EP0070371A1 - Heat exchanger - Google Patents
Heat exchanger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0070371A1 EP0070371A1 EP82104446A EP82104446A EP0070371A1 EP 0070371 A1 EP0070371 A1 EP 0070371A1 EP 82104446 A EP82104446 A EP 82104446A EP 82104446 A EP82104446 A EP 82104446A EP 0070371 A1 EP0070371 A1 EP 0070371A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tubes
- heat
- heat transfer
- heat exchanger
- transfer tubes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
- F28F9/0229—Double end plates; Single end plates with hollow spaces
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for exhaust gas heat utilization according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Heat recovery from exhaust gases is increasingly demanded and is becoming increasingly important; Tube-bundle heat exchangers made of steel or high-alloy steel are preferably used for this.
- the medium to be cooled e.g. Exhaust gas is usually led through the heat transfer pipes because the cleaning option is better provided while the medium to be heated, e.g. Water around which the pipes are led.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to design the heat exchanger of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that material fatigue and overload cannot occur even after a long period of use and thus e.g. the risk of cracks and leaks is avoided.
- the design according to the invention creates, so to speak, a heat shield that shields the actual tube sheet of the heat transfer tubes from high temperatures and thus ensures that a practically negligible temperature gradient occurs between the two sides of the tube sheet; As a result, the material of the tube sheet can no longer tire or be overloaded, not even after a long period of use, and the risk of cracks and leaks is avoided.
- the further embodiment according to claim 4 also reduces the heat transfer to the tube sheet of the heat transmission tubes; this is also the case due to the further configuration of the task solution according to the invention.
- the second tube plate as indicated in claim 6, only needs to be provided on the inlet side.
- the drawing shows in section the inlet and outlet side of a heat exchanger 2, which has a jacket tube 4, in which a tube bundle provided with baffles 6 made of heat transfer tubes 8 is arranged.
- the heat transfer tubes 8 are seated on both sides in tube sheets 1o and 11 connected to the jacket tube 4 or sealed against the jacket tube.
- a second tube sheet 12 is arranged at a short distance, in which a tube bundle of shorter tubes 14 is arranged.
- the tubes 14 partially protrude into the heat transfer tubes 8, preferably up to just beyond the tube plate 10.
- the outside diameter of the tubes 14 is smaller than the inside diameter of the heat transfer tubes 8, so that the tubes 14 and the heat transfer tubes 8 do not touch in the installed position.
- the space 16 formed between the two tube sheets 10 and 12 is sealed to the outside, e.g. with a ring seal 18.
- the space 16 itself can additionally with a poorly heat-conducting material, such as Asbestos, to be filled out.
- an inlet chamber 20 is sealed (seal 21).
- the heat exchanger tubes 8 open directly into an outlet chamber 19.
- the casing tube 4 has an inlet opening 22 and an outlet opening 23, e.g. a neck, on.
- the heat exchanger 2 shown is designed in particular for heat recovery from exhaust gases.
- the up to 600 0 C or more hot exhaust gases are fed into the inlet chamber and flow from there through the tubes 14 and 8 to the outlet chamber. They give off their heat via the heat transfer tubes to the medium flowing around these heat transfer tubes, for example water, which flows into the jacket space 24 of the jacket tube 4 via the inlet opening 22.
- the outer tube sheet 12 acts as a heat shield for the tube sheet 1o of the heat transfer tubes 8.
- the tube sheet 1o which is cool towards the jacket space 24, can be on the Now no longer heat outside 26 so much that an excessive temperature gradient, excessive thermal stress and material fatigue and the resulting cracks occur.
- the heat is absorbed by the tube sheet 12 and thus shielded from the tube sheet 12 with respect to the tube sheet 10. Since the inside 28 of the tube sheet 12 is not cooled, no large temperature differences can occur between the two sides of the tube sheet 12, so that thermal stresses do not arise. However, material fatigue that occurs over time as a result of the high exhaust gas temperatures and the resulting crack formation in the outer tube sheet 12 are also harmless because the shielding effect is not impaired thereby.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wärmeaustauscher, insbesondere zur Abgaswärmeausnutzung gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a heat exchanger, in particular for exhaust gas heat utilization according to the preamble of
Die Wärmerückgewinnung aus Abgasen, wie z.B. von Dieselmotoren oder dergl., wird immer stärker gefordert und erhält zunehmende Bedeutung; es werden hierfür bevorzugt Rohrbündel-Wärmeaustauscher aus Stahl oder hochlegiertem Stahl eingesetzt. Das abzukühlende Medium, wie z.B. Abgas, wird dabei in der Regel durch die Wärmeübertragungsrohre geführt, weil die Reinigungsmöglichkeit hierbei besser gegeben ist, während das zu erwärmende Medium, wie z.B. Wasser, um die Rohre herumgeführt wird.Heat recovery from exhaust gases, e.g. of diesel engines or the like, is increasingly demanded and is becoming increasingly important; Tube-bundle heat exchangers made of steel or high-alloy steel are preferably used for this. The medium to be cooled, e.g. Exhaust gas is usually led through the heat transfer pipes because the cleaning option is better provided while the medium to be heated, e.g. Water around which the pipes are led.
In dem Rohrboden des Wärmeaustauschers am Gaseintritt kommt es aber vor allem im Bereich zwischen den Wärmeübertragungsrohren zu einem Wärmestau, während die dem Wasser zugewandte Seite des Rohrbodens gekühlt wird. Es besteht die Gefahr, daß im Laufe der Zeit das Material ermüdet und Risse im Rohrboden entstehen, was wiederum zu Undichtigkeiten führt.In the tube sheet of the heat exchanger at the gas inlet, however, a heat build-up occurs especially in the area between the heat transfer tubes, while the side of the tube sheet facing the water is cooled. There is a risk that the material will tire over time and cracks will appear in the tube sheet, which in turn leads to leaks.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht deshalb darin, den Wärmeaustauscher der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, daß auch nach längerer Einsatzzeit eine Materialermüdung und -überlastung nicht auftreten kann und so z.B. die Gefahr von Rißbildungen und Undichtigkeiten vermieden wird.The object of the present invention is therefore to design the heat exchanger of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that material fatigue and overload cannot occur even after a long period of use and thus e.g. the risk of cracks and leaks is avoided.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 angegebene Ausbildung gelöst.This object is achieved by the training specified in the characterizing part of
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung wird sozusagen ein Wärmeschutzschild geschaffen, das den eigentlichen Rohrboden der Wärmeübertragungsrohre gegen hohe Temperaturen abschirmt und das damit sichert, daß zwischen beiden Seiten des Rohrbodens ein praktisch vernachlässigbares Temperaturgefälle auftritt; hierdurch kann das Material des Rohrbodens nicht mehr ermüden oder überlastet werden, auch nicht nach langer Einsatzzeit, und die Gefahr von Rißbildungen und Undichtigkeiten ist vermieden.The design according to the invention creates, so to speak, a heat shield that shields the actual tube sheet of the heat transfer tubes from high temperatures and thus ensures that a practically negligible temperature gradient occurs between the two sides of the tube sheet; As a result, the material of the tube sheet can no longer tire or be overloaded, not even after a long period of use, and the risk of cracks and leaks is avoided.
Vorteilhafte und zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.Advantageous and expedient developments of the solution according to the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
Um die Baulänge und Wärmeverluste möglichst gering zu halten, ist die Weiterbildung gemäß Anspruch 2 vorgesehen.In order to keep the overall length and heat losses as low as possible, the further development according to claim 2 is provided.
Durch die weitere Ausgestaltung gemäß Anspruch 3 ist eine Erhöhung der Wärmeschutzwirkung erreichbar.Through the further embodiment according to claim 3, an increase in the heat protection effect can be achieved.
Die weitere Ausbildung gemäß Anspruch 4 verringert ebenfalls die Wärmeübertragung auf den Rohrboden der Wärmeübertragungsrohre; dies ist auch der Fall durch die weitere Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabenlösung gemäß Anspruch 5.The further embodiment according to
Da das wärmeabgebende Medium, beispielsweise die heißen Abgase, auf der Ausgangsseite des Wärmeaustauschers in der Regel nur noch eine sehr geringe Temperatur aufweist, braucht der zweite Rohrboden, wie dies im Anspruch 6 angegeben ist, nur auf der Einlaßseite vorgesehen zu werden.Since the heat-emitting medium, for example the hot exhaust gases, on the outlet side of the heat exchanger generally only has a very low temperature, the second tube plate, as indicated in claim 6, only needs to be provided on the inlet side.
Eine für den Einsatz des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmeaustauschers vorteilhafte Ausbildung ist im Anspruch 7 angegeben.An advantageous embodiment for the use of the heat exchanger according to the invention is specified in claim 7.
Die Erfindung soll nun anhand eines in der beigefügten Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing.
Die Zeichnung zeigt im Schnitt Ein- und Auslaßseite eines Wärmeaustauschers 2, der ein Mantelrohr 4 aufweist, in dem ein mit Umlenkblechen 6 versehenes Rohrbündel aus Wärmeübertragungsrohren 8 angeordnet ist. Die Wärmeübertragungsrohre 8 sitzen beidseitig in mit dem Mantelrohr 4 verbundenen oder gegen das Mantelrohr abgedichteten Rohrböden 1o und 11. Vor dem eingangsseitigen Rohrboden 1o ist mit geringem Abstand ein zweiter Rohrboden 12 angeordnet, in dem ein Rohrbündel aus kürzeren Rohren 14 angeordnet ist. Die Rohre 14 ragen teilweise in die Wärmeübertragungsrohre 8 hinein, und zwar vorzugsweise bis kurz über den Rohrboden 1o hinaus.The drawing shows in section the inlet and outlet side of a heat exchanger 2, which has a
Der Außendurchmesser der Rohre 14 ist geringer als der Innendurchmesser der Wärmeübertragungsrohre 8, so daß sich in der Einbaulage die Rohre 14 und die Wärmeübertragungsrohre 8 nicht berühren.The outside diameter of the tubes 14 is smaller than the inside diameter of the
Der zwischen den beiden Rohrböden 1o und 12 gebildete Zwischenraum 16 ist nach außen abgedichtet, z.B. mit einer Ringdichtung 18. Der Zwischenraum 16 selbst kann zusätzlich mit einem schlecht wärmeleitenden Material, wie z.B. Asbest, ausgefüllt sein.The
Vor dem Rohrboden 12 ist eine Einlaßkammer 2o abgedichtet (Dichtung 21) angeordnet. Auf der Auslaßseite des Wärmeaustauschers 2 münden die Wärmeaustauscherrohre 8 direkt in eine Auslaßkammer 19.In front of the
Das Mantelrohr 4 weist eine Einlaßöffnung 22 und eine Auslaßöffnung 23, wie z.B. einen Stutzen, auf.The
Der dargestellte Wärmeaustauscher 2 ist insbesondere zur Wärmerückgewinnung aus Abgasen konzipiert. Die bis zu 6000 C oder mehr heißen Abgase werden in die Einlaßkammer geführt und strömen von dort durch die Rohrs 14 und 8 zur Auslaßkammer. Sie geben dabei ihre Wärme über die Wärmeübertragungsrohre an das diese Wärmeübertragungsrohre umströmende Medium, wie z.B. Wasser ab, das über die Einlaßöffnung 22 in den Mantelraum 24 des Mantelrohres 4 einströmt.The heat exchanger 2 shown is designed in particular for heat recovery from exhaust gases. The up to 600 0 C or more hot exhaust gases are fed into the inlet chamber and flow from there through the
Der äußere Rohrboden 12 wirkt als Wärmeschutzschild für den Rohrboden 1o der Wärmeübertragungsrohre 8. Der zum Mantelraum 24 hin kühle Rohrboden 1o kann sich auf der Außenseite 26 nun nicht mehr so stark erwärmen, daß ein zu großes Temperaturgefälle, zu große Wärmespannungen sowie Materialermüdungen und dadurch bedingte Risse entstehen.The
Die Wärme wird vom Rohrboden 12 aufgenommen und damit bezüglich des Rohrbodens 1o von dem Rohrboden 12 abgeschirmt. Da die Innenseite 28 des Rohrbodens 12 nicht gekühlt ist, können keine großen Temperaturunterschiede zwischen beiden Seiten des Rohrbodens 12 auftreten, so daß Wärmespannungen nicht entstehen. Aber auch eine im Laufe der Zeit auftretende Materialermüdung infolge der hohen Abgastemperaturen und dadurch evtl. hervorgerufene Rißbildungen im äußeren Rohrboden 12 sind unschädlich, weil die Abschirmwirkung hierdurch nicht beeinträchtigt wird.The heat is absorbed by the
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE8121511U DE8121511U1 (en) | 1981-07-22 | 1981-07-22 | Heat exchanger. |
DE8121511U | 1981-07-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0070371A1 true EP0070371A1 (en) | 1983-01-26 |
EP0070371B1 EP0070371B1 (en) | 1985-07-17 |
Family
ID=6729668
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP82104446A Expired EP0070371B1 (en) | 1981-07-22 | 1982-05-21 | Heat exchanger |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0070371B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE14346T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE8121511U1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013171190A1 (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2013-11-21 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Exhaust gas heat exchanger |
EP3032209A1 (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-06-15 | Borsig GmbH | Quench cooling system |
US20160215735A1 (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2016-07-28 | International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc | Thermal screen for an egr cooler |
DE102021102847A1 (en) | 2021-02-08 | 2022-08-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Exhaust gas cooling device for a motor vehicle and motor vehicle |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3262489A (en) * | 1964-02-11 | 1966-07-26 | Aerofin Corp | Heat exchanger |
US3374832A (en) * | 1966-05-13 | 1968-03-26 | Lummus Co | Inlet cone device and method |
US3504739A (en) * | 1967-06-15 | 1970-04-07 | Roy George Pearce | Shell and tube heat exchangers |
DE2441931A1 (en) * | 1974-09-02 | 1976-03-11 | Shell Int Research | Heat exchanger for cooling hot high pressure gases - with tubes conducting gases through coolant chamber from gas inlet chamber |
DE3000665A1 (en) * | 1980-01-10 | 1981-07-16 | Rheiner Maschinenfabrik Windhoff Ag, 4440 Rheine | Double pipe mfg. process for refrigeration appliance - has inner pipe with outer grooving, engaging on inner wall of outer pipe |
-
1981
- 1981-07-22 DE DE8121511U patent/DE8121511U1/en not_active Expired
-
1982
- 1982-05-21 DE DE8282104446T patent/DE3264765D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-21 EP EP82104446A patent/EP0070371B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-05-21 AT AT82104446T patent/ATE14346T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3262489A (en) * | 1964-02-11 | 1966-07-26 | Aerofin Corp | Heat exchanger |
US3374832A (en) * | 1966-05-13 | 1968-03-26 | Lummus Co | Inlet cone device and method |
US3504739A (en) * | 1967-06-15 | 1970-04-07 | Roy George Pearce | Shell and tube heat exchangers |
DE2441931A1 (en) * | 1974-09-02 | 1976-03-11 | Shell Int Research | Heat exchanger for cooling hot high pressure gases - with tubes conducting gases through coolant chamber from gas inlet chamber |
DE3000665A1 (en) * | 1980-01-10 | 1981-07-16 | Rheiner Maschinenfabrik Windhoff Ag, 4440 Rheine | Double pipe mfg. process for refrigeration appliance - has inner pipe with outer grooving, engaging on inner wall of outer pipe |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2013171190A1 (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2013-11-21 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Exhaust gas heat exchanger |
US9791214B2 (en) | 2012-05-15 | 2017-10-17 | Mahle International Gmbh | Exhaust gas heat exchanger |
US20160215735A1 (en) * | 2013-09-11 | 2016-07-28 | International Engine Intellectual Property Company, Llc | Thermal screen for an egr cooler |
EP3032209A1 (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-06-15 | Borsig GmbH | Quench cooling system |
CN105698572A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2016-06-22 | 波尔希克有限公司 | Quench cooling system |
CN105698572B (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2019-03-08 | 波尔希克有限公司 | Quench cooling system |
DE102021102847A1 (en) | 2021-02-08 | 2022-08-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Exhaust gas cooling device for a motor vehicle and motor vehicle |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE14346T1 (en) | 1985-08-15 |
EP0070371B1 (en) | 1985-07-17 |
DE3264765D1 (en) | 1985-08-22 |
DE8121511U1 (en) | 1981-10-08 |
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