EP0094307B1 - Jet mills - Google Patents

Jet mills Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0094307B1
EP0094307B1 EP83400913A EP83400913A EP0094307B1 EP 0094307 B1 EP0094307 B1 EP 0094307B1 EP 83400913 A EP83400913 A EP 83400913A EP 83400913 A EP83400913 A EP 83400913A EP 0094307 B1 EP0094307 B1 EP 0094307B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzles
fed
fact
crusher
enclosure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83400913A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0094307A2 (en
EP0094307A3 (en
Inventor
Simon Serge Verney
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Broyeurs Poittemill Sa Dite
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Broyeurs Poittemill Sa Dite
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Priority to AT83400913T priority Critical patent/ATE29972T1/en
Publication of EP0094307A2 publication Critical patent/EP0094307A2/en
Publication of EP0094307A3 publication Critical patent/EP0094307A3/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/06—Jet mills
    • B02C19/061—Jet mills of the cylindrical type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a jet mill in which the granular or pulverulent material is introduced continuously or discontinuously into an enclosure around which are arranged several nozzles distributed at different levels and supplied with pressurized fluid ensuring substantially horizontal centripetal jets at within the material to cause crushing zones by impacts between the grains (attrition) and cause the finest particles to rise, which are then permanently extracted from above, while the larger particles, because they are insufficiently crushed, laterally fall back into the material to be ground, the large particles entrained with the fines are reintroduced into the grinding chamber after classification in the separator.
  • the material to be ground is introduced into an enclosure around which are disposed ejectors driving the material which is around and forming a two-phase jet.
  • the gas or the vapor are injected continuously and the speed of the jet is generally supersonic.
  • This continuous blowing has the disadvantage of creating zones of low material concentration since this material cannot be reintroduced with a suitable flow rate in the jet, in particular in the initial zone where the speed is the greatest.
  • the particles are permanently animated with a movement with relatively high speeds and, consequently, the accelerations which they undergo are moderate when they fall in the zones of jets where there reign higher speeds.
  • the frequency of shocks is relatively low, which decreases the intensity and efficiency of grinding on the one hand and energy efficiency on the other.
  • the low acceleration decreases the relative shock velocities which also decreases the intensity and efficiency of the grinding.
  • the present invention is intended to remedy these drawbacks.
  • the jet mill in which the granular or pulverulent material is introduced continuously or discontinuously into an enclosure around which are arranged several nozzles, distributed at different levels and supplied with pressurized fluid ensuring substantially centripetal jets horizontal within the material to cause crushing zones by impacts between the grains (attrition) and cause the finest particles to rise, which are then continuously extracted from above, while the larger particles, because insufficiently ground, fall laterally into the material to be ground, the large particles entrained with the fines being reintroduced into the grinding chamber after classification in the separator, is characterized by the fact that the nozzles are supplied by gas pulsations controlled by at least a distributor supplying the different nozzles alternately.
  • a rotary distributor with gradually reducing passage section. This is obtained by modulating the rotation of the distributor, or again by an appropriate passage section of the conduit in the rotary distributor.
  • This section can be in a drop of water, for example, and reduce the flow rate at the end of closing.
  • the nozzles are distributed in several series, each series being supplied by the same ramp external to the enclosure and each ramp receiving its separate, pulsed and alternating supply from the distributor.
  • either the nozzles can be supplied simultaneously of the same level, either the nozzles of the same vertical, or in an oblique (helical) distribution of a part of the nozzles.
  • the nozzles When the nozzles are supplied individually by the distributor, they can be supplied successively in a circular permutation. Said nozzles can also be arranged and supplied so as to act in a helical permutation.
  • the shape of the enclosure is varied. It can be cylindrical, prismatic, conical, pyramidal, barrel-shaped or any other form deemed appropriate. However, in some of these forms, and depending on the distribution of the nozzles, there may be areas where the material is insufficiently agitated. To remedy this, at least one secondary nozzle is supplied continuously.
  • the distributor As for the distributor supplying the different nozzles according to an established program but which can be varied, its operation is then controlled from a microprocessor device which thus manages the supply of the nozzles according to different criteria chosen by an operator .
  • Pulsed blowing allows materials to be reintroduced into the high speed areas of the jet while the blowing stops. Thus, upon resumption of blowing, the material is strongly accelerated; in this way, the blowing takes place every period in an area of high concentration of materials and its efficiency is improved.
  • the distribution of the nozzles and the pulses given to their supply are determined by the material, the fineness. initial, final finesse and production to be achieved. In any case, it has been found that production is improved with a reduction in energy consumption.
  • the crusher of the invention is located in the center of an installation of which there is a general view in FIG. 7.
  • the grinding chamber (1) which here has the shape of a vertical cylinder but can have any other prismatic, conical, pyramidal or other shape which improves attrition and reduces the speed of the material at the walls .
  • This grinding enclosure is surrounded by two ramps, one of the first level (4) and the other of the second level (5) which surround, like rings, the middle part of the enclosure (1).
  • the ramps (4) and (5) feed nozzles, respectively (2) and (3).
  • Each of the ramps (4) and (5) is supplied in turn by means of valves (6) and (7) which control the supply by all or nothing of each of the ramps (4) and (5) and by therefore nozzles (2) and (3).
  • the valves (6) and (7) are supplied, according to the arrows (20), (21) by pressurized gas or dry steam.
  • the ground material finely enough inside the grinding chamber (1) rises to the top and ends up in a separator (8) from which the finest particles are sent into a second separator (9) of finished products while the largest particles are returned to the screw conveyor (14) which feeds the grinding chamber (1) via the return line (11) and the lock (12).
  • the gases having conveyed the products are sent from the separator (9) to the filter (10) which returns them to the atmosphere according to the arrow (22).
  • the ground products are collected in (23) and (24).
  • the products to be ground are poured into the feed hopper (13) which is closed by a lock (25) and which opens into the screw conveyor (14) to feed the grinding chamber (1).
  • the conveyor (14) has a sealing device (15) between the hopper (13) and the grinding chamber (1).
  • the sealing device is advantageously constituted by an interruption of the screw inside the conveyor (14).
  • the product to be ground introduced into the grinding chamber (1) by the conveyor (14) falls on a porous bottom (17) under which there is an air chamber (18) to fluidize said product, in particular with a view to evacuating the unmilled material accumulated at the bottom of the enclosure (1) by the combination of the inclination of the bottom (17) with blowing air into said chamber (18). Uncrushed products are discharged through the lock (19). However, to avoid any accumulation of new products introduced by the transporter (14), an auxiliary nozzle (16) is provided which blows gas continuously while releasing the outlet from the conveyor (14).
  • a line (26) is provided between the top of the enclosure (1) and the top of the hopper (13) to balance the pressures and facilitate feeding.
  • the essential characteristic of the device of the invention resides in the grinding chamber (1) - where nozzles (2) and (3) are provided distributed at different levels and where the supply of said nozzles (2) and (3), by two separate ramps (4) and (5), is controlled by valves (6) and (7) whose operation depends on a distribution device which determines their alternating pulsating opening. Different variations in the supply of the various nozzles and in their distribution will be explained below.
  • Figure 5 shows a longitudinal section of nozzles (2) which consist of a convergent (27), a divergent (28) connected by a neck (29) which is a narrow orifice.
  • nozzles (2) which consist of a convergent (27), a divergent (28) connected by a neck (29) which is a narrow orifice.
  • a rotary distributor (48) (FIG. 8) is used, the distributor channel (49) of which has a drop-shaped section as shown in FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a grinding chamber (1) with nozzles (2) and (3) distributed on two different levels.
  • the nozzles (3) of the upper level are supplied separately by conduits (31), (32), (33) themselves successively supplied by a solenoid valve (34) threaded from an electronic switch with adjustable frequency ( 35) to which it is connected by line (36).
  • the nozzles (2) are supplied in successive pulses by the conduits (37), (38), (39) from a solenoid valve (40) whose operation is controlled by the electronic frequency switch adjustable (35) to which it is connected by the line (41).
  • the compressed supply gas generally air, arrives via the supply pipe (42), which can be isolated by the valve (43) and which supplies the two solenoid valves (34), (40).
  • the adjustable frequency electronic switch (35) is advantageously accompanied by a microprocessor computer which makes it possible to adjust the blowing time of each nozzle and the moment when this blowing will take place. All these times are adjustable so that we can manage at will the operation of each of the nozzles to create the maximum number of turbulence zones and move them at will in order to obtain the greatest possible efficiency in grinding.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown the same grinding chamber (1) with nozzles (3) supplied by a ramp (5) receiving compressed gas through the pipe (44). Also shown are nozzles (201) and (202) which are supplied either by ramps similar to the ramp (5), or individually as has been explained above and illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • solenoid valves similar to the solenoid valves (34), (40) which are controlled by a switch similar to the switch (35).
  • a grinding chamber (1) with its feed screw conveyor (14) and on the walls of which are distributed nozzles (203), (204), (205) and (206) along vertical lines.
  • the nozzles (203) can be supplied by the same ramp. It is the same for each of the nozzle groups (204), (205) and (206). Each of these ramps is then connected to a solenoid valve which distinguishes the air in the form of cyclic pulses according to the control of an electronic switch with adjustable frequency.
  • each of the nozzles (203) to (206) can receive a supply by a separate pipe which also ends in a solenoid valve piloted to obtain the maximum of possibilities of adjustment in the pulsations carried out.
  • nozzles (207) distributed helically at the periphery of the grinding chamber (1).
  • the nozzles (207) can be supplied by one or more helical ramps which receive a supply of pulsed gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)

Abstract

1. A jet crusher in which the granular and powdered material is continuously or discontinuously fed in an enclosure around which are disposed several nozzles (2, 3), arranged at differents levels and fed with a pressurized fluid insuring centripetal jets appreciably horizontal within the material in order to cause crushing areas by the impacts between the grains (attrition) and raise the most fine particles which are then permanently extracted by the top, whereas the bigger particles, because insufficiently crushed, laterally fall back into the material to be crushed, the big particles carry along with the fines being fed again in the crushing enclosure after sorting in the separator, characterized by the fact that the nozzles (2, 3) are fed with controlled pulses of gas by at least a distributor (34, 40) feeding alternately the different nozzles (2, 3).

Description

Domaine technique.Technical area.

La présente invention concerne un broyeur à jets dans lequel la matière granuleuse ou pulvérulente est introduite de façon continue ou discontinue dans une enceinte autour de laquelle sont disposées plusieurs buses réparties à des niveaux différents et alimentées en fluide sous pression assurant des jets centripètes sensiblement horizontaux au sein de la matière pour provoquer des zones de broyage par des chocs entre les grains (attrition) et faire monter les particules les plus fines qui sont ensuite extraites en permanence par le haut, tandis que les particules plus grosses, parce qu'insuffisamment broyées, retombent latéralement dans la matière à broyer, les grosses particules entraînées avec les fines sont réintroduites dans l'enceinte de broyage après classement dans le séparateur.The present invention relates to a jet mill in which the granular or pulverulent material is introduced continuously or discontinuously into an enclosure around which are arranged several nozzles distributed at different levels and supplied with pressurized fluid ensuring substantially horizontal centripetal jets at within the material to cause crushing zones by impacts between the grains (attrition) and cause the finest particles to rise, which are then permanently extracted from above, while the larger particles, because they are insufficiently crushed, laterally fall back into the material to be ground, the large particles entrained with the fines are reintroduced into the grinding chamber after classification in the separator.

Etat de la technique antérieure et inconvénients.State of the prior art and drawbacks.

L'état de la technique en la matière est clairement établi par les deux brevets américains 1.935.344 du 16.06.1931 et 1.948.609 du 18.01.1932.The state of the art in the matter is clearly established by the two American patents 1,935,344 of 06/16/31 and 1,948,609 of 18/01/32.

Dans le premier brevet, la matière à broyer est introduite dans une enceinte autour de laquelle sont disposés des éjecteurs entraînant la matière qui se trouve autour et en formant un jet biphasique.In the first patent, the material to be ground is introduced into an enclosure around which are disposed ejectors driving the material which is around and forming a two-phase jet.

Dans le second brevet, le fluide de travail gaz ou vapeur est introduit directement dans la matière. Cette modification supprime l'éjecteur qui dans les conditions de fonctionnement décrites dans le brevet est soumis à une usure très importante par le mélange biphasique fluide- matériau circulant à grande vitesse.In the second patent, the gas or vapor working fluid is introduced directly into the material. This modification eliminates the ejector which under the operating conditions described in the patent is subjected to very significant wear by the two-phase fluid-material mixture circulating at high speed.

En outre, dans le deuxième brevet, il est prévu une version où les buses sont disposées annulai- rement de façon à concentrer leur effet dans le centre de l'enceinte.In addition, in the second patent, provision is made for a version in which the nozzles are arranged annularly so as to concentrate their effect in the center of the enclosure.

Par ailleurs, il est également connu le brevet français ALPINE 2.104.091. Ce document reprend l'essentiel du brevet américain 1.948.609 précité.Furthermore, the French patent ALPINE 2,104,091 is also known. This document contains the essentials of the aforementioned US patent 1,948,609.

Dans ces broyeurs et dans tous les broyeurs de ce type, le gaz ou la vapeur sont injectés de façon continue et la vitesse du jet est généralement supersonique. Ce soufflage continu a l'inconvénient de créer des zones de faible concentration en matériau puisque ce matériau ne peut pas se réintroduire avec un débit convenable dans le jet, notamment dans la zone initiale où la vitesse est la plus grande. Par ailleurs, les particules sont animées en permanence d'un mouvement avec des vitesses relativement grandes et, par conséquent, les accélérations qu'elles subissent sont modérées quand elles tombent dans les zones de jets où il règne des vitesses plus grandes.In these grinders and in all grinders of this type, the gas or the vapor are injected continuously and the speed of the jet is generally supersonic. This continuous blowing has the disadvantage of creating zones of low material concentration since this material cannot be reintroduced with a suitable flow rate in the jet, in particular in the initial zone where the speed is the greatest. In addition, the particles are permanently animated with a movement with relatively high speeds and, consequently, the accelerations which they undergo are moderate when they fall in the zones of jets where there reign higher speeds.

Dans les zones de faible concentration, la fréquence des chocs est relativement faible, ce qui diminue l'intensité et l'efficacité du broyage d'une part et le rendement énergétique d'autre part. La faible accélération diminue les vitesses relatives des chocs ce qui diminue également l'intensité et l'efficacité du broyage.In areas of low concentration, the frequency of shocks is relatively low, which decreases the intensity and efficiency of grinding on the one hand and energy efficiency on the other. The low acceleration decreases the relative shock velocities which also decreases the intensity and efficiency of the grinding.

Le rendement de. l'appareil est donc affaibli :

  • 1. par la mauvaise utilisation du jet, notamment dans sa zone initiale,
  • 2. par la vitesse élevée des mêmes particules _ qui ne sont pas accélérées.
The yield of. the device is therefore weakened:
  • 1. by the improper use of the jet, especially in its initial area,
  • 2. by the high speed of the same particles _ which are not accelerated.

Problème posé.Problem.

La présente invention est destinée à remédier à ces inconvénients.The present invention is intended to remedy these drawbacks.

Exposé de l'invention.Statement of the invention.

Selon l'invention, le broyeur à jet dans lequel la matière granuleuse ou pulvérulente est introduite de façon continue ou discontinue dans une enceinte autour de laquelle sont disposées plusieurs buses, réparties à des niveaux différents et alimentées en fluide sous pression assurant des jets centripètes sensiblement horizontaux au sein de la matière pour provoquer des zones de broyage par des chocs entre les grains (attrition) et faire monter les particules les plus fines qui sont ensuite extraites en permanence par le haut, tandis que les ·particules plus grosses, parce qu'insuffisamment broyées, retombent latéralement dans la matière à broyer, les grosses particules entraînées avec les fines étant réintroduites dans l'enceinte de broyage après classement dans le séparateur, est caractérisé par le fait que les buses sont alimentées par pulsations contrôlées de gaz par au moins un distributeur alimentant les différentes buses de façon alternée.According to the invention, the jet mill in which the granular or pulverulent material is introduced continuously or discontinuously into an enclosure around which are arranged several nozzles, distributed at different levels and supplied with pressurized fluid ensuring substantially centripetal jets horizontal within the material to cause crushing zones by impacts between the grains (attrition) and cause the finest particles to rise, which are then continuously extracted from above, while the larger particles, because insufficiently ground, fall laterally into the material to be ground, the large particles entrained with the fines being reintroduced into the grinding chamber after classification in the separator, is characterized by the fact that the nozzles are supplied by gas pulsations controlled by at least a distributor supplying the different nozzles alternately.

Afin d'éviter la remontée du matériau au moment de l'arrêt du soufflage à l'amont de la buse, ce qui peut entraîner l'obturation et l'usure de la buse, on prévoit un soufflage secondaire continu, à débit réduit. Celui-ci peut se faire par by-pass.In order to prevent the material from rising when the blowing stops upstream of the nozzle, which can lead to plugging and wear of the nozzle, provision is made for a continuous secondary blowing, at a reduced flow rate. This can be done by bypass.

En outre, la fermeture du débit de fluide aux buses peut être obtenue progressivement.In addition, the closure of the fluid flow to the nozzles can be obtained gradually.

Par exemple, elle se fait par un distributeur rotatif avec section de passage se réduisant progressivement. Ceci est obtenu par le modulage de la rotation du distributeur, soit encore par une section de passage appropriée du conduit dans le distributeur tournant. Cette section peut être en goutte d'eau, par exemple, et réduire le débit en fin de fermeture.For example, it is done by a rotary distributor with gradually reducing passage section. This is obtained by modulating the rotation of the distributor, or again by an appropriate passage section of the conduit in the rotary distributor. This section can be in a drop of water, for example, and reduce the flow rate at the end of closing.

Suivant une forme préférée de réalisation, les buses sont réparties en plusieurs séries, chaque série étant alimentée par une même rampe extérieure à l'enceinte et chaque rampe recevant son alimentation séparée, pulsée et alternée à partir du distributeur. Avec cette dernière disposition, on peut alimenter simultanément soit les buses d'un même niveau, soit les buses d'une même verticale, soit suivant une répartition oblique (hélicoïdale) d'une partie des buses.According to a preferred embodiment, the nozzles are distributed in several series, each series being supplied by the same ramp external to the enclosure and each ramp receiving its separate, pulsed and alternating supply from the distributor. With this latter arrangement, either the nozzles can be supplied simultaneously of the same level, either the nozzles of the same vertical, or in an oblique (helical) distribution of a part of the nozzles.

Quand les buses sont alimentées individuellement par le distributeur, on peut les alimenter successivement suivant une permutation circulaire. On peut aussi disposer lesdites buses et les alimenter de façon à agir suivant une permutation hélicoïdale.When the nozzles are supplied individually by the distributor, they can be supplied successively in a circular permutation. Said nozzles can also be arranged and supplied so as to act in a helical permutation.

La forme de l'enceinte est variée. Elle peut être cylindrique, prismatique, conique, pyramidale, en tonneau ou toute autre forme jugée appropriée. Cependant, dans certaines de ces formes, et suivant la répartition des buses, il peut exister des zones où la matière est insuffisamment agitée. Pour remédier à cela, on prévoit au moins une buse secondaire alimentée de façon continue.The shape of the enclosure is varied. It can be cylindrical, prismatic, conical, pyramidal, barrel-shaped or any other form deemed appropriate. However, in some of these forms, and depending on the distribution of the nozzles, there may be areas where the material is insufficiently agitated. To remedy this, at least one secondary nozzle is supplied continuously.

Quant au distributeur alimentant les différentes buses suivant un programme établi mais que l'on peut faire varier, son fonctionnement est alors piloté à partir d'un dispositif à microprocesseur qui gère ainsi l'alimentation des buses en fonction de différents critères choisis par un opérateur.As for the distributor supplying the different nozzles according to an established program but which can be varied, its operation is then controlled from a microprocessor device which thus manages the supply of the nozzles according to different criteria chosen by an operator .

Solution au problème, avantages et résultat industriel.Solution to the problem, advantages and industrial result.

Le soufflage pulsé permet aux matériaux d'être réintroduits dans les zones à grande vitesse du jet pendant l'arrêt du soufflage. Ainsi, à la reprise du soufflage, le matériau est-il fortement accéléré ; de cette façon, le soufflage s'effectue à chaque période dans une zone de grande concentration de matériaux et son efficacité est améliorée.Pulsed blowing allows materials to be reintroduced into the high speed areas of the jet while the blowing stops. Thus, upon resumption of blowing, the material is strongly accelerated; in this way, the blowing takes place every period in an area of high concentration of materials and its efficiency is improved.

La répartition des buses et les pulsations données à leur alimentation sont déterminées par le matériau, la finesse. initiale, la finesse finale et la production à réaliser. De toute façon, on a constaté que la production était améliorée avec une réduction de la consommation d'énergie.The distribution of the nozzles and the pulses given to their supply are determined by the material, the fineness. initial, final finesse and production to be achieved. In any case, it has been found that production is improved with a reduction in energy consumption.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description suivante qui en donne quelques exemples non limitatifs de réalisation pratique et qui sont illustrés par les dessins joints.The invention will be better understood with the aid of the following description which gives some nonlimiting examples of practical embodiment and which are illustrated by the accompanying drawings.

Brève description des figures.Brief description of the figures.

Dans ces dessins,

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective d'une première réalisation de l'enceinte avec des buses disposées suivant deux niveaux.
  • La figure 2 est une vue schématique d'une autre enceinte avec les buses disposées suivant des génératrices verticales.
  • La figure 3 est une vue d'une autre enceinte avec des buses disposées hélicoïdalement.
  • La figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'une enceinte avec des buses disposées suivant trois niveaux, chacun des niveaux étant alimenté par une rampe extérieure.
  • La figure 5 est une coupe longitudinale axiale d'une réalisation de buses.
  • La figure 6 est une vue schématique d'un by-pass d'une vanne d'alimentation pulsée d'une série de buses.
  • La figure 7 est une vue schématique de l'ensemble d'une installation de broyage réalisée avec une enceinte de l'invention.
  • La figure 8 est une coupe d'une valve à interruption de débit progressive.
  • La figure 9 est une section droite du canal de distribution de la valve.
In these drawings,
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of the enclosure with nozzles arranged along two levels.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of another enclosure with the nozzles arranged along vertical generators.
  • Figure 3 is a view of another enclosure with nozzles arranged helically.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of an enclosure with nozzles arranged along three levels, each of the levels being fed by an external ramp.
  • Figure 5 is an axial longitudinal section of an embodiment of nozzles.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of a bypass of a pulsed supply valve of a series of nozzles.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the assembly of a grinding installation produced with an enclosure of the invention.
  • Figure 8 is a section through a valve with progressive flow interruption.
  • Figure 9 is a cross section of the valve delivery channel.

Description de quelques modes de réalisation.Description of some embodiments.

Le broyeur de l'invention est situé au centre d'une installation dont on a une vue générale à la figure 7.The crusher of the invention is located in the center of an installation of which there is a general view in FIG. 7.

On y reconnaît l'enceinte de broyage (1), qui a ici la forme d'un cylindre vertical mais peut avoir toute autre forme prismatique, conique, pyramidale ou autre qui améliore l'attrition et diminue la vitesse du matériau au niveau des parois. Cette enceinte de broyage est entourée de deux rampes, l'une de premier niveau (4) et l'autre de deuxième niveau (5) qui entourent, à la façon d'anneaux, la partie médiane de l'enceinte (1). Les rampes (4) et (5) alimentent des buses, respectivement (2) et (3). Chacune des rampes (4) et (5) est alimentée à son tour par l'intermédiaire de vannes (6) et (7) qui contrôlent l'alimentation par tout ou rien de chacune des rampes (4) et (5) et par conséquent des buses (2) et (3). L'alimentation des vannes (6) et (7) se fait, suivant les flèches (20), (21) par un gaz sous pression ou de la vapeur sèche.We recognize the grinding chamber (1), which here has the shape of a vertical cylinder but can have any other prismatic, conical, pyramidal or other shape which improves attrition and reduces the speed of the material at the walls . This grinding enclosure is surrounded by two ramps, one of the first level (4) and the other of the second level (5) which surround, like rings, the middle part of the enclosure (1). The ramps (4) and (5) feed nozzles, respectively (2) and (3). Each of the ramps (4) and (5) is supplied in turn by means of valves (6) and (7) which control the supply by all or nothing of each of the ramps (4) and (5) and by therefore nozzles (2) and (3). The valves (6) and (7) are supplied, according to the arrows (20), (21) by pressurized gas or dry steam.

La matière broyée suffisamment finement à l'intérieur de l'enceinte de broyage (1) s'élève à la partie supérieure et aboutit dans un séparateur (8) d'où les particules les plus fines sont envoyées dans un deuxième séparateur (9) de produits finis tandis que les particules les plus grosses sont renvoyées dans le transporteur à vis (14) qui alimente l'enceinte de broyage (1) par la conduite de retour (11) et l'écluse (12). Les gaz ayant véhiculé les produits sont envoyés du séparateur (9) vers le filtre (10) qui les renvoie à l'atmosphère suivant la flèche (22). Les produits broyés sont recueillis en (23) et (24).The ground material finely enough inside the grinding chamber (1) rises to the top and ends up in a separator (8) from which the finest particles are sent into a second separator (9) of finished products while the largest particles are returned to the screw conveyor (14) which feeds the grinding chamber (1) via the return line (11) and the lock (12). The gases having conveyed the products are sent from the separator (9) to the filter (10) which returns them to the atmosphere according to the arrow (22). The ground products are collected in (23) and (24).

Les produits à broyer sont déversés dans la trémie d'alimentation (13) qui est fermée par une écluse (25) et qui débouche dans le transporteur à vis (14) pour alimenter l'enceinte de broyage (1). Le transporteur (14) comporte un dispositif d'étanchéité (15) entre la trémie (13) et l'enceinte de broyage (1). Le dispositif d'étanchéité est avantageusement constitué par une interruption de la vis à l'intérieur du transporteur (14).The products to be ground are poured into the feed hopper (13) which is closed by a lock (25) and which opens into the screw conveyor (14) to feed the grinding chamber (1). The conveyor (14) has a sealing device (15) between the hopper (13) and the grinding chamber (1). The sealing device is advantageously constituted by an interruption of the screw inside the conveyor (14).

Le produit à broyer introduit dans l'enceinte de broyage (1) par le transporteur (14) tombe sur un fond poreux (17) sous lequel se trouve une chambre à air (18) pour fluidiser ledit produit, notamment en vue d'évacuer la matière non broyée accumulée au fond de l'enceinte (1) par la combinaison de l'inclinaison du fond (17) avec insufflation de l'air dans ladite chambre (18). Les produits non broyés sont évacués par l'écluse (19). Cependant, pour éviter toute accumulation de nouveaux produits introduits par le transporteur (14), on prévoit une buse auxiliaire (16) qui souffle du gaz de manière ininterrompue en dégageant la sortie du transporteur (14).The product to be ground introduced into the grinding chamber (1) by the conveyor (14) falls on a porous bottom (17) under which there is an air chamber (18) to fluidize said product, in particular with a view to evacuating the unmilled material accumulated at the bottom of the enclosure (1) by the combination of the inclination of the bottom (17) with blowing air into said chamber (18). Uncrushed products are discharged through the lock (19). However, to avoid any accumulation of new products introduced by the transporter (14), an auxiliary nozzle (16) is provided which blows gas continuously while releasing the outlet from the conveyor (14).

Une conduite (26) est prévue entre le haut de l'enceinte (1) et le haut de la trémie (13) pour équilibrer les pressions et faciliter l'alimentation.A line (26) is provided between the top of the enclosure (1) and the top of the hopper (13) to balance the pressures and facilitate feeding.

La particularité essentielle du dispositif de l'invention réside dans l'enceinte de broyage (1) - où l'on prévoit des buses (2) et (3) réparties à des niveaux différents et où l'alimentation desdites buses (2) et (3), par deux rampes (4) et (5) séparées, est contrôlée par des vannes (6) et (7) dont le fonctionnement dépend d'un dispositif de distribution qui détermine leur ouverture pulsa- toire alternée. Différentes variantes dans l'alimentation des diverses buses et dans leurs répartitions seront expliquées ci-après.The essential characteristic of the device of the invention resides in the grinding chamber (1) - where nozzles (2) and (3) are provided distributed at different levels and where the supply of said nozzles (2) and (3), by two separate ramps (4) and (5), is controlled by valves (6) and (7) whose operation depends on a distribution device which determines their alternating pulsating opening. Different variations in the supply of the various nozzles and in their distribution will be explained below.

La figure 5 représente une coupe longitudinale de buses (2) qui se composent d'un convergent (27), d'un divergent (28) reliés par un col (29) qui est un orifice étroit. Pour éviter que le col (29) ne se bouche par les matières à l'intérieur de l'enceinte (1) lorsque lesdites buses (2) ne sont pas alimentées normalement, on prévoit une alimentation continue à débit réduit des buses (2) à l'aide d'un by-pass (30) dimensionné convenablement.Figure 5 shows a longitudinal section of nozzles (2) which consist of a convergent (27), a divergent (28) connected by a neck (29) which is a narrow orifice. To prevent the neck (29) from becoming blocked by the materials inside the enclosure (1) when said nozzles (2) are not supplied normally, provision is made for a continuous supply at a reduced flow rate of the nozzles (2) using an appropriately sized bypass (30).

Pour obtenir une progressivité de la fermeture de débit de fluide aux buses (2) , on utilise un distributeur rotatif (48) (figure 8) dont le canal distributeur (49) a une section en goutte d'eau tel que représenté à la figure 9.To obtain a gradual closure of the fluid flow to the nozzles (2), a rotary distributor (48) (FIG. 8) is used, the distributor channel (49) of which has a drop-shaped section as shown in FIG. 9.

En se reportant à la figure 1, on a représenté une enceinte de broyage (1) avec des buses (2) et (3) réparties sur deux niveaux différents. Les buses (3) du niveau supérieur sont alimentées séparément par des conduites (31), (32), (33) elles-mêmes alimentées successivement par une électro-vanne (34) filetée à partir d'un commutateur électronique à fréquence réglable (35) auquel elle est reliée par la ligne (36).Referring to Figure 1, there is shown a grinding chamber (1) with nozzles (2) and (3) distributed on two different levels. The nozzles (3) of the upper level are supplied separately by conduits (31), (32), (33) themselves successively supplied by a solenoid valve (34) threaded from an electronic switch with adjustable frequency ( 35) to which it is connected by line (36).

De même, les buses (2) sont alimentées suivant des pulsations successives par les conduites (37), (38), (39) à partir d'une électro-vanne (40) dont le fonctionnement est piloté par le commutateur électronique à fréquence réglable (35) auquel elle est reliée par la ligne (41). Le gaz comprimé d'alimentation, généralement de l'air, arrive par le tuyau d'alimentation (42), qui peut être isolé par la vanne (43) et qui alimente les deux électrovannes (34), (40). Le commutateur électronique à fréquence réglable (35) est avantageusement accompagné d'un calculateur à microprocesseurs qui permet de régler le temps dé soufflage de chaque buse et le moment où ce soufflage aura lieu. Tous ces temps sont réglables si bien que l'on peut gérer ainsi à volonté le fonctionnement de chacune des buses pour créer le maximum de zones de turbulence et les déplacer à volonté afin d'obtenir la plus grande efficacité possible dans le broyage.Likewise, the nozzles (2) are supplied in successive pulses by the conduits (37), (38), (39) from a solenoid valve (40) whose operation is controlled by the electronic frequency switch adjustable (35) to which it is connected by the line (41). The compressed supply gas, generally air, arrives via the supply pipe (42), which can be isolated by the valve (43) and which supplies the two solenoid valves (34), (40). The adjustable frequency electronic switch (35) is advantageously accompanied by a microprocessor computer which makes it possible to adjust the blowing time of each nozzle and the moment when this blowing will take place. All these times are adjustable so that we can manage at will the operation of each of the nozzles to create the maximum number of turbulence zones and move them at will in order to obtain the greatest possible efficiency in grinding.

A la figure 4, on a représenté la même enceinte de broyage (1) avec des buses (3) alimentées par une rampe (5) recevant du gaz comprimé par la conduite (44). On a représenté aussi des buses (201) et (202) qui sont alimentées soit par des rampes similaires à la rampe (5), soit individuellement comme cela a été expliqué ci-dessus et illustré à la figure 1.In Figure 4, there is shown the same grinding chamber (1) with nozzles (3) supplied by a ramp (5) receiving compressed gas through the pipe (44). Also shown are nozzles (201) and (202) which are supplied either by ramps similar to the ramp (5), or individually as has been explained above and illustrated in FIG. 1.

La conduite (44) et chaque conduite aboutissant aux buses (201) et (202) aboutissent à des électrovannes (non représentées) similaires aux électrovannes (34), (40) qui sont pilotées par un commutateur similaire au commutateur (35). En agissant sur celui-ci, on peut provoquer des zones de broyage successives, pulsatoires et intermittentes suivant un cycle voulu dans différentes zones de l'enceinte de broyage (1) afin de déterminer le maximum d'accélérations des particules et leur broyage efficace.The pipe (44) and each pipe leading to the nozzles (201) and (202) lead to solenoid valves (not shown) similar to the solenoid valves (34), (40) which are controlled by a switch similar to the switch (35). By acting on it, it is possible to cause successive, pulsating and intermittent grinding zones according to a desired cycle in different zones of the grinding chamber (1) in order to determine the maximum acceleration of the particles and their efficient grinding.

En se reportant à la figure 2, on a représenté une enceinte de broyage (1) avec son transporteur à vis d'alimentation (14) et sur les parois duquel sont réparties des buses (203), (204), (205) et (206) suivant des verticales. Les buses (203) peuvent être alimentées par une même rampe. Il en est de même de chacun des groupements de buses (204), (205) et (206). Chacune de ces rampes sont alors reliées à une électrovanne qui distingue l'air sous forme de pulsations cycliques d'après le pilotage d'un commutateur électronique à fréquence réglable. De la même façon que précédemment, chacune des buses (203) à (206) peut recevoir une alimentation par une conduite distincte qui aboutit aussi à une électrovanne pilotée pour obtenir le maximum de possibilités de réglage dans les pulsations réalisées.Referring to Figure 2, there is shown a grinding chamber (1) with its feed screw conveyor (14) and on the walls of which are distributed nozzles (203), (204), (205) and (206) along vertical lines. The nozzles (203) can be supplied by the same ramp. It is the same for each of the nozzle groups (204), (205) and (206). Each of these ramps is then connected to a solenoid valve which distinguishes the air in the form of cyclic pulses according to the control of an electronic switch with adjustable frequency. In the same way as previously, each of the nozzles (203) to (206) can receive a supply by a separate pipe which also ends in a solenoid valve piloted to obtain the maximum of possibilities of adjustment in the pulsations carried out.

En se reportant à la figure 3, on a représenté des buses (207) réparties de façon hélicoïdale à la périphérie de l'enceinte de broyage (1). Les buses (207) peuvent être alimentées par une ou plusieurs rampes hélicoïdales qui reçoivent une alimentation de gaz pulsé. De la même façon que précédemment, on peut aussi prévoir une alimentation distincte de chacune des buses (207) à l'aide d'une conduite séparée qui aboutit à une électrovanne répartissant des pulsations cycliques de gaz suivant un programme établi par un commutateur électronique à fréquence réglable.Referring to Figure 3, there are shown nozzles (207) distributed helically at the periphery of the grinding chamber (1). The nozzles (207) can be supplied by one or more helical ramps which receive a supply of pulsed gas. In the same way as previously, it is also possible to provide a separate supply for each of the nozzles (207) by means of a separate pipe which leads to a solenoid valve distributing cyclic pulses of gas according to a program established by an electronic switch at adjustable frequency.

Toutes ces variantes permettent de traiter des poudres différentes avec le maximum d'efficacité. La répartition des buses, leur débit, le diamètre de leur venturi (29), la façon dont elles sont alimentées peuvent ainsi varier à volonté pour s'adapter aux matériaux, à la finesse initiale de celui-ci, à la finesse finale que l'on veut obtenir et à la production désirée.All these variants make it possible to treat different powders with maximum efficiency. The distribution of the nozzles, their flow rate, the diameter of their venturi (29), the way in which they are fed can thus vary at will to adapt to the materials, to the initial fineness thereof, to the final fineness that the 'we want to obtain and to the desired production.

Claims (10)

1. A jet crusher in which the granular and powdered material is continuously or discontinuously fed in an enclosure around which are disposed several nozzles (2, 3), arranged at diffe- rents levels and fed with a pressurized fluid insuring centripetal jets appreciably horizontal within the material in order to cause crushing areas by the impacts between the grains (attrition) and raise the most fine particles which are then permanently extracted by the top, whereas the bigger particles, because insufficiently crushed, laterally fall back into the material to be crushed, the big particles carry along with the fines being fed again in the crushing enclosure after sorting in the separator, characterized by the fact that the nozzles (2, 3) are fed with controlled pulses of gas by at least a distributor (34, 40) feeding alternately the different nozzles (2, 3).
2. A crusher such as defined in claim 1, characterized by the fact that the valve (6) for feeding each nozzle is surrounded with a by-pass (30) having a small section and determining a continuous feeding with a reduced flowrate when said valve (6) is closed.
3. A crusher such as defined in claim 2, characterized by the fact that the valve (6) is achieved for obtaining a progressive interruption of the fluid flow-rate by an appropriated passage section of the distributor duct turning in the shape of a tapered water drop at the end of closing.
4. A crusher such as defined in claim 1, characterized by the fact'that the nozzles (2, 3) are arranged in several series, each serie being fed by a same ramp (4, 5) outside the enclosure (1) and each ramp (4, 5) receiving its separated, pulsed and alternate feeding from the distributor (34, 40).
5. A crusher such as defined in anyone of the claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized by the fact that the nozzles of a same level (2, 3) are simultaneously fed.
6. A crusher such as defined in either of the claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized by the fact that the nozzles (203, 204, 205, 206) of a same vertical are simultaneously fed.
7. A crusher such as defined in either of the claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized by the fact that the nozzles (2, 3) are successively fed according to a circular permutation.
8. A crusher such as defined in either of the claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized by the fact the nozzles (207) are disposed and fed so as to act according to a helicoidal permutation.
9. A crusher such as defined in anyone of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it is provided for at least a secondary nozzle (16) continuously fed.
10. A crusher such as defined in anyone of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the operating of the distributors (34, 40) is piloted from a device (35) provided with microprocessors, which so manages the feeding of the nozzles (2, 3) as a function of different criteria selected by an operator.
EP83400913A 1982-05-12 1983-05-05 Jet mills Expired EP0094307B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83400913T ATE29972T1 (en) 1982-05-12 1983-05-05 JET MILLS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8208532A FR2526679B1 (en) 1982-05-12 1982-05-12 IMPROVEMENTS ON JET GRINDERS
FR8208532 1982-05-12

Publications (3)

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EP0094307A2 EP0094307A2 (en) 1983-11-16
EP0094307A3 EP0094307A3 (en) 1985-10-09
EP0094307B1 true EP0094307B1 (en) 1987-09-30

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EP83400913A Expired EP0094307B1 (en) 1982-05-12 1983-05-05 Jet mills

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EP (1) EP0094307B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE29972T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3373875D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8401864A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2526679B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2190016B (en) * 1985-08-01 1989-07-26 Ecc Int Ltd Communition of material
DD276628B5 (en) * 1988-11-07 1993-12-02 Zementanlagen Und Maschinenbau FLUID BED OPPOSED JET MUEHLE
CN104841536A (en) * 2014-02-18 2015-08-19 昆山市密友装备制造有限责任公司 Nozzle air inlet improved structure for jet mill

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1935344A (en) * 1931-06-16 1933-11-14 American Pulverizing Corp Camd Impact pulverizer
US1948609A (en) * 1932-01-18 1934-02-27 American Pulverizing Corp Method of pulverizing minerals and similar materials
US2628786A (en) * 1948-08-25 1953-02-17 Celanese Corp Moving-fluid-stream pulverizing apparatus with screened discharge
DE2040519C2 (en) * 1970-08-14 1984-04-12 Alpine Ag, 8900 Augsburg Fluidized bed jet mill

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES522193A0 (en) 1984-02-01
FR2526679B1 (en) 1988-04-08
ES8401864A1 (en) 1984-02-01
EP0094307A2 (en) 1983-11-16
ATE29972T1 (en) 1987-10-15
EP0094307A3 (en) 1985-10-09
DE3373875D1 (en) 1987-11-05
FR2526679A1 (en) 1983-11-18

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