EP0084085B1 - Vacuum pump with a suction branch valve, and method for its operation - Google Patents

Vacuum pump with a suction branch valve, and method for its operation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0084085B1
EP0084085B1 EP82109589A EP82109589A EP0084085B1 EP 0084085 B1 EP0084085 B1 EP 0084085B1 EP 82109589 A EP82109589 A EP 82109589A EP 82109589 A EP82109589 A EP 82109589A EP 0084085 B1 EP0084085 B1 EP 0084085B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
piston
vacuum pump
pressure
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82109589A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0084085A1 (en
Inventor
Hanns-Peter Dr. Berges
Peter Frieden
Hans-Peter Dr. Kabelitz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Balzers und Leybold Deutschland Holding AG
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Leybold Heraeus GmbH
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Publication of EP0084085A1 publication Critical patent/EP0084085A1/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C28/00Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C28/24Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves or unloading valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C27/00Sealing arrangements in rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C27/02Liquid sealing for high-vacuum pumps or for compressors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/02Lubrication; Lubricant separation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vacuum pump with a suction port valve, which has a closure element connected to the piston of a cylinder-piston device, one end of a pressure medium line opening into the cylinder, the other end of which is assigned a valve, which depends on the pressure medium line opens or closes from the operating state of the pump.
  • the invention also relates to an expedient operating method for a vacuum pump with a suction nozzle valve which operates as a function of the operating state of the pump.
  • Rotating vacuum pumps are operated with sealing liquids, preferably oil, in order to achieve high final vacuum levels.
  • the oil is used to lubricate bearings and to cool the pump. After stopping such pumps - be it due to a normal shutdown, power failure or any other malfunction - there is a risk that oil will rise in the recipient, especially if it is under vacuum, and cause undesirable contamination there.
  • a number of solutions are known which are described in the essay “Intake manifold block prevents oil return on rotating vacuum pumps •, Maschinengon, Würzburg, 79 (1973), 54, pages 1191 to 1193.
  • Air serves as the pressure medium.
  • the inlet opening of the pressure medium line is closed or open, depending on the operating state of the pump.
  • a centrifugal switch is provided on the pump shaft, with the help of which the inlet opening of the pressure medium line is closed when the pump starts up. This causes the opening movement of the closure element of the suction nozzle valve. If, for whatever reason, the vacuum pump comes to a standstill, the centrifugal switch releases the inlet opening, so that air at atmospheric pressure penetrates into the cylinder with the piston of the suction nozzle valve and thereby causes the closing movement of the suction nozzle valve.
  • a nozzle is provided, via which the pump chamber is ventilated after the closing movement of the suction nozzle valve has been initiated.
  • a disadvantage of the previously known solution is that the undesirable air intake, which causes an increase in pressure in the recipient connected to the suction port, is still present, since it cannot be completely avoided that part of the air causing the movement of the piston of the suction port valve between the pistons and the cylinder already enters the suction chamber at a time when the suction port valve has not yet reached its closed position.
  • air penetrates through the nozzle for ventilation of the pump chamber into the suction chamber, thereby increasing the air intake.
  • the air intake could only be achieved by a very tight play between the piston and the cylinder and by dispensing with a nozzle which later served to vent the pump.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a vacuum pump with a suction port valve of the type mentioned, in which, despite the presence of a relatively large tolerance in the cylinder-piston device for the suction port valve, the undesirable air intake practically no longer occurs.
  • this object is achieved in that an oil reservoir open to the atmosphere is located above the inlet opening of the pressure medium line for the purpose of superimposing this inlet opening with oil, and in that the oil quantity overlying the inlet opening is so small that it essentially only during the closing process of the suction nozzle valve serves to seal the gap existing between the piston and the cylinder. If a pump designed in this way is shut down, then - at least initially - not oil but oil gets under the pistons which serve to actuate the suction nozzle valve, so that an air swallow can no longer occur. After the oil has performed its sealing function, air gets under the piston.
  • Such a hydropneumatic actuation of the suction nozzle valve has the advantage of significantly shorter closing times compared to a fully hydraulic actuation.
  • Another advantage in the context of the invention consists in the fact that the control of the suction nozzle valve can be operated in such a way that it takes place depending on the oil pressure in an oil circuit serving among other things to supply the bearings of the vacuum pump. This enables a hydro-pneumatic actuation of the suction nozzle valve to be implemented in a particularly simple and safe manner.
  • the oil circuit of the pump is formed by the intake line 11, via which oil is conveyed from the oil supply 2 into the oil pressure line 13 by means of the oil pump 12.
  • a throttle 15 is arranged, which ensures the maintenance of the desired oil pressure (between 1.5 and 2 bar, preferably 1.7 bar) and via which the pressure is reduced to the pressure in the oil box 1 he follows.
  • the bearings in the pump are supplied with pressure oil via branches 16, 17, 18.
  • Three oil supply lines (16, 17, 18) are required in the case of a two-stage pump, in which two end bearings and an intermediate bearing of the two rotors have to be supplied with oil. In the case of a single-stage pump, two of the three branch lines are sufficient. After the bearings have flowed through, the oil that has entered the branch lines 16, 17, 18 returns to the oil reservoir 2.
  • An oil filter 19 is switched on in the pressure oil line 13 immediately behind the oil pump 12, so that it is ensured that only cleaned oil flows through the line 13 and through the branch lines connected to it.
  • Another branch line 21 opens into the control cylinder 22, in which the control piston 23 is located.
  • the pressure medium line 24 opens into the cylinder 22, the other end of which is connected to the cylinder 9 on the side of the piston 8 facing away from the valve plate 7.
  • the inlet opening 25 of the pressure medium line 24 in the cylinder 22 is designed as a valve seat.
  • a plug 26 with a sealing bead 27 is inserted into the inlet openings 25.
  • the end face 28 of a cylindrical projection 29 on the control piston 23 with a reduced diameter compared to the control piston serves as the closure member.
  • the control piston 23 is under the action of a spring 31, which is arranged between the control piston 23 and the end wall 32 with the inlet opening 25 of the pressure medium line 24 and is designed as a compression spring.
  • the cylindrical projection 29 can be screwed into the control piston 23 by means of the thread 33, so that the force of the spring 31 acting in the closed state of the control valve 27, 28 can be influenced.
  • a further line 34 opens into the cylinder 22 and is connected to an oil reservoir 35 of small volume which is open at the top.
  • the junction of the line 34 in the cylinder 22 lies on the side of the control piston 23 opposite the junction of the line 21.
  • the oil pump 12 conveys oil from the oil supply 2 into the oil pressure line 13.
  • the oil pump 12 can be designed as a rotary vane pump or gear pump and is coupled in a known manner to the pump shaft as a drive (cf. GB-PS 875 444).
  • the delivery characteristics of the pump 12 and the size of the throttle 15 are dimensioned such that the desired oil pressure builds up and is maintained in the line 13 after the vacuum pump has started. This pressure acts on the piston 23 and overcomes the force of the spring 31, so that the inlet opening 25 of the pressure medium line 24 is closed.
  • the suction nozzle valve 4 is in its open position, so that the recipient connected to the suction nozzle 3 is evacuated.
  • the inlet opening 25 is opened so that, owing to the atmospheric pressure prevailing on the surface of the oil in the oil reservoir 35, oil is pressed into the pressure medium line 24 and reaches cylinder 9 under the piston 8.
  • the amount of oil located below the piston 23 and in the oil reservoir 35 is so small that the oil entering the cylinder 9 serves essentially only to seal the piston 8 against its cylinder wall.
  • the actual pressure medium for actuating the piston 8 is the air which, following the oil, passes through the oil supply 35 into the pressure medium line 24.
  • the total amount of oil in the cylinder 22 and in the oil reservoir 35 is therefore chosen so large or small that on the one hand a seal of the gap between the piston 8 and the cylinder wall 9 is ensured during the closing process and on the other hand the pump is ventilated shortly after being switched off.
  • a particular advantage of the described embodiment of the suction nozzle valve 4 and its control means which operate as a function of the oil pressure is that both cylinder-piston devices 8, 9 and 22, 23 are hardly susceptible to tolerances because of the desired gap between the piston and the cylinder and therefore without special costs can be produced.
  • the control means can be adjusted in such a way that even with relatively small pressure drops in the oil circuit (e.g. a drop in the set pressure of approx. 1.7 bar to 1.4 bar) the inlet opening 25 of the pressure medium line 24 is released.
  • the response time of the suction nozzle valve 4 is so small due to the hydropneumatic actuation that it is ensured that the suction nozzle valve is closed before the vacuum pump finally runs out.
  • the control of the suction nozzle valve by the oil pressure in an oil circuit which is supplied by an oil pump arranged on the pump shaft, has the advantage of fast and safe operation, since the operating state of the pump can clearly be derived from the oil pressure in the oil circuit.
  • the outlet opening 14 of the line 13 is assigned a resilient cover 41 which - together with a special design of the wall 42 in the region of the outlet opening 14 - fulfills several functions.
  • the outlet opening 14 is surrounded by a concentric groove 43 in the wall 42 which extends into a bore 44 through which the oil serving to supply the pump chamber passes.
  • This bore is also equipped with a throttle 45, the size of which is adapted to the suction power or the oil requirement of the respective pump.
  • the resilient cover 41 which preferably consists of an elastic steel band section, covers both the outlet opening 14 of the oil pressure line 13 and the bore 44. Their force and the distance of the fastening points 46, 47 from the oil channels 13, 44 are selected in this way.
  • the pressure oil is expanded to the pressure in the oil box as a result of the throttle 15 and initially flows into the groove 43 surrounding the outlet opening 14. Part of the oil flows out of this groove, which is connected to the bore 44, as a result of the Suction effect of the pump chamber through the bore 44 or throttle 45. Excess oil is returned to oil reservoir 2.
  • the resilient cover 41 ensures that only such oil flows through the bore 44 and the throttle 45 that has emerged from the outlet opening 14. Therefore, only oil that has flowed through the oil filter 19 enters the pump chamber. The pump room is therefore no longer affected by dirty oil. Nevertheless, the pump works like a self-priming pump, i.e. that is, it determines the amount of oil it needs itself. B. small amounts of oil through the throttle 45, so that undesirably high proportions of oil vapor are not present in the pumped media emerging from the pump. Regardless of this, it is ensured that the bearings are supplied with pressure oil.
  • the resilient cover and the special groove design ensure that the oil is shut off when the pump is not running.
  • the negative pressure acting through the bore 44 in the pump chamber causes the resilient cover to bear tightly against the wall 42.
  • the cover completely blocks the bore 44, so that the oil supply to the vacuum pump is stopped.
  • Fig. 2 shows a rotary vane vacuum pump.
  • the conveyed gases pass through the suction nozzle 3, the open suction nozzle valve 4, via the suction channel 51, which is not visible in the drawing plane and is therefore shown as an arrow, into the pump chamber 52, in which the rotor 53 with the slides 54 is located.
  • the compressed gases pass through the outlet channel 55 into the oil box 1, which is filled with oil up to the line 56, so that the resilient cover 41 lies below the oil level.
  • the actual exhaust pipe is not shown.
  • the end wall 42 of the pump body 57 arranged in the oil box 1 is shown in view in its lower part.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show sections through this end wall at the level of lines 111-111 and IV-IV.
  • the oil pressure line 13 ends with the throttle point 15.
  • the lubrication of the bearing of the pump shaft (not shown) arranged in the end wall 42 via the branch line 17 designed as a bore. This bore is closed to the outside by the plug 58.
  • the resilient cover 41 (shown in broken lines in FIG. 2) is fastened on the end wall 42 by means of the screws 46, 47. It covers the two openings 14 and 44 and the groove 43 surrounding the opening 14.
  • the nozzle 15 is produced by drilling the end wall 42 on both sides.
  • the nozzle 45 is screwed into the end wall 42 by means of a thread 59, so that different nozzles can be used depending on the suction power of the pump.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vakuumpumpe mit einem Saugstutzenventil, das ein mit dem Kolben einer Zylinder-Kolben-Einrichtung verbundenes Verschlußelement aufweist, wobei in den Zylinder das eine Ende einer Druckmittelleitung mündet, deren anderem Ende ein Ventil zugeordnet ist, welches die Druckmittelleitung in Abhängigkeit vom Betriebszustand der Pumpe öffnet oder verschließt. Außerdem bezieht sich die Erfindung auf ein zweckmäßiges Betriebsverfahren für eine Vakuumpumpe mit einem in Abhängigkeit vom Betriebszustand der Pumpe arbeitenden Saugstutzenventil.The invention relates to a vacuum pump with a suction port valve, which has a closure element connected to the piston of a cylinder-piston device, one end of a pressure medium line opening into the cylinder, the other end of which is assigned a valve, which depends on the pressure medium line opens or closes from the operating state of the pump. The invention also relates to an expedient operating method for a vacuum pump with a suction nozzle valve which operates as a function of the operating state of the pump.

Rotierende Vakuumpumpen werden mit Dichtungsflüssigkeiten, vorzugsweise Öl, betrieben, um hohe Endvakuumverte zu erreichen. Gleichzeitig dient das Öl der Schmierung von Lagerungen und der Kühlung der Pumpe. Nach dem Anhalten derartiger Pumpen - sei es durch normales Abschalten, Stromausfall oder eine andere Betriebsstörung - besteht die Gefahr, daß Öl in den Rezipienten hochsteigt, insbesondere wenn dieser unter Vakuum steht, und dort unerwünschte Verunreinigungen verursacht. Zur Vermeidung dieser Nachteile sind eine Reihe von Lösungen bekannt, die in dem Aufsatz « Saugstutzensperre verhindert Ölrücksteigen an rotierenden Vakuumpumpen •, Maschinenmarkt, Würzburg, 79 (1973), 54, Seiten 1191 bis 1193, beschrieben sind. Unter anderem ist es daraus vorbekannt, eine Vakuumpumpe mit einem Saugstutzenventil der eingangs erwähnten Art auszurüsten (Bild 4 dieses Aufsatzes). Als Druckmittel dient Luft. Die Eintrittsöffnung der Druckmittelleitung ist je nach Betriebszustand der Pumpe geschlossen oder offen. Hierzu ist ein auf der Pumpenwelle angeordneter Fliehkraftschalter vorgesehen, mit dessen Hilfe die Eintrittsöffnung der Druckmittelleitung während des Anlaufens der Pumpe verschlossen wird. Dadurch wird die Öffnungsbewegung des Verschlußelementes des Saugstutzenventils bewirkt. Kommt die Vakuumpumpe, aus welchem Grund auch immer, zum Stillstand, dann bewirkt der Fliehkraftschalter ein Freigeben der Eintrittsöffnung, so daß Luft unter Atmosphärendruck in den Zylinder mit dem Kolben des Saugstutzenventils eindringt und dadurch die Schließbewegung des Saugstutzenventils bewirkt. Zusätzlich ist eine Düse vorgesehen, über die nach der Einleitung der Schließbewegung des Saugstutzenventils eine Belüftung des Pumpenraumes erfolgt.Rotating vacuum pumps are operated with sealing liquids, preferably oil, in order to achieve high final vacuum levels. At the same time, the oil is used to lubricate bearings and to cool the pump. After stopping such pumps - be it due to a normal shutdown, power failure or any other malfunction - there is a risk that oil will rise in the recipient, especially if it is under vacuum, and cause undesirable contamination there. To avoid these disadvantages, a number of solutions are known which are described in the essay “Intake manifold block prevents oil return on rotating vacuum pumps •, Maschinenmarkt, Würzburg, 79 (1973), 54, pages 1191 to 1193. Among other things, it is known from this to equip a vacuum pump with a suction nozzle valve of the type mentioned at the beginning (Figure 4 of this article). Air serves as the pressure medium. The inlet opening of the pressure medium line is closed or open, depending on the operating state of the pump. For this purpose, a centrifugal switch is provided on the pump shaft, with the help of which the inlet opening of the pressure medium line is closed when the pump starts up. This causes the opening movement of the closure element of the suction nozzle valve. If, for whatever reason, the vacuum pump comes to a standstill, the centrifugal switch releases the inlet opening, so that air at atmospheric pressure penetrates into the cylinder with the piston of the suction nozzle valve and thereby causes the closing movement of the suction nozzle valve. In addition, a nozzle is provided, via which the pump chamber is ventilated after the closing movement of the suction nozzle valve has been initiated.

Nachteilig an der vorbekannten Lösung ist, daß der unerwünschte Luftschluck, der ein Ansteigen des Druckes im am Saugstutzen angeschlossenen Rezipienten bewirkt, immer noch vorhanden ist, da nicht völlig vermieden werden kann, daß ein Teil der die Bewegung des Kolbens des Saugstutzenventils verursachenden Luft zwischen Kolben und Zylinder bereits zu einem Zeitpunkt in den Saugraum dringt, in dem das Saugstutzenventil noch nicht seine Schlie- βstellung eingenommen hat. Zusätzlich dringt Luft durch die der Belüftung des Pumpenraumes dienende Düse in den Saugraum und vergrößert dadurch den Luftschluck. Der Luftschluck könnte bei der vorbekannten Lösung nur durch ein sehr enges Spiel zwischen Kolben und Zylinder und durch Verzicht auf eine der späteren Belüftung der Pumpe dienende Düse erreicht werden. Eine solche Lösung hätte nicht nur den Nachteil, daß eine selbsttätige Belüftung des Pumpenraumes nach einem Stillstand nicht mehr eintritt, sondern auch den Mangel, daß eine mit äußerst engen Toleranzen hergestellte Zylinder-Kolben-Einrichtung empfindlich gegen Verschmutzungen ist. Tritt z. B. eine Ölverschmutzung auf, die bei ölgedichteten Drehschieberpumpen häufiger vorkommt, dann arbeitet ein derartiges SaugstutzenVentil nicht mehr zuverlässig. Die Öffnungszeit wird erheblich verlängert, beziehungsweise bei kleinen Druckdifferenzen öffnet das Ventil über haupt nicht mehr. Ein weiterer Nachteil der Spieleinengung besteht in dem erheblichen Anstieg der Herstellkosten.A disadvantage of the previously known solution is that the undesirable air intake, which causes an increase in pressure in the recipient connected to the suction port, is still present, since it cannot be completely avoided that part of the air causing the movement of the piston of the suction port valve between the pistons and the cylinder already enters the suction chamber at a time when the suction port valve has not yet reached its closed position. In addition, air penetrates through the nozzle for ventilation of the pump chamber into the suction chamber, thereby increasing the air intake. In the previously known solution, the air intake could only be achieved by a very tight play between the piston and the cylinder and by dispensing with a nozzle which later served to vent the pump. Such a solution would not only have the disadvantage that an automatic ventilation of the pump room no longer occurs after a standstill, but also the lack that a cylinder-piston device manufactured with extremely tight tolerances is sensitive to contamination. Occurs z. If there is oil pollution, for example, which occurs more frequently in oil-sealed rotary vane pumps, such a suction nozzle valve no longer works reliably. The opening time is extended considerably, or the valve no longer opens at all at small pressure differences. Another disadvantage of narrowing the game is the considerable increase in manufacturing costs.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vakuumpumpe mit einem Saugstutzenventil der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei der trotz des Vorhandenseins einer relativ großen Toleranz in der Zylinder-Kolben-Einrichtung für das Saugstutzenventil der unerwünschte Luftschluck praktisch nicht mehr auftritt.The present invention has for its object to provide a vacuum pump with a suction port valve of the type mentioned, in which, despite the presence of a relatively large tolerance in the cylinder-piston device for the suction port valve, the undesirable air intake practically no longer occurs.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß sich oberhalb der Eintrittsöffnung der Druckmittelleitung zum Zwecke der Überlagerung dieser Eintrittsöffnung mit Öl ein zur Atmosphäre hin offenes Ölvorratsgefäß befindet und daß die die Eintrittsöffnung überlagernde Ölmenge so gering ist, daß sie während des Schließvorganges des Saugstutzenventiles im wesentlichen nur der Abdichtung des zwischen dem Kolben und dem Zylinder bestehenden Spaltes dient. Wird eine in dieser Weise ausgebildete Pumpe stillgesetzt, dann gelangt - zumindest zunächst - nicht Luft, sondern Öl unter den der Betätigung des Saugstutzenventils dienenden Kolben, so daß ein Luftschluck nicht mehr auftreten kann. Nachdem das Öl seine Abdichtungsfunktion erfüllt hat, gelangt Luft unter den Kolben. Eine derartige hydropneumatische Betätigung des Saugstutzenventils hat im Vergleich zu einer vollständig hydraulischen Betätigung den Vorteil wesentlich kürzerer Schließzeiten.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that an oil reservoir open to the atmosphere is located above the inlet opening of the pressure medium line for the purpose of superimposing this inlet opening with oil, and in that the oil quantity overlying the inlet opening is so small that it essentially only during the closing process of the suction nozzle valve serves to seal the gap existing between the piston and the cylinder. If a pump designed in this way is shut down, then - at least initially - not oil but oil gets under the pistons which serve to actuate the suction nozzle valve, so that an air swallow can no longer occur. After the oil has performed its sealing function, air gets under the piston. Such a hydropneumatic actuation of the suction nozzle valve has the advantage of significantly shorter closing times compared to a fully hydraulic actuation.

Weiterhin ist zweckmäßig, das zwischen dem Kolben und dem Zylinder bestehende Spiel so groß zu wählen, daß nach dem Verschließen des Saugstutzenventils über den vorhandenen Spalt die Belüftung der Pumpe erfolgt. Eine gesonderte Düse zur Belüftung des Pumpenraumes ist dann nicht mehr erforderlich. Außerdem ist die Herstellung von Zylinder-Kolben-Einrichtungen mit relativ großem Spiel nicht mit hohen Kosten verbunden.Furthermore, it is expedient to choose the clearance between the piston and the cylinder so large that after the suction nozzle valve is closed, the pump is vented through the existing gap. A separate nozzle for ventilation of the pump room is then no longer necessary. In addition, the manufacture of cylinder-piston devices with a relatively large clearance is not associated with high costs.

Ein weiterer Vorteil im Rahmen der Erfindung besteht darin, daß die Steuerung des Saugstutzenventils derart betrieben werden kann, daß sie in Abhängigkeit vom Öldruck in einem u. a. der Versorgung der Lagerungen der Vakuumpumpe dienenden Ölkreislauf erfolgt. Damit kann in besonders einfacher und sicherer Weise eine hydro-pneumatische Betätigung des Saugstutzenventils realisiert werden.Another advantage in the context of the invention consists in the fact that the control of the suction nozzle valve can be operated in such a way that it takes place depending on the oil pressure in an oil circuit serving among other things to supply the bearings of the vacuum pump. This enables a hydro-pneumatic actuation of the suction nozzle valve to be implemented in a particularly simple and safe manner.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung sollen anhand von in den Figuren 1 bis 4 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert werden. Es zeigen :

  • Figur 1 ein Schema eines Ölkreislaufs in einer Vakuumpumpe nach der Erfindung mit hydropneumatisch gesteuertem Saugstutzenventil,
  • Figur 2 ein Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Vakuumpumpe nach der Erfindung, teilweise im Schnitt, teilweise in Ansicht der vorderen Stirnwand des Pumpenkörpers,
  • Figur 3 einen Schnitt durch die Stirnwand des Pumpenkörpers nach der Linie 111-111 in Fig. 2 und
  • Figur 4 einen Schnitt durch die Stirnwand des Pumpenkörpers nach der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 2.
Further advantages and details of the invention will be explained on the basis of the exemplary embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4. Show it :
  • 1 shows a diagram of an oil circuit in a vacuum pump according to the invention with a hydropneumatically controlled suction port valve,
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a vacuum pump according to the invention, partly in section, partly in a view of the front end wall of the pump body,
  • 3 shows a section through the end wall of the pump body along the line 111-111 in Fig. 2 and
  • FIG. 4 shows a section through the end wall of the pump body along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2.

Beim Schema nach Fig. 1 sind im wesentlichen nur diejenigen Teile der erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumpumpe dargestellt, die im Rahmen der Erfindung eine besondere Rolle spielen. Mit 1 ist der Ölkasten oder das äußere Pumpengehäuse bezeichnet, das teilweise mit Öl 2 gefüllt ist. Im Schnitt dargestellt ist weiterhin der Saugstutzen 3 mit dem Saugstutzenventil 4, das von dem plattenförmigen Ventilsitz 5 mit der Öffnung 6 und dem Ventilteller 7 gebildet wird. Der Ventilteller 7 steht mit einem Kolben 8 in Verbindung, der im Zylinder 9 verschiebbar angeordnet ist.1 only those parts of the vacuum pump according to the invention are shown which play a special role in the context of the invention. With 1 the oil box or the outer pump housing is designated, which is partially filled with oil 2. Also shown in section is the suction nozzle 3 with the suction nozzle valve 4, which is formed by the plate-shaped valve seat 5 with the opening 6 and the valve plate 7. The valve plate 7 is connected to a piston 8, which is arranged displaceably in the cylinder 9.

Der Ölkreislauf der Pumpe wird gebildet von der Ansaugleitung 11, über die mittels der Ölpumpe 12 Öl aus dem Ölvorrat 2 in die Öldruckleitung 13 gefördert wird. Im Bereich der Austrittsöffnung 14 der Öldruckleitung 13 ist eine Drossel 15 angeordnet, welche für die Aufrechterhaltung des gewünschten Öldruckes (zwischen 1,5 und 2 bar, vorzugsweise 1,7 bar) sorgt und über die der Abbau des Druckes auf den Druck im Ölkasten 1 erfolgt. Über Abzweigungen 16, 17, 18 erfolgt die Versorgung der in der Pumpe vorhandenen Lagerungen mit Drucköl. Drei Ölversorgungsleitungen (16, 17, 18) sind im Falle einer zweistufigen Pumpe erforderlich, bei der zwei Endlager und ein Zwischenlager der beiden Rotoren mit Öl versorgt werden müssen. Im Falle einer einstufigen Pumpe reichen zwei der drei Abzweigleitungen aus. Nach dem Druchströmen der Lagerungen gelangt das in die Abzweigleitungen 16, 17, 18 eingetretene Öl wieder in den Ölvorrat 2.The oil circuit of the pump is formed by the intake line 11, via which oil is conveyed from the oil supply 2 into the oil pressure line 13 by means of the oil pump 12. In the area of the outlet opening 14 of the oil pressure line 13, a throttle 15 is arranged, which ensures the maintenance of the desired oil pressure (between 1.5 and 2 bar, preferably 1.7 bar) and via which the pressure is reduced to the pressure in the oil box 1 he follows. The bearings in the pump are supplied with pressure oil via branches 16, 17, 18. Three oil supply lines (16, 17, 18) are required in the case of a two-stage pump, in which two end bearings and an intermediate bearing of the two rotors have to be supplied with oil. In the case of a single-stage pump, two of the three branch lines are sufficient. After the bearings have flowed through, the oil that has entered the branch lines 16, 17, 18 returns to the oil reservoir 2.

In die Druckölleitung 13 ist unmittelbar hinter der Ölpumpe 12 ein Ölfilter 19 eingeschaltet, so daß sichergestellt ist, daß ausschließlich gereinigtes Öl durch die Leitung 13 und durch die daran angeschlossenen Abzweigleitungen strömt.An oil filter 19 is switched on in the pressure oil line 13 immediately behind the oil pump 12, so that it is ensured that only cleaned oil flows through the line 13 and through the branch lines connected to it.

Eine weitere Abzweigleitung 21 mündet in den Steuerzylinder 22, in dem sich der Steuerkolben 23 befindet. Auf der der Einmündung der Leitung 21 gegenüberliegenden Seite des Kolbens 23 mündet die Druckmittelleitung 24 in den Zylinder 22, deren anderes Ende mit dem Zylinder 9 auf der dem Ventilteller 7 abgewandten Seite des Kolbens 8 verbunden ist. Die Eintrittsöffnung 25 der Druckmittelleitung 24 in den Zylinder 22 ist als Ventilsitz ausgebildet. Dazu ist in die Eintrittsöffnungen 25 ein Stöpsel 26 mit einem Dichtwulst 27 eingesteckt. Als Verschlußglied dient die Stirnseite 28 eines zylindrischen Ansatzes 29 am Steuerkolben 23 mit gegenüber dem Steuerkolben verringertem Durchmesser. Der Steuerkolben 23 steht unter der Wirkung einer Feder 31, die zwischen dem Steuerkolben 23 und der Stirnwand 32 mit der Eintrittsöffnung 25 der Druckmittelleitung 24 angeordnet und als Druckfeder ausgebildet ist.Another branch line 21 opens into the control cylinder 22, in which the control piston 23 is located. On the side of the piston 23 opposite the mouth of the line 21, the pressure medium line 24 opens into the cylinder 22, the other end of which is connected to the cylinder 9 on the side of the piston 8 facing away from the valve plate 7. The inlet opening 25 of the pressure medium line 24 in the cylinder 22 is designed as a valve seat. For this purpose, a plug 26 with a sealing bead 27 is inserted into the inlet openings 25. The end face 28 of a cylindrical projection 29 on the control piston 23 with a reduced diameter compared to the control piston serves as the closure member. The control piston 23 is under the action of a spring 31, which is arranged between the control piston 23 and the end wall 32 with the inlet opening 25 of the pressure medium line 24 and is designed as a compression spring.

Der zylindrische Ansatz 29 ist mittels des Gewindes 33 in den Steuerkolben 23 einschraubbar, so daß auf die im Schließzustand des Steuerventils 27, 28 wirkende Kraft der Feder 31 Einfluß genommen werden kann.The cylindrical projection 29 can be screwed into the control piston 23 by means of the thread 33, so that the force of the spring 31 acting in the closed state of the control valve 27, 28 can be influenced.

In den Zylinder 22 mündet eine weitere Leitung 34, die mit einem oben offenen Ölvorratsgefäß 35 geringen Volumens verbunden ist. Die Einmündung der Leitung 34 in den Zylinder 22 liegt auf der der Einmündung der Leitung 21 entgegengesetzten Seite des Steuerkolbens 23.A further line 34 opens into the cylinder 22 and is connected to an oil reservoir 35 of small volume which is open at the top. The junction of the line 34 in the cylinder 22 lies on the side of the control piston 23 opposite the junction of the line 21.

Während des Betriebs einer nach diesem Schema aufgebauten Pumpe fördert die Ölpumpe 12 Öl aus dem Ölvorrat 2 in die Öldruckleitung 13. Die Ölpumpe 12 kann als Drehschieberpumpe oder Zahnradpumpe ausgebildet sein und ist in bekannter Weise mit der Pumpenwelle als Antrieb gekoppelt (vgl. GB-PS 875 444). Die Fördereigenschaften der Pumpe 12 und die Größe der Drossel 15 sind so bemessen, daß sich nach dem Anlaufen der Vakuumpumpe der gewünschte Öldruck in der Leitung 13 aufbaut und gehalten wird. Dieser Druck wirkt auf den Kolben 23 und überwindet die Kraft der Feder 31, so daß die Eintrittsöffnung 25 der Druckmittelleitung 24 verschlossen ist. Das Saugstutzenventil 4 befindet sich in seiner Offenstellung, so daß der an den Saugstutzen 3 angeschlossene Rezipient evakuiert wird.During the operation of a pump constructed according to this scheme, the oil pump 12 conveys oil from the oil supply 2 into the oil pressure line 13. The oil pump 12 can be designed as a rotary vane pump or gear pump and is coupled in a known manner to the pump shaft as a drive (cf. GB-PS 875 444). The delivery characteristics of the pump 12 and the size of the throttle 15 are dimensioned such that the desired oil pressure builds up and is maintained in the line 13 after the vacuum pump has started. This pressure acts on the piston 23 and overcomes the force of the spring 31, so that the inlet opening 25 of the pressure medium line 24 is closed. The suction nozzle valve 4 is in its open position, so that the recipient connected to the suction nozzle 3 is evacuated.

Während dieses Betriebszustandes strömen durch die Öldruckleitung 13 bestimmte Ölmengen, die mit 0" Q2 und 03 bezeichnet sind. Der Kolben 23 bildet mit der Wand des Zylinders 22 einen relativ großen Spalt 36, so daß sich der Zylinderraum 22 unterhalb des Kolbens 23 und der Ölvorratsraum 35 mit Öl füllen. Wegen des Spaltes 36 wird ein ständiger Ölstrom mit der Menge Q4 aufrechterhalten. Überschüssiges Öl gelangt vom Ölvorrat 35 wieder in den Öivorrat 2. Die Ölpumpe 12 ist so dimensioniert, daß der gesamte Öikreislauf mit Überschußöl gefahren wird, d. h., zu jeder Zeit strömt mehr Öl durch den Ölkreislauf, als von der Pumpe benötigt wird.During this operating state, certain oil quantities flow through the oil pressure line 13, which are denoted by 0 "Q 2 and 0 3. The piston 23 forms a relatively large gap 36 with the wall of the cylinder 22, so that the cylinder space 22 underneath the piston 23 and Fill the oil reservoir 35 with oil, because of the gap 36, a constant oil flow with the quantity Q 4 is maintained. that is, more oil flows through the oil circuit at all times than is required by the pump.

Wird die Pumpe abgestellt, nimmt gleichzeitig die von der Ölpumpe 12 geförderte Ölmenge ab, so daß der Öldruck in der Leitung 13 nachläßt. Bei Unterschreiten eines bestimmten DruckesIf the pump is switched off, the amount of oil delivered by the oil pump 12 decreases at the same time, so that the oil pressure in the line 13 decreases. When falling below a certain pressure

wird die Eintrittsöffnung 25 freigegeben, so daß infolge des auf der Oberfläche des Öls in dem Ölvorrat 35 herrschenden Atmosphärendruckes Öl in die Druckmittelleitung 24 gedrückt wird und unter den Kolben 8 in Zylinder 9 gelangt. Die unterhalb des Kolbens 23 und im Ölvorrat 35 befindliche Ölmenge ist so gering, daß das in den Zylinder 9 gelangende Öl im wesentlichen nur der Abdichtung des Kolbens 8 gegenüber seiner Zylinderwand dient. Das eigentliche Druckmittel zur Betätigung des Kolbens 8 ist die Luft, die im Anschluß an das Öl durch den Ölvorrat 35 in die Druckmittelleitung 24 gelangt. Die gesamte im Zylinder 22 und im Ölvorratsgefäß 35 befindliche Ölmenge ist deshalb so groß bzw. klein gewählt, daß einerseits eine Abdichtung des Spaltes zwischen Kolben 8 und Zylinderwand 9 während des Schließvorganges sichergestellt ist und andererseits die Pumpe kurz nach dem Abschalten belüftet wird. Diese Vorgänge bewirken ein Schließen des Saugstutzenventils 4 ohne den unerwünschten Luftschluck. Nachdem das Saugstutzenventil 4 geschlossen ist und die nachdrängende Luft das zwischen dem Kolben 8 und der Zylinderwandung 9 befindliche Öl verdrängt hat, erfolgt hierüber die Belüftung des Pumpenraumes. Die Funktion der Saugstutzenventilsteuerung ist unabhängig von der Existenz eines Ölfilters 19, d. h., auch bei einem Ölkreislauf ohne Ölfilter 19 (vgl. gestrichelt eingezeichneten Leitungsabschnitt 20) arbeiten das Saugstutzenventil und seine Steuermittel einwandfrei.the inlet opening 25 is opened so that, owing to the atmospheric pressure prevailing on the surface of the oil in the oil reservoir 35, oil is pressed into the pressure medium line 24 and reaches cylinder 9 under the piston 8. The amount of oil located below the piston 23 and in the oil reservoir 35 is so small that the oil entering the cylinder 9 serves essentially only to seal the piston 8 against its cylinder wall. The actual pressure medium for actuating the piston 8 is the air which, following the oil, passes through the oil supply 35 into the pressure medium line 24. The total amount of oil in the cylinder 22 and in the oil reservoir 35 is therefore chosen so large or small that on the one hand a seal of the gap between the piston 8 and the cylinder wall 9 is ensured during the closing process and on the other hand the pump is ventilated shortly after being switched off. These processes cause the suction nozzle valve 4 to close without the undesirable air intake. After the suction port valve 4 is closed and the urging air has displaced the oil between the piston 8 and the cylinder wall 9, the pump chamber is ventilated. The function of the intake valve control is independent of the existence of an oil filter 19, i. In other words, even in an oil circuit without an oil filter 19 (see line section 20 shown in dashed lines), the suction nozzle valve and its control means work perfectly.

Ein besonderer Vorteil der beschriebenen Ausführung des Saugstutzenventils 4 und seiner in Abhängigkeit vom Öldruck arbeitenden Steuermittel liegt noch darin, daß beide Zylinder-Kolben-Einrichtungen 8, 9 bzw. 22, 23 wegen der erwünschten Spalte zwischen Kolben und Zylinder kaum toleranzanfällig sind und deshalb ohne besonderen Kostenaufwand herstellbar sind. Durch geeignete Wahl der strömenden Ölmengen 01 und 04, der Drosselstellendurchmesser und durch entsprechendes Anpassen der Kraft der Feder 31 können die Steuermittel derart justiert werden, daß bereits bei relativ kleinen Drucksenkungen im Ölkreislauf (z. B. ein Absinken des Solldruckes von ca. 1,7 bar auf 1,4 bar) die Eintrittsöffnung 25 der Druckmittelleitung 24 freigegeben wird. Die Ansprechzeit des Saugstutzenventils 4 ist aufgrund der hydropneumatischen Betätigung so klein, daß sichergestellt ist, daß bereits vor dem endgültigen Auslaufen der Vakuumpumpe das Saugstutzenventil geschlossen ist. Generell hat die Ansteuerung des Saugstutzenventils durch den Öldruck in einem Ölkreislauf, der von einer auf der Pumpenwele angeordneten Ölpumpe versorgt wird, den Vorteil einer schnellen und sicheren Betriebsweise, da vom Öldruck im Ölkreislauf eindeutig der Betriebszustand der Pumpe abgeleitet werden kann.A particular advantage of the described embodiment of the suction nozzle valve 4 and its control means which operate as a function of the oil pressure is that both cylinder-piston devices 8, 9 and 22, 23 are hardly susceptible to tolerances because of the desired gap between the piston and the cylinder and therefore without special costs can be produced. By a suitable choice of the flowing oil quantities 0 1 and 0 4 , the throttle diameter and by appropriate adjustment of the force of the spring 31, the control means can be adjusted in such a way that even with relatively small pressure drops in the oil circuit (e.g. a drop in the set pressure of approx. 1.7 bar to 1.4 bar) the inlet opening 25 of the pressure medium line 24 is released. The response time of the suction nozzle valve 4 is so small due to the hydropneumatic actuation that it is ensured that the suction nozzle valve is closed before the vacuum pump finally runs out. In general, the control of the suction nozzle valve by the oil pressure in an oil circuit, which is supplied by an oil pump arranged on the pump shaft, has the advantage of fast and safe operation, since the operating state of the pump can clearly be derived from the oil pressure in the oil circuit.

Der Austrittsöffnung 14 der Leitung 13 ist eine federnde Abdeckung 41 zugeordnet, die - gemeinsam mit einer besonderen Gestaltung der Wandung 42 im Bereich der Austrittsöffnung 14 - mehrere Funktionen erfüllt. Die Austrittsöffnung 14 ist von einer konzentrischen Nut 43 in der Wandung 42 umgeben, die bis in eine Bohrung 44 reicht, durch die das der Versorgung des Pumpenraumes dienende Öl hindurchtritt. Diese Bohrung ist ebenfalls mit einer Drossel 45 ausgerüstet, deren Größe der Saugleistung bzw. dem Ölbedarf der jeweiligen Pumpe angepaßt ist. Die federnde Abdeckung 41, die vorzugsweise aus einem elastischen Stahlbandabschnitt besteht, überdeckt sowohl die Austrittsöffnung 14 der Öldruckleitung 13 als auch die Bohrung 44. Ihre Kraft und der Abstand der Befestigungspunkte 46, 47 von den Ölkanälen 13, 44 sind so gewählt. daß sie für das aus der Austrittsöffnung 14 austretende Öl eine Druckstufe mit einer vernachlässigbaren Druckdifferenz darstellt. Praktisch tritt das Öl mit dem Druck des Ölkastens aus der Austrittsöffnung 14 aus. Außerdem gilt auch an dieser Stelle des Ölkreislaufs, daß er mit Überschußöl gegahren wird, d. h., daß selbst bei Enddruckbetrieb der Pumpe durch die Austrittsöffnung 14 mehr Öl austritt, als von der Pumpe durch die Bohrung 44 bzw. Drossel 45 angesaugt wird.The outlet opening 14 of the line 13 is assigned a resilient cover 41 which - together with a special design of the wall 42 in the region of the outlet opening 14 - fulfills several functions. The outlet opening 14 is surrounded by a concentric groove 43 in the wall 42 which extends into a bore 44 through which the oil serving to supply the pump chamber passes. This bore is also equipped with a throttle 45, the size of which is adapted to the suction power or the oil requirement of the respective pump. The resilient cover 41, which preferably consists of an elastic steel band section, covers both the outlet opening 14 of the oil pressure line 13 and the bore 44. Their force and the distance of the fastening points 46, 47 from the oil channels 13, 44 are selected in this way. that it represents a pressure stage with a negligible pressure difference for the oil emerging from the outlet opening 14. In practice, the oil emerges from the outlet opening 14 with the pressure of the oil box. In addition, it also applies at this point in the oil circuit that it is run with excess oil, i. That is, even when the pump is operating at the end pressure, more oil emerges through the outlet opening 14 than is sucked in by the pump through the bore 44 or throttle 45.

Während des Betriebs der Pumpe wird das Drucköl infolge der Drossel 15 auf den Druck im Ölkasten entspannt und strömt zunächst in die die Austrittsöffnung 14 umgebende Nut 43. Aus dieser Nut, die mit der Bohrung 44 in Verbindung steht, strömt ein Teil des Öles infolge der Saugwirkung des Pumpenraumes durch die Bohrung 44 bzw. Drossel 45 hindurch. Überschüssiges Öl gelangt in den Ölvorrat 2 zurück. Durch die federnde Abdeckung 41 ist sichergestellt, daß durch die Bohrung 44 und die Drossel 45 nur solches Öl strömt, das aus der Austrittsöffnung 14 ausgetreten ist. In den Pumpenraum gelangt deshalb ausschließlich Öl, das den Ölfilter 19 durchströmt hat. Beeinträchtigungen des Pumpenraumes durch verschmutztes Öl treten deshalb nicht mehr auf. Dennoch arbeitet die Pumpe wie eine selbstansaugende Pumpe, d. h., sie bestimmt die von ihr benötigte Ölmenge selbst. In hohen Druckbereichen treten z. B. geringe Ölmengen durch die Drossel 45 hindurch, so daß unerwünscht hohe Öldampfanteile in den aus der Pumpe austretenden geförderten Medien nicht vorhanden sind. Unabhängig davon ist sichergestellt, daß die Lagerungen mit Drucköl versorgt werden.During operation of the pump, the pressure oil is expanded to the pressure in the oil box as a result of the throttle 15 and initially flows into the groove 43 surrounding the outlet opening 14. Part of the oil flows out of this groove, which is connected to the bore 44, as a result of the Suction effect of the pump chamber through the bore 44 or throttle 45. Excess oil is returned to oil reservoir 2. The resilient cover 41 ensures that only such oil flows through the bore 44 and the throttle 45 that has emerged from the outlet opening 14. Therefore, only oil that has flowed through the oil filter 19 enters the pump chamber. The pump room is therefore no longer affected by dirty oil. Nevertheless, the pump works like a self-priming pump, i.e. that is, it determines the amount of oil it needs itself. B. small amounts of oil through the throttle 45, so that undesirably high proportions of oil vapor are not present in the pumped media emerging from the pump. Regardless of this, it is ensured that the bearings are supplied with pressure oil.

Weiterhin wird durch die federnde Abdeckung und die spezielle Nutausbildung eine Ölabsperrung bei Stillstand der Pumpe erreicht. In diesem Betriebszustand bewirkt der durch die Bohrung 44 hindurch wirkende Unterdruck im Pumpenraum, daß sich die federnde Abdeckung dicht an die Wandung 42 anlegt. Dadurch versperrt die Abdeckung die Bohrung 44 vollständig, so daß die Ölzufuhr zur Vakuumpumpe unterbleibt. Durch diese Lösung ergibt sich ein weiterer Vorteil. Es existiert generell das Problem, daß es bei einem versehentlichen Rückwärtsiauf der Pumpe (infolge falschen Stromanschlusses) zu einem unerwünschten Ölanstieg im Saugstutzen kommt. Durch diese Anordnung wird dieser Ölanstieg zuverlässig verhindert.Furthermore, the resilient cover and the special groove design ensure that the oil is shut off when the pump is not running. In this operating state, the negative pressure acting through the bore 44 in the pump chamber causes the resilient cover to bear tightly against the wall 42. As a result, the cover completely blocks the bore 44, so that the oil supply to the vacuum pump is stopped. This solution has another advantage. There is generally the problem that if the pump is accidentally reversed (due to incorrect power connection), there is an undesirable increase in oil in the suction nozzle is coming. This arrangement reliably prevents this increase in oil.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Drehschiebervakuumpumpe. Während des Betriebs der Pumpe gelangen die geförderten Gase durch den Saugstutzen 3, das offene Saugstutzenventil 4, über den in der Zeichnungsebene nicht sichtbaren und deshalb als Pfeil dargestellten Saugkanal 51 in den Pumpenraum 52, in dem sich der Rotor 53 mit den Schiebern 54 befindet. Die komprimierten Gase gelangen durch den Austrittskanal 55 in den Ölkasten 1, der bis zur Linie 56 mit Öl gefüllt ist, so daß die federnde Abdeckung 41 unterhalb des Ölspiegels liegt. Der eigentliche Auspuffstutzen ist nicht dargestellt.Fig. 2 shows a rotary vane vacuum pump. During operation of the pump, the conveyed gases pass through the suction nozzle 3, the open suction nozzle valve 4, via the suction channel 51, which is not visible in the drawing plane and is therefore shown as an arrow, into the pump chamber 52, in which the rotor 53 with the slides 54 is located. The compressed gases pass through the outlet channel 55 into the oil box 1, which is filled with oil up to the line 56, so that the resilient cover 41 lies below the oil level. The actual exhaust pipe is not shown.

Die Stirnwand 42 des im Ölkasten 1 angeordneten Pumpenkörpers 57 ist in ihrem unteren Teil in Ansicht dargestellt. Schnitte durch diese Stirnwand in Höhe der Linien 111-111 und IV-IV zeigen die Figuren 3 und 4. In der Stirnwand 42 endet die Öldruckleitung 13 mit der Drosselstelle 15. Vor der Entspannung des Öls auf den Druck im Ölkasten infolge der Drossel 15 erfolgt noch die Schmierung des in der Stirnwand 42 angeordneten Lagers der Pumpwelle (nicht dargestellt) über die als Bohrung ausgebildete Abzweigleitung 17. Nach außen hin ist diese Bohrung durch den Stöpsel 58 verschlossen.The end wall 42 of the pump body 57 arranged in the oil box 1 is shown in view in its lower part. Figures 3 and 4 show sections through this end wall at the level of lines 111-111 and IV-IV. In the end wall 42, the oil pressure line 13 ends with the throttle point 15. Before the oil is released to the pressure in the oil box as a result of the throttle 15 the lubrication of the bearing of the pump shaft (not shown) arranged in the end wall 42 via the branch line 17 designed as a bore. This bore is closed to the outside by the plug 58.

Mittels der Schrauben 46, 47 ist die federnde Abdeckung 41 (in Fig. 2 gestrichelt dargestellt) auf der Stirnwand 42 befestigt. Sie überdeckt die beiden Öffnungen 14 und 44 sowie die die Öffnung 14 umgebende Nut 43. Die Düse 15 ist durch beidseitiges Bohren der Stirnwand 42 hergestellt. Die Düse 45 ist mittels eines Gewindes 59 in die Stirnwand 42 eingeschraubt, so daß je nach Saugleistung der Pumpe unterschiedliche Düsen verwendet werden können.The resilient cover 41 (shown in broken lines in FIG. 2) is fastened on the end wall 42 by means of the screws 46, 47. It covers the two openings 14 and 44 and the groove 43 surrounding the opening 14. The nozzle 15 is produced by drilling the end wall 42 on both sides. The nozzle 45 is screwed into the end wall 42 by means of a thread 59, so that different nozzles can be used depending on the suction power of the pump.

Claims (12)

1. A vacuum pump with a suction branch valve (4), which comprises a closure element (7) connected to the piston (8) of a piston-and-cylinder arrangement (8, 9), one end of a pressure-medium line (24) discharging into the cylinder (9), and a valve (27, 28) being associated with the other end of said line, which valve opens or closes the pressure-medium line (24) in dependence upon the operating condition of the pump, characterized in that, above the outlet opening (25) of the pressure-medium line (24) and for the purpose of superposing oil on this inlet opening, there is provided an oil-supply vessel (35) which is open to the atmosphere, and in that the quantity of oil superposed on the inlet opening (25) is so small that, during the closing operation of the suction branch valve (4), the oil serves mainly only to seal the gap existing between the piston (8) and the cylinder (9).
2. A vacuum pump according to Claim 1, characterized in that the clearance between the piston (8) and the cylinder (9) is so selected that after the suction branch valve closes, air is removed from the pump chamber through the gap present.
3. A vacuum pump according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an oil-circulation path (11, 13) having a separate oil pump (12) is present, which circulation path comprises a portion (13) in which an oil pressure higher than atmospheric pressure obtains, and in that the oilsupply vessel (35) communicates with a portion (13) of the oil-circulation path through a throttle (gap 36).
4. A vacuum pump according to Claim 3, characterized in that the oil pump (12) is arranged on the pump shaft in the known manner.
5. A vacuum pump according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that control means (22, 23, 31) for actuating the valve (27, 28) in dependence upon the oil pressure are associated with the portion (13) of the oil circulation path (11, 13).
6. A vacuum pump according to Claim 5, characterized in that the control means comprise a further piston-and-cylinder unit (22, 23).
7. A vacuum pump according to Claim 6, characterized in that a line (21) communicating with the portion (13) of the oil circulation path (11, 13) discharges at one side of the piston (23), and the pressure-medium line (24) discharges into the cylinder (22) at the other side of the piston (23).
8. A vacuum pump according to Claim 7, characterized in that the inlet opening (25) of the pressure-medium line (24) forms a valve seat (26, 27), with which is associated a closure member (28, 29) connected to the piston (23).
9. A vacuum pump according to Claim 8, characterized in that the closure member is an attachment (29) which can be screwed into the piston (23).
10. A vacuum pump according to any one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the piston (23) is acted upon by a spring (31), the force of which opposes the oil pressure at the other side of the piston (23).
11. A vacuum pump according to Claim 3 or 4 or any one of Claims 5 to 10, characterized in that, at that side of the piston (23) disposed opposite the mouth of the line (21), the oil-supply vessel (35), open to the atmosphere, is connected to the cylinder (22), and in that the gap (36) between the cylinder (22) and the piston (23) is of sufficient size to maintain a continuous stream of oil through the gap (36) during operation of the vacuum pump.
12. A method of operating a vacuum pump with a suction branch valve (4), operating in dependence of the operating condition of the pump, which valve comprises a closure member (7) connected to the piston (8) of a piston-and-cylinder unit (8, 9), wherein, for the purpose of actuating the valve (4), a pressure medium is passed to the cylinder (9), characterized in that first oil is passed to the cylinder (9) for the purpose of achieving the seal and then air constituting the pressure medium.
EP82109589A 1981-12-17 1982-10-16 Vacuum pump with a suction branch valve, and method for its operation Expired EP0084085B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3150033 1981-12-17
DE19813150033 DE3150033A1 (en) 1981-12-17 1981-12-17 VACUUM PUMP WITH A SUCTION VALVE AND OPERATING PROCEDURE THEREFOR

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EP0084085A1 EP0084085A1 (en) 1983-07-27
EP0084085B1 true EP0084085B1 (en) 1985-08-07

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EP (1) EP0084085B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS58107894A (en)
DE (2) DE3150033A1 (en)

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JPS58107894A (en) 1983-06-27
DE3265261D1 (en) 1985-09-12
EP0084085A1 (en) 1983-07-27
US4483667A (en) 1984-11-20
DE3150033A1 (en) 1983-07-14
JPH0324594B2 (en) 1991-04-03

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