EP0101097B1 - Procédé pour la fabrication de pièces métalliques écrouies par forgeage ou pressage - Google Patents

Procédé pour la fabrication de pièces métalliques écrouies par forgeage ou pressage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0101097B1
EP0101097B1 EP83200763A EP83200763A EP0101097B1 EP 0101097 B1 EP0101097 B1 EP 0101097B1 EP 83200763 A EP83200763 A EP 83200763A EP 83200763 A EP83200763 A EP 83200763A EP 0101097 B1 EP0101097 B1 EP 0101097B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
forging
workpiece
work
temperature
mean
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83200763A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0101097A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Dr. Rydstad
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
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Publication date
Application filed by BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland filed Critical BBC Brown Boveri AG Switzerland
Publication of EP0101097A1 publication Critical patent/EP0101097A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0101097B1 publication Critical patent/EP0101097B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K3/00—Making engine or like machine parts not covered by sub-groups of B21K1/00; Making propellers or the like
    • B21K3/04—Making engine or like machine parts not covered by sub-groups of B21K1/00; Making propellers or the like blades, e.g. for turbines; Upsetting of blade roots
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for producing a cold-hardened metallic workpiece according to the preamble of claim 1 and claim 2.
  • a forging blank initially in the temperature range of hot forming, i.e. Above the recrystallization limit (for austenitic steels 950-1150 ° C) in several work steps in cold or only slightly preheated (below 300 ° C) dies by forging to approximately the desired shape.
  • the workpiece was then subjected to another separate “cold deformation operation” at a higher temperature. This increased working temperature was chosen to reduce the yield stresses during the necessary deformation. It had to remain below the recrystallization threshold in order to achieve a "cold hardening effect".
  • Temperatures in the range of 700-900 ° C and degrees of deformation around 10% and higher were common for austenitic steels.
  • the invention has for its object to simplify the manufacturing process in the manufacture of a work hardened workpiece as a final product, starting from a forging blank, to make it more economical and to achieve optimum workpiece properties.
  • FIG. 1 shows the view of a forging blank (preform) used to produce a turbine blade of a thermal machine.
  • the representation corresponds to the layout of the workpiece in the working position at the start of the forging process in the press.
  • the blank is rotationally symmetrical and consists of a slim cylindrical shaft part and a thicker conical foot part.
  • the blade is formed from the longer shaft part during the forging operation and the blade root from the foot part.
  • the sketch roughly corresponds to the natural size of the workpiece, but can in principle apply to all blade sizes of a similar shape.
  • FIG. 2a shows the temperature curve T in the workpiece as a function of time t for the different phases of the process steps consisting of thermal, thermomechanical and mechanical treatment.
  • Curve a applies to the shaft or the blade of the workpiece, while curve b is responsible for the corresponding foot.
  • C is the tool temperature.
  • m refers to the heating phase taking place in the furnace, n to the transport phase between the furnace and the forging tool, o to the actual shaping phase of the hot and cold forming and q to the cooling phase (generally in air up to room temperature).
  • a and B indicate the final temperatures of the shaft and the foot of the forging blank in the furnace.
  • C and D are the initial temperatures for the shank and foot of the workpiece in the forging die, i.e. at the beginning of the deformation, while E and F represent the corresponding end temperatures for the airfoil or blade root after the forging and work hardening operation has been completed.
  • FIG. 2b shows the section of the temperature / time diagram according to FIG. 2a that is of most interest in the present case on an enlarged scale. Above all, the effort to adjust the workpiece to the tool temperature during phase o (curve sections C-E and D-F) can be seen.
  • a forging blank with the preform according to FIG. 1 was formed into a turbine blade in one heat in one heat, while simultaneously performing a work hardening process at elevated temperature.
  • the workpiece to be deformed consisted of an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X12CrNiWTil613 and had the following composition:
  • the raw material of the forged blank was initially in the solution-annealed condition.
  • the blank was placed in an oven at a temperature of 1190 ° C. and left there for 420 seconds (heating phase m).
  • the shaft of the workpiece had reached an average temperature of 950 ° C (point A), while that of the foot reached 725 ° C (point B).
  • the workpiece was removed from the furnace and placed in the die of the forging press.
  • This transport phase n lasted a total of 30 seconds until the actual forging operation began.
  • the shaft had cooled to 850 ° C (point C) and the foot to 695 ° C (point D).
  • the tool consisting of the nickel-based alloy IN 100 had been brought to a temperature of 800 ° C (horizontal c).
  • this corresponded approximately to the recrystallization temperature.
  • the workpiece was pressed to a turbine blade with an average punch speed of 6.5 mm / sec.
  • the stamp speed was higher at the beginning of the pressing process than at the end of the same.
  • the first period of this shaping phase o served for shaping (hot forming), while in the second period of this phase mainly strain hardening was carried out at a higher temperature.
  • the total pressing force of the punch was 6100 kN.
  • the airfoil had reached a temperature of 840 ° C (point E), the airfoil had reached a temperature of 725 ° C (point F).
  • iron or nickel alloys can be converted into the desired end product in the manner proposed.
  • Austenitic, corrosion-resistant steels that are suitable for strong work hardening are particularly suitable for this purpose. It must be pointed out that this «work hardening» also occurs during deformation at higher temperatures, since the recrystallization temperature is relatively high for complete recrystallization. The latter depends on the alloy composition, the degree of deformation and the rate of deformation (duration of the corresponding deformation). As a rule, it can be determined experimentally by preliminary tests. Forged blanks similar to Fig. 1 made of Cr / Ni / W steel are brought to an initial temperature of 700-800 ° C in the foot part and to a temperature of 850-950 ° C in the shaft part.
  • the tool which generally consists of two die halves, should be kept at a temperature of 700-850 ° C, which is usually close to the recrystallization temperature.
  • pressing is carried out for 1-10 sec with an average punch speed of 2-20 mm / sec under a pressure of at most 75% of the yield strength of the tool material.
  • an average stamping speed of 0.5-5 mm / sec can then be used to press or finish-press under a pressure of at most 85% of the yield strength of the tool material.
  • it is sufficient in many cases to specify and adhere to a suitable furnace temperature and the corresponding heating time (see example). If, on the other hand, the workpiece has a very intricate shape, the required temperature distribution can be achieved in most cases with an inductive heating system by controlling the power transmission and the heating-up time as a function of the location.
  • the optimal relationships between recrystallization temperature, tool temperature, “cold deformation degree”, deformation speed, increase in hardness or strength and initial temperature can be determined experimentally, depending on the location (geometry) of the workpiece calculate based on model assumptions. In this way, hardness and tensile strength can be increased evenly over the entire workpiece by amounts of up to approx. 50%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Claims (2)

1. Procédé pour la fabrication d'une pièce métallique écrouie en un alliage de fer ou de nickel austénitique pouvant subir un important écrouissage, par forgeage ou pressage dans un outil en forme de matrice préchauffé et chauffé, caractérisé en ce que l'ébauche de forge constituant la préforme est transformée en produit final en une seule opération à chaud en utilisant un seul outil, opération au cours de laquelle on réalise, dans une première phase, essentiellement le formage et dans une seconde phase essentiellement l'écrouissage de la pièce, l'ébauche de forge étant, dans les différentes parties de sa configuration, portée à des températures initiales différentes en fonction de la localisation de ces parties et déformée dans ses différentes parties de telle façon que le taux d'écrouissage atteigne une valeur sensiblement égale sur la totalité de la pièce, et en ce que la pièce est ensuite refroidie jusqu'à la température ambiante.
2. Procédé pour la fabrication d'une pièce écrouie en un acier Cr/Ni/W par forgeage ou pressage dans un outil en forme de matrice préchauffé et chauffé, caracterisé en ce qu'une ébauche de forge constituée par une préforme à symétrie de rotation et présentant différents diamètres, est portée dans son pied à une température initiale moyenne de 700-800°C et dans son fût à une température moyenne de 850-950°C et est d'abord amenée à la forme brute d'une aube de turbine dans un outil composé de deux demi-matrices et se trouvant à une température de 700 à 850°C, en une opération à chaud, pendant une durée de 1-10 s avec une vitesse moyenne du poinçon de la presse de forge de 2-20 mm/s sous une pression moyenne valant au maximum 75% de la limite d'élasticité du matériau de l'outil et est, immédiatement après, écrouie en utilisant les même demi-matrices avec une vitesse moyenne de poinçon de 0,5-5 mm/s sous une pression moyenne valant au maximum 85% de la limite d'élasticité du matériau de l'outil, est amenée à sa forme finale et est refroidie à l'air jusqu'à la température ambiante.
EP83200763A 1982-07-22 1983-05-30 Procédé pour la fabrication de pièces métalliques écrouies par forgeage ou pressage Expired EP0101097B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4473/82 1982-07-22
CH447382 1982-07-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0101097A1 EP0101097A1 (fr) 1984-02-22
EP0101097B1 true EP0101097B1 (fr) 1986-04-23

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EP83200763A Expired EP0101097B1 (fr) 1982-07-22 1983-05-30 Procédé pour la fabrication de pièces métalliques écrouies par forgeage ou pressage

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EP (1) EP0101097B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5930443A (fr)
DE (1) DE3363150D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004062174A1 (de) * 2004-12-17 2006-06-22 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung von hoch belastbaren Bauteilen durch Präzisionsschmieden

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH654593A5 (de) * 1983-09-28 1986-02-28 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Verfahren zur herstellung eines feinkoernigen werkstuecks aus einer nickelbasis-superlegierung.
JPH04135707U (ja) * 1991-06-10 1992-12-17 ヒロセ電機株式会社 プラスチツクフアイバ用コネクタ構造
JP2000501654A (ja) * 1995-12-14 2000-02-15 アトリントン インヴェストメンツ リミテッド 金属形材の製造法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE659918C (de) * 1934-04-27 1938-05-13 Plate Stahlwerke Schmiedeverfahren zur Herstellung von im Mittelteil verfestigten Werkstuecken
CH226497A (de) * 1941-12-08 1943-04-15 Sulzer Ag Vorrichtung zum Warmpressen von Schaufeln, insbesondere Turbinenschaufeln.
GB675809A (en) * 1949-04-22 1952-07-16 Electric Furnace Prod Co Improvements in iron base alloys for high-temperature service
FR1062336A (fr) * 1951-09-03 1954-04-21 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Alliages d'acier austénitiques de haute endurance pour des températures d'emploi allant jusqu'à 800 deg c.
US3519503A (en) * 1967-12-22 1970-07-07 United Aircraft Corp Fabrication method for the high temperature alloys

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
SHEET METAL INDUSTRIES, Band 49, Nr. 1, Januar 1972, London, GB. V.J. McNEELY et al.: "Higher-strength austenitic stainless steels", Seiten 17-25 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004062174A1 (de) * 2004-12-17 2006-06-22 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung von hoch belastbaren Bauteilen durch Präzisionsschmieden
US7571528B2 (en) 2004-12-17 2009-08-11 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Method for the manufacture of highly loadable components by precision forging

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Publication number Publication date
DE3363150D1 (en) 1986-05-28
EP0101097A1 (fr) 1984-02-22
JPS5930443A (ja) 1984-02-18

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