EP0066733B1 - Soupape d'admission ou d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Soupape d'admission ou d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0066733B1
EP0066733B1 EP82104273A EP82104273A EP0066733B1 EP 0066733 B1 EP0066733 B1 EP 0066733B1 EP 82104273 A EP82104273 A EP 82104273A EP 82104273 A EP82104273 A EP 82104273A EP 0066733 B1 EP0066733 B1 EP 0066733B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
shut
combustion chamber
cylindrical
ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82104273A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0066733A1 (fr
Inventor
Werner Dr.-Ing. Hüther
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MTU Aero Engines GmbH
Original Assignee
MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH filed Critical MTU Motoren und Turbinen Union Muenchen GmbH
Publication of EP0066733A1 publication Critical patent/EP0066733A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0066733B1 publication Critical patent/EP0066733B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L5/00—Slide valve-gear or valve-arrangements
    • F01L5/04—Slide valve-gear or valve-arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/20—Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an internal combustion engine inlet or outlet valve, which consists of a valve stem and a ceramic shut-off part located at one end thereof, with which a combustion chamber opening can be alternately exposed or shut off in accordance with the operating cycle of the machine, by the shut-off part in the direction of movement parallel to the valve for opening the combustion chamber from a cylindrical valve seat which can be enclosed between the latter and the outer circumferential surface of the shut-off part against the combustion chamber or closes it.
  • valve body which is a valve disk
  • valve stem form a one-piece unit made of steel, which is a rotating body and can be moved back and forth in the direction of its longitudinal axis.
  • the two mutually parallel sealing surfaces of the valve are frustoconical surfaces.
  • the valve disk can be pressed with its sealing surface against the fixed sealing surface by the force of a helical compression spring during the closing time.
  • the heat in the valve plate is dissipated into the water or air-cooled cylinder head via the truncated cone valve seat during the closing time.
  • This heat dissipation is not particularly large, i. H. in particular the valve body is at risk of heat, or such a valve cannot be subjected to high thermal loads.
  • very high acceleration forces occur when the rocker arm or the like strikes the valve stem when the valve is opened and furthermore when the valve plate hits the valve seat when the valve closes. This results in high mechanical loads on the valve and considerable noise.
  • the type mentioned at the outset is based on a valve known from the abstract of the JP patent for the relevant JP patent application 54-98095 with the publication number 56-23 507 (A), in which the plate-shaped shut-off part is made of a sintered ceramic Material should be made to want to protect the surface, and thus at the same time the relevant valve seat contact surface of the shut-off part from hot gas corrosion and the associated damage.
  • fibrous crystals should be embedded in the sintered ceramic material for the shut-off part.
  • ceramic materials are generally known to have a comparatively high temperature resistance and low thermal expansion in addition to the corrosion resistance already mentioned.
  • the main lack of ceramic materials is seen in their lack of ductility or in their comparatively high brittleness.
  • shut-off part is designed as a piston slide valve member and can be displaced axially parallel within a cylindrical overflow housing, so that mutually opposite flow openings alternately at the same time in a common transverse plane in the overflow housing cordon off or expose at the same time.
  • the cylindrical overflow channel is connected to an inlet or outlet chamber arranged coaxially to the valve stem and partially enclosing the same, the latter together with the overflow channel being integrated in the engine block parallel to the axis next to a respective cylinder-piston unit.
  • FR-A-2 210 262 an essentially "bulb-shaped" valve shut-off element intended for use in wash basins or the like is also known, the contour of which widens in the direction of a rotationally symmetrical sealing seat surface and from there is essentially conical to a rounded one Valve tip is tapered again.
  • the shut-off element has a sealing ring inserted into the outside of the sealing seat surface, with which the shut-off element can be displaced against a rotationally symmetrically adjacent stationary counter seat surface.
  • FR-A-2 210 262 does not provide any reference to a valve design for internal combustion engines which forms the genus or the preamble of claim 1, with regard to the specified valve design, in order to provide an aerodynamically optimized combustion chamber filling or discharge option despite high and frequently changing temperature stresses to enable extremely low sealing play.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an initially specified and according to the preamble of claim 1 valve, which allows an extremely small seal clearance with high thermal load capacity while at the same time aerodynamically favorable gas inflow and outflow conditions.
  • the essential cladding of brittleness of the ceramic material mentioned at the outset is completely eliminated and, at the same time, a comparatively low-wear valve is created.
  • valve shut-off body, valve seat In the way of the ceramic material pairing according to the invention (valve shut-off body, valve seat), it is possible to enable an extremely low backlash despite the work cycle-related high temperature stresses or differences due to the always extremely low thermal expansions of both ceramic valve partners, which in turn - despite the specified type of seal - is practical no leakage flows are to be expected when the valve is shut off. In other words, there is an extremely small seal play without having to reckon with a risk of the shut-off part jamming in the stationary cylindrical valve guide. In addition, the overall concept according to the invention enables extremely high combustion temperatures to be achieved.
  • valve locking body can easily be so aerodynamically optimized that as little eddy formation as possible occurs in the inflowing or outflowing fluid.
  • valve shut-off body is not thermally overloaded due to the greater heat absorption, because it is made of ceramic material.
  • the valve shut-off part and the stationary valve seat can in particular be made of silicon carbide (SiC) or silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) but also, for. B. made of oxide ceramics such as aluminum oxide (A1 2 0 3 ) or magnesium oxide (MgO).
  • the ceramic, plate-shaped shut-off part 13 has a cylinder sealing surface 14 on the outside. This lies against the cylinder sealing surface 15, which is provided on a valve ring 16.
  • the plate-shaped shut-off part 13 has on its cylinder sealing surface 14 in the direction of the cylinder axis 10 successive labyrinth sealing grooves 17.
  • the valve ring 16 is also made of ceramic material and is seated in a recess 19 of a cylinder head 20 which begins at the combustion chamber 18 and which can be made of ceramic material, and thus forms the combustion chamber opening 21 of the valve.
  • a valve tube 22 can be used, which is inserted in the cylinder head 20 and also begins at the combustion chamber 18.
  • the valve ring 16 or the valve tube 22 has an inlet surface 23 which adjoins the cylinder sealing surface 15 and widens conically to the combustion chamber 18 and ends there with the combustion chamber opening 21.
  • this aerodynamically optimized shut-off part 24 is equipped with a cylinder sealing surface 25 that is axially short in relation to its largest diameter and its total length in the region of this largest diameter.
  • the fixed cylinder sealing surface 26 is formed by the cylinder head 20.
  • This has an inlet surface 23 designed according to FIG. 1.
  • the valve body 24 has a spherical cavity 27 on the inside to save weight. Due to its teardrop shape, the valve body 24 has a streamlined bulge 28 into the combustion chamber 18. The bulge 28 is particularly streamlined because it is formed tapering into the combustion chamber 18. The opposite bulge 29 by means of the transition that tapers into the valve stem 12 is also very flow-favorable.
  • the valve body 24 could also be referred to as a bulbous body.
  • valve shut-off part 13 or 24 is to be moved into the combustion chamber 18 to open the valve.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)

Claims (2)

1. Soupape d'admission ou d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne, soupape constituée d'une tige de soupape (12) et d'une pièce d'obturation (13) en céramique se trouvant à une extrémité de cette tige, pièce avec laquelle un orifice (21) de chambre de combustion est susceptible d'être libéré ou bien obturé alternativement en accord sur la cadence de fonctionnement du moteur, du fait que cette pièce d'obturation (13), selon une direction de déplacement parallèle à l'axe de la soupape par rapport à l'orifice (21) de la chambre de combustion, se soulève d'un siège cylindrique de soupape susceptible d'être inclus entre cet orifice et la surface périphérique externe de la pièce d'obturation (13), ou bien ferme ce siège, soupape caractérisée par la combinaison des caractéristiques suivantes:
a) la pièce d'obturation (13) et le siège de soupape sont tous deux rélisés en un matériau céramique,
b) la soupape ferme l'orifice (21) de la chambre de combustion au moyen de surfaces d'étanchement cylindriques (14) et (15), parallèles à l'axe de la soupape, de la pièce d'obturation (13) et de la paroi de l'orifice.
2. Soupape selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la pièce d'obturation (24) est constituée par un corps creux de révolution en forme de gouttes, optimalisé aérodynamique- ment, et effilé en direction de la chambre de combustion (18).
EP82104273A 1981-06-06 1982-05-15 Soupape d'admission ou d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne Expired EP0066733B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813122603 DE3122603A1 (de) 1981-06-06 1981-06-06 "ventil, insbesondere ein- oder auslassventil an einem verbrennungsmotor"
DE3122603 1981-06-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0066733A1 EP0066733A1 (fr) 1982-12-15
EP0066733B1 true EP0066733B1 (fr) 1985-10-02

Family

ID=6134130

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82104273A Expired EP0066733B1 (fr) 1981-06-06 1982-05-15 Soupape d'admission ou d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4475494A (fr)
EP (1) EP0066733B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5825508A (fr)
DE (2) DE3122603A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3302650A1 (de) * 1983-01-27 1984-08-02 Oliver Dipl.-Phys. 7148 Remseck Laing Ventil fuer verbrennungsmotor
US4779584A (en) * 1987-02-24 1988-10-25 Warr Valves, Inc. Internal combustion engine intake valve
IT1205781B (it) * 1987-04-06 1989-03-31 B Art Srl Sistema di valvole per macchine e motori alternativi
GB2209797B (en) * 1987-09-17 1991-10-09 T & N Technology Ltd Internal combustion engine exhaust system
US4815706A (en) * 1988-01-15 1989-03-28 Feuling James J Values for improved fluid flow therearound
JPH02115924U (fr) * 1989-03-03 1990-09-17
JP2610187B2 (ja) * 1989-04-28 1997-05-14 株式会社いすゞセラミックス研究所 バルブの駆動装置
DE8910835U1 (de) * 1989-09-11 1990-02-01 Gedlich, Dietrich Walter, 6090 Rüsselsheim Kolben zur Steuerung von Gaswechselvorgängen sowie zur Abdichtung gegenüber dem Brennraum von Verbrennungsmotoren
US5044332A (en) * 1990-12-24 1991-09-03 John Ondracek Elliptical valve stem for reducing turbulence in combustion engines
DE19648496A1 (de) * 1996-11-22 1998-05-28 Josef Freialdenhoven Verbrennungskraftmaschine
US5950989A (en) * 1997-05-29 1999-09-14 Caterpillar Inc. Valve interface having mismatched radii
DE60314558T2 (de) * 2002-03-20 2007-10-25 Honda Giken Kogyo K.K. Brennkraftmaschine mit variabelm Verdichtungsverhältnis
DE102012111558A1 (de) * 2012-11-29 2014-06-05 Firma IHI Charging Systems International GmbH Regelvorrichtung für einen Abgasführungsabschnitt einer Turbine
US9745927B2 (en) 2015-03-10 2017-08-29 Denso International America, Inc. Emissions reduction system for an internal combustion engine
US9903323B2 (en) * 2015-03-10 2018-02-27 Denso International America, Inc. Emissions reduction system for an internal combustion engine
EP3792409A1 (fr) 2019-09-12 2021-03-17 Grundfos Holding A/S Système de soupape, collecteur de tuyauterie et système de pompe

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB211644A (en) * 1922-12-29 1924-02-28 Henry Selby Hele Shaw Improvements in taps or valves
US1680099A (en) * 1926-02-05 1928-08-07 William Goldstein Valve for internal-combustion engines
US1905140A (en) * 1932-05-12 1933-04-25 Boyce William Frederick Valve for internal combustion engines
US2090800A (en) * 1936-07-21 1937-08-24 Charles M Macdonald Engine valve
CH291607A (fr) * 1948-08-16 1953-06-30 Alliance Europ Moteur à combustion interne.
DE1282377B (de) * 1965-09-21 1968-11-07 American Radiator & Standard Keramischer Ventilsitz und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
FR1488247A (fr) * 1966-02-03 1967-07-13 Anciens Etablissements Etampag Vanne, notamment pour canalisations à gaz
DE2238750A1 (de) * 1972-08-05 1974-02-07 Porsche Kg Zylinderkopf mit im einlasskanal angeordnetem ventilsitz, in dem der ventilteller eines ventils in schliesstellung ruht
FR2210262A5 (fr) * 1972-12-11 1974-07-05 Millet Jean
JPS5439024A (en) * 1977-09-01 1979-03-24 Nosonobuichi Masuriyans Gudaru Process for preparing benzene and xylene
JPS5623507A (en) * 1979-08-02 1981-03-05 Toshiba Corp Exhaust valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3266638D1 (en) 1985-11-07
EP0066733A1 (fr) 1982-12-15
DE3122603A1 (de) 1983-01-05
JPS5825508A (ja) 1983-02-15
US4475494A (en) 1984-10-09

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