EP0071089B1 - Building structure - Google Patents
Building structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0071089B1 EP0071089B1 EP19820106312 EP82106312A EP0071089B1 EP 0071089 B1 EP0071089 B1 EP 0071089B1 EP 19820106312 EP19820106312 EP 19820106312 EP 82106312 A EP82106312 A EP 82106312A EP 0071089 B1 EP0071089 B1 EP 0071089B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- building structure
- further characterized
- wings
- walls
- atria
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
- E04H1/04—Apartment houses arranged in two or more levels
Definitions
- This invention relates to a multi-storey building structure with habitable space which in the horizontal section comprises a cental core and a plurality of wings in the form of spokes extending radially outwardly from said central core.
- a building structure of said kind is known from FR-A-679826. It discloses a multi-storey tower comprising a central core and three wings which are disposed in equal distances as seen circumferentially leaving spaces therebetween which serve as terraces.
- the wings in the different storeys have an angular offset with respect to each other such that the habitable area of a storey is situated above the terrace of the storey below. Therefore, there is no open sky above the terraces.
- there is a space between the core and the apartment areas so that with the terraces open to the periphery of the structure there is formed a kind of venturi near the core which is intended to create a forced natural ventilation of the structure.
- the horizontal section of the building comprises a central core with useable or habitable area or wings extending radially outwards from the central core in the manner of spokes of a wheel.
- the number of wings may vary according to the particular use of the building and the details of the design.
- the invention may be realised as a multi-storey glassed-in tower which may be cylindrical in form.
- the horizontal section may be oval or oblong, for example, rather than circular.
- the exterior walls joining the outer ends of successive wings may be planar rather than arcuate causing the horizontal section to be polygonal. Other modifications are possible in which some exterior walls are arcuate and others planar.
- the atria are formed by the spaces between the facades .of the useable spaces within the wings and the perimeter walls joining the outer ends of successive spokes.
- the invention provides a building structure with a maximum visible exposure of the habitable space both to environmentally controlled atria and also to the outdoors through the exterior glass walls of the atria.
- the full expanse of one of the atria should be visible from each of the rooms or enclosed areas in the spokes through the glassed-in walls of the facades. There should also be a relatively wide-angled view of the outdoors from within any given habitable room through the glass perimeter wall of the associated atrium. It is a general objective of the invention that the habitable area will have such views of the atria and outdoors.
- the ratio of the length of the peripheral wall of an atrium to the total length of the facades adjoining is obviously closely related to the angle between the two facades of a particular atrium and to the number of spokes.
- each dwelling unit facing on the atrium should be kept to a minimum for the sake of privacy.
- the portion of each dwelling unit facing on the atrium should be oblique to the corresponding portion of all the other units.
- the number of wings be small, preferably three.
- the synergistic effect of applying the spoked wheel-atrium concept to the three aforesaid elements is to produce the maximum possible simultaneous exposure of the facades of the habitable space to space within the atria and to the outdoors. This very advantageous effect is produced whether the exterior envelope of the building takes a cylindrical, an oblong or a polygonal form.
- the periphery of the building structure of the instant invention is normally either equal to or less than n times the diameter.
- the perimeter glass shield which encloses the atria removed the length of the facades which would be exposed to the exterior would be greatly increased; typically, the external surface of the building then would be increased by 2 to 3 times.
- a unique building structure with habitable space which in horizontal section comprises a central core and a plurality of wings in the form .of spokes extending radially outwardly from said central core, characterized in that at least some successive ones of said wings are connected by associated peripheral walls to form a plurality of enclosed atria each disposed between an associated pair of wings, and said atria being circumferentially disposed around said central core.
- a building structure with habitable space which in horizontal section comprises a central area and a plurality of radially-extending wings in the form of spokes surrounding said central area each of said wings having outer end wall and a pair of side walls extending in a generally radial direction, each of said side walls having at least one transparent portion characterized in that
- a transparent circumferential wall extends between the ends of each pair of joined side walls to enclose thereby an atrium
- the walls of the shallow U's are so constructed and oriented in relation to one another as to provide from within the habitable space, through any one of the transparent portions of the side walls, a view of substantially the whole area of the adjoining atrium and a broad view of the outdoors through the transparent circumferential wall while providing only an oblique view of other portions of the same U thereby substantially minimizing the visual exposure thereof.
- Fig. 1 contains 6 wings 1 extending radially from a central area and having located between each successive pair of wings an atrium 2 enclosed by a glassed-in wall 3.
- the wings as shown in Fig. 1 are all of the same length and the exterior walls of the atria comprise circular arcs providing an overall cylindrical outline.
- the central area in accordance with Fig. 1 contains an additional atrium. However, it will be understood that this is not an essential feature of the invention. As will be explained in the following, the central area may be utilized for various other purposes.
- atria including the central one, which are shown in Fig. 1 as being open at the top are in actual practice covered by a roof which may advantageously take the form of a skylight.
- Each atrium has a horizontal section in the form of a sector of a circle bounded on the sides by facades 5 of the associated wings.
- the walls of the facades normally are of glassed-in construction to provide an optimum view from the habitable area within the wings of the adjoining atrium and also of the outdoors through the transparent peripheral wall of the atrium.
- Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section of an embodiment of the invention which is very similar to that of Fig. 1 except that it contains five wings rather than six.
- Each of the walls 3 and 5 bordering an atrium are of glass.
- passageway 21 which provides access in turn to each of the areas within the spokes.
- the area enclosed by passageway 21 consists mainly of a pentagonal atrium 22 covered by a skylight 23. Also, located within the atrium 22 are elevator shafts 24 with access from passageway 21.
- Each of the wings contains a central longitudinal passageway 25 extending from passageway 21 to the outer end of the spoke where a stairway 26 is located.
- passageway 21 On either side of passageway 21 are rooms 27, each having one end wall forming a portion of a facade.
- Fig. 3 shows a horizontal section of an embodiment which differs from that of Fig. 2 only in that the peripheral walls 30 of the atria are planar giving the horizontal section of the building a generally polygonal shape.
- Fig. 4 is an example of a variant of the building structure of the invention in which the wings are of different lengths causing the horizontal section as illustrated to have an oblong shape.
- the peripheral wall 40 of one atrium is arcuate whereas the other peripheral walls of the other atria are planar.
- the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 is an open concept containing three wings which provides a broad view of one of the atria as well as of the outdoors from each of the habitable units.
- This embodiment is particularly adapted for living accommodation such as apartments or condominiums but may also be used for offices or hotels.
- Fig. 5 Surrounding the central area as shown in Fig. 5 are three radially-extending wings 50 which surround the central area.
- the wings contain a plurality of separate habitable units 51, 52, 53, 54, and 55 arranged in such a way that each of the five habitable units faces onto one of the three atria.
- the sides of each two circumferentially successive wings which extend generally in a radial direction join a unit 53.
- these sides form a series of facades stretching around the inner side of each atrium in the shape of a shallow U in horizontal section. Where the facade of each unit is planar the shallow U then takes the form of a segment of the circumference of a polygon.
- Fig. 5 besides providing a broad view of the adjoining atrium and of the outdoors is particularly advantageous in enhancing privacy among the units which look out on a given atrium. This is so because of the very small difference in angular direction between the facades of successive units facing the atrium. Thus only a very oblique view of the facade of any unit is seen from other units of the group facing on the same atrium.
- Fig. 6 shows a portion of the five habitable units fronting on an atrium.
- the facades are seen to include balconies 57 from which the view of the atrium and the outdoors may be more fully enjoyed.
- Sliding glass doors 56 provide access to each balcony.
- a screening partial wall 58 which may include plants or flowers on the side of the balcony facing the atrium together with opaque partitions at the ends of the balcony further enhance privacy.
- an atrium in the central area such an atrium is not an essential feature of the invention. In most cases it will be desirable to utilize the central area for services such as elevators and/or for heating and air-conditioning equipment.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Description
- This invention relates to a multi-storey building structure with habitable space which in the horizontal section comprises a cental core and a plurality of wings in the form of spokes extending radially outwardly from said central core.
- A building structure of said kind is known from FR-A-679826. It discloses a multi-storey tower comprising a central core and three wings which are disposed in equal distances as seen circumferentially leaving spaces therebetween which serve as terraces. The wings in the different storeys have an angular offset with respect to each other such that the habitable area of a storey is situated above the terrace of the storey below. Therefore, there is no open sky above the terraces. Further, there is a space between the core and the apartment areas so that with the terraces open to the periphery of the structure there is formed a kind of venturi near the core which is intended to create a forced natural ventilation of the structure.
- It is obvious that with respect to energy saving this structure is in no way efficient. Furthermore, there is a drawback that the terraces are rather dark as they receive light only from the window- like openings at the periphery of the building structure.
- Other multi-level habitable buildings of polygonal or cylindrical form with radially extending divisions which may extend from a central core are known from US-A-4,136,492, US-A-1,991,695 and US Design Patent 208090. Their common aspect is that they do not comply with the problems of energy saving.
- It is commonly known that most heat exchange in a building takes place at the periphery thereof. Buildings as those described in US-A-2,154,897 and US Design Patent 216424 clearly have a very large external surface area in proportion to that enclosed, and, hence, are rather energy inefficient. Such structures are designed in order to improve viewing access to the outdoors.
- It is therefore the general object of the present invention to provide a building structure of the above mentioned type having enhanced viewing exposure and which is at the same time energy efficient, at least to the extent that the ratio of external surface area to enclosed space is relatively small.
- This object is attained by the characterising features of patent claim 1. Further embodiments of the invention are subject matter of further claims.
- The horizontal section of the building comprises a central core with useable or habitable area or wings extending radially outwards from the central core in the manner of spokes of a wheel. The number of wings may vary according to the particular use of the building and the details of the design.
- The invention may be realised as a multi-storey glassed-in tower which may be cylindrical in form. However, not all the wings need to be of the same length. Thus, the horizontal section may be oval or oblong, for example, rather than circular. Moreover, the exterior walls joining the outer ends of successive wings may be planar rather than arcuate causing the horizontal section to be polygonal. Other modifications are possible in which some exterior walls are arcuate and others planar.
- The atria are formed by the spaces between the facades .of the useable spaces within the wings and the perimeter walls joining the outer ends of successive spokes.
- The invention provides a building structure with a maximum visible exposure of the habitable space both to environmentally controlled atria and also to the outdoors through the exterior glass walls of the atria.
- Ideally, the full expanse of one of the atria should be visible from each of the rooms or enclosed areas in the spokes through the glassed-in walls of the facades. There should also be a relatively wide-angled view of the outdoors from within any given habitable room through the glass perimeter wall of the associated atrium. It is a general objective of the invention that the habitable area will have such views of the atria and outdoors.
- The ratio of the length of the peripheral wall of an atrium to the total length of the facades adjoining is obviously closely related to the angle between the two facades of a particular atrium and to the number of spokes.
- It is important, especially when the habitable area is used for dwelling accommodation, such as apartments or condominiums, that the visual exposure of each dwelling unit as seen from the other units facing on the same atrium be kept to a minimum for the sake of privacy. In order to do this the portion of each dwelling unit facing on the atrium should be oblique to the corresponding portion of all the other units. Clearly this requires that the number of wings be small, preferably three.
- It is desirable to have a balcony or veranda on the side of each habitable unit. This allows full advantage to be taken of the view of the atrium and the outdoors. Also, when partitions are provided between adjoining balconies privacy is further enhanced.
- There are already known various building structures which have one or more atria adjoining exterior walls thereof. Any such structures which are known to the applicant provide a view of the atria only from a very limited portion of the habitable area of the building let alone of the outdoor space beyond. In determination of the merits of the present invention it is of prime importance to note the advantages which accrue from the geometric configuration and topology of the structure employed. In relation to this particular aspect of the invention the elements with which it deals are:
-
- 1. The geometry of the habitable space;
- 2. The geometry of the exterior envelope; and
- 3. The total projection of the building in relation to the ground.
- The synergistic effect of applying the spoked wheel-atrium concept to the three aforesaid elements is to produce the maximum possible simultaneous exposure of the facades of the habitable space to space within the atria and to the outdoors. This very advantageous effect is produced whether the exterior envelope of the building takes a cylindrical, an oblong or a polygonal form.
- The periphery of the building structure of the instant invention is normally either equal to or less than n times the diameter. Were the perimeter glass shield which encloses the atria removed the length of the facades which would be exposed to the exterior would be greatly increased; typically, the external surface of the building then would be increased by 2 to 3 times.
- An energy study has been carried out to determine the air conditioning and heating requirements of building structures of the present invention having 4 and 5 wings with the requirements of a conventional rectangular building of modern design. The results of this study are very favorable in that the energy expenditure is similar to that of a conventional building of the same habitable area. An average additional expenditure of approximately 12% would be necessary for the atria whereas the volume of the atria is much greater than 12% as compared with the habitable area. Thus in addition to the extraordinary climate offered by the atria is the fact that the structure is very energy-efficient.
- On sunny days a-large proportion of the energy needed to heat the portions of buildings not exposed to the sun can come from the sun heating the favored atria. The energy may be recuperated in water to permit easy transfer to the opposite side of the building.
- In order to minimize energy losses from the atria during the night and in sunless periods it is desirable to increase the thermal resistance of the atrium walls.
- In accordance with the broader aspect of the invention there is provided a unique building structure with habitable space which in horizontal section comprises a central core and a plurality of wings in the form .of spokes extending radially outwardly from said central core, characterized in that at least some successive ones of said wings are connected by associated peripheral walls to form a plurality of enclosed atria each disposed between an associated pair of wings, and said atria being circumferentially disposed around said central core.
- There is also provided in accordance with a further aspect of the invention a building structure with habitable space which in horizontal section comprises a central area and a plurality of radially-extending wings in the form of spokes surrounding said central area each of said wings having outer end wall and a pair of side walls extending in a generally radial direction, each of said side walls having at least one transparent portion characterized in that
- the inner ends of two side walls of each successive pair of wings are joined to form in horizontal section a shallow U;
- a transparent circumferential wall extends between the ends of each pair of joined side walls to enclose thereby an atrium;
- the walls of the shallow U's are so constructed and oriented in relation to one another as to provide from within the habitable space, through any one of the transparent portions of the side walls, a view of substantially the whole area of the adjoining atrium and a broad view of the outdoors through the transparent circumferential wall while providing only an oblique view of other portions of the same U thereby substantially minimizing the visual exposure thereof.
- In addition to the aforementioned functional and other practical advantages of the building structure of the invention deriving from the combination of spoke-wheel habitable area and enclosed atria is the fact that the design has considerable aesthetic merit. Not only does it provide a pleasing view from within the habitable areas within the wings but it also has an attractive external appearance.
- Other objects, advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention; with portions of the roof omitted to better illustrate the internal structure;
- Fig. 2 is a plan view of an embodiment of the invention having a cylindrical shape;
- Fig. 3 is a plan view of an embodiment of the invention having wings of equal length, the outer peripheral walls of the atria being planar;
- Fig. 4 is a plan view of an embodiment of the invention having an oblong configuration in horh zontal section.
- Fig. 5 is a plan view of a further embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 6 is a plan view of a portion of the embodiment of Fig. 5 showing portions of a habitable unit bordering on an atrium. -
- The embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1 contains 6 wings 1 extending radially from a central area and having located between each successive pair of wings an
atrium 2 enclosed by a glassed-inwall 3. The wings as shown in Fig. 1 are all of the same length and the exterior walls of the atria comprise circular arcs providing an overall cylindrical outline. The central area in accordance with Fig. 1 contains an additional atrium. However, it will be understood that this is not an essential feature of the invention. As will be explained in the following, the central area may be utilized for various other purposes. - It will also be understood that while the atria, including the central one, which are shown in Fig. 1 as being open at the top are in actual practice covered by a roof which may advantageously take the form of a skylight.
- Each atrium has a horizontal section in the form of a sector of a circle bounded on the sides by
facades 5 of the associated wings. The walls of the facades normally are of glassed-in construction to provide an optimum view from the habitable area within the wings of the adjoining atrium and also of the outdoors through the transparent peripheral wall of the atrium. - Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section of an embodiment of the invention which is very similar to that of Fig. 1 except that it contains five wings rather than six. Each of the
walls - Within and around the circumference of the pentagonal central area 20 in Fig. 2 is a
continuous passageway 21 which provides access in turn to each of the areas within the spokes. The area enclosed bypassageway 21 consists mainly of apentagonal atrium 22 covered by askylight 23. Also, located within theatrium 22 areelevator shafts 24 with access frompassageway 21. - Each of the wings contains a central
longitudinal passageway 25 extending frompassageway 21 to the outer end of the spoke where astairway 26 is located. - On either side of
passageway 21 arerooms 27, each having one end wall forming a portion of a facade. - Fig. 3 shows a horizontal section of an embodiment which differs from that of Fig. 2 only in that the
peripheral walls 30 of the atria are planar giving the horizontal section of the building a generally polygonal shape. - Fig. 4 is an example of a variant of the building structure of the invention in which the wings are of different lengths causing the horizontal section as illustrated to have an oblong shape. Here it will be noted that the
peripheral wall 40 of one atrium is arcuate whereas the other peripheral walls of the other atria are planar. - The embodiment illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 is an open concept containing three wings which provides a broad view of one of the atria as well as of the outdoors from each of the habitable units. This embodiment is particularly adapted for living accommodation such as apartments or condominiums but may also be used for offices or hotels.
- Surrounding the central area as shown in Fig. 5 are three radially-extending
wings 50 which surround the central area. The wings contain a plurality of separatehabitable units unit 53. Thus these sides form a series of facades stretching around the inner side of each atrium in the shape of a shallow U in horizontal section. Where the facade of each unit is planar the shallow U then takes the form of a segment of the circumference of a polygon. - The arrangement of Fig. 5, besides providing a broad view of the adjoining atrium and of the outdoors is particularly advantageous in enhancing privacy among the units which look out on a given atrium. This is so because of the very small difference in angular direction between the facades of successive units facing the atrium. Thus only a very oblique view of the facade of any unit is seen from other units of the group facing on the same atrium.
- Fig. 6 shows a portion of the five habitable units fronting on an atrium. The facades are seen to include
balconies 57 from which the view of the atrium and the outdoors may be more fully enjoyed. Slidingglass doors 56 provide access to each balcony. A screeningpartial wall 58, which may include plants or flowers on the side of the balcony facing the atrium together with opaque partitions at the ends of the balcony further enhance privacy. - Although some of the disclosed embodiments include an atrium in the central area such an atrium is not an essential feature of the invention. In most cases it will be desirable to utilize the central area for services such as elevators and/or for heating and air-conditioning equipment.
- It is desirable to provide a means to circulate air between the atria and other portions of the building structure. This is advantageous since the atria may be expected to receive heat from sunlight and hence such circulation of air will be beneficial in helping to heat the habitable area. Alternatively, as previously noted, it may be found to be advantageous to transfer energy from one portion of the structure to another by the circulation of water.
- It will be understood that the described embodiments are exemplary only. Many other variations of the structure are possible. For example, it is not essential that the facades of a particular wing be parallel to one another. The invention includes all such variations as would occur to one skilled in the art and is delineated not by the preceding examples but solely by the appended claims.
Claims (24)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA382360 | 1981-07-23 | ||
CA382360 | 1981-07-23 | ||
CA404915 | 1982-06-11 | ||
CA000404915A CA1143920A (en) | 1982-06-11 | 1982-06-11 | Building structure |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0071089A1 EP0071089A1 (en) | 1983-02-09 |
EP0071089B1 true EP0071089B1 (en) | 1986-01-29 |
Family
ID=25669384
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19820106312 Expired EP0071089B1 (en) | 1981-07-23 | 1982-07-14 | Building structure |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0071089B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3268803D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19514594C1 (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 1996-05-15 | Mc Micro Compact Car Ag | Series=assembly equipment for vehicles, etc. |
WO1998028502A1 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-07-02 | Tox-Wastech, Inc. | Building complex for disposal of toxic and otherwise hazardous waste materials |
ES2392110T3 (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2012-12-04 | Bovieran Ab | Building unit that forms a closed heated zone |
RU2475611C2 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2013-02-20 | Владимир Иванович Столбов | Residential complex with infrastructure |
WO2021063262A1 (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-04-08 | 王建友 | Combined building and structure |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1512975A (en) * | 1922-04-21 | 1924-10-28 | Bright John Irwin | School building and method of seating |
US1991695A (en) * | 1928-12-22 | 1935-02-19 | Petrovitch Louis | Building |
FR679826A (en) * | 1928-12-22 | 1930-04-17 | Modern House | |
FR41143E (en) * | 1931-04-18 | 1932-12-01 | Modern House | |
US2156859A (en) * | 1935-12-31 | 1939-05-02 | John H Lowe | Jail or the like |
CH381846A (en) * | 1962-11-23 | 1964-09-15 | Weber Alfred | Set of buildings |
-
1982
- 1982-07-14 DE DE8282106312T patent/DE3268803D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-14 EP EP19820106312 patent/EP0071089B1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3268803D1 (en) | 1986-03-13 |
EP0071089A1 (en) | 1983-02-09 |
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