EP0096918A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Radioisotop enthaltenden Lösung sowie Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung dieser Lösung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Radioisotop enthaltenden Lösung sowie Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung dieser Lösung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0096918A1
EP0096918A1 EP83200774A EP83200774A EP0096918A1 EP 0096918 A1 EP0096918 A1 EP 0096918A1 EP 83200774 A EP83200774 A EP 83200774A EP 83200774 A EP83200774 A EP 83200774A EP 0096918 A1 EP0096918 A1 EP 0096918A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
column
adsorption agent
isotope
adsorption
layers
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Application number
EP83200774A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Karel Jan Dr. Panek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mallinckrodt Diagnostica Holland BV
Original Assignee
Byk Mallinckrodt CIL BV
Mallinckrodt Diagnostica Holland BV
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Application filed by Byk Mallinckrodt CIL BV, Mallinckrodt Diagnostica Holland BV filed Critical Byk Mallinckrodt CIL BV
Publication of EP0096918A1 publication Critical patent/EP0096918A1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21G—CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS; RADIOACTIVE SOURCES
    • G21G4/00—Radioactive sources
    • G21G4/04—Radioactive sources other than neutron sources
    • G21G4/06—Radioactive sources other than neutron sources characterised by constructional features
    • G21G4/08—Radioactive sources other than neutron sources characterised by constructional features specially adapted for medical application

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of preparing a liquid comprising a radioactive isotope, by allowing a solution of a radioactive parent isotope to pass through an adsorption agent in a column, the parent isotope being adsorbed on the adsorption agent and producing there a radioactive daughter isotope by decay, and by subsequently eluting the daughter isotope from the adsorption agent by means of an eluent.
  • the invention also relates to a device for generating said liquid, to a generator column for said device, as well as to a method of preparing said generator column.
  • One radioactive isotope which is frequently used for diagnostic purposes is technetium-99m.
  • the radioactive material remains circulating in the body for a long period of time, so that immediate repetition of a certain diagnostic examination is not possible.
  • Gold-195m is an isotope having a half life of 30.6 sec.,and only emits gamma rays, and that of a suitable energy, namely 261 keV, and in a sufficient quantity to enable a good observation by means of apparatus suitable for this purpose, for example a gamma camera.
  • a radioisotope generator as mentioned above comprises a column having an adsorption agent suitable for the parent isotope.
  • the generator is loaded with the parent isotope by allowing a solution of the parent isotope to pass through the adsorption agent in the column.
  • the adsorbed parent isotope produces the.radioactive daughter isotope suitable for diagnostic purposes by decay during a given period of time which depends on the half life of the isotope.
  • the user can withdraw a quantity of liquid comprising the daughter isotope from the generator at any desired instant during this period of time.
  • a suitable eluent is allo- we d to pass through the column, in which the formed daughter isotope dissolves in the eluent and can be collected, but the parent isotope remains in the column entirely or substan- tially entirely.
  • a large number of adsorption agents and eluents have proved suitable for preparing a gold-195m-containing liquid from the parent isotope mercury-195m.
  • the adsorption agent in the column may be loaded at will with an activity of mercury-195m varying between, for example, approximately 3 and 80 mCi.
  • Example X of the same Patent Application the degree of loading is of influence on the elution efficiency.
  • an elution efficiency of approximately 70% could be reached, while with a loading with 83 mCi of parent isotope the elution efficiency was at most only 53%.
  • the elution efficiency or elution yield of radioisotope generators never is 100%.
  • an elution of approximately 50% could be reached in a Hg/Au generator with a rather high loading, namely 83 mCi of mercury- -195m. This means that the loading would have to be another two times as high in order to be able to withdraw sufficient activity'of gold-195m from the generator during use.
  • the parent isotope mercury-195m is always contaminated with another mercury isotope, namely mercury-195 having a half life of 9.9 hours. Upon decay, said mercury isotope does not produce the desired gold-195m isotope and consequently does not contribute to the necessary activity of gold-195m.
  • This undesired mercury isotope- is formed as a by-product in the preparation of the parent isotope mercury -195m by radiation of a gold "target" in a cyclotron.
  • a suitable temperature at which the elution can be carried out according to the invention is 30 to 100°C; the best results are achieved at temperatures between 60 and 80 C.
  • the elution efficiency was found to improve from approximately 38% to approximately 50% when the elution was carried out at temperatures between 60 and 80 C instead of at room temperature.
  • the elution at elevated temperature can be carried out by heating the column, in which the adsorbed parent isotope is present, during the elution.
  • both the eluent and the column with adsorbed parent isotope may be kept at elevated temperature.
  • the method according to the invention may in principle be used to improve the elution efficiency during the preparation of various radioactive isotopes-containing liquids, but it is suitable in particular to improve the elution efficiency during the preparation of a gold-195m-contaihing liquid by elution of an adsorption agent on which mercury-195m is adsorbed.
  • the gold--195m isotope presents excellent perspectives for radio-diagnostic application, in particular due to the favourable radiation characteristics and the simple method of preparation which has become known from the above-mentioned Netherlands Patent Application 8002235.
  • the elution efficiency in preparing a gold-195m-containing liquid can even be further improved by using an adsorption agent for the parent isotope mercury-195m which comprises at least two layers of different adsorption capacities for the parent isotope and, upon loading, leading the solution of the parent isotope through the adsorption agent in such manner that the liquid passes through the layers in a sequence of increasing adsorption capacity.
  • an adsorption agent for the parent isotope mercury-195m which comprises at least two layers of different adsorption capacities for the parent isotope and, upon loading, leading the solution of the parent isotope through the adsorption agent in such manner that the liquid passes through the layers in a sequence of increasing adsorption capacity.
  • the elution efficiency can again be improved further by approximately 10% as will become apparent from the Examples.
  • such a gradient-packed column will preferably comprise not more than approximately 4 layers of different adsorption capacities for the parent isotope, but a column filling having a continuously varying adsorption capacity, so actually comprising a very large number of very thin layers, can also be readily realized.
  • the use of a gradient-packed column in preparing a gold--195m-containing liquid can give a considerable improvement of the elution efficiency also without elution at elevated temperature as will become apparent from the Examples.
  • a combination of gradient-packed column and elution at elevated temperature gives the best results.
  • the elution efficiency of a gold--195m-containing generator can be improved by adding a small quantity of sodium nitrate.
  • Such an addition is no doubt an advantage in generators having a smaller loading, for example, up to approximately 160 mCi.
  • an addition of sodium nitrate is surely insufficient and provides only a small improvement of the elution efficiency.
  • a suitable adsorption agent for the parent isotope mercury-195m is a zinc sulphide-containing adsorption agent on the basis of silica gel, aluminium oxide, natural or synthetic aluminium silicate, active carbon or glass.
  • a matching eluent for the daughter isotope gold-195m may successfully be used an aqueous solution of thiosulphate.
  • a gradient-packed column according to the invention may be used with an adsorption agent comprising at least two layers of different contents of zinc sulphide.
  • an adsorption agent comprising at least two layers having contents of zinc sulphide increasing from approximately 0.5 to approximately 20 mg of zinc sulphide per g of adsorption agent, preferably, as will become apparent from the Examples, 3 or 4 layers having contents of zinc sulphide of approximately 2, 3 or 6 mg, respectively, or approximately 1, 2, 3 and 6 mg, respectively, of zinc sulphide per g of adsorption agent.
  • a radiodiagnostic examination in a living being, in particular in a human being, can be carried out by means of the liquid which contains a radioactive isotope and which has been obtained as described above.
  • This examination may be carried out as described, for example, in the above-mentioned Netherlands Patent Application 8002235, by administering the liquid to the living being, preferably directly in the blood circulation of the being, and then recording the radioactivity emitted by the being.
  • the invention also relates to a device for generating a liquid comprising a radioactive isotope, which device comprises a column having an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture, which column comprises an adsorption agent having a radioactive parent isotope adsorbed hereon, and a reservoir for the eluent connected to the.inlet aperture.
  • the device according to the invention is suitable for performing in it an elution at elevated temperature.
  • either the column with the adsorption agent, or both the reservoir for the eluent and the column with the adsorption agent is/are provided externally with heating means, or is/are placed in a room having heating means.
  • heating means jackets in which a heatable liquid may be present or through which a heatable liquid can be passed, electric heating jackets or heating coils, and/or one or more layers of a semiconducting material to be connected to a voltage source; heating coils, immersion heaters and/or heating plates are preferred for the latter method of heating.
  • the above provision in which the column or the column and the eluent reservoir is or are heated by means of a layer of a suitable semiconductor is to be preferred because this provision can be provided simply and hence cheaply, occupies little space and enable a good temperature regulation and temperature control.
  • An insulation jacket or insulation jackets around the layer or layers of semiconducting material is, of course, very much desired.
  • an efficacious heating can already be achieved by simply providing the column with adsorption agent externally with a layer of a semiconducting material to be connected to a voltage source.
  • the column comprises between the inlet aperture and the adsorption agent an "empty" space, i.e. a space which is not filled with the adsorption agent, sufficient to comprise a quantity of eluent for at least one elution.
  • said column, inclusive of the said "empty" space is provided with external heating means, preferably a layer of a semiconducting material, not only the contents of the column but also the quantity of eluent necessary for one elution is heated during the elution to the desired temperature.
  • the column with the adsorption agent is surrounded entirely or partly by a jacket having inlet and outlet apertures through which the eluent can flow, the outlet aperture of the jacket being connected with the inlet aperture of the column.
  • the jacket has external heating means, preferably a layer of a semiconducting material, by which the eluent flowing through the jacket during the elution is heated to the desired temperature. The heated eluent in turn heats the contents of the column to the elevated temperature desired for the elution.
  • the semiconductor preferably chosen is a material which consists entirely or substantially entirely of stannic oxide or indium trioxide to which a small quantity of antimony trioxide has been added.
  • a different heating facility is preferred, namely a heating plate, which can be fitted very simply.
  • a heating plate is especially suited for heating the air in a room wherein the column is place, for example a lead shielding vessel closed by a lead cover. If an improved temperature control is desired, it is recommended to replace the air surrounding the column by a suitable liquid, having better heat conduction and transfer than air.
  • the device for generating a gold-195m-containing liquid comprises a gradient-packed column, i.e. that an adsorption agent with parent isotope mercury-195m adsorbed hereon is present in the column and comprises at least two layers of different adsorption capacities for the parent isotope, the layers being arranged between the apertures of the column in a sequence of increasing adsorption capacities.
  • This device comprising a gradient-packed column may be constructed, if desired, with a facility for heating column or eluent reservoir and column, as described hereinbefore.
  • the column comprises a zinc sulphide-containing adsorption agent on the basis of silica gel, aluminium oxide, natural or synthetic aluminium silicate, active carbon or glass, which adsorption agent comprises at least two layers having different contents of zinc sulphide, preferably increasing from approximately 0.5 to approximately 20 mg of zinc sulphide per gram of adsorption agent.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a generator column for.a device as described above.
  • Said generator column consists of an entirely or substantially cylindrical body which is open at each end and whose apertures are closed by means of rubber stoppers which comprise or may be provided with connection means from the interior of the body to a reservoir for the eluent and to a receptacle for the radioactive daughter isotope-containing liquid, respectively, said stoppers being connected in or on the open ends of the body so as to seal circumferentially, in which body an adsorption agent for the parent isotope is or can be enclosed between filters which are present inside the body on the upper side and the lower side, respectively, of the adsorption agent.
  • Such a column as described, for example, in Example X of the above-mentioned Netherlands Patent Application 8002235, consists preferably of a glass tube which at each end is widened and provided with flanged parts, in which tube the adsorption agent is enclosed between filters of sintered glass and porous plastic.
  • the column according to the invention is characterized in that the entirely or substantially cylindrical body has external heating means as desdribed hereinbefore.
  • the generator column for a device for generating a gold-195m--contain-ing liquid is characterized in that an adsorption agent which comprises at least two layers of different adsorption capacities for the parent isotope mercury-195m is present in the entirely or substantially cylindrical body, the layers being arranged between the filters in a sequence of increasing adsorption capacity:
  • said gradient-packed column may also be constructed with a facility to heat the column, as described hereinbefore.
  • the invention relates to a method of preparing a gradient-packed generator column for a device for generating a gold-195m-containing liquid.
  • a generator column is packed or filled by providing an adsorption agent for the parent isotope mercury-195m on a first filter, which is present in the entirely or substantially cylindrical column body which is open at each end and of which filter the circurmference adjoins the inner wall of the body, then providing on the upper side of the adsorption agent in the body a second filter whose circumference also adjoins the inner wall of the body, and finally closing the two ends of the body with rubber stoppers which comprise or may be provided with connection means from the interior of the body to a reservoir for the eluent and to a receptacle for the radioactive daughter isotope-containing liquid, respectively, by connecting said stoppers in or on the open ends of the body so as to be sealing circumferentially.
  • compositions of different adsorption capacities for the parent isotope are used, while the compositions, arranged in layers in a sequence of increasing or decreasing adsorption capacity are provided on the first filter.
  • Particularly suitable for this purpose are compositions of a zinc sulphide-containing adsorption agent on the basis of silica gel, aluminium oxide, natural or synthetic aluminium silicate, active carbon or glass, having different ⁇ contents of zinc sulphide, said compositions being provided on the first filter in layers arranged in a sequence of increasing or decreasing zinc sulphide content.
  • the adsorption agent in the column according to the invention may be loaded with parent isotope mercury-195m by allowing a solution of the parent isotope to pass through the adsorption agent through the connection means in the rubber sealing stoppers, for example, tubes or injection needles which are pierced through the stoppers, in such manner that the layers of the adsorption agent are passed through the liquid in a sequence of increasing adsorption capacity.
  • the adsorption agent in the column according to the invention may be loaded with parent isotope mercury-195m by allowing a solution of the parent isotope to pass through the adsorption agent through the connection means in the rubber sealing stoppers, for example, tubes or injection needles which are pierced through the stoppers, in such manner that the layers of the adsorption agent are passed through the liquid in a sequence of increasing adsorption capacity.
  • a zinc sulphide-containing adsorption agent upon loading a solution of the parent isotope is passed through the adsorption
  • Figures la, 1b and 1c are cross-sectional views of favourable embodiments of heatable generator columns according to the invention.
  • the glass tube (column body) 3 is widened at the two open ends and provided with flanges.
  • the rubber stoppers 2 are connected to the open ends of the tube by means of caps or folded capsules 1 having a central aperture.
  • the adsorption agent 7 is present between two filters, one filter 4 of sintered glass (G2) on the side of the upper end, i.e. the side where the eluent is admitted to the column, and one filter 8 of porous plastic, for example, of vyon plastic, on the side of the other end, namely where the eluate is drained from the column.
  • the plastic filter is supported by a polypropylene supporting ring 9.
  • the column in Figure la can be heated by means of a heating coil, in this case a coiled resistance wire 5 which can be connected to a voltage source.
  • the column in Figure 1c can be heated by means of a layer 12 of semiconducting material which can be connected to a voltage source and which surrounds the central part of the glass tube.
  • the semiconducting material consists of a mixture of stannic oxide and antimoney trioxide.
  • the heating means are enveloped by insul- tation jackets 6.
  • the glass tube (column body) 10 is surrounded by a jacket 11 having an inlet aperture and an outlet aperture, so that a heated liquid of a constant temperature can be circulated by pumping (see arrows).
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a suitable embodiment of a gradient-packed generator column according to the invention.
  • Column components corresponding to those of Figure 1 are referred to by the same reference numerals.
  • the column is packed with three layers of different adsorption capacities for the parent isotope mercury-195m, namely layers 15, 14 and 13 with a decreasing content of zinc sulphide per gram of silica gel.
  • the layers 15, 14 and 13 comprise approximately 6, 3 and 2 mg of zinc sulphide per gram of silica gel, the less concentrated layers being obtained from the concentrated layer (approximately 6 mg per gram of silica gel) by dilution with silica gel.
  • Figure 3 shows the same gradient-packed column as Figure 2 but now also provided with a heating in the form of a layer of a semiconducting material (Sn02/Sb203), which layer can be connected to a voltage source.
  • the reference numerals are the same as used in Figures 1 and 2.
  • Figure 4 shows a few other embodiments of heatable gradient-packed columns.
  • the glass tube (column body) 16 shown in Figure 4a is so long that besides the packing or filling (13, 14, 15 in decreasing zinc-sulphide concentrations) which is enclosed between the filters 4 and 8, a space 17 remains which can comprise a quantity of eluent which is approximately sufficient for one single elution.
  • the flow of the eluent through the column is indicated by arrows.
  • the quantity of eluent admitted to the space 17 of the column body destined for this purpose can be heated to the desired temperature by means of a heating in the form of a layer 12 of a semiconducting material, which layer can be connected to a voltage source.
  • the glass tube (column body) 22 shown in Figure 4b is filled with adsorption agent (13, 14 15 in decreasing zinc-sulphide con- i centrations) in the same manner as the column body of Figure 4a.
  • a U-shaped tube 21 comprising sharp ends is pierced through the lower stopper and communicates the interior of the jacket with that of the column. Through this tube the eluent can reach the column filling. After having passed the column filling, the eluate may be drained from the column on the upper by means side (see arrow).
  • the eluent in the jacket can be heated of a layer 12 of a semiconducting material which can be connected to a voltage source, while the column filling can be brought at the desired temperature by the heated eluent in the
  • heating means are also possible without departing from the scope of the present invention, for example the heating plate mentioned before.
  • a heating plate as such is so well.known, that such a device does not need further illustration.
  • a generator column as shown in Figure 1b and described in Example I was loaded with mercury-195m by contacting the adsorption agent with a solution of radioactive mercury nitrate having a pH of 5-6, which solution had been obtained by dissolving 200 mCi 195m Hg obtained from a cyclotron target in 2-4 ml of concentrated nitric acid, then diluting the resulting concentrate with water up to approximately 10 ml, and finally bringing at a pH of 5-6.
  • the column Upon loading the column with radioactive 195m Hg isotope, the column was placed upside down so that the sintered glass filter was present at the top of the column, after which the adsorption agent in the column was contacted with the isotope-containing loading solution by causing the solution to flow through the sintered glass filter into the column.
  • the adsorption agent in the column was contacted with the isotope-containing loading solution by causing the solution to flow through the sintered glass filter into the column.
  • the adsorption of 195m Hg on the adsorption agent is substantially quantitative in which not more than approximately 0.1% of the activity used was found again in the liquid flowing out of the column after the loading has been completed.
  • An eluent for the column was prepared by dissolving approximately 29.8 g of sodium thiosulphate (5H 2 0) and approximately 10 g of sodium nitrate in approximately 1,000 ml of water.
  • the column of the isotope generator was eluted in the reverse position with the eluent by injecting 2 ml under pressure in the generator. In a very short time, namely 2 to 3 seconds, the 195m Au-containing eluate could be collected from the column.
  • the elution was carried out at various temperatures by pumping water of a constant temperature both through a jacket provided around the eluent reservoir and through the column jacket.
  • the number of millicuries in the eluate was derived from the count rate of the eluate measured on a rapid gamma analyzer with a single channel, the gamma energy channel of 261 keV being used.
  • the resulting count rate was corrected (besides the usual correction factors of geometry, efficiency and dead time) for the loss of counts by the decay of 195m Au during the measuring time and also for the loss of activity during the time lapsed between elution and beginning of the measurement of the counts for each eluate.
  • the formed number of millicuries of 195m Au in each eluate was normalised to an elution time of 14.00 hours on the day at which the elutions took place so that all results would be directly comparable.
  • the elution yield which is defined as the percent a g e of eluted 195m Au with respect to theoretically available 195m Au, was derived from the known number of millicuries at 195m Hg with which the generator column was loaded and the decay parameters (1 mCi of 195m Hg yields 0.458 mCi of 195m Au), while the above normalization was used.
  • the radionuclidic purity of the eluates was determined by counting-after complete decay of the eluted 195m Au-560 keV gamma rays emitted by 195m Hg remained in the eluates.
  • the found values were expressed either as a percentage of the overall quantity of 195m Hg with which the generator column was loaded, or as the number of microcuries of 195m Hg per millicuries of eluted 195m Au, while all results were again normalized as described above.
  • a gradient-packed generator column as shown in Figure 3 and described in Example I was loaded with 200 mCi of mercury--195m, as described in Example II, by leading the solution of radioactive mercury nitrate through the column in such manner that the layers were passed by the solution in the sequence of increasing zinc sulphide concentrations, so layer 13 ⁇ layer 14 ⁇ layer 15.
  • the elution was carried out at various temperatures as described in Example II.
  • the elution yields Y shown infigure 5 were found and plotted against the elution temperature: curve G.
  • a gradient-packed generator column as shown in Figure 2 and described in Example I was loaded with quantities of mercury--195m (including mercury 195) varying between approximately 400 and 800 mCi.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
  • Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
EP83200774A 1982-06-14 1983-06-01 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Radioisotop enthaltenden Lösung sowie Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung dieser Lösung Withdrawn EP0096918A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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NL8202407 1982-06-14
NL8202407 1982-06-14

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EP0096918A1 true EP0096918A1 (de) 1983-12-28

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EP83200774A Withdrawn EP0096918A1 (de) 1982-06-14 1983-06-01 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Radioisotop enthaltenden Lösung sowie Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung dieser Lösung

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EP (1) EP0096918A1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5910900A (de)
AU (1) AU1571883A (de)
DK (1) DK267583A (de)
FI (1) FI832100L (de)
NO (1) NO832115L (de)
ZA (1) ZA834283B (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2567307A1 (fr) * 1984-07-06 1986-01-10 Israel Commission En Atomiq Generateur de radionucleides
EP0739017A1 (de) * 1995-04-20 1996-10-23 NIHON MEDI-PHYSICS Co., Ltd. Abschirmelement für radioaktive Substanz, Verfahren zur Fertigung des Abschirmelements, und Einrichtung zur Produktion einer radioaktiven Lösung

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63129089A (ja) * 1986-11-19 1988-06-01 篠原精器株式会社 畜糞類の攪拌装置
GB2386743B (en) * 2002-04-11 2004-02-11 Amersham Plc Radioisotope generator

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2110108A5 (de) * 1970-10-29 1972-05-26 Smith Edward
GB2047672A (en) * 1979-04-17 1980-12-03 Byk Mallinckrodt Cil Bv Preparation and use of a 195m aucontaining liquid
GB2087633A (en) * 1980-11-04 1982-05-26 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Isotope separation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2110108A5 (de) * 1970-10-29 1972-05-26 Smith Edward
GB2047672A (en) * 1979-04-17 1980-12-03 Byk Mallinckrodt Cil Bv Preparation and use of a 195m aucontaining liquid
GB2087633A (en) * 1980-11-04 1982-05-26 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Isotope separation

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2567307A1 (fr) * 1984-07-06 1986-01-10 Israel Commission En Atomiq Generateur de radionucleides
GB2161979A (en) * 1984-07-06 1986-01-22 Israel Atomic Energy Comm Radionuclides
EP0739017A1 (de) * 1995-04-20 1996-10-23 NIHON MEDI-PHYSICS Co., Ltd. Abschirmelement für radioaktive Substanz, Verfahren zur Fertigung des Abschirmelements, und Einrichtung zur Produktion einer radioaktiven Lösung
US5831271A (en) * 1995-04-20 1998-11-03 Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd. Shielding member for radioactive substance, manufacturing method for the shielding member and apparatus for producing radioactive solution

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DK267583A (da) 1983-12-15
FI832100A0 (fi) 1983-06-10
AU1571883A (en) 1983-12-22
DK267583D0 (da) 1983-06-10
ZA834283B (en) 1984-03-28
JPS5910900A (ja) 1984-01-20
FI832100L (fi) 1983-12-15
NO832115L (no) 1983-12-15

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