 des nachgeschalteten Kessels 15 ragt. - Die Beschleunigerkammer 11 weist in dargestelltem Beispiel konische Gestalt auf, wobei sich die Wand 16 der Beschleunigerkammer 11 von ihrem vorderen Ende zu ihrem hinteren Ende 17 verjüngt. Der Querschnitt der Beschleunigerkammer 11 ist am Übergang zwischen der Muffel 1 und der Beschleunigerkammer grösser gehalten als der Querschnitt am hinteren Ende 3 der Brennermuffel 1. Hierdurch wird einerseits ein Ringkanal 18, andererseits, eine mantelartige Erweiterung 19 der Beschleunigerkammer gebildet.The combustion air passes from the muffle 1 into an accelerator chamber 11, the helical swirl movement of the combustion air being maintained as an internal swirl flow 12 along the solid line. Within this flow in the accelerator chamber, the flame 13 forms, which e.g. protrudes into the boiler room 14 of the downstream boiler 15. In the example shown, the accelerator chamber 11 has a conical shape, the wall 16 of the accelerator chamber 11 tapering from its front end to its rear end 17. The cross section of the accelerator chamber 11 at the transition between the muffle 1 and the accelerator chamber is kept larger than the cross section at the rear end 3 of the burner muffle 1. This forms an annular channel 18 on the one hand, and a jacket-like extension 19 of the accelerator chamber on the other hand.

In Längsrichtung der Beschleunigerkammer 11 sind in den aufeinander folgenden Querschnittsebenen A bis E, die gleichen oder annähernd gleichen Abstand voneinander haben können, tangential in die Wand 16 der Beschleunigerkammer 11 fest eingesetzte Luft- oder Gasdüsen eingeordnet, die in Fig. 1 die Bezugsziffern 20-27 tragen und deren Anordnung untenstehend noch näher erläutert wird. Aus den Düsen 26, 27 und 24, 25 der Querschnittsebene an D und E treten Luft- oder Gasstrahlen in Dreh- oder Rotationsrichtung der inneren Drallströmung 12 der mit Kohlenstaub beladenen Verbrennungsluft aus und erzeugen eine in Längsrichtung der Beschleunigerkammer 11 entgegengesetzt verlaufende Drallströmung 28 von dem hinteren Ende 17 der Beschleunigerkammer 11 zu dem hinteren Ende 3 der Muffel 1. Diese äussere Drallströmung 28, die durch die Luft- oder Gasstrahlen aus den Düsen 24-26 entsteht, ist durch die strichpunktierte Linie versinnbildlicht.In the longitudinal direction of the accelerator chamber 11, in the successive cross-sectional planes A to E, which may have the same or approximately the same distance from one another, tangentially arranged air or gas nozzles are arranged in the wall 16 of the accelerator chamber 11, which in FIG. 27 wear and their arrangement is explained in more detail below. Air or gas jets emerge from the nozzles 26, 27 and 24, 25 of the cross-sectional plane at D and E in the direction of rotation or rotation of the inner swirl flow 12 of the combustion air loaded with coal dust and produce a swirl flow 28 of the opposite direction in the longitudinal direction of the accelerator chamber 11 rear end 17 of the accelerator chamber 11 to the rear end 3 of the muffle 1. This outer swirl flow 28, which is created by the air or gas jets from the nozzles 24-26, is symbolized by the dash-dotted line.

Diese zusätzliche Drallströmung findet in der Erweiterung 19 der Beschleunigerkammer statt, ohne die innere Strömung längs der Linie 12 in der Beschleunigerkammer und die Flamme zu beeinträchtigen. Hierdurch können auch die aus der inneren Drehströmung 12 infolge der Zentrifugalkräfte austretenden Staub- und Ascheteile von der äusseren Drallströmung 28 längs in der Erweiterung 19 problemlos bis zu dem Ringkanal 18 mitgenommen werden, wo die Ascheteilchen in Richtung des nach unten weisenden Pfeiles ausgetragen werden können. Durch die Strahlungswärme der Flamme 13 in der Beschleunigerkammer aber werden die noch unverbrannten Staubteilchen in der Drallströmung 28 gezündet und verbrennen.This additional swirl flow takes place in the extension 19 of the accelerator chamber without impairing the internal flow along the line 12 in the accelerator chamber and the flame. As a result, the dust and ash parts emerging from the inner rotary flow 12 as a result of the centrifugal forces can be easily taken along from the outer swirl flow 28 in the extension 19 to the annular channel 18, where the ash particles can be discharged in the direction of the downward-pointing arrow. The radiant heat of the flame 13 in the accelerator chamber, however, ignites and burns the still unburned dust particles in the swirl flow 28.

Ein Teil des Kohlenstaubes aus dem Ringkanal 18 wird von der inneren Strömung 12 erneut erfasst, da er gegen die Wand 29 des Ringkanals prallt und hierdurch in den Innenraum der Muffel 1 oder aber der Beschleunigerkammer 11 gelenkt wird. Vorzugsweise kann hierzu der Ringkanal eine derartige Krümmung oder Abschrägung seiner der Muffel 1 benachbarten Wand 29 erfahren, dass die Kohlenstaubteile aus der Erweiterung 19 nochmals in das Innere der Muffel 1 bzw. der Beschleunigerkammer 11 geleitet werden.A portion of the coal dust from the ring channel 18 is captured again by the internal flow 12, since it hits the wall 29 of the ring channel and is thereby directed into the interior of the muffle 1 or the accelerator chamber 11. For this purpose, the annular channel can preferably experience such a curvature or beveling of its wall 29 adjacent to the muffle 1 that the coal dust parts from the extension 19 are again guided into the interior of the muffle 1 or the accelerator chamber 11.

Die Drallströmung 12 und das vordere Ende der Flamme 13 behalten in dem Beschleuniger 11 ihre Form bei und vergrössern sich nicht in die Erweiterung 19, die hierdurch ausgenutzt werden kann, den Rücklauf der Staub- und Ascheteilchen längs der Wand 12 der Kammer 1 erfolgen zu lassen.The swirl flow 12 and the front end of the flame 13 retain their shape in the accelerator 11 and do not enlarge in the enlargement 19, which can thereby be used to allow the return of the dust and ash particles to take place along the wall 12 of the chamber 1 .

Durch den langen Hin- und Rückweg, den die Staubteilchen in der Muffel 1 und der Beschleunigerkammer 11 zum Teil wiederholt nehmen, ist gewährleistet, dass bei einer kurzen Bauform der Einrichtung ein langer Verbrennungsweg erreicht wird. In der Beschleunigerkammer 11 wirkt die Strahlungswärme der bereits gezündeten Kohleteilchen sowohl auf dem Hinweg (von links nach rechts) wie auch auf dem Rückweg (von rechts nach links in der Zeichnung) auf die noch nicht entzündeten Staubteilchen ein.The long back and forth path, which the dust particles in the muffle 1 and the accelerator chamber 11 take repeatedly, ensures that a long combustion path is achieved with a short design of the device. In the accelerator chamber 11, the radiant heat of the already ignited coal particles acts both on the way there (from left to right) and on the way back (from right to left in the drawing) on the as yet ignited dust particles.

Die Länge der Beschleunigerkammer 11 kann ebenso wie ihre äussere Form variiert werden. Die Beschleunigerkammer kann zylindrische Gestalt aufweisen, wie auch ihre Länge so gewählt werden kann, dass die Flamme 13, die in den Kesselraum 14 ragt, länger oder kürzer gestaltet werden kann.The length of the accelerator chamber 11 as well as its outer shape can be varied. The accelerator chamber can have a cylindrical shape, and its length can also be chosen such that the flame 13 which projects into the boiler space 14 can be made longer or shorter.

Wie Fig. 1 zeigt, sind die Düsen 20-27 der einzelnen Querschnittsebenen A bis E der Beschleunigungskammer 11 in unterschiedlicher Neigung zu der Querschnittsebene angeordnet. So haben die Düsen 24-27 der Ebenen D und E eine schwache Neigung in Richtung auf das vordere Ende und den Ringkanal 18 der Kammer 11. Die Düsen der Ebene C haben entweder die gleiche Neigungsrichtung wie die Düsen 24-27, so z.B. die Düse 23, oder aber sie besitzen keine Neigung gegen die Querschnittsebene C, so z.B. die Düse 22. Die Düsen 20 und 21 sind gegenüber ihren Querschnittsebenen in Richtung auf das hintere Ende 17 der Beschleunigungskammer 11 geneigt. - Die Winkellage kann nicht nur von Querschnittsebene zu Querschnittsebene verschieden sein, sondern auch innerhalb einer Querschnittsebene, wie dies an Hand der Düsen 22, 23 der Ebene C in Fig. 1 erkennbar ist.1 shows, the nozzles 20-27 of the individual cross-sectional planes A to E of the acceleration chamber 11 are arranged at different inclinations to the cross-sectional plane. Thus, the nozzles 24-27 of levels D and E have a slight inclination towards the front end and the annular channel 18 of the chamber 11. The nozzles of level C have either the same direction of inclination as the nozzles 24-27, e.g. the nozzle 23, or they have no inclination to the cross-sectional plane C, e.g. the nozzle 22. The nozzles 20 and 21 are inclined with respect to their cross-sectional planes in the direction of the rear end 17 of the acceleration chamber 11. The angular position can not only differ from cross-sectional plane to cross-sectional plane, but also within a cross-sectional plane, as can be seen from the nozzles 22, 23 of plane C in FIG. 1.

Auch die Anzahl der Düsen kann von Querschnittsebene zu Querschnittsebene verschieden sein. So weist die Ebene D, wie Fig. 2 erkennen lässt, insgesamt sechs Düsen 24-24b und 25-25b auf, während die Ebene B nur drei Düsen 21, 31, 31 a aufweist.The number of nozzles can also differ from cross-sectional level to cross-sectional level. 2 shows a total of six nozzles 24-24b and 25-25b, while level B has only three nozzles 21, 31, 31a.

Während Fig. 1 die unterschiedlichen Neigungswinkel a...Q der Ebenen untereinander und inderseibenEbene erkennen lässt,zeigten Fig.2und 3, dass auch die Winkel zwischen den Düsen und den entsprechenden Tangenten T2 und T3 der Wand 16 der Beschleunigerkammer 11 verschieden sein können.While Fig. 1 shows the different angles of inclination a ... Q of the planes with each other and inside the plane, Fig. 2 shows 3 that the angles between the nozzles and the corresponding tangents T 2 and T 3 of the wall 16 of the accelerator chamber 11 can also be different.

Die Zuleitungen 124 bis 125b der Düsen 24-25b sind bei dem Beispiel nach Fig. 2 zu zwei Gruppen zusammengefasst, wobei die Zuleitungen 124-124b in ein Rohr 224 mit einem Ventil 324 münden oder übergehen, während die Zuleitungen 125-125b in ein gemeinsames Rohr 225 mit Ventil 325 münden bzw. übergehen. Beide Rohre erhalten das Gas oder die Luft von einer Leitung 100.In the example according to FIG. 2, the feed lines 124 to 125b of the nozzles 24-25b are combined into two groups, the feed lines 124-124b opening or passing into a tube 224 with a valve 324, while the feed lines 125-125b into a common one Open or pass pipe 225 with valve 325. Both pipes receive the gas or air from a line 100.

In das Rohr 224 münden Zuführungsleitungen 424, 524 mit Ventilen 424a, 524a, die zu je einem Behälter 101, 102 mit je einem Additiv führen. Das gleiche gilt für das Rohr 225 mit den Leitungen 425,525 und den Ventilen 425a und 525a.Feed lines 424, 524 with valves 424a, 524a open into the tube 224 and each lead to a container 101, 102 with an additive each. The same applies to the pipe 225 with the lines 425,525 and the valves 425a and 525a.

In Fig. 3 ist dargestellt, dass eine ungleiche Anzahl von Düsen einer Ebene mit verschiedenen Additiven versorgt werden kann.FIG. 3 shows that an unequal number of nozzles on one level can be supplied with different additives.

Die Ventile 324, 325 und 425a, 525a erlauben eine genaue Einstellung der zuzuführenden Gas-oder Luftmenge bzw. der Menge an Additiven. Hierdurch ist es möglich, einerseits die äussere Drallströmung 28 sehr genau zu regulieren, d.h. zu beschleunigen oder zu verzögern, um die Staubteilchen dieser Strömung mehr oder minder lang der Strahlungswärme der inneren Drallströmung 12 auszusetzen und damit möglichst viele Kohlenstaubteilchen zu verbrennen. Andererseits ist es aber auch möglich, Additive in gewünschter Menge in die Kammer 11 einzubringen. Das Additiv wird, und das ist bei der Zugabe der Additive wesentlich, nicht mit dem Kohlenstaub oder der Verbrennungsluft zugegeben, sondern zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt, wo der Kohlenstaub schon gezündet hat.The valves 324, 325 and 425a, 525a allow precise adjustment of the gas or air quantity to be supplied or the quantity of additives. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to regulate the outer swirl flow 28 very precisely, i.e. to accelerate or decelerate in order to expose the dust particles of this flow to the radiant heat of the inner swirl flow 12 for more or less long and thus to burn as many coal dust particles as possible. On the other hand, it is also possible to introduce additives in the desired amount into the chamber 11. The additive, and this is essential when adding the additives, is not added with the coal dust or the combustion air, but at a later point in time when the coal dust has already ignited.

Wegen der hohen Wandtemperatur der Kammer 11 sind die Düsen 20-27 vorzugsweise fest in die Wand eingebaut, was jedoch nicht ausschliesst, die Düsen in kugelartigen Teilen zu halten und diese in Kalotten schwenkbar zu gestalten.Because of the high wall temperature of the chamber 11, the nozzles 20-27 are preferably permanently installed in the wall, but this does not preclude holding the nozzles in spherical parts and making them pivotable in spherical caps.

Claims (5)

1. A device for burning coal dust, comprising a combustion lance (7) extending axially through a burner muffle (1), which is cylindrical or widens conically towards the firing space, said lance (7) supplying the coal dust, a spin device (4) for the air of combustion at the end (2), remote from the firing space, of the burner muffle (1), a cap (8) arranged at the free outlet end of the blowing lance (7) on the same so as to reverse the direction of flow of the coal dust outside the lance (7), and an accelerating chamber (11), which is placed between the burner muffle (1) and the firing space in the axial direction of the burner muffle and which is cylindrical or narrows conically towards the firing space, and is placed in the axial direction of the burner muffle, characterized in that the diameter of the accelerating chamber (11) at the connection thereof with the burner muffle (1) is greater than the diameter of the burner muffle (1) at this connection with the formation of a widening part (19) and of a shoulder (wall 29), and in that there are a number of jets (20 to 27) which are placed so as to be tangential in relation to the wall (16) of the accelerating chamber (11) and are placed one after the other in the length direction of the acceleration chamber (11), said jets (20 to 27) being adapted for the supply of gas or air to the widening part (19) of the accelerating chamber (11) independently from each other for forming an external spin current (28) surrounding the internal spin current (12) from the burner muffle (1) and turning in the same direction but directed oppositely to same, in the widened part (29) of the acceleration chamber (11).
2. The device as claimed in claim 1 characterized by gas or air supply ducts and pipes (124 to 125b, 224, 225 and 100) leading to the jets (20 to 27) with rate control valves for the separate jets, groups of jets or for all jets of a plane of the cross section.
3. The device as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the jets (20 to 27) are connected via ducts having rate control valves (424a, 424b, 524a and 524b) with containers for additives.
4. The device as claimed in any one of the claims 1 through 3 characterized in that the jets (20 to 27) in the wall (16) of the accelerating chamber (11) are placed at tangential angles which vary from one cross section plane (A to E) to another cross section plane or vary in one and the same cross section plane, and/or are placed at angles of inclination (a...Q) in relatoin to the associated cross section plane.
5. The device as claimed in any one of the claims 1 through 4 characterized in that the direction of the jets (20 to 27) is able to be adjusted.
EP83112521A 1982-12-15 1983-12-13 A device for burning coal dust Expired EP0111874B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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ZA841327A ZA841327B (en) 1983-12-13 1984-02-23 Combustion device

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DE3246379 1982-12-15
DE3246379 1982-12-15

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DE (1) DE3371114D1 (en)

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DE3371114D1 (en) 1987-05-27
CA1209408A (en) 1986-08-12
EP0111874A1 (en) 1984-06-27
US4507075A (en) 1985-03-26

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