EP0095692B1 - Glass block filled with a liquid and wall element of such glass blocks - Google Patents
Glass block filled with a liquid and wall element of such glass blocks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0095692B1 EP0095692B1 EP83105065A EP83105065A EP0095692B1 EP 0095692 B1 EP0095692 B1 EP 0095692B1 EP 83105065 A EP83105065 A EP 83105065A EP 83105065 A EP83105065 A EP 83105065A EP 0095692 B1 EP0095692 B1 EP 0095692B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- glass
- liquid
- glass block
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
- E04C1/42—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings of glass or other transparent material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a glass block which is filled with a translucent liquid consisting essentially of water.
- It also includes a wall element constructed from such glass blocks.
- a glass block of the type mentioned is known from GB-PS No. 1495951.
- the liquid filling is provided exclusively for aesthetic reasons.
- the liquid should preferably be colored, and in order to increase the aesthetic effect, additional prismatic bodies with inclined surfaces within the liquid-filled cavity should also be provided, the reflective effect of which increases the aesthetic effect.
- D E-AS No. 2360305 a storage element for heat storage in buildings, which consists of glass, is filled with crystal soda and is used as an outer wall module.
- crystal soda as the filler has the disadvantage that the transmission of visible light is reduced very much with a greater layer thickness, which is required for a noticeable storage capacity, so that such a component does not or only incompletely fulfills the lighting function.
- the invention has for its object to provide a liquid-filled glass block, which has particularly favorable properties in terms of energy technology due to its liquid filling.
- the liquid-filled glass block should have good heat-storing properties and, at the same time, the good usage behavior required for its practical use.
- the glass block according to the invention is characterized in that the filling consists of a highly water-containing hydrogel with an acrylic acid derivative such as methacrylic acid amide or acrylamide as a gel former and a water-soluble salt such as sodium silicate or sodium chloride as an additive which lowers the freezing point.
- an acrylic acid derivative such as methacrylic acid amide or acrylamide
- a water-soluble salt such as sodium silicate or sodium chloride as an additive which lowers the freezing point.
- the essential component of the liquid filling is water.
- Water has various properties that are of particular interest for the passive use of solar energy in buildings, namely a high heat storage capacity, a high specific heat and a high absorption capacity for heat radiation. Because of its excellent heat storage capacity, which is 2 to 3 times higher than that of normal components, its use as a heat storage medium is known per se. Due to its high specific heat, which is almost four times higher than the specific heat of reinforced concrete, water is able to store a relatively large amount of heat per unit volume. And the good absorption properties for heat radiation combined with high transmission of visible light contribute to the fact that the incident solar radiation leads to a relatively high proportion of the desired heating of the water, while at the same time the transparency is not noticeably impaired.
- a component with a strong temperature-compensating effect By filling a hollow glass block with water, a component with a strong temperature-compensating effect is created.
- the solar radiation When the solar radiation is applied, a large part of the heat radiation is absorbed by the component, so that the space behind it is initially shielded from this heat radiation.
- the wall warms up slowly, stores a relatively large amount of heat and later emits it into the room as boring heat radiation, for example when the direct sunlight has stopped.
- a wall made up of such glass blocks acts as a stabilizer of the temperature or the M i-krokfima inside the building and in this way makes excellent use of natural solar energy.
- a glass block filled only with water would not have the required performance properties in order to be used as a component, it is provided according to the invention to use a highly water-containing solution as the filling, which polymerizes into a hydrogel after being filled into the cavity of the glass block or gelled, and the freezing point is reduced by an appropriate addition to the desired level.
- a known gel former an acrylic acid derivative is added to form a gel. The gel formation ensures that the water is bound so that it cannot leak if the glass block becomes leaky for any reason.
- the glass block which essentially contains water, is frost-proof due to the addition that lowers the freezing point, so that it can also be installed in frost-prone regions without disadvantages.
- a water-soluble salt such as sodium silicate or sodium chloride is used in a sufficient amount of about 10 to 30% by weight to lower the freezing point, the additional effect that the fire-retardant properties of the glass block are significantly improved is also achieved. After the water has evaporated under the action of the fire heat, a foam-like structure remains, which essentially consists of the salt and which has a highly heat-insulating effect.
- a further improvement in the temperature-compensating effect can be achieved if the heat from the glass block is released to the outside is reduced.
- This can be achieved, for example, by glass panes arranged on the outside with an air gap, if necessary by additional insulating glass panes.
- the effect of these additional transparent plates can be further increased by surface layers which reflect the long-wave IR radiation. It is also possible to temporarily limit the heat emission of these components to the outside only when no solar radiation is incident, and for this purpose, for example, connect shutters or other heat insulating bodies in front of the glass block wall.
- Acrylic acid derivatives such as methacrylic acid amide and acrylamide, or mixtures thereof, are suitable as gel-forming additives. These substances polymerize in aqueous solution, the polymerization being achieved using peroxides or persalts with the addition of an accelerator. Diethylaminopropionitrile (DEAPN), for example, can be used as an accelerator. If necessary, a crosslinking agent can also be added to the solution, for example N-N'-methylenebisacrylamide (NN'-MBA).
- DEAPN Diethylaminopropionitrile
- N'-MBA N-N'-methylenebisacrylamide
- the additives required to lower the freezing point consist of a soluble mineral salt that is compatible with the gel-forming solution.
- Sodium silicate (water glass) or sodium chloride are suitable for this.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Glasbaustein, der mit einer lichtdurchlässigen, im wesentlichen aus Wasser bestehenden Flüssigkeit gefüllt ist.The invention relates to a glass block which is filled with a translucent liquid consisting essentially of water.
Sie umfasst ferner ein aus solchen Glasbausteinen aufgebautes Wandelement.It also includes a wall element constructed from such glass blocks.
Ein Glasbaustein der genannten Art ist aus der GB-PS Nr. 1495951 bekannt. Bei diesem bekannten Glasbaustein ist die Flüssigkeitsfüllung ausschliesslich aus ästhetischen Gründen vorgesehen. Die Flüssigkeit soll vorzugsweise gefärbt sein, und zur Erhöhung des ästhetischen Effektes sollen ausserdem zusätzliche prismatische Körper mit schrägen Flächen innerhalb des flüssigkeitsgefüllten Hohlraums vorgesehen sein, deren Reflexionswirkung den ästhetischen Effekt erhöht.A glass block of the type mentioned is known from GB-PS No. 1495951. In this known glass block, the liquid filling is provided exclusively for aesthetic reasons. The liquid should preferably be colored, and in order to increase the aesthetic effect, additional prismatic bodies with inclined surfaces within the liquid-filled cavity should also be provided, the reflective effect of which increases the aesthetic effect.
Es istferneraus der DE-U Nr. 1919272 bekannt, Kaschierungseinrichtungen aus Kunststoff, die auch für architektonische Zwecke, u.a. als Füllung in Türen, Fenstern usw. Verwendung finden sollen, als Hohlkörper auszubilden, sie zur Erhöhung der optischen wirkung mit einer farblosen oder gefärbten Flüssigkeit oder mit Wasser oder Gelatine zu füllen und der Flüssigkeit ggf. ein Frostschutzmittel zuzusetzen. Bei diesen bekannten Gegenständen handelt es sich nicht um tragende Bauelemente,sondern um nichttragende Dekorationsefemente.It is also known from DE-U No. 1919272, lamination devices made of plastic, which can also be used for architectural purposes, inter alia. should be used as a filling in doors, windows, etc., as hollow bodies, to fill them with a colorless or colored liquid or with water or gelatin to increase the visual effect, and if necessary add an anti-freeze to the liquid. These known objects are not structural components, but non-structural decorative elements.
Bekannt ist ferner aus der D E-AS Nr. 2360305 ein Speicherelement zur Wärmespeicherung in Gebäuden, das aus Glas besteht, mit Kristallsoda gefüllt ist und als Aussenwandbaustein verwendet wird. Kristallsoda als Füllmaterial hat aber den Nachteil, dass bei grösserer Schichtdicke, die für eine spürbare Speicherkapazität erforderlich ist, die Transmission des sichtbaren Lichtes sehr stark herabgesetzt wird, so dass ein solches Bauelement die Beleuchtungsfunktion nicht oder nur unvollständig erfüllt.It is also known from D E-AS No. 2360305 a storage element for heat storage in buildings, which consists of glass, is filled with crystal soda and is used as an outer wall module. However, crystal soda as the filler has the disadvantage that the transmission of visible light is reduced very much with a greater layer thickness, which is required for a noticeable storage capacity, so that such a component does not or only incompletely fulfills the lighting function.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen flüssigkeitsgefüllten Glasbaustein zu schaffen, der durch seine Flüssigkeitsfüllung in energietechnischer Hinsicht besonders günstige Eigenschaften aufweist. Insbesondere soll der flüssigkeitsgefüllte Glasbaustein gute wärmespeichernde Eigenschaften und gleichzeitig das für seinen praktischen Einsatz erforderliche gute Gebrauchsverhalten aufweisen.The invention has for its object to provide a liquid-filled glass block, which has particularly favorable properties in terms of energy technology due to its liquid filling. In particular, the liquid-filled glass block should have good heat-storing properties and, at the same time, the good usage behavior required for its practical use.
Der erfindungsgemässe Glasbaustein zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Füllung aus einem hoch wasserhaltigen Hydrogel mit einem Acrylsäurederivat wie Methacrylsäureamid oder Acrylamid als Gelbildner und einem wasserlöslichen Salz wie Natriumsilikat oder Natriumchlorid als den Gefrierpunkt erniedrigendem Zusatz besteht.The glass block according to the invention is characterized in that the filling consists of a highly water-containing hydrogel with an acrylic acid derivative such as methacrylic acid amide or acrylamide as a gel former and a water-soluble salt such as sodium silicate or sodium chloride as an additive which lowers the freezing point.
Der wesentliche Bestandteil der Flüssigkeitsfüllung ist erfindungsgemäss Wasser. Wasser hatverschiedene Eigenschaften, die für die passive Sonnenergienutzung in Bauwerken besonders interessantsind, nämlich eine hohe Wärmespeicherfähigkeit, eine hohe spezifische Wärme und eine hohe Absorptionsfähigkeit für Wärmestrahlung. Wegen seiner hervorragenden Wärmespeicherfähigkeit, die um das 2- bis 3fache über derjenigen normaler Bauteile liegt, ist seine Verwendung als Wärmespeichermedium an sich bekannt. Durch seine hohe spezifische Wärme, die fast viermal höher ist als die spezifische Wärme von Stahlbeton, ist Wasser in der Lage, eine verhältnismässig grosse Wärmemenge pro Volumeneinheit zu speichern. Und die guten Absorptionseigenschaften für Wärmestrahlung bei gleichzeitig hoher Transmission des sichtbaren Lichtes tragen dazu bei, dass die auftreffende Sonnenstrahlung zu einem relativ hohen Anteil zu der gewünschten Erwärmung des Wassers führt, während gleichzeitig die Durchsicht nicht merklich beeinträchtigt wird.According to the invention, the essential component of the liquid filling is water. Water has various properties that are of particular interest for the passive use of solar energy in buildings, namely a high heat storage capacity, a high specific heat and a high absorption capacity for heat radiation. Because of its excellent heat storage capacity, which is 2 to 3 times higher than that of normal components, its use as a heat storage medium is known per se. Due to its high specific heat, which is almost four times higher than the specific heat of reinforced concrete, water is able to store a relatively large amount of heat per unit volume. And the good absorption properties for heat radiation combined with high transmission of visible light contribute to the fact that the incident solar radiation leads to a relatively high proportion of the desired heating of the water, while at the same time the transparency is not noticeably impaired.
Durch die Füllung eines Hohlglasbausteins mit Wasser wird ein Bauelement mit einer stark temperaturausgleichenden Wirkung geschaffen. Bei Beaufschlagung mit der Sonnenstrahlung wird nämlich ein grosser Teil der Wärmestrahlung durch das Bauelement absorbiert, so dass der dahinter liegende Raum zunächst gegen diese Wärmestrahlung abgeschirmt wird. Die Wand erwärmt sich dabei langsam, speichert relativ viel Wärme und gibt sie später, wenn beispielsweise die direkte Sonneneinstrahlung aufgehört hat, noch über eine längere Zeit als langweilige Wärmestrahlung in den Raum ab. Infolge dieser Eigenschaften wirkt eine aus solchen Glasbausteinen aufgebaute Wand als Stabilisator derTemperatur bzw. des M i-krokfimas im Innern des Gebäudes und nutzt auf diese Weise in hervorragender Weise die natürliche Sonnenenergie aus.By filling a hollow glass block with water, a component with a strong temperature-compensating effect is created. When the solar radiation is applied, a large part of the heat radiation is absorbed by the component, so that the space behind it is initially shielded from this heat radiation. The wall warms up slowly, stores a relatively large amount of heat and later emits it into the room as boring heat radiation, for example when the direct sunlight has stopped. As a result of these properties, a wall made up of such glass blocks acts as a stabilizer of the temperature or the M i-krokfima inside the building and in this way makes excellent use of natural solar energy.
Da ein lediglich mit Wasser gefüllter Glasbaustein die erforderlichen Gebrauchseigenschaften nicht aufweisen würde, um als Bauelement zum Einsatz zu kommen, ist gemäss der Erfindung vorgesehen, als Füllung eine hoch wasserhaltige Lösung zu verwenden, die nach ihrem Einfüllen in den Hohlraum des Glasbausteins zu einem Hydrogel polymerisiert bzw. geliert, und deren Gefrierpunkt durch einen entsprechenden Zusatz um das gewünschte Mass herabgesetzt ist. Zur Gelbildung wird als bekannter Gelbildner ein Acrylsäurederivat zugesetzt. Die Gelbildung sorgt dafür, dass das Wasser gebunden wird, so dass es nicht auslaufen kann, wenn der Glasbaustein aus irgendwelchen Gründen undicht wird. Andererseits wird der im wesentlichen Wasser enthaltende Glasbaustein durch den den Gefrierpunkt erniedrigenden Zusatz frostsicher, so dass er auch in frostgefährdeten Regionen ohne Nachteile eingebaut werden kann.Since a glass block filled only with water would not have the required performance properties in order to be used as a component, it is provided according to the invention to use a highly water-containing solution as the filling, which polymerizes into a hydrogel after being filled into the cavity of the glass block or gelled, and the freezing point is reduced by an appropriate addition to the desired level. As a known gel former, an acrylic acid derivative is added to form a gel. The gel formation ensures that the water is bound so that it cannot leak if the glass block becomes leaky for any reason. On the other hand, the glass block, which essentially contains water, is frost-proof due to the addition that lowers the freezing point, so that it can also be installed in frost-prone regions without disadvantages.
Wenn man zur Herabsetzung des Gefrierpunktes ein wasserlösliches Salz wie Natriumsilikat oder Natriumchlorid in einer ausreichenden Menge von etwa 10 bis 30 Gew.-% verwendet, erreicht man noch den zusätzlichen Effekt, dass die feuerhemmenden Eigenschaften des Glasbausteins wesentlich verbessert werden. Denn nach dem Verdunsten des Wassers unter der Wirkung der Brandhitze bleibt dann ein schaumartiges Gerüst stehen, das im wesentlichen aus dem Salz besteht und das eine stark hitzeisolierende Wirkung ausübt.If a water-soluble salt such as sodium silicate or sodium chloride is used in a sufficient amount of about 10 to 30% by weight to lower the freezing point, the additional effect that the fire-retardant properties of the glass block are significantly improved is also achieved. After the water has evaporated under the action of the fire heat, a foam-like structure remains, which essentially consists of the salt and which has a highly heat-insulating effect.
Eine weitere Verbesserung der temperaturausgleichenden Wirkung lässt sich erzielen, wenn die Wärmeabgabe des Glasbausteins nach aussen herabgesetzt wird. Das lässt sich beispielsweise durch auf der Aussenseite mit Luftabstand angeordnete Glasscheiben, gegebenenfalls durch zusätzliche Isolierglasscheiben, erreichen. Die Wirkung dieser zusätzlichen transparenten Platten kann durch Oberflächenschichten, die die langwellige IR-Strahlung reflektieren, weiter erhöht werden. Auch ist es möglich, die Wärmeabgabe dieser Bauelemente nach aussen temporär nur dann einzudämmen, wenn keine Sonnenstrahlung einfällt, und zu diesem Zweck beispielsweise Rollläden oder andere Wärmeisolierkörper aussen vor die Glasbausteinwand vorzuschalten.A further improvement in the temperature-compensating effect can be achieved if the heat from the glass block is released to the outside is reduced. This can be achieved, for example, by glass panes arranged on the outside with an air gap, if necessary by additional insulating glass panes. The effect of these additional transparent plates can be further increased by surface layers which reflect the long-wave IR radiation. It is also possible to temporarily limit the heat emission of these components to the outside only when no solar radiation is incident, and for this purpose, for example, connect shutters or other heat insulating bodies in front of the glass block wall.
Als gelbildende Zusätze eignen sich Acrylsäurederivate wie Methacrylsäureamid und Acrylamid, oder Mischungen hiervon. Diese Stoffe polymerisieren in wässeriger Lösung, wobei man die Polymerisation mit Hilfe von Peroxyden oder Persalzen unter Zugabe eines Beschleunigers erreicht. Als Beschleuniger kommt beispielsweise Diäthylaminopropionitril (DEAPN) in Frage. Gegebenenfalls kann man der Lösung auch noch ein Vernetzungsmittel hinzufügen, beispielsweise N-N'-Methy- lenbisacrylamid (NN'-MBA).Acrylic acid derivatives such as methacrylic acid amide and acrylamide, or mixtures thereof, are suitable as gel-forming additives. These substances polymerize in aqueous solution, the polymerization being achieved using peroxides or persalts with the addition of an accelerator. Diethylaminopropionitrile (DEAPN), for example, can be used as an accelerator. If necessary, a crosslinking agent can also be added to the solution, for example N-N'-methylenebisacrylamide (NN'-MBA).
Die für die Herabsetzung des Gefrierpunktes erforderlichen Zusätze bestehen aus einem lösbaren Mineralsalz, das mit der gelbildenden Lösung kompatibel ist. Hierfür eignen sich unter anderem Natriumsilikat (Wasserglas) oder Natriumchlorid.The additives required to lower the freezing point consist of a soluble mineral salt that is compatible with the gel-forming solution. Sodium silicate (water glass) or sodium chloride are suitable for this.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT83105065T ATE16124T1 (en) | 1982-05-27 | 1983-05-21 | GLASS BUILDING FILLED WITH A LIQUID AND CONVERSION ELEMENT FROM SUCH GLASS BUILDING BLOCKS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3219863 | 1982-05-27 | ||
| DE19823219863 DE3219863A1 (en) | 1982-05-27 | 1982-05-27 | GLASS BLOCKS FILLED WITH A LIQUID AND WALL ELEMENT OF SUCH GLASS BLOCKS |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0095692A1 EP0095692A1 (en) | 1983-12-07 |
| EP0095692B1 true EP0095692B1 (en) | 1985-10-16 |
Family
ID=6164575
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP83105065A Expired EP0095692B1 (en) | 1982-05-27 | 1983-05-21 | Glass block filled with a liquid and wall element of such glass blocks |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0095692B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE16124T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3219863A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9401687D0 (en) * | 1994-01-28 | 1994-03-23 | Dow Corning Hansil Ltd | Improved building blocks |
| JP2006073991A (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2006-03-16 | Sony Corp | Electromagnetic wave suppressing material, electromagnetic wave suppressing device and electronic equipment |
| ES2322219B1 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2010-02-19 | Miguel Angel Abellan Ovide | GLASS PAVES HANDLING PROCEDURE. |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE765039C (en) * | 1937-12-28 | 1952-03-31 | Saint Gobain | Hollow glass brick, which is divided into several chambers and closed on all sides |
| AT224322B (en) * | 1958-03-19 | 1962-11-12 | Eberspaecher J | Wall or roof glazing |
| DE1919272U (en) * | 1964-05-30 | 1965-07-08 | Siemens Ag | LAMINATION DEVICE MADE OF PLASTIC FOR LIGHTING AND ARCHITECTURAL PURPOSES. |
| GB1495951A (en) * | 1974-01-03 | 1977-12-21 | Michaelis M | Wall structure |
| GB1585125A (en) * | 1976-07-26 | 1981-02-25 | Bfg Glassgroup | Vitreous building elements |
-
1982
- 1982-05-27 DE DE19823219863 patent/DE3219863A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1983
- 1983-05-21 EP EP83105065A patent/EP0095692B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-05-21 AT AT83105065T patent/ATE16124T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-05-21 DE DE8383105065T patent/DE3361025D1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0095692A1 (en) | 1983-12-07 |
| DE3361025D1 (en) | 1985-11-21 |
| DE3219863A1 (en) | 1983-12-01 |
| ATE16124T1 (en) | 1985-11-15 |
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