EP0095648B1 - Control device for printing machines - Google Patents

Control device for printing machines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0095648B1
EP0095648B1 EP83104826A EP83104826A EP0095648B1 EP 0095648 B1 EP0095648 B1 EP 0095648B1 EP 83104826 A EP83104826 A EP 83104826A EP 83104826 A EP83104826 A EP 83104826A EP 0095648 B1 EP0095648 B1 EP 0095648B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control device
digitally coded
coded information
printing machine
accordance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83104826A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0095648A3 (en
EP0095648A2 (en
Inventor
Anton Rodi
Jürgen Reithofer
Karlheinz Krestyn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
Original Assignee
Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Application filed by Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG filed Critical Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
Publication of EP0095648A2 publication Critical patent/EP0095648A2/en
Publication of EP0095648A3 publication Critical patent/EP0095648A3/en
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41FPRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0009Central control units
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41FPRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F31/00Inking arrangements or devices
    • B41F31/02Ducts, containers, supply or metering devices
    • B41F31/04Ducts, containers, supply or metering devices with duct-blades or like metering devices
    • B41F31/045Remote control of the duct keys

Definitions

  • control devices which contain a cassette drive, with the aid of which the setting values for the actuators for the ink layer thickness profile, which the printer has set by means of the control device on the printing press when a specific print job has been carried out, are written onto a magnetic tape so that this data available later for a repeat job. If the data stored on the magnetic tape cassette is read back into the control device after interim execution of other print jobs, the actuators for the ink layer thickness profile are reset by this data or information, so that no time-consuming tests are necessary to find the correct setting of the ink layer thickness profile.
  • the magnetic tape cassette described with the data is only suitable for resetting the same printing press, the data of which had originally been recorded, if need be, a technically completely identical printing press can be preset using the same cassette.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a way that the relevant information for the setting to be made, which can be communicated to the control device in any way, for example by a cable from a mainframe or by a memory transportable by the printer, such as the one mentioned Magnetic tape cassette, can be used for different printing machines.
  • the digital information is area coverage values that have been determined, for example, by an optical sheet measuring device from a technically flawlessly printed sheet or by a plate measuring device based on a finished printing plate, these cannot be used directly as setting values, but must first be converted into setting values.
  • the digital information is information that is characteristic of the setting values of a reference offset printing press, then this information can be used directly by the reference printing press mentioned to set the machine, by a printing press that is used by the Technically deviates from the reference printing machine, however, this information can only be used after a conversion, which is carried out by the computing device. It is advantageous to design the computing device so that it enables both the conversion of the area coverage values and the conversion of the information characteristic of the setting. In this fold, the computing device must somehow be informed of what type of information is being supplied to it.
  • the information about the area coverage value ie the information about the color requirement for the individual printing inks in each individual zone when a single print is carried out, can be communicated to the computing device in different ways.
  • the digital information can directly indicate the color requirement for the individual zones.
  • the digital information preferably contains data about the area coverage of the individual zone for each color and also an indication of the format to be printed, the print length being of particular interest here.
  • the area coverage is the proportion of the printing area of a color zone in comparison to the total area of the color zones. This value of the area coverage, taking into account the width of the ink zone and the length of the ink zone, namely the print length, gives the ink requirement.
  • the information about the format does not necessarily have to be communicated to the computing device in the same way as the area coverage values, in particular, this information about the format does not necessarily have to be present on a data carrier containing the area coverage values, although this is very advantageous, but the Format information could also be communicated directly to the computing device by the printer using a keyboard.
  • the data is standardized, regardless of which printing press is to be set by means of the data stored on magnetic tape, it is also possible that the storage of the data on the magnetic tape cassette does not necessarily have to take place within the operation of the printing house , in which the printing press is located, but this storage of data could also be carried out by a technical office that measures print templates using optical measuring devices and from the measured values determined either the above-mentioned information about the area coverage value and / or data about the setting values for the reference offset - Printing machine, which serves as the basis for the standard, is calculated and then saved on the magnetic tape. It is by no means necessary for the reference printing press mentioned to be an actually existing printing press, but it can also be an imaginary printing press with fixed technical properties that is not actually manufactured by a printing press manufacturer.
  • the reference offset printing press which serves as the basis for the standard can, in particular, be the largest machine within a machine program of a manufacturer if it is an actually existing machine. If, as already stated above and as is provided according to an embodiment of the invention, it is a machine that does not belong to the printing presses to be controlled according to the invention, the advantage lies in the fact that the technical data on which the standardization is based lying, can be maintained, even if changes are made to the printing press due to technical developments.
  • control device has a device which recognizes from the supplied digital information whether it is data designating the area coverage value or setting values for the reference printing press.
  • the control device has a device which recognizes whether it is connected to a sheet-fed printing press or a web-fed printing press.
  • a device which recognizes whether it is connected to a sheet-fed printing press or a web-fed printing press.
  • the computing device can adjust the zone correctly Do this by swapping the assignment of setting data to the zones of certain printing units in mirror image.
  • the color demand information replaced by the setting value information is overwritten.
  • the color requirement information originally present on the data carrier may relate, for example, to four printing colors (black, magenta, cyan, yellow).
  • the printing press is a printing press with only two printing units, which initially only prints the colors black and cyan in a first pass. After the data has been entered into the control device and the control device has determined from these setting values for the connected machine, the printer may have changed these setting values on the basis of his experience and observation of the printing result.
  • a portable digital memory in particular a magnetic tape cassette known per se, is used, the data transport for the printer becomes very simple and clear, and the data can be accessed very easily for individual print jobs.
  • a system is provided with a plurality of offset printing presses which differ technically from one another, between which the data for the setting values can be exchanged in the manner just described.
  • the aim is to remove the same amount of ink from the ink fountain per revolution of the plate cylinder, both for the reference machine on which the standardization is based and for the machine actually used.
  • the aim here is that the setting of the ink gap thicknesses, that is, the setting of the ink layer thickness profile, is changed as little as possible if nonlinearities are to be expected during the adjustment. In this case, the conversion is carried out as far as possible in such a way that the ductor stroke assumes a suitable value.
  • the corresponding mean color saturation during printing can be produced for a single color with a medium area coverage by choosing the ductor stroke to be very small and accordingly making the ink gap thickness relatively large, or by making the ink gap thickness relatively small is and accordingly the ink duct stroke relatively large, so that in both cases the same amount of ink is fed to the inking unit of the printing press per revolution of the plate cylinder.
  • the ductor stroke to be very small and accordingly making the ink gap thickness relatively large, or by making the ink gap thickness relatively small is and accordingly the ink duct stroke relatively large, so that in both cases the same amount of ink is fed to the inking unit of the printing press per revolution of the plate cylinder.
  • a large number of intermediate positions are possible.
  • the duct stroke or the ink gap thickness can generally no longer meet the above-mentioned limit values, so that the possible variations are reduced.
  • the algorithm entered into the computing device determines from the possible extreme positions that are conceivable for each individual ink zone, the extreme positions that are possible when considering all ink zones of a printing group, and then adjusts the ductor stroke and the ink gap thickness so that neither the ductor stroke nor the ink gap thickness of any zone exceeds empirically defined limit values.
  • the device is expediently designed in such a way that, when an approach to the above-mentioned limits occurs, which falls below a predetermined level, it emits a warning signal so that the printer can check what the approximation to the limit value is and possibly can take countermeasures.
  • the lifter cycle indicates how often the ink lifter performs its oscillating movement between the ink duct and the first roller of the inking unit. With the HD 102 machine, the paint lifter executes 0.5 movement cycles per machine revolution, or one full movement cycle with two machine revolutions.
  • control device therefore contains a device for recognizing the number of ink zones of the connected printing press.
  • the largest machine namely the one with the largest maximum printing length of 690 mm
  • the machine HD 102 is provided as the standard basis.
  • control device which is used, for example, to control a printing press of the MO type
  • digital data is supplied from a magnetic tape cassette, which are identified as setting values by a data word stored on the cassette, with these setting values in percent immediately for the If machine HD 102 could be used, these setting values, which characterize the duct stroke, must be multiplied by a factor of 1.345 for machine MO so that they can be used as setting values for machine MO.
  • the computing device carries out the following calculation process for each individual color zone: the area coverage is determined by the format length of the format to be printed multiplied and divided by the maximum print length of the HD 102 machine of 690 mm. This results in the area coverage for which the ink supply would have to be dimensioned for this special zone in the HD 102 machine, so that the format could be printed with the desired color saturation in a plate cylinder revolution.
  • the machines specified in Table 1 have essentially the same construction for setting the ink layer thickness profile, namely actuating cylinders of 32 mm in length driven by servomotors. Apart from their width, the technical properties of the ink fountains of all the machines mentioned are the same.
  • Another advantage of the invention lies in the fact that for printing on web presses the printing can take place on sheet-fed machines and the setting data determined thereby and transferred to the magnetic tape cassette can be used to set the web presses by means of the cassette.

Landscapes

  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Rotary Presses (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Steuervorrichtung gemäß den Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a control device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Eine derartige Vorrichtung zum Verstellen von Druckmaschinenstellgliedern, wie beispielsweise die Farbdosierelemente, ist z. B. der GB-A-2 080 201 gezeigt. Ebenso wird in der DE-A1 -3 111 264 (entspricht GB-A-2 073 663) eine Regeleinrichtung für Stellglieder an Druckmaschinen offenbart.Such a device for adjusting printing machine actuators, such as the ink metering elements, is e.g. GB-A-2 080 201. Likewise, DE-A1-3 111 264 (corresponds to GB-A-2 073 663) discloses a control device for actuators on printing machines.

Bei den aus den o.g. Schriften gezeigten technischen Lehren ist jedoch die Archivierung der entstandenen Daten für eine Wiederbenutzung (Wiederholauftrag), insbesondere auch an einer anderen Druckmaschine, nicht vorgesehen.In the case of the above However, the technical teachings shown in the documents are not intended to archive the resulting data for reuse (repeat order), in particular also on another printing press.

Es sind jedoch derartige Steuervorrichtungen bekannt, die ein Kassettenlaufwerk enthatten, mit dessen Hilfe die Einstellwerte für die Stellglieder für das Farbschichtdickenprofil, die der Drucker mittels der Steuervorrichtung auf der Druckmaschine bei Durchführung eines bestimmten Druckauftrags eingestellt hat, auf ein Magnetband geschrieben werden, damit diese Daten später für einen Wiederholauftag zur Verfügung stehen. Werden die auf der Magnetbandkassette gespeicherten Daten nach zwischenzeitlicher Ausführung anderer Druckaufträge wieder in die Steuervorrichtung eingelesen, so werden durch diese Daten oder Informationen die Stellglieder für das Farbschichtdickenprofil wieder eingestellt, so daß zum Finden der richtigen Einstellung des Farbschichtdickenprofils keine zeitraubenden Versuche nötig sind. Die mit den Daten beschriebene Magnetbandkassette ist nur dazu geeignet, dieselbe Druckmaschine, deren Daten ursprünglich aufgezeichnet worden waren, wieder einzustellen, allenfalls kann noch eine technisch vollkommen gleiche Druckmaschine mittels der gleichen Kassette voreingestellt werden.However, such control devices are known which contain a cassette drive, with the aid of which the setting values for the actuators for the ink layer thickness profile, which the printer has set by means of the control device on the printing press when a specific print job has been carried out, are written onto a magnetic tape so that this data available later for a repeat job. If the data stored on the magnetic tape cassette is read back into the control device after interim execution of other print jobs, the actuators for the ink layer thickness profile are reset by this data or information, so that no time-consuming tests are necessary to find the correct setting of the ink layer thickness profile. The magnetic tape cassette described with the data is only suitable for resetting the same printing press, the data of which had originally been recorded, if need be, a technically completely identical printing press can be preset using the same cassette.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Möglichkeit zu schaffen, daß die für die vorzunehmende Einstellung maßgeblichen Informationen, die der Steuervorrichtung auf beliebigem Wege mitgeteilt werden können, beispielsweise durch ein Kabel von einem Großrechner oder aber durch einen vom Drucker transportierbaren Speicher, wie die erwähnte Magnetbandkassette, für unterschiedliche Druckmaschinen verwendbar sind.The invention has for its object to provide a way that the relevant information for the setting to be made, which can be communicated to the control device in any way, for example by a cable from a mainframe or by a memory transportable by the printer, such as the one mentioned Magnetic tape cassette, can be used for different printing machines.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Wenn die digitalen Informationen Flächendeckungswerte sind, die beispielsweise von einem optischen Bogenmeßgerät von einem technisch einwandfrei gedruckten Bogen oder von einem Plattenmeßgerät aufgrund einer fertigen Druckplatte ermittelt wurden, können diese nicht unmittelbar als Einstellwerte verwendet werden, sondern müssen erst in Einstellwerte umgerechnet werden. Wenn es sich bei den digitalen Informationen um solche Informationen handelt, die für die Einstellwerte einer Referenz-Offset-Druckmaschine charakteristisch sind, so können diese Informationen von der genannten Referenz-Druckmaschine unmittelbar zur Einstellung der Maschine verwendet werden, von einer Druckmaschine, die von der Referenz-Druckmaschine technisch abweicht, können diese Informationen jedoch erst nach einer Umrechnung verwendet werden, die von der Recheneinrichtung vorgenommen wird. Es ist vorteilhaft, die Recheneinrichtung so auszubilden, daß sie sowohl die Umrechnung der Flächendeckungswerte als auch die Umrechnung der für die Einstellung charakteristischen Informationen ermöglicht. In diesem Falt muß der Recheneinrichtung irgendwie mitgeteilt werden, welche Art von Informationen ihr gerade zugeführt werden.If the digital information is area coverage values that have been determined, for example, by an optical sheet measuring device from a technically flawlessly printed sheet or by a plate measuring device based on a finished printing plate, these cannot be used directly as setting values, but must first be converted into setting values. If the digital information is information that is characteristic of the setting values of a reference offset printing press, then this information can be used directly by the reference printing press mentioned to set the machine, by a printing press that is used by the Technically deviates from the reference printing machine, however, this information can only be used after a conversion, which is carried out by the computing device. It is advantageous to design the computing device so that it enables both the conversion of the area coverage values and the conversion of the information characteristic of the setting. In this fold, the computing device must somehow be informed of what type of information is being supplied to it.

Da die Umrechnung in Abhängigkeit von den technischen Daten der an die Steuervorrichtung angeschlossenen Druckmaschine je nach Art dieser Druckmaschine zumindest in manchen Fällen abweichend erfolgen muß, kann gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung eine Einrichtung vorgesehen sein, die der Recheneinrichtung Angaben über relevante technische Daten der angeschlossenen Druckmaschine mitteilt. Eine derartige Einrichtung kann im einfachsten Fall ein Schaltkasten sein, an dem beim Anschluß der Steuervorrichtung an die Druckmaschine mittels Drehschaltern oder Kippschaltern oder sonstigen Betätigungsvorrichtungen Umschaltungen vorgenommen werden, die die Recheneinrichtung so steuern, daß sie die gewünschte Umrechnung, die auf die spezielle angeschlossene Druckmaschine abgestellt ist, vornimmt. Es fällt aber auch in den Rahmen der Erfindung, daß die geschilderte Einrichtung die Art der Druckmaschine selbsttätig feststellt und dementsprechend die Recheneinrichtung steuert. Die geschilderte Einrichtung, gleichgültig, ob sie selbsttätig arbeitet oder nicht, ist insbesondere deshalb von Vorteil, weil sie es ermöglicht, die Steuervorrichtung im Bedarfsfall mit einer anderen Druckmaschine eines Druckereibetriebes zu verbinden.Since the conversion depending on the technical data of the printing press connected to the control device, depending on the type of this printing press, has to be carried out differently at least in some cases, according to one embodiment of the invention, a device can be provided which provides the computing device with information about relevant technical data of the connected printing press communicates. In the simplest case, such a device can be a switch box on which, when the control device is connected to the printing press, switches are made by means of rotary switches or toggle switches or other actuating devices, which control the computing device in such a way that it switches the desired conversion to the special connected printing press is doing. However, it also falls within the scope of the invention that the device described automatically determines the type of printing press and accordingly controls the computing device. The device described, regardless of whether it works automatically or not, is particularly advantageous because it enables the control device to be connected to another printing press of a printing company if necessary.

Die Information über den Flächendeckungswert, also die Information über den Farbbedarf für die einzelnen Druckfarben in jeder einzelnen Zone bei Ausführung eines einzigen Drucks kann der Recheneinrichtung in unterschiedlicher Weise mitgeteilt werden. So können die digitalen Informationen unmittelbar den Farbbedarf für die einzelnen Zonen angeben. Bevorzugt enthalten aber die digitalen Informationen Daten über die flächendeckung der einzelnen Zone je Farbe und zusätzlich eine Angabe für das zu druckende Format, wobei hier insbesondere die Drucklänge interessiert. Die Flächendeckung ist bekanntlich der Anteil der druckenden Fläche einer Farbzone im Vergleich zur gesamten Fläche der Farbzonen. Aus diesem Wert der Flächendeckung ergibt sich unter Berücksichtigung der Breite der Farbzone und der Länge der Farbzone, nämlich der Drucklänge, der Farbbedarf. Die Angaben über das Format, insbesondere die Drucklänge, müssen der Rechenvorrichtung nicht unbedingt auf dem gleichen Wege mitgeteilt werden wie die Flächendeckungswerte, insbesondere müssen diese Angaben über das Format nicht unbedingt auf einem die Flächendeckungswerte enthaltenden Datenträger Vorhandensein, wenngleich dies sehr vorteilhaft ist, sondern die Formatangaben könnten der Rechenvorrichtung auch unmittelbar vom Drucker mittels einer Tastatur mitgeteilt werden.The information about the area coverage value, ie the information about the color requirement for the individual printing inks in each individual zone when a single print is carried out, can be communicated to the computing device in different ways. In this way, the digital information can directly indicate the color requirement for the individual zones. However, the digital information preferably contains data about the area coverage of the individual zone for each color and also an indication of the format to be printed, the print length being of particular interest here. As is known, the area coverage is the proportion of the printing area of a color zone in comparison to the total area of the color zones. This value of the area coverage, taking into account the width of the ink zone and the length of the ink zone, namely the print length, gives the ink requirement. The information about the format, in particular the print length, does not necessarily have to be communicated to the computing device in the same way as the area coverage values, in particular, this information about the format does not necessarily have to be present on a data carrier containing the area coverage values, although this is very advantageous, but the Format information could also be communicated directly to the computing device by the printer using a keyboard.

Der Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, daß die gleiche Information, von der der Einfachheit halber jetzt immer angenommen werden soll, daß sie auf einer Magnetbandkassette gespeichert ist, von den Steuervorrichtungen der unterschiedlichsten Druckmaschinen ausgewertet werden kann, weil jede dieser Steuervorrichtungen die Informationen auf die mit der entsprechenden Steuervorrichtung verbundene spezielle Druckmaschine umrechnet. Der Rechenvorrichtung müssen lediglich bei der Herstellung oder durch einen Programmiervorgang ein Algorithmus zur Umwandtung der Angaben über den Flächendeckungswert in Stellwerte für das Farbschichtdickenprofil und den Duktorhub und Kennwerte für die angeschlossene Druckmaschine bzw. Angaben über die Eigenschaften der Referenz-Offset-Druckmaschine, wiederum zusammen mit Angaben über die Eigenschaften der angeschlossenen Druckmaschine, zugeführt werden. Da unabhängig davon, welche Druckmaschine mittels der auf Magnetband gespeicherten Daten eingestellt werden soll, die Daten immer dieselben sind, die Daten also normiert sind, ist es auch möglich, daß die Abspeicherung der Daten auf die Magnetbandkassette nicht unbedingt innerhalb des Betriebs der Druckerei erfolgen muß, in der die Druckmaschine steht, sondern diese Abspeicherung von Daten könnte auch durch ein technisches Büro erfolgen, das Druckvorlagen mittels optischer Meßgeräte mißt und aus den festgestellten Meßwerten entweder die obengenannten Angaben über den Flächendeckungswert und/oder Daten über die Einstellwerte für die Referenz-Offset-Druckmaschine, die als Normgrundlage dient, errechnet und dann auf dem Magnetband abspeichert. Es ist keineswegs erforderlich, daß die genannte Referenzdruckmaschine eine tatsächlich existierende Druckmaschine ist, sondern es kann sich hierbei auch um eine tatsächlich von keinem Druckmaschinenhersteller hergestellte gedachte Druckmaschine mit festliegenden technischen Eigenschaften handeln.The advantage of the invention is that the same information, for the sake of simplicity, now always it is to be assumed that it is stored on a magnetic tape cassette and can be evaluated by the control devices of the most varied printing machines, because each of these control devices converts the information onto the special printing machine connected to the corresponding control device. The computer only needs an algorithm during the manufacture or through a programming process to convert the information about the area coverage value into control values for the ink layer thickness profile and the ductor stroke and characteristic values for the connected printing press or information about the properties of the reference offset printing press, again together with Information about the properties of the connected printing press can be supplied. Since the data is always the same, i.e. the data is standardized, regardless of which printing press is to be set by means of the data stored on magnetic tape, it is also possible that the storage of the data on the magnetic tape cassette does not necessarily have to take place within the operation of the printing house , in which the printing press is located, but this storage of data could also be carried out by a technical office that measures print templates using optical measuring devices and from the measured values determined either the above-mentioned information about the area coverage value and / or data about the setting values for the reference offset - Printing machine, which serves as the basis for the standard, is calculated and then saved on the magnetic tape. It is by no means necessary for the reference printing press mentioned to be an actually existing printing press, but it can also be an imaginary printing press with fixed technical properties that is not actually manufactured by a printing press manufacturer.

Der Vorteil liegt darin, daß unabhängig davon, von welcher Druckmaschine innerhalb eines Betriebs die auf der Magnetbandkassette enthaltenen Daten stammen, diese Magnetbandkassette bei jeder anderen beliebigen Druckmaschine, die mit der erfindungsgemäßen Steuervorrichtung ausgestattet ist, verwendet werden kann. Es versteht sich, daß einem derartigen Austausch der für die Voreinstellung wichtigen Daten zwischen unterschiedlichen Druckmaschinen insofern natürliche Grenzen gezogen sind, als eine großformatige Druckvorlage nur auf einer Druckmaschine gedruckt werden kann, die zum Drucken eines derartigen Formats eingerichtet ist.The advantage lies in the fact that regardless of which printing machine within a company the data contained on the magnetic tape cassette comes from, this magnetic tape cassette can be used with any other printing machine that is equipped with the control device according to the invention. It goes without saying that such an exchange of the data important for the presetting between different printing presses is drawn to the extent that a large-format print template can only be printed on a printing press which is set up to print such a format.

Die Normgrundlage dienende Referenz-Offset-Druckmaschine kann dann, wenn es sich um eine tatsächlich existierende Maschine handelt, insbesondere die größte Maschine innerhalb eines Maschinenprogramms eines Herstellers sein. Wenn es sich, wie oben bereits angegeben und wie gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung vorgesehen ist, um eine Maschine handelt, die nicht zu den gemäß der Erfindung zu steuernden Druckmaschinen gehört, so liegt der Vorteil darin, daß die technischen Daten, die der Normung zugrunde liegen, beibehalten werden können, auch wenn infolge technischer Weiterentwicklung Änderungen an den Druckmaschinen vorgenommen werden.The reference offset printing press which serves as the basis for the standard can, in particular, be the largest machine within a machine program of a manufacturer if it is an actually existing machine. If, as already stated above and as is provided according to an embodiment of the invention, it is a machine that does not belong to the printing presses to be controlled according to the invention, the advantage lies in the fact that the technical data on which the standardization is based lying, can be maintained, even if changes are made to the printing press due to technical developments.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Steuervorrichtung eine Einrichtung auf, die aus den zugeführten digitalen Informationen erkennt, ob es sich um den Flächendeckungswert bezeichnende Daten oder um Einstellwerte für die Referenzdruckmaschine handelt.In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the control device has a device which recognizes from the supplied digital information whether it is data designating the area coverage value or setting values for the reference printing press.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Steuervorrichtung eine Einrichtung auf, die erkennt, ob sie an einer Bogendruckmaschine oder einer Rollendruckmaschine angeschlossen ist. Dies ist deshalb von Vorteil, weil bei den Rollendruckmaschinen nach herkömmlicher Übung die Farbzonen, von einem Ende der Maschine aus betrachtet, alle in der gleichen Weise durchgezählt sind, beispielsweise von links nach rechts, unabhängig davon, ob es sich um ein die Papierbahn von unten oder von oben bedruckendes Druckwerk handelt. Dies erfordert bei herkömmlichen Rollenmaschinen beim Drucker ein Umdenken, wenn er beispielsweise am linken Rand einer Druckvorlage die Farbzoneneinstellung verändern will, weil dies je nach Druckwerk eine Änderung beispielsweise im Bereich der Zone 1 oder der Zone 32 bedeuten kann. Dadurch, daß die Steuervorrichtung erkennt, daß es sich um eine Rollenmaschine handelt, und dadurch, daß ihr außerdem mitgeteilt ist, welche Farben von einem die Bahn von unten bzw. von oben bedruckenden Druckwerk verarbeitet werden, kann erfindungsgemäß die Recheneinrichtung die Zoneneinstellung in der richtigen Weise vornehmen, indem sie die Zuordnung von Einstelldaten zu den Zonen bestimmter Druckwerke spiegelbildlich vertauscht.According to one embodiment of the invention, the control device has a device which recognizes whether it is connected to a sheet-fed printing press or a web-fed printing press. This is advantageous because, in the case of web presses according to conventional practice, the ink zones, viewed from one end of the machine, are all counted in the same way, for example from left to right, regardless of whether the web is from below or printing unit printing from above. With conventional web presses, this requires a rethink in the printer, for example if he wants to change the color zone setting on the left edge of a print template, because depending on the printing unit, this can mean a change, for example in the area of zone 1 or zone 32. Because the control device recognizes that it is a reel machine and because it is also informed which colors are being processed by a printing unit printing the web from below or from above, the computing device according to the invention can adjust the zone correctly Do this by swapping the assignment of setting data to the zones of certain printing units in mirror image.

Bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der für den Flächendeckungswert charakteristische Informationen aus einem Datenspeicher in die Steuervorrichtung eingegeben werden und die von der Steuervorrichtung ausgegebenen Einstellwertinformationen wieder in den Datenspeicher gespeichert werden, ist vorgesehen, daß die durch die Einstellwertinformationen ersetzten Farbbedarfinformationen überschrieben werden. Die auf dem Datenträger ursprünglich vorhandenen Farbbedarfsinformationen mögen beispielsweise vier Druckfarben (Schwarz, Magenta, Cyan, Gelb) betreffen. Bei der Druckmaschine handelt es sich um eine Druckmaschine mit nur zwei Druckwerken, die in einem ersten Durchlauf zunächst nur die Farben Schwarz und Cyan druckt. Der Drucker hat, nachdem die Daten in die Steuervorrichtung eingegeben waren und die Steuervorrichtung aus diesen Einstellwerte für die angeschlossene Maschine ermittelt hat, diese Einstellwerte möglicherweise aufgrund seiner Erfahrung und Beobachtung des Druckergebnisses noch geändert. Beim Abspeichern dieser Einstellwerte auf dem Magnetband, wobei in der oben geschilderten Weise wieder eine Umrechnung auf die vorgegebene Maschine erfolgt, werden dabei nur die den Farben Schwarz und Cyan entsprechenden Farbbedarfdaten überschrieben, nicht jedoch die die beiden noch nicht gedruckten Farben betreffenden Information. Es ist also ein selektives Überschreiben der auf dem Datenträger enthaltenen Informationen möglich. Der Vorteil der geschilderten Ausführungsform wird darin gesehen, daß mitunter die von einem erfahrenen Drucker ermittelten und abgespeicherten Einstellwerte schneller zu einem optimalen Druckerzeugnis führen als die aus dem Flächenbedarf durch die Recheneinrichtung ermittelten Einstellwerte.In one embodiment of the invention, in which information characteristic of the area coverage value is entered into the control device from a data memory and the setting value information output by the control device is stored again in the data memory, it is provided that the color demand information replaced by the setting value information is overwritten. The color requirement information originally present on the data carrier may relate, for example, to four printing colors (black, magenta, cyan, yellow). The printing press is a printing press with only two printing units, which initially only prints the colors black and cyan in a first pass. After the data has been entered into the control device and the control device has determined from these setting values for the connected machine, the printer may have changed these setting values on the basis of his experience and observation of the printing result. When these setting values are saved on the magnetic tape, with a conversion to the specified machine again in the manner described above, only the color requirement data corresponding to the colors black and cyan are overwritten, but not the information relating to the two colors which have not yet been printed. It is therefore possible to selectively overwrite the information contained on the data carrier. The advantage of the described embodiment is seen in the fact that sometimes the setting values ascertained and stored by an experienced printer are faster to an optimal one Print product lead as the setting values determined from the space requirement by the computing device.

Wird gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ein transportabler Digitalspeicher, insbesondere eine an sich bekannte Magnetbandkassette, verwendet, so wird hierdurch der Datentransport für den Drucker sehr einfach und übersichtlich, und der Zugriff zu den Daten für einzelne Druckaufträge ist sehr einfach möglich.If, according to one embodiment of the invention, a portable digital memory, in particular a magnetic tape cassette known per se, is used, the data transport for the printer becomes very simple and clear, and the data can be accessed very easily for individual print jobs.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist ein System mit mehreren technisch voneinander abweichenden Offset-Druckmaschinen vorgesehen, zwischen denen die Daten für die Einstellwerte in der soeben geschilderten Weise austauschbar sind.According to one embodiment of the invention, a system is provided with a plurality of offset printing presses which differ technically from one another, between which the data for the setting values can be exchanged in the manner just described.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung, und aus den Ansprüchen. Die einzelnen Merkmale können je einzeln für sich oder zu mehreren in beliebiger Kombination bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung verwirklicht sein.Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention and from the claims. The individual features can each be implemented individually or in groups in any combination in one embodiment of the invention.

Bei der Umrechnung der Daten auf die tatsächlich verwendete Druckmaschine wird angestrebt, daß pro Umdrehung des Plattenzylinders sowohl bei der der Normung zugrundeliegenden Referenz-Maschine als auch bei der tatsächlich verwendeten Maschine die gleiche Farbmenge aus dem Farbkasten entnommen wird. Dabei wird angestrebt, daß die Einstellung der Farbspaltdicken, also die Einstellung des Farbschichtdickenprofils, möglichst wenig geändert wird, falls bei der Verstellung mit Nichtliniearitäten gerechnet werden muß. In diesem Fall erfolgt die Umrechnung also soweit wie möglich in der Weise, daß der Duktorhub einen geeigneten Wert annimmt.When converting the data to the printing press actually used, the aim is to remove the same amount of ink from the ink fountain per revolution of the plate cylinder, both for the reference machine on which the standardization is based and for the machine actually used. The aim here is that the setting of the ink gap thicknesses, that is, the setting of the ink layer thickness profile, is changed as little as possible if nonlinearities are to be expected during the adjustment. In this case, the conversion is carried out as far as possible in such a way that the ductor stroke assumes a suitable value.

Wenn nur eine einzige Farbzone betrachtet wird, so kann bei einer einzigen Farbe mit einer mittleren Flächendeckung die entsprechende mittlere Farbsättigung beim Druck dadurch erzeugt werden, daß der Duktorhub sehr klein gewählt und dementsprechend die Farbspaltdicke relativ groß gemacht wird, oder daß die Farbspaltdicke relativ klein gemacht wird und dementsprechend der Farbduktorhub relativ groß, so daß in beiden Fällen pro Umdrehung des Plattenzylinders die gleiche Farbmenge dem Farbwerk der Druckmaschine zugeführt wird. Es sind neben diesen beiden möglichen Extremstellungen eine Vielzahl von Zwischenstellungen möglich. Da jedoch beim Herstellen eines Drucks eine Vielzahl von nebeneinander angeordneten Farbzonen beteiligt ist, beispielsweise 16 Farbzonen oder 32 Farbzonen, und da der Duktor allen Farbzonen eines Druckwerks gemeinsam ist, kann im allgemeinen der Duktorhub oder die Farbspaltdicke die obengenannten Grenzwerte nicht mehr einnehmen, so daß die Variationsmöglichkeiten verringert sind. Der der Recheneinrichtung eingegebene Algorithmus ermittelt aus den möglichen Extremstellungen, die für jede einzelne Farbzone denkbar sind, die Extremstellungen, die bei Betrachtung aller Farbzonen eines Druckwerks insgesamt möglich sind, und stellt dann den Duktorhub und die Farbspaltdicke so ein, daß weder beim Duktorhub noch bei der Farbspaltdicke irgendeiner Zone eine Überschreitung empirisch festgelegter Grenzwerte eintritt. Die Vorrichtung ist zweckmäßgerweise so ausgebildet, daß sie dann, wenn eine Annäherung an die genannten Grenzen eintritt, die ein vorbestimmtes Maß unterschreitet, ein Warnsignal abgibt, damit der Drucker überprüfen kann, worauf die Annäherung an den Grenzwert zurückzuführen ist und möglicherweise Gegenmaßnahmen treffen kann.If only a single color zone is considered, the corresponding mean color saturation during printing can be produced for a single color with a medium area coverage by choosing the ductor stroke to be very small and accordingly making the ink gap thickness relatively large, or by making the ink gap thickness relatively small is and accordingly the ink duct stroke relatively large, so that in both cases the same amount of ink is fed to the inking unit of the printing press per revolution of the plate cylinder. In addition to these two possible extreme positions, a large number of intermediate positions are possible. However, since a large number of ink zones arranged next to one another are involved in the production of a print, for example 16 ink zones or 32 ink zones, and since the ductor is common to all ink zones of a printing unit, the duct stroke or the ink gap thickness can generally no longer meet the above-mentioned limit values, so that the possible variations are reduced. The algorithm entered into the computing device determines from the possible extreme positions that are conceivable for each individual ink zone, the extreme positions that are possible when considering all ink zones of a printing group, and then adjusts the ductor stroke and the ink gap thickness so that neither the ductor stroke nor the ink gap thickness of any zone exceeds empirically defined limit values. The device is expediently designed in such a way that, when an approach to the above-mentioned limits occurs, which falls below a predetermined level, it emits a warning signal so that the printer can check what the approximation to the limit value is and possibly can take countermeasures.

In der Tabelle 1 sind hier interessierende Daten mehrerer Druckmaschinen der Anmelderin angegeben. Bei den drei letzten Typen HR 5E, HR 5U und HR 5J handelt es sich um Rollenmaschinen, in den anderen Fällen um Bogenmaschinen. Die in Spalte 2 der Tabelle 1 angegebene maximale Drucklänge entspricht dem Umfang des Plattenzylinders vermindert um denjenigen Bereich, der zum Einspannen der Druckplatte erforderlich ist, und um den nicht druckenden Bereich der Druckplatte in Umfangsrichtung gemessen. Die in Spalte 3 angegebene Farbstreifenlänge, wobei 95 % der maximal möglichen Länge angegeben sind, ergibt sich aus dem Drehwinkel der Duktorwalze, die diese bei einem Hub ausführt, unter Berücksichtigung des Radius der Duktorwalze. Der Hebertakt gibt an, wie oft der Farbheber seine Pendelbewegung zwischen dem Farbduktor und der ersten Walze des Farbwerks ausführt. Bei der Maschine HD 102 führt der Farbheber 0,5 Bewegungsspiele pro Maschinenumdrehung aus, oder ein volles Bewegungsspiel bei zwei Maschinenumdrehungen.In Table 1, data of interest from several of the applicant's printing presses are given here. The last three types HR 5E, HR 5U and HR 5J are roll machines, in the other cases they are sheet machines. The maximum printing length indicated in column 2 of Table 1 corresponds to the circumference of the plate cylinder minus the area required for clamping the printing plate and measured in the circumferential direction by the non-printing area of the printing plate. The color strip length given in column 3, whereby 95% of the maximum possible length is given, results from the angle of rotation of the duct roller which executes it in one stroke, taking into account the radius of the duct roller. The lifter cycle indicates how often the ink lifter performs its oscillating movement between the ink duct and the first roller of the inking unit. With the HD 102 machine, the paint lifter executes 0.5 movement cycles per machine revolution, or one full movement cycle with two machine revolutions.

Die Farbzonenanzahl in Spalte 5 ist für die hier interessierenden Berechnungsvorgänge an sich von geringerem Interesse; bei den hier angegebenen Maschinen der Anmelderin läßt sich jedoch aus der Farbzonenanzahl eindeutig auf die Farbstreifenlänge des Farbduktors schließen. Die Steuervorrichtung enthält daher beim Ausführungsbeispiel eine Vorrichtung zum Erkennen der Farbzonenanzahl der angeschlossenen Druckmaschine.The number of color zones in column 5 is of lesser interest per se for the calculation processes of interest here; in the case of the machines specified by the applicant, however, the number of ink zones clearly indicates the ink strip length of the ink ductor. In the exemplary embodiment, the control device therefore contains a device for recognizing the number of ink zones of the connected printing press.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist die größte Maschine, nämlich diejenige mit der größten maximalen Drucklänge von 690 mm, die Maschine HD 102 als Normgrundlage vorgesehen.In the exemplary embodiment, the largest machine, namely the one with the largest maximum printing length of 690 mm, the machine HD 102 is provided as the standard basis.

Die Spalte K (Format) gibt das Verhältnis der maximalen Drucklänge der einzelnen Druckmaschinen zu der maximalen Drucklänge der Maschine HD 102 an. Die Spalte K (Maschine) enthält Faktoren, die sich errechnen aus der in Spalte 3 angegebenen Farbstreifenlänge der Maschine HD 102, multipliziert mit dem Hebertakt der Maschine HD 102 und dividiert durch die Farbstreifenlänge und den Hebertakt der jeweiligen anderen Druckmaschine.Column K (format) indicates the ratio of the maximum print length of the individual printing presses to the maximum print length of the HD 102 press. Column K (machine) contains factors which are calculated from the color strip length of the machine HD 102 specified in column 3, multiplied by the lifting stroke of the machine HD 102 and divided by the color strip length and the lifting stroke of the respective other printing press.

Werden der erfindungsgemäßen Steuervorrichtung, die beispielsweise zur Steuerung einer Druckmaschine des Typs MO eingesetzt wird, von einer Magnetbandkassette digitale Daten zugeführt, die durch ein auf der Kassette abgespeichertes Datenwort als Einstellwerte kenntlich gemacht sind, wobei gemäß den obigen Ausführungen diese Einstellwerte in Prozent unmittelbar für die Maschine HD 102 verwendbar wären, so sind diese Einstellwerte, die den Duktorhub kennzeichnen, bei der Maschine MO mit dem Faktor 1,345 zu multiplizieren, um als Einstellwerte für die Maschine MO verwendet werden zu können.If the control device according to the invention, which is used, for example, to control a printing press of the MO type, digital data is supplied from a magnetic tape cassette, which are identified as setting values by a data word stored on the cassette, with these setting values in percent immediately for the If machine HD 102 could be used, these setting values, which characterize the duct stroke, must be multiplied by a factor of 1.345 for machine MO so that they can be used as setting values for machine MO.

Hat der Drucker während des Druckens möglicherweise von Hand Korrekturen in den Einstellungen vorgenommen und will er diese Einstellwerte wieder auf das Magnetband abspeichern, so bewirkt die Rechenvorrichtung eine Division der Stellung der Farbduktoren durch die Zahl 1,345, bevor diese Einstellwerte für die Farbduktoren ausgegeben werden. Bei dieser Umrechnung mit dem Faktor 1,345 wurde davon ausgegangen, daß die digitalen Daten für das Farbschichtdickenprofil, also die Einstellung der Stellzylinder des Farbmessers jedes einzelnen Druckwerks, die vom Magnetband gelesen werden, unverändert zur Einstellung der Stellzylinder der Maschine MO verwendet werden.If the printer may have made manual adjustments to the settings during printing and wants to save these settings back onto the magnetic tape, this will result in Calculating device divides the position of the color ductors by the number 1.345 before these setting values are output for the color ductors. This conversion with a factor of 1.345 was based on the assumption that the digital data for the ink layer thickness profile, i.e. the setting of the actuating cylinders of the ink knife of each printing unit, which are read from the magnetic tape, are used unchanged for adjusting the actuating cylinders of the machine MO.

Werden der Steuervorrichtung vom Magnetband Farbbedarfswerte zugeführt, im Beispiel Flächendeckungswerte für die einzelnen Zonen je Farbe und eine Angabe über die Länge des zu druckenden Formats, so führt die Rechenvorrichtung für jede einzelne Farbzone folgenden Rechnungsvorgang aus: Die Flächendeckung wird mit der Formatlänge des zu druckenden Formats multipliziert und durch die maximale Drucklänge der Maschine HD 102 von 690 mm dividiert. Hieraus ergibt sich diejenige Flächendeckung, für die für diese spezielle Zone bei der Maschine HD 102 die Farbzufuhr bemessen werden müßte, damit bei einem Plattenzylinderumlauf das Format mit der gewünschten Farbsättigung gedruckt werden könnte. Aus diesen für die Maschine HD 102 durch die soeben geschilderte Rechnung ermittelten einzelnen Zonenwerten für die Flächendeckung werden in der oben geschilderten Weise die möglichen Grenzwerte des Duktorhubs und der Farbschichtdicken ermittelt und aus der Überlagerung der Werte für alle Farbzonen, die bei dem zu druckenden Format zu berücksichtigen sind, wird in der oben geschilderten Weise der Duktorhub und die Farbschichtdicke ermittelt. Der Duktorhub, der in diesem Stadium des Rechenvorgangs nur für die Maschine HD 102 gilt, wird dann unter Verwendung des Faktors K (Maschine) in den Duktorhub für die im speziellen Fall interessierende Druckmaschine umgerechnet.If the control device is supplied with color requirement values from the magnetic tape, in the example area coverage values for the individual zones per color and an indication of the length of the format to be printed, the computing device carries out the following calculation process for each individual color zone: the area coverage is determined by the format length of the format to be printed multiplied and divided by the maximum print length of the HD 102 machine of 690 mm. This results in the area coverage for which the ink supply would have to be dimensioned for this special zone in the HD 102 machine, so that the format could be printed with the desired color saturation in a plate cylinder revolution. From these individual zone values for the area coverage determined for the machine HD 102 by the calculation just described, the possible limit values for the duct stroke and the ink layer thicknesses are determined in the manner described above, and from the superimposition of the values for all ink zones, which apply to the format to be printed are taken into account, the duct stroke and the ink layer thickness are determined in the manner described above. The ductor stroke, which at this stage of the calculation process only applies to the machine HD 102, is then converted into the ductor stroke for the printing press of particular interest using the factor K (machine).

Die in Tabelle 1 angegebenen Maschinen haben im wesentlichen die gleiche Konstruktion zum Einstellen des farbschichtdickenprofils, nämlich Stellzylinder von 32 mm Länge mit Antrieb durch Stellmotoren. Die technischen Eigenschaften der Farbkästen aller genannten Maschinen sind, abgesehen von ihrer Breite, gleich. Ein Vorteil der Erfindung liegt noch darin, daß zum Drucken auf Rollenmaschinen der Andruck auf Bogenmaschinen erfolgen kann und die dabei ermittelten und auf die Magnetbandkassette übertragenen Einstelldaten mittels der Kassette zum Einstellen der Rollenmaschinen verwendet werden können.

Figure imgb0001
The machines specified in Table 1 have essentially the same construction for setting the ink layer thickness profile, namely actuating cylinders of 32 mm in length driven by servomotors. Apart from their width, the technical properties of the ink fountains of all the machines mentioned are the same. Another advantage of the invention lies in the fact that for printing on web presses the printing can take place on sheet-fed machines and the setting data determined thereby and transferred to the magnetic tape cassette can be used to set the web presses by means of the cassette.
Figure imgb0001

Claims (10)

1. Control device for setting the adjusting elements of a printing machine, in particular the elements for adjusting the ink thickness profile and/or the wet layer thickness profile and/or the ductor stroke of an offset printing machine, with a computing device for analysing standardised digitally coded information, whereby the information is independent of the characteristics of the printing machine being controlled and is not directly suitable for setting purposes, from which information the computing device generates setting figures for the adjusting elements which may in particular be powered by servomotors, and with a device for outputting digitally coded information corresponding to the current actual position of the adjusting elements of the printing machine,
characterised in that the control device is so designed and constructed that the digitally coded information corresponding to the current actual position of the adjusting elements of the printing machine to be set is provided at an output of the control device in the form of standardised, digitally coded information.
2. Control device in accordance with claim 1,
characterised in that the digitally coded information fed to the control device corresponds to the setting values of a (possibly fictitious) reference printing machine which may be technically different to the machine being controlled, or that the digitally coded information corresponds to the surface coverage data of a specimen master sheet.
3. Control device in accordance with one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that it incorporates a device which communicates to the computing device the relevant technical data of the printing machine connected to it and which it is desired to set up.
4. Control device in accordance with one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that it incorporates a device capable of detecting from the digitally coded information fed into it whether this information comprises surface coverage data or setting values.
5. Control device in accordance with one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that it incorporates a device for mirror-symmetrical conversion (with respect to the specimen master sheet or to the print made by the reference printing machine) the digitally coded information corresponding to the coverage data or setting values of individual zones.
6. Control device in accordance with one of the preceding claims, in which the digitally coded information fed to the control device corresponds to coverage data entered into the control device from a data memory,
characterised in that the information in the data memory is subsequently overwritten by the digitally coded information output from the control device corresponding to the current actual setting values of the printing machine being controlled.
7. Control device in accordance with one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that it has a device for detecting whether the setting values calculated by the computing device exceed a pre-determined limit value and in such case outputting a signal.
8. Control device in accordance with one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that the control device has a read/write device for a portable digital data storage medium, in particular a magnetic tape cassette.
9. System with several technically different offset printing machines each having a control device in accordance with claim 2,
characterised in that the control devices of all the offset printing machines of the system are fed with identical digitally coded information from a single reference printing machine.
10. System in accordance with claim 8,
characterised in that the offset printing machines of the system are of largely identical design in respect of setting the ink thickness profile.
EP83104826A 1982-05-29 1983-05-17 Control device for printing machines Expired EP0095648B1 (en)

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DE10223479B4 (en) * 2001-07-06 2010-05-27 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Method for color control of a printing press based on device-independent color values
DE102005031391B4 (en) * 2004-07-05 2010-02-18 Ryobi Ltd., Fuchu Printing press and method for controlling a ink transfer roller

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JPH0470146B2 (en) 1992-11-10
DK236983A (en) 1983-11-30
DE3220377C2 (en) 1991-05-08
AU570203B2 (en) 1988-03-10
CA1224668A (en) 1987-07-28
DK236983D0 (en) 1983-05-26
DE3380766D1 (en) 1989-11-30
NO831905L (en) 1983-11-30
ES8402207A1 (en) 1984-02-01
JPS58219059A (en) 1983-12-20
ES522084A0 (en) 1984-02-01
DE3220377A1 (en) 1983-12-01
EP0095648A3 (en) 1985-11-21
AU1469783A (en) 1983-12-01
EP0095648A2 (en) 1983-12-07
ZA833151B (en) 1984-01-25

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