EP0067918B1 - Hydrostatic motor with axially sliding vanes - Google Patents

Hydrostatic motor with axially sliding vanes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0067918B1
EP0067918B1 EP81401018A EP81401018A EP0067918B1 EP 0067918 B1 EP0067918 B1 EP 0067918B1 EP 81401018 A EP81401018 A EP 81401018A EP 81401018 A EP81401018 A EP 81401018A EP 0067918 B1 EP0067918 B1 EP 0067918B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vanes
stator
recesses
rotor
pallet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81401018A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0067918A1 (en
Inventor
Daniel Leroy
Laurent Gazagne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compagnie de Construction Mecanique Sulzer
Original Assignee
Compagnie de Construction Mecanique Sulzer
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Priority to DE8181401018T priority Critical patent/DE3172890D1/en
Priority to AT81401018T priority patent/ATE16517T1/en
Publication of EP0067918A1 publication Critical patent/EP0067918A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0067918B1 publication Critical patent/EP0067918B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
    • F01C21/08—Rotary pistons
    • F01C21/0809—Construction of vanes or vane holders
    • F01C21/0818—Vane tracking; control therefor
    • F01C21/0854—Vane tracking; control therefor by fluid means
    • F01C21/0863—Vane tracking; control therefor by fluid means the fluid being the working fluid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hydrostatic vane motor with axial sliding against a continuous surface of stator base with recesses.
  • rotary hydraulic machines comprising sliding but radially sliding vanes, coming to bear, with more or less force, against a peripheral surface with generator parallel to the general axis of rotation.
  • Some of these radial vane machines provide a fluid chamber behind the pallets to exert a thrust on the pallets by means of pistons or not, this thrust can help springs arranged behind the pistons or behind the pallets.
  • the peripheral surface cooperating with the radial paddles is a smoothly curved surface that is smoothly ellipsoid or circular or lobed.
  • the device according to the present invention is of the type of the applicant's generation of devices comprising sliding vanes, but with axial sliding, placed in the housings of the rotor, which vanes are each applied, in a constant and total manner, on a continuous surface.
  • stator bottom which may have rectilinear zones or recesses suitable for the operation of the device, said recesses can also be made mobile.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a hydrostatic motor with axial sliding vanes in rotor housings and against a continuous surface of stator base with recesses, comprising an intercommunication circuit between pallets, behind these, which circuit allows an integral transmission of pressures between pallets according to their variable location against said stator bottom surface with recesses, which ensures accelerations and decelerations of the axial sliding of the pallets as well as the bonding of said pallets against the stator bottom surface with recesses, the pallets recessed in their acting housings , by pressure build-up in said intercommunication circuit, on pallets projecting outside the housing, each pallet being in contact, in its rotor housing, with a push-button piston for transmitting pressure in said intercommunication circuit between pallets, characterized in that each pallet is equipped with minus a valve opening under the action of a stator magnetic force in the direction: rotor housing base - stator recess and closing under the action of a spring or a portion of the stator base surface to recesses.
  • FIG. 1 In the diagram of FIG. 1, several sliding pallets are represented at different times of their operation, which pallets 1 are each housed in a housing 2 formed in a rotor R opposite a stator bottom S comprising recesses, the one of them E has, relative to an interstitial plane P between rotor and stator and relative to a rotor displacement F, a ramp 3 deviating geometrically from said plane, a range 4 parallel to said plane and a ramp 5 approaching geometrically of said plan.
  • Each pallet 1 is in contact, in its housing, with a push-piston 6 disposed in a channel 6A in communication with an auxiliary circuit 7 made in the rotor. All the channels 6A are in communication with said auxiliary circuit 7 and are all of which in intercommunication.
  • Stator electromagnets can be provided to complete said bonding of the pallets.
  • the auxiliary circuit 7 is supplied with high pressure HP by a valve 8 and, in operation, the pressure prevailing in the auxiliary circuit 7 is a pressure HP 'greater than the pressure HP.
  • HP ' HP + being the thrust force of the re-entrant pallet and S being the active surface of the pressure transmission plunger 6.
  • the application force F2 of the pallet projecting outside the housing is equal to the pressure FI.
  • Phases I and II are propulsion phases with an HP input and a BP output by recess.
  • Phase III corresponds to a freewheeling phase with closed input and output and phase IV represents possible braking or pump operation with low pressure LP and high pressure HP circuits.
  • the pallet is equipped with one or more valves placed in the same direction.
  • a magnetic force FM coming from the stator causes the pallet to stick against the continuous surface of the stator bottom and the opening and closing of the valve designated by the general reference 14, as a function of the position of the pallet relative to the ramps 3 and 5 and at range 4 of the stator recess E:
  • a head 15 of the valve, itself attracted by the magnetic force FM therefore also comes into contact with the ramps 3 and 5 and the range 4.
  • valve During the high pressure active phase, the valve is closed and traps a hydraulic volume (V1) behind the vane which prevents it from coming off. The magnetic force FM, may then not be exerted.
  • V1 hydraulic volume behind the vane
  • the valve head 15 is integral with a rod 16 carrying a disc 17 with openings 18.
  • a spring 19 is interposed between the disc 17 and an annular bottom 20 formed in the pallet.
  • the disc 17 is capable of abutting against an annular shoulder 21 also made in the pallet.
  • hydraulic pressure from the auxiliary circuit 7 causes the pallets to be actuated.
  • the electromagnetic force FM generated simultaneously attracts the vane 1 and its valve 14, keeping them both in contact with the stator track S or ramps 3 and 5 and the intermediate range 4 between a ramp 5 and a ramp 3 .
  • This principle requires the opening of the valve 14 in the rail profiles 3 and 5 of the recesses, allowing the transfer of the volume of fluid V1 corresponding to the movement of the pallet.
  • This device is valid for descending and climbing ramps of recesses.
  • the geometry of the stator track requires the closure of the valve 14, thus canceling any transfer of fluid necessary for the movement of the pallet.
  • the pallet is immobilized during its active phases in the operating position and corresponds to the operation of the recesses in phases I, II and IV of FIG. 2.
  • the pallets may have a curved portion 22 of contact with the stator continuous surface and a compensating portion 23 exposed to the pressure of the fluid so that this pressure is exerted substantially perpendicular to the stator surface, thus improving the application of the pallet against the stator surface.
  • Each pallet can also be provided with an additional surface exposed to pressure and extending laterally at 24 to the pallet and continuing inside the pallet housing. This additional surface makes it possible to avoid any tilting of the pallet and enables the pallet to be sealed against its housing on a contact line 25 situated at the rear edge of the lateral face of the pallet opposite to that exposed at 24 at the preponderant pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Motors (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un moteur hydrostatique à palettes à coulissement axial contre une surface continue de fond statorique à évidements.The present invention relates to a hydrostatic vane motor with axial sliding against a continuous surface of stator base with recesses.

On connaît, d'une façon générale, des machines hydrauliques tournantes comportant des palettes coulissantes mais à coulissement radial, venant porter, avec plus ou moins de force, contre une surface périphérique à génératrice parallèle à l'axe de rotation général. Certaines de ces machines à palettes radiales prévoient une chambre à fluide derrière les palettes pour exercer une poussée sur les palettes par l'intermédiaire de pistons ou non, cette poussée pouvant aider des ressorts disposés derrière les pistons ou derrière les palettes.Generally known, rotary hydraulic machines comprising sliding but radially sliding vanes, coming to bear, with more or less force, against a peripheral surface with generator parallel to the general axis of rotation. Some of these radial vane machines provide a fluid chamber behind the pallets to exert a thrust on the pallets by means of pistons or not, this thrust can help springs arranged behind the pistons or behind the pallets.

La surface périphérique coopérant avec les palettes radiales est une surface à courbe douce sans à-coup ellipsoïde ou circulaire ou lobée.The peripheral surface cooperating with the radial paddles is a smoothly curved surface that is smoothly ellipsoid or circular or lobed.

Le dispositif selon la présente invention est du type de la génération de dispositifs de la Demanderesse comportant des palettes coulissantes, mais à coulissement axial, diposées dans les logements du rotor, lesquelles palettes sont chacune appliquées, de manière constante et totale, sur une surface continue de fond statorique, qui peut présenter des zones rectilignes ou évidements appropriés au fonctionnement du dispositif, lesdits évidements pouvant être, par ailleurs, rendus mobiles.The device according to the present invention is of the type of the applicant's generation of devices comprising sliding vanes, but with axial sliding, placed in the housings of the rotor, which vanes are each applied, in a constant and total manner, on a continuous surface. stator bottom, which may have rectilinear zones or recesses suitable for the operation of the device, said recesses can also be made mobile.

La présente invention vise plus particulièrement un moteur hydrostatique à palettes à coulissement axial dans des logements rotoriques et contre une surface continue de fond statorique à évidements, comprenant un circuit d'intercommunication entre palettes, derrière celles-ci, lequel circuit permet une transmission intégrale de pressions entre palettes suivant leur emplacement variable contre ladite surface de fond statorique à évidements, ce qui assure accélérations et décélérations du coulissement axial des palettes ainsi que le collage desdites palettes contre la surface de fond statorique à évidements, les palettes en retrait dans leurs logements agissant, par montée en pression dans ledit circuit d'intercommunication, sur les palettes en saillie hors logement, chaque palette etant en contact, dans son logement rotorique, avec un piston-poussoir de transmission de pression dans ledit circuit d'intercommunication entre palettes, caractérisé en ce que chaque palette est équipée d'au moins un clapet s'ouvrant sous l'action d'une force magnétique statorique dans le sens: fond de logement rotorique - évidement statorique et se fermant sous l'action d'un ressort ou d'une portion de la surface de fond statorique à évidements.The present invention relates more particularly to a hydrostatic motor with axial sliding vanes in rotor housings and against a continuous surface of stator base with recesses, comprising an intercommunication circuit between pallets, behind these, which circuit allows an integral transmission of pressures between pallets according to their variable location against said stator bottom surface with recesses, which ensures accelerations and decelerations of the axial sliding of the pallets as well as the bonding of said pallets against the stator bottom surface with recesses, the pallets recessed in their acting housings , by pressure build-up in said intercommunication circuit, on pallets projecting outside the housing, each pallet being in contact, in its rotor housing, with a push-button piston for transmitting pressure in said intercommunication circuit between pallets, characterized in that each pallet is equipped with minus a valve opening under the action of a stator magnetic force in the direction: rotor housing base - stator recess and closing under the action of a spring or a portion of the stator base surface to recesses.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention ressortiront de la description qui va suivre faite en regard des dessins annexés sur lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une vue développée, schématique, d'un moteur hydrostatique conforme à l'invention, à l'endroit d'un évidement de fond statorique;
  • la figure 2 est une vue développée d'un moteur hydrostatique selon quatre évidements de fond statorique et quatre phases de fonctionnement;
  • la figure 3 est une vue, à deux moments de son fonctionnement, d'une palette coulissante représentée en coupe et en coupe partielle, selon une forme de réalisation de l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge from the description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a developed, schematic view of a hydrostatic motor according to the invention, at the location of a stator bottom recess;
  • Figure 2 is a developed view of a hydrostatic motor according to four stator bottom recesses and four operating phases;
  • Figure 3 is a view, at two times of its operation, of a sliding pallet shown in section and in partial section, according to an embodiment of the invention.

Dans le schéma de la figure 1 sont représentées plusieurs palettes coulissantes à différents moments de leur fonctionnement, lesquelles palettes 1 sont, chacune, logées dans un logement 2 pratiqué dans un rotor R en regard d'un fond statorique S comportant des évidements dont l'un d'eux E présente, par rapport à un plan interstitiel P entre rotor et stator et par rapport à un déplacement rotorique F, une rampe 3 s'écartant géométriquement dudit plan, une plage 4 parallèle audit plan et une rampe 5 se rapprochant géométriquement dudit plan.In the diagram of FIG. 1, several sliding pallets are represented at different times of their operation, which pallets 1 are each housed in a housing 2 formed in a rotor R opposite a stator bottom S comprising recesses, the one of them E has, relative to an interstitial plane P between rotor and stator and relative to a rotor displacement F, a ramp 3 deviating geometrically from said plane, a range 4 parallel to said plane and a ramp 5 approaching geometrically of said plan.

Chaque palette 1 est en contact, dans son logement, avec un piston-poussoir 6 disposé dans un canal 6A en communication avec un circuit auxiliaire 7 pratiqué dans le rotor. Tous les canaux 6A sont en communication avec ledit circuit auxiliaire 7 et sont dont tous en intercommunication.Each pallet 1 is in contact, in its housing, with a push-piston 6 disposed in a channel 6A in communication with an auxiliary circuit 7 made in the rotor. All the channels 6A are in communication with said auxiliary circuit 7 and are all of which in intercommunication.

Conformément au schéma développé da la figure 1 se rapportant au comportement des palettes coulissantes en fonction d'un seul évidement E, on assiste, du fait du déplacement rotorique F, à un retrait de la palette coulissante 1 au contact de la rampe 5 qui se rapproche géométriquement du plan interstitiel P. En raison de ce retrait, la palette intéressée 1, à l'aide de son piston-poussoir 6, communique une pression supplémentaire dans le circuit auxiliaire 7. Cette pression vient agir derrière le piston-poussoir 6 des autres palettes et notamment de celles dont le bec avant est en contact avec la rampe 3 qui s'écarte géométriquement du plan interstitiel P est qui sortent de leur logement 2, compte tenu du déplacement rotorique F. La pression dans le circuit auxiliaire 7 s'exerce également, notamment sur les palettes coulissantes qui se trouvent dans une zone active de fonctionnement de l'évidement E où la plage 4 de l'évidement est parallèle au plan interstitiel P entre rotor et stator.In accordance with the diagram developed in FIG. 1 relating to the behavior of the sliding pallets as a function of a single recess E, there is, owing to the rotor displacement F, a withdrawal of the sliding pallet 1 in contact with the ramp 5 which geometrically approximates the interstitial plane P. Due to this withdrawal, the interested pallet 1, using its push piston 6, communicates an additional pressure in the auxiliary circuit 7. This pressure acts behind the push piston 6 of the other pallets and in particular those whose front spout is in contact with the ramp 3 which deviates geometrically from the interstitial plane P is which come out of their housing 2, taking into account the rotor displacement F. The pressure in the auxiliary circuit 7 s' also exerts, in particular on the sliding pallets which are in an active zone of operation of the recess E where the range 4 of the recess is parallel to the interstitial plane P between rotor and stator .

Il y a donc toujours une palette en retrait pour une palette active en saillie hors logement. Cette action des poussoirs des palettes en retrait sur les palettes en saillie hors logement peut être suffisante pour maintenir une application ou un collage satisfaisants des palettes contre la surface continue de fond statorique à évidements du dispositif.There is therefore always a recessed pallet for an active pallet projecting outside the housing. This action of the pushers of the recessed pallets on the protruding pallets outside the housing may be sufficient to maintain a satisfactory application or bonding of the pallets against the continuous surface of the stator bottom with recesses of the device.

Des électroaimants statoriques peuvent être prévus pour compléter ledit collage des palettes. Le circuit auxiliaire 7 est alimenté en haute pression HP par un clapet 8 et, en fonctionnement, la pression régnant dans le circuit auxiliaire 7 est une pression HP' plus grande que la pression HP. En d'autres termes HP' = HP +

Figure imgb0001
étant la force de poussée de la palette rentrante et S étant la surface active du poussoir 6 de transmission de pression. La force d'application F2 de la palette en saillie hors logement est égale à la pression FI.Stator electromagnets can be provided to complete said bonding of the pallets. The auxiliary circuit 7 is supplied with high pressure HP by a valve 8 and, in operation, the pressure prevailing in the auxiliary circuit 7 is a pressure HP 'greater than the pressure HP. In other words HP '= HP +
Figure imgb0001
 being the thrust force of the re-entrant pallet and S being the active surface of the pressure transmission plunger 6. The application force F2 of the pallet projecting outside the housing is equal to the pressure FI.

Sur la figure 2 ont été représentées quatre phases différentes de fonctionnement I, II, III et IV. Les phases I et Il sont des phases de propulsion avec une entrée HP et une sortie BP par évidement. La phase III correspond à une phase en roue libre avec entrée et sortie fermées et la phase IV représente un fonctionnement possible en freinage ou en pompe avec circuits basse pression BP et haute pression HP.In Figure 2 have been represented four different operating phases I, II, III and IV. Phases I and II are propulsion phases with an HP input and a BP output by recess. Phase III corresponds to a freewheeling phase with closed input and output and phase IV represents possible braking or pump operation with low pressure LP and high pressure HP circuits.

Dans la forme de réalisation représentée figure 3, la palette est équipée d'un ou de plusieurs clapets placés dans le même sens. Une force magnétique FM provenant du stator provoque le collage de la palette contre la surface continue de fond statorique et l'ouverture et la fermeture du clapet désigné par la référence générale 14, en fonction de la position de la palette par rapport aux rampes 3 et 5 et à la plage 4 de l'évidement statorique E: En effet, une tête 15 du clapet, elle-même attirée par la force magnétique FM, vient de ce fait également en contact avec les rampes 3 et 5 et la plage 4.In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the pallet is equipped with one or more valves placed in the same direction. A magnetic force FM coming from the stator causes the pallet to stick against the continuous surface of the stator bottom and the opening and closing of the valve designated by the general reference 14, as a function of the position of the pallet relative to the ramps 3 and 5 and at range 4 of the stator recess E: In fact, a head 15 of the valve, itself attracted by the magnetic force FM, therefore also comes into contact with the ramps 3 and 5 and the range 4.

Pendant la phase active de haute pression, le clapet se trouve fermé et emprisonne un volume hydraulique (V1) derrière la palette lequel empêche le décollement de celle-ci. La force magnétique FM, peut alors ne pas être exercée.During the high pressure active phase, the valve is closed and traps a hydraulic volume (V1) behind the vane which prevents it from coming off. The magnetic force FM, may then not be exerted.

La tête 15 de clapet est solidaire d'une tige 16 portant un disque 17 à ouvertures 18. Un ressort 19 est interposé entre le disque 17 et un fond annulaire 20 pratiqué dans la palette. De plus, le disque 17 est susceptible de venir en butée contre un épaulement annulaire 21 pratiqué également dans la palette.The valve head 15 is integral with a rod 16 carrying a disc 17 with openings 18. A spring 19 is interposed between the disc 17 and an annular bottom 20 formed in the pallet. In addition, the disc 17 is capable of abutting against an annular shoulder 21 also made in the pallet.

Au démarrage une pression hydraulique en provenance du circuit auxiliaire 7 provoque la mise en action des palettes.At start-up, hydraulic pressure from the auxiliary circuit 7 causes the pallets to be actuated.

Sur la figure 3 la force électromagnétique FM engendrée attire simultanément la palette 1 et son clapet 14, en les maintenant tous les deux en contact avec la piste statorique S ou rampes 3 et 5 et la plage 4 intermédiaire entre une rampe 5 et une rampe 3.In FIG. 3, the electromagnetic force FM generated simultaneously attracts the vane 1 and its valve 14, keeping them both in contact with the stator track S or ramps 3 and 5 and the intermediate range 4 between a ramp 5 and a ramp 3 .

Ce principe oblige l'ouverture du clapet 14 dans les profils de rampe 3 et 5 des évidements, permettant le transfert du volume de fluide V1 correspondant au déplacement de la palette. Ce dispositif est valable pour les descentes et les montées de rampes des évidements.This principle requires the opening of the valve 14 in the rail profiles 3 and 5 of the recesses, allowing the transfer of the volume of fluid V1 corresponding to the movement of the pallet. This device is valid for descending and climbing ramps of recesses.

Lors du passage des palettes dans les parties plates du fond statorique S les unes proches du plan interstitiel P les autres constituées par les plages 4 des évidements E, la géométrie de la piste statorique impose la fermeture du clapet 14, annulant ainsi tout transfert de fluide nécessaire au mouvement de la palette. La palette est immobilisée pendant ses phases actives en position de fonctionnement et correspond au fonctionnement des évidements en phases I, Il et IV de la figure 2.When the pallets pass through the flat parts of the stator bottom S, some close to the interstitial plane P the others formed by the areas 4 of the recesses E, the geometry of the stator track requires the closure of the valve 14, thus canceling any transfer of fluid necessary for the movement of the pallet. The pallet is immobilized during its active phases in the operating position and corresponds to the operation of the recesses in phases I, II and IV of FIG. 2.

Les palettes peuvent présenter une portion courbe 22 de contact avec la surface continue statorique et une portion compensatrice 23 exposée à la pression du fluide pour que cette pression s'exerce sensiblement perpendiculairement à la surface statorique, améliorant ainsi l'application de la palette contre la surface statorique. Chaque palette peut également être pourvue d'une surface supplémentaire exposée à la pression et s'étendant latéralement en 24 à la palette et se poursuivant à l'intérieur du logement de la palette. Cette surface supplémentaire permet d'éviter tout basculement de la palette et permet l'établissement d'une étanchéité de la palette contre son logement sur une ligne de contact 25 située en arête arrière de la face latérale de la palette opposée à celle exposée en 24 à la pression prépondérante.The pallets may have a curved portion 22 of contact with the stator continuous surface and a compensating portion 23 exposed to the pressure of the fluid so that this pressure is exerted substantially perpendicular to the stator surface, thus improving the application of the pallet against the stator surface. Each pallet can also be provided with an additional surface exposed to pressure and extending laterally at 24 to the pallet and continuing inside the pallet housing. This additional surface makes it possible to avoid any tilting of the pallet and enables the pallet to be sealed against its housing on a contact line 25 situated at the rear edge of the lateral face of the pallet opposite to that exposed at 24 at the preponderant pressure.

Claims (1)

  1. A hydrostatic motor with vanes axially slidable in rotor lodgings and against a continuous stator bottom surface with recesses therein, comprising a circuit (7) for intercommunication between vanes (1) behind the latter, said circuit permitting complete transmission of pressures between vanes according to their variable location against said stator bottom surface with recesses therein (E), thereby ensuring accelerations and decelerations of axial sliding of the vanes as well as pressing of said vanes against the stator bottom surface with recesses therein, with the vanes retracted in their lodgings acting upon the vanes projecting out of their lodgings thanks to pressure increase in said intercommunication circuit, each vane being in contact in its rotor lodging with a pusher piston (6) for pressure transmission in said circuit (7) for intercommunication between vanes, characterized in that each vane is equipped with at least one valve (14) opening under the action of a magnetic stator force (FM) in the rotor bottom lodging to stator recess direction and closing under the action of a spring (19) or a portion of the stator bottom surface with recesses therein (E).
EP81401018A 1980-04-04 1981-06-24 Hydrostatic motor with axially sliding vanes Expired EP0067918B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8181401018T DE3172890D1 (en) 1981-06-24 1981-06-24 Hydrostatic motor with axially sliding vanes
AT81401018T ATE16517T1 (en) 1981-06-24 1981-06-24 HYDROSTATIC MOTOR WITH AXIAL SLIDING SLIDES.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8007687A FR2479913B1 (en) 1980-04-04 1980-04-04 HYDROSTATIC MOTOR WITH AXIAL SLIDING PALLETS

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EP0067918A1 EP0067918A1 (en) 1982-12-29
EP0067918B1 true EP0067918B1 (en) 1985-11-13

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FR2479913B1 (en) 1985-09-13
EP0067918A1 (en) 1982-12-29
US4469474A (en) 1984-09-04
FR2479913A1 (en) 1981-10-09

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