EP0056569A1 - Turbine with variable inlet section - Google Patents

Turbine with variable inlet section Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0056569A1
EP0056569A1 EP81870007A EP81870007A EP0056569A1 EP 0056569 A1 EP0056569 A1 EP 0056569A1 EP 81870007 A EP81870007 A EP 81870007A EP 81870007 A EP81870007 A EP 81870007A EP 0056569 A1 EP0056569 A1 EP 0056569A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbo
fluid
injection
regulator according
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP81870007A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Albert Van Gucht
Raymond Wattez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Umicore NV SA
Original Assignee
Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi SA
ACEC SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi SA, ACEC SA filed Critical Ateliers de Constructions Electriques de Charleroi SA
Priority to EP81870007A priority Critical patent/EP0056569A1/en
Priority to EP82200035A priority patent/EP0056669B1/en
Priority to AT82200035T priority patent/ATE23905T1/en
Priority to DE8282200035T priority patent/DE3274480D1/en
Publication of EP0056569A1 publication Critical patent/EP0056569A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10—Final actuators
    • F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/16—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes
    • F01D17/165—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of nozzle vanes for radial flow, i.e. the vanes turning around axes which are essentially parallel to the rotor centre line

Definitions

  • centripetal wheel of the turbine is done by a constant opening injection sector whose fixed guide vanes impose on the fluid a suitable orientation.
  • the invention claimed below makes it possible to maintain the yield at its optimum value whatever the flow rate of the fluid and its application covers both the recovery of energy by expansion of gas at high pressure and that by expansion of water vapor. . In addition, it simplifies the installation upstream of the machine by replacing the flow control valve, high cost and generating energy loss, by a simple shut-off valve.
  • the invention essentially consists of a device making it possible to vary the sector of injection of the fluid without appreciably modifying the speed of the latter even if the flow rate undergoes significant fluctuations.
  • This device comprises a regulator provided with a variable injection sector, the opening of which is adjusted according to the characteristics of the fluid conveyed.
  • adjustable guide vanes controlled by a servo-motor whose action is proportional to the flow rate observed, are oriented so as to obtain an adequate passage section.
  • a high-pressure body 1 conveys the fluid to introduce it radially by an injection sector 2 extending, in this example, over an arc of approximately 140 °.
  • This injection sector 2 comprises, in the central zone, three fixed guide vanes 3, a first group of four guide vanes 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A each orientable by rotation around a pivot 4P, 5P, 6P, 7P and each controlled by an arm 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B secured at dawn and terminated by a roller 4R, 5R, 6R, 7R.
  • These rollers are guided by a groove 8 formed in a control ring 9 concentric with a discharge cylinder 10 whose axis coincides with that of the machine.
  • This injection sector 2 also includes a second group with three guide vanes IIA, 12A, 13A each orientable by rotation around a pivot 11P, 12P, 13P, each controlled by an arm 11B, 12B, 13B secured at dawn and ended with a roller 11R, 12R, 13R.
  • These rollers 11R, 12R, 13R are guided respectively by the grooves 14, 15, 16 of the control ring 9 which, by means of a linkage 17, is actuated by a servo motor not shown.
  • FIG. 1 represents the injection sector 2 in the position corresponding to the minimum flow rate of the fluid. The latter is expanded by passing through the three channels formed by the three fixed guide vanes 3 and the orientable guide vane 11A.
  • the control crown 9 rotates, clockwise, by an angle proportional to the increase in flow and the guide vanes orientable open successively and gradually depending on the position of the rollers on the ramps of the guide grooves.
  • the steerable guide vane 4A gradually pivots according to the progression of the roller 4R on the ramp 8R of the groove 8 formed in the control crown 9.
  • the orientable guide vane 11A begins its rotation before the total opening of the orientable guide vane 4A.
  • the opening control of the adjustable guide vanes 4A, 5A, 6A is carried out by the single ramp 8R of the groove 8 while the opening control of the vanes 11A, 12A, 13A is made by the ramps 14R, 15R, 16R belonging respectively to the grooves 14, 15, 16 formed in the control ring 9.
  • This control ring 9 consists of two co-axial plates 18, 19 of the same diameter, made integral with one another and carrying one 18 the guide grooves 8 and 15 and the other 19 the grooves of guidance 14 and 16.
  • the injection sector may extend over a different arc from that shown in FIG. 1. It is even possible to obtain an injection of the fluid over an opening of the order of 360 °. It is also possible that the order of opening of the orientable guide vanes takes place according to another process. For example, contrary to FIG. 1 where the progressive opening of the injection sector is done by extension of a central zone widening on either side of a minimum opening, an opening can be made. progressive spreading on one side of the minimum opening.
  • FIG. 3 represents the orientable guide vane 4A in the fully open position while the orientable guide vane 5A is still completely closed.
  • all the blades have an aerodynamic profile in the shape of a very flat triangle.
  • the base of this triangle determines with its long side an edge which is the trailing edge of the blade and with its short side another edge which constitutes the leading edge of the blade.
  • the apex of the triangle is rounded according to a curvature concentric with the pivot of the blade so as to determine a range on which the trailing edge of the neighboring blade can bear. This range, called neutral zone, allows the neighboring blade to keep the same position whatever the orientation of the blade on which it rests.
  • the orientable guide vane 5A rests by its trailing edge on the neutral zone of the guide vane orientable 4A. Therefore, the orientation of the steerable guide vane 4A can vary without changing the orientation of the steerable guide vane 5A.
  • This configuration makes it possible not to create parasitic openings, generating eddies which modify the flow of the fluid and reduce the efficiency of the fluid expansion.
  • FIG. 3 also shows an implantation of the pivots of the orientable guide vanes on the high-pressure body 1 so as to form converging channels, whatever the degree of opening of the vanes, to allow suitable relaxation of the fluids conveyed.
  • the steerable guide vanes shown in Figure 3 have two wings which, counted from the axis of the pivot of the blade, are of unequal sizes. This asymmetry allows by the play of pressures applied to the different faces of the triangle to obtain a resulting torque always acting in the same direction and to allow on the one hand to the whole linkage to work without shaking and on the other hand to the roller, located at the end of the arm, to remain applied to the same flank of the groove made in the control ring 9.
  • the result of the forces acting on the different forces of the orientable guide vane 6A results in a torque acting in the anticlockwise to apply the roller 6R on the lower side of the groove 8.
  • the regulator with variable injection sector equips the high-pressure body with a centriped turbine. It is obvious that the same device can equip both the high and low pressure bodies of this turbine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

Turbine equipped with orientable directing blades controlled by servomotor for the purpose of adapting the cross-section to the variable fluid flow. A successive and progressive opening of specially shaped blades makes it possible to keep the quantity of energy recovered as a result of the expansion of the high-pressure gases at its optimum value.

Description

Il est de plus en plus fréquent de récupérer l'énergie de détente des gaz transportés à haute pression en entraînant divers engins électriques ou mécaniques tels que alternateur rapide, compresseur, pompe, alternateur classique avec réducteur etc.. Une récupération intéressante de la détente des gaz se fait sous forme d'énergie électrique par l' intermédiaire d'un turbo-détendeur, constitué principalement d'une ou de deux turbines centripètes montées en porte-à-faux sur l'abre d'un alternateur à grande vitesse. Le brevet européen 79200543.1 se rapporte à ce type de turbine de détente associée à une génératrice de courant électrique.It is more and more frequent to recover the energy of relaxation of the gases transported at high pressure by driving various electric or mechanical machines such as fast alternator, compressor, pump, traditional alternator with reducer etc. An interesting recovery of the relaxation of gas is produced in the form of electrical energy by means of a turboexpander, mainly consisting of one or two centripetal turbines mounted in cantilever on the shade of a high speed alternator. European patent 79200543.1 relates to this type of expansion turbine associated with an electric current generator.

Généralement l'alimentation de la roue centripète de la turbine se fait par un secteur d'injection d'ouverture constante dont les aubes directrices fixes imposent au fluide une orientation convenable.Generally the supply of the centripetal wheel of the turbine is done by a constant opening injection sector whose fixed guide vanes impose on the fluid a suitable orientation.

Ces secteurs d'injection à ouverture constante ne permettent pas une récupération optimale d'énergie lorsque le débit subit des fluctuations. D'autre part, à cause des variations de débit, l'installation doit comprendre, en amont du détendeur, une vanne de réglage qui module l'ouverture en fonction du débit. Cette modulation du débit par vanne de réglage se fait avec perte d'énergie et affecte le rendement de l'opération de récupération par détente de fluide.These injection sectors with constant opening do not allow optimal energy recovery when the flow rate fluctuates. On the other hand, because of the variations in flow, the installation must include, upstream of the regulator, an adjustment valve which modulates the opening according to the flow. This modulation of the flow rate by adjustment valve is done with loss of energy and affects the efficiency of the recovery operation by expansion of fluid.

L'invention revendiquée ci-après permet de maintenir le rendement à sa valeur optimale quel que soit le débit du fluide et son application couvre aussi bien la récupération d'énergie par détente de gaz à haute pression que celle par détente de vapeur d'eau. En outre elle permet de simplifier l'installation en amont de la machine en remplaçant la vanne de réglage de débit, de coût élevé et génératrice de perte d'énergie, par une simple vanne d'arrêt. L'invention consiste essentiellement en un dispositif permettant de faire varier le secteur d'injection du fluide sans modifier sensiblement la vitesse de celui-ci même si le débit subit des fluctuations importantes.The invention claimed below makes it possible to maintain the yield at its optimum value whatever the flow rate of the fluid and its application covers both the recovery of energy by expansion of gas at high pressure and that by expansion of water vapor. . In addition, it simplifies the installation upstream of the machine by replacing the flow control valve, high cost and generating energy loss, by a simple shut-off valve. The invention essentially consists of a device making it possible to vary the sector of injection of the fluid without appreciably modifying the speed of the latter even if the flow rate undergoes significant fluctuations.

Ce dispositif comporte un détendeur muni d'un secteur d'injection variable dont l'ouverture se règle selon les caractéristiques du fluide véhiculé. De façon à adapter le secteur d'injection à une variation de débit, sans modifier la vitesse d'écoulement du fluide, des aubes directrices réglables, commandées par un servo-moteur dont l'action est proportionnelle au débit constaté, s'orientent de manière à obtenir une section de passage adéquate.This device comprises a regulator provided with a variable injection sector, the opening of which is adjusted according to the characteristics of the fluid conveyed. In order to adapt the injection sector to a variation in flow rate, without modifying the flow speed of the fluid, adjustable guide vanes, controlled by a servo-motor whose action is proportional to the flow rate observed, are oriented so as to obtain an adequate passage section.

L'invention sera exposée plus en détails à l'aide des figures suivantes.

  • La figure 1 est une vue générale d'un exemple de réalisation d'un secteur d'injection .
  • La figure 2 montre une coupe faite selon l'axe de la machine.
  • La figure 3 donne le détail de la.disposition géométrique de quelques aubes.
  • La figure 4 représente la loi linéaire établie entre l'angle de rotation de l'anneau de commande et la section de passage du détendeur.
  • La figure 1 représente un secteur d'injection constitué d'aubes directrices fixes,assurant un débit minimum, et d'aubes directrices orientables pour adapter la section de passage aux variations de débit.
The invention will be explained in more detail using the following figures.
  • Figure 1 is a general view of an exemplary embodiment of an injection sector.
  • Figure 2 shows a section along the axis of the machine.
  • Figure 3 gives the detail of the geometric arrangement of some blades.
  • FIG. 4 represents the linear law established between the angle of rotation of the control ring and the passage section of the regulator.
  • FIG. 1 represents an injection sector consisting of fixed guide vanes, ensuring a minimum flow rate, and orientable guide vanes to adapt the passage section to variations in flow rate.

Dans la figure 1, un corps haute-pression 1 véhicule le fluide pour l'introduire radialement par un secteur d'injection 2 s'étendant, dans cet exemple, sur un arc d'environ 140°.In FIG. 1, a high-pressure body 1 conveys the fluid to introduce it radially by an injection sector 2 extending, in this example, over an arc of approximately 140 °.

Ce secteur d'injection 2 comprend, dans la zone centrale, trois aubes directrices fixes 3, un premier groupe de quatre aubes directrices 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A orientable chacune par rotation autour d'un pivot 4P, 5P, 6P, 7P et commandée chacune par un bras 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B solidarisé à l'aube et terminé par un rouleau 4R, 5R, 6R, 7R. Ces rouleaux sont guidés par une rainure 8 pratiquée dans une couronne de commande 9 concentrique à un cylindre de décharge 10 dont l'axe coincide avec celui de la machine.This injection sector 2 comprises, in the central zone, three fixed guide vanes 3, a first group of four guide vanes 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A each orientable by rotation around a pivot 4P, 5P, 6P, 7P and each controlled by an arm 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B secured at dawn and terminated by a roller 4R, 5R, 6R, 7R. These rollers are guided by a groove 8 formed in a control ring 9 concentric with a discharge cylinder 10 whose axis coincides with that of the machine.

Ce secteur d'injection 2 comprend également un second groupe à trois aubes directrices IIA, 12A, 13A orientable chacune par rotation autour d'un pivot 11P, 12P, 13P, commandé chacune par un bras 11B, 12B, 13B solidarisé à l'aube et terminé par un rouleau 11R, 12R, 13R. Ces rouleaux 11R, 12R, 13R sont guidés respectivement par les rainures 14, 15, 16 de la couronne de commande 9 qui, par l'intermédiaire d'une tringlerie 17, est actionnée par un servo-moteur non représenté. La figure 1 représente le secteur d'injection 2 dans la position correspondant au débit minimum du fluide. Celui-ci est détendu en passant à travers les trois canaux formé par les trois aubes directrices fixes 3 et l'aube directrice orientable 11A. Lorsque le débit augmente la couronne de commande 9 tourne, dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre, d'un angle proportionnel à l'accroissement du débit et les aubes directrices orientables s'ouvrent sucessivement et progressivement selon la position des rouleaux sur les rampes des rainures de guidage. Au départ de la position représentée à la figure 1, l'aube directrice orientable 4A pivote progressivement selon la progression du rouleau 4R sur la rampe 8R de la rainure 8 pratiquée dans la couronne de commande 9. Toutefois, afin d'établir une loi linéaire entre l'angle de rotation de la couronne de commande 9 et la section de passage offerte au fluide, l'aube directrice orientable 11A commence sa rotation avant l'ouverture totale de l'aube directrice orientable 4A. Selon le débit enregistré par les moyens de mesure et de commande du servo-moteur il y aura successivement ouverture des aubes orientables 4A, 11A, 5A, 12A, 6A, 13A avec,pour chacune d'elles, l'amorce du mouvement d'ouverture avant 1' ouverture totale de la précédente.This injection sector 2 also includes a second group with three guide vanes IIA, 12A, 13A each orientable by rotation around a pivot 11P, 12P, 13P, each controlled by an arm 11B, 12B, 13B secured at dawn and ended with a roller 11R, 12R, 13R. These rollers 11R, 12R, 13R are guided respectively by the grooves 14, 15, 16 of the control ring 9 which, by means of a linkage 17, is actuated by a servo motor not shown. FIG. 1 represents the injection sector 2 in the position corresponding to the minimum flow rate of the fluid. The latter is expanded by passing through the three channels formed by the three fixed guide vanes 3 and the orientable guide vane 11A. When the flow increases the control crown 9 rotates, clockwise, by an angle proportional to the increase in flow and the guide vanes orientable open successively and gradually depending on the position of the rollers on the ramps of the guide grooves. From the position shown in Figure 1, the steerable guide vane 4A gradually pivots according to the progression of the roller 4R on the ramp 8R of the groove 8 formed in the control crown 9. However, in order to establish a linear law between the angle of rotation of the control ring 9 and the passage section offered to the fluid, the orientable guide vane 11A begins its rotation before the total opening of the orientable guide vane 4A. According to the flow recorded by the measuring and control means of the servo-motor there will be successively opening of the adjustable vanes 4A, 11A, 5A, 12A, 6A, 13A with, for each of them, the initiation of the movement of opening before the total opening of the previous one.

La commande d'ouverture des aubes directrices orientables 4A, 5A, 6A est réalisée par la seule rampe 8R de la rainure 8 tandis que la commande d'ouverture des aubes 11A, 12A, 13A est faite par les rampes 14R, 15R, 16R appartenant respectivement aux rainures 14, 15, 16 pratiquée dans l'anneau de commande 9.The opening control of the adjustable guide vanes 4A, 5A, 6A is carried out by the single ramp 8R of the groove 8 while the opening control of the vanes 11A, 12A, 13A is made by the ramps 14R, 15R, 16R belonging respectively to the grooves 14, 15, 16 formed in the control ring 9.

Cet anneau de commande 9 est constitué de deux plateaux co-axiaux 18, 19 de même diamètre, rendus solidaires l'un de l'autre et portant l'un 18 les rainures de guidage 8 et 15 et l'autre 19 les rainures de guidage 14 et 16.This control ring 9 consists of two co-axial plates 18, 19 of the same diameter, made integral with one another and carrying one 18 the guide grooves 8 and 15 and the other 19 the grooves of guidance 14 and 16.

Lorsque l'ouverture totale du secteur d'injection 2 est obtenue par pivotements successifs et progressifs des aubes directrices orientables 4A, 11A, 5A, 12A, 6A, 13A actionnées par l'anneau de commande 9 se déplaçant dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre, il est évident que par rotation de cet anneau de commande 9 en sens inverse on obtient une fermeture partielle du secteur d'injection 2 par pivotements successifs et progressifs des aubes 13A, 6A, 12A, 5A, 11A, 4A en respectant la même loi linéaire unissant la section de passage offerte au fluide à son débit.When the total opening of the injection sector 2 is obtained by successive and progressive pivoting of the orientable guide vanes 4A, 11A, 5A, 12A, 6A, 13A actuated by the control ring 9 moving in the direction of the needles a watch, it is obvious that by rotation of this control ring 9 in the opposite direction, partial injection sector 2 is obtained by successive and progressive pivoting of the blades 13A, 6A, 12A, 5A, 11A, 4A while respecting the same linear law uniting the cross-section offered to the fluid at its flow rate.

La même remarque prévaut pour un degré d'ouverture intermédiaire du secteur d'injection où par inversion du sens de rotation de l'anneau de commande on peut obtenir une fermeture successive et progressive des aubes directrices orientables déjà ouvertes . Le dispositif décrit permet donc d'adapter à chaque instant une ouverture convenable du secteur d'injection 2 pour conserver au fluide véhiculé une même vitesse malgré les nombreuses fluctuations du débit. Il permet ainsi de conserver un rendement optimal à l'installation quelles que soient les conditions d'alimentation du fluide. Le dispositif représenté par les figures 1 et 2 est donné à titre d'exemple de réalisation. La même invention s'applique aussi à un secteur d'injection dont le nombre d'aubes directrices fixes est différent voire même nul. Dans ce dernier cas on obtient alors un détendeur pouvant s'adapter à de très faible débit.The same remark prevails for an intermediate degree of opening of the injection sector where by reversing the direction of rotation of the control ring it is possible to obtain a successive and progressive closing of the orientable guide vanes already open. The device described therefore makes it possible to adapt at any time a suitable opening of the injection sector 2 in order to keep the conveyed fluid the same speed despite the many fluctuations in flow. It thus allows optimum performance to be maintained at the installation whatever the fluid supply conditions. The device shown in Figures 1 and 2 is given as an example of embodiment. The same invention also applies to an injection sector in which the number of fixed guide vanes is different or even zero. In the latter case, a regulator can then be obtained which can adapt to very low flow.

Dans d'autres réalisations, le secteur d'injection peut s'étendre sur un arc différent de celui représenté à la figure 1. Il est même possible d'obtenir une injection du fluide sur une ouverture de l'ordre de 360°. Il est également possible que l'ordre d'ouverture des aubes directrices orientables se fasse selon un autre processus. Par exemple, à l'encontre de la figure 1 où l'ouverture progressive du secteur d'injection se fait par extension d'une zone centrale s'élargissant de part et d'autre d'une ouverture minimum, on peut réaliser une ouverture progressive s'étalant d'un seul côté de l'ouverture minimum.In other embodiments, the injection sector may extend over a different arc from that shown in FIG. 1. It is even possible to obtain an injection of the fluid over an opening of the order of 360 °. It is also possible that the order of opening of the orientable guide vanes takes place according to another process. For example, contrary to FIG. 1 where the progressive opening of the injection sector is done by extension of a central zone widening on either side of a minimum opening, an opening can be made. progressive spreading on one side of the minimum opening.

Dans tous ces exemples d'exécution, il importe de réaliser une ouverture ne présentant pas de discontinuités susceptibles d'introduire des remous perturbant l'écoulement régulier du fluide et diminuant ainsi la quantité d'énergie récupérable.In all of these exemplary embodiments, it is important to make an opening that does not have discontinuities liable to introduce eddies which disturb the regular flow of the fluid and thus reduce the amount of energy recoverable.

Le processus d'ouverture précédemment décrit, la forme des aubes et leur disposition géométrique développées par la suite conduisent à ce résultat.The opening process described above, the shape of the blades and their geometric arrangement developed subsequently lead to this result.

La figure 3 représente l'aube directrice orientable 4A en position complètement ouverte alors que l'aube directrice orientable 5A est encore complètement fermée. Dans cette figure, toutes les aubes présentent un profil aérodynamique en forme de triangle très applati. La base de ce triangle détermine avec son grand côté une arête qui est le bord de fuite de l'aube et avec son petit côté une autre arête qui constitue le bord d'attaque de l'aube. Le sommet du triangle est arrondi selon une courbure concentrique au pivot de l'aube de façon à déterminer une plage sur laquelle peut prendre appui le bord de fuite de l'aube voisine. Cette plage, appelée zone neutre, permet à l'aube voisine de conserver la même position quelle que soit l'orientation de l'aube sur laquelle elle prend appui.FIG. 3 represents the orientable guide vane 4A in the fully open position while the orientable guide vane 5A is still completely closed. In this figure, all the blades have an aerodynamic profile in the shape of a very flat triangle. The base of this triangle determines with its long side an edge which is the trailing edge of the blade and with its short side another edge which constitutes the leading edge of the blade. The apex of the triangle is rounded according to a curvature concentric with the pivot of the blade so as to determine a range on which the trailing edge of the neighboring blade can bear. This range, called neutral zone, allows the neighboring blade to keep the same position whatever the orientation of the blade on which it rests.

Dans l'exemple de la figure 3, l'aube directrice orientable 5A repose par son bord de fuite sur la zone neutre de l'aube directrice orientable 4A. De ce fait, l'orientation de l'aube directrice orientable 4A peut varier sans pour cela modifier l'orientation de l'aube directrice orientable 5A.In the example of FIG. 3, the orientable guide vane 5A rests by its trailing edge on the neutral zone of the guide vane orientable 4A. Therefore, the orientation of the steerable guide vane 4A can vary without changing the orientation of the steerable guide vane 5A.

Cette configuration permet de ne pas créer des ouvertures parasites, génératrices de remous qui modifient l'écoulement du fluide et réduisent le rendement de la détente de fluide.This configuration makes it possible not to create parasitic openings, generating eddies which modify the flow of the fluid and reduce the efficiency of the fluid expansion.

La figure 3 fait également apparaître une implantation des pivots des aubes directrices orientables sur le corps haute-pression 1 de manière à former des canaux convergents, quel que soit le degré d'ouverture des aubes, pour permettre une détente convenable des fluides véhiculés.FIG. 3 also shows an implantation of the pivots of the orientable guide vanes on the high-pressure body 1 so as to form converging channels, whatever the degree of opening of the vanes, to allow suitable relaxation of the fluids conveyed.

Les aubes directrices orientables représentées à la figure 3 comportent deux ailes qui, comptées à partir de l'axe du pivot de l'aube, sont d'inégales grandeurs. Cette dissymétrie permet par le jeu des pressions appliquées aux différentes faces du triangle d'obtenir un couple résultant agissant toujours dans le même sens et de permettre d'une part à toute la tringlerie de travailler sans secousse et d'autre part au rouleau, situé en bout de bras, de rester appliquer sur le même flanc de la rainure pratiquée dans l'anneau de commande 9. Par exemple la résultante des forces agissant sur les différentes force de l'aube directrice orientable 6A se traduit par un couple agissant dans le sens opposé aux aiguilles d'une montre pour appliquer le rouleau 6R sur le flanc inférieur de la rainure 8.The steerable guide vanes shown in Figure 3 have two wings which, counted from the axis of the pivot of the blade, are of unequal sizes. This asymmetry allows by the play of pressures applied to the different faces of the triangle to obtain a resulting torque always acting in the same direction and to allow on the one hand to the whole linkage to work without shaking and on the other hand to the roller, located at the end of the arm, to remain applied to the same flank of the groove made in the control ring 9. For example, the result of the forces acting on the different forces of the orientable guide vane 6A results in a torque acting in the anticlockwise to apply the roller 6R on the lower side of the groove 8.

Dans l'exemple présenté ci-dessus le détendeur à secteur d'injection variable équipe le corps haute-pression d'une turbine centripède. Il est évident que le même dispositif peut équiper à la fois les corps haute et basse pression de cette turbine.In the example presented above, the regulator with variable injection sector equips the high-pressure body with a centriped turbine. It is obvious that the same device can equip both the high and low pressure bodies of this turbine.

Claims (8)

1. Turbo-détendeur comportant au moins une turbine centripède montée en porte-à-faux sur l'arbre de la machine entraînée, une canalisation amenant le fluide à pression élevée et se terminant en volute, un secteur d'injection orientant le fluide vers les ailettes de la turbine centripète, une canalisation d'évacuation du fluide détendu,
caractérisé en ce que le turbo-détendeur comprend un secteur d'injection (2) constitué en tout ou en partie d'aubes directrices orientables (4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 11A, 12A, 13A) qui par pivotementsprogressifset successifs ouvrent ou ferment le secteur d'injection (2) de manière continue pour adapter le turbo-détendeur à une variation de débit du fluide sans modifier sensiblement la vitesse d'écoulement de celui-ci.1. Turbo-regulator comprising at least one centriped turbine mounted cantilever on the shaft of the driven machine, a pipe bringing the fluid at high pressure and ending in volute, an injection sector directing the fluid towards the fins of the centripetal turbine, a pipe for discharging the expanded fluid,
characterized in that the turboexpander includes an injection area (2) formed in whole or in part of orientable vanes (4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 11A, 12A, 13A) which pivotally s successive open progressifset or close the injection sector (2) continuously to adapt the turboexpander to a variation in the flow rate of the fluid without substantially modifying the flow speed thereof. 2. Turbo-détendeur selon la revendication caractérisé en ce que les aubes directrices qui le constituent ont un profil aérodynamique sous la forme générale d'un triangle très applati dont les angles aigus adjacents à la base sont respectivement le bord d'attaque et le bord de fuite de l'aube et dont l'angle obtu situé au sommet du triangle est arrondi selon une courbure concentrique à l'axe de rotation situé au niveau dé la partie la plus massive de l'aube.2. Turbo-regulator according to claim characterized in that the guide vanes which constitute it have an aerodynamic profile in the general form of a very flat triangle whose acute angles adjacent to the base are respectively the leading edge and the edge vaning angle of the blade and whose obtuse angle situated at the top of the triangle is rounded according to a curvature concentric with the axis of rotation situated at the level of the most massive part of the blade. 3. Turbo-détendeur selon une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que les aubes directrices orientables présentent à partir de l'axe de rotation de l'aube deux ailes d'inégale longueur.3. Turbo-regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the orientable guide vanes have, from the axis of rotation of the vane, two wings of unequal length. 4. Turbo-détendeur selon une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la plus grande aile de l'autre directrice orientable se termine par un bord de fuite et en ce que la plus petite aile de l'aube directrice orientable se termine par un bord d'attaque.4. Turbo-regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the largest wing of the other steerable director ends in a trailing edge and in that the smallest wing of the steerable guide vane ends in an edge of attack. 5. Turbo-détendeur selon une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la disposition géométrique des axes de rotation des aubes. directrices orientable est telle que d'une part le bord de fuite d'une aube directrice orientable (5A) en position de fermeture complète se pose sur la partie arrondie de l'angle au sommet, dite zone neutre, de l'aube voisine (4A) et que d'autre part la base du profil triangulaire d'une aube directrice orientable (4A) associée au petit côté du profil triangulaire de l'aube voisine (3) forment un canal convergent de dis tribution du fluide, quel que soit le degré d'ouverture de l'une ou l' autre des aubes considérées5. Turbo-regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the geometric arrangement of the axes of rotation of the blades. steerable guide is such that on the one hand the trailing edge of a steerable guide vane (5A) in the fully closed position arises on the rounded part of the apex angle, called neutral zone, of the neighboring blade ( 4A) and that on the other hand the base of the triangular profile of a steerable guide vane (4A) associated with the short side of the triangular profile of the neighboring vane (3) form a convergent channel for distributing the fluid, whatever the degree of opening of one or other of the blades considered 6. Turbo-détendeur selon une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que une couronne de commande (9), concentrique au cylindre d'admission (10) et actionnée par l'intermédiaire d'une tringlerie (17) est nantie de rampes de guidage (8, 14, 15, 16) pour collaborer avec des rouleaux (4R; 5R, 6R, 7R, 11R, 12R, 13R) montés chacun au bout d'un bras (4B, 5B, 6B, 6B, 11B, 12B, 13B) rendu solidaire de l'axe de rotation (4P, 5P, 6P, 7P, IIP, 12P, 13P) de chaque aube directrice orientable (4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 11A, 12A, 13A) pour réaliser une ouverture ou une fermeture progressive du secteur d'injection (2)6. Turbo-regulator according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that a control ring (9), concentric with the intake cylinder (10) and actuated by means of a linkage (17) is provided with guide ramps (8, 14, 15, 16) for collaborate with rollers (4R; 5R, 6R, 7R, 11R, 12R, 13R) each mounted at the end of an arm (4B, 5B, 6B, 6B, 11B, 12B, 13B) made integral with the axis of rotation (4P, 5P, 6P, 7P, IIP, 12P, 13P) of each steerable guide vane (4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 11A, 12A, 13A) to achieve a progressive opening or closing of the injection sector (2 ) 7. Turbo-détendeur selon une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que la couronne de commande (9) est constituée de deux plateaux (18 et 19) solidarisés entre eux et portant chacun des rampes de guidage (8, 14, 15, 16) réparties de manière à réaliser une ouverture ou une fermeture progressive du secteur d'injection (2).7. Turbo-regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control ring (9) consists of two plates (18 and 19) secured to each other and each carrying guide rails (8, 14, 15, 16) distributed so as to achieve a progressive opening or closing of the injection sector (2). 8. Turbo-détendeur selon une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce que un servo-moteur alimenté par le fluide véhiculé est relié à la tringlerie (17) de la couronne de commande (9) pour actionner l'ouverture ou la fermeture du secteur d'injection (2).8. Turbo-regulator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a servo-motor supplied by the conveyed fluid is connected to the linkage (17) of the control ring (9) to actuate the opening or closing of the sector d injection (2).
EP81870007A 1981-01-21 1981-01-21 Turbine with variable inlet section Withdrawn EP0056569A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP81870007A EP0056569A1 (en) 1981-01-21 1981-01-21 Turbine with variable inlet section
EP82200035A EP0056669B1 (en) 1981-01-21 1982-01-14 Turbine with variable inlet section
AT82200035T ATE23905T1 (en) 1981-01-21 1982-01-14 TURBINE WITH ADJUSTABLE INLET CROSS-SECTION.
DE8282200035T DE3274480D1 (en) 1981-01-21 1982-01-14 Turbine with variable inlet section

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP81870007A EP0056569A1 (en) 1981-01-21 1981-01-21 Turbine with variable inlet section

Publications (1)

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EP0056569A1 true EP0056569A1 (en) 1982-07-28

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EP81870007A Withdrawn EP0056569A1 (en) 1981-01-21 1981-01-21 Turbine with variable inlet section
EP82200035A Expired EP0056669B1 (en) 1981-01-21 1982-01-14 Turbine with variable inlet section

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EP82200035A Expired EP0056669B1 (en) 1981-01-21 1982-01-14 Turbine with variable inlet section

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EP (2) EP0056569A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE23905T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3274480D1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001011197A1 (en) * 1999-08-05 2001-02-15 Borgwarner, Inc. Turbine guide vane for exhaust gas turbocharger

Families Citing this family (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01227823A (en) * 1988-03-08 1989-09-12 Honda Motor Co Ltd Variable nozzle structure of turbine
DE19741992A1 (en) * 1997-09-24 1999-03-25 Voith Hydro Gmbh & Co Kg Water turbine with running wheel
AT411615B (en) * 2000-10-31 2004-03-25 Blank Otto Ing Exhaust gas turbo charger, for an IC motor, has structured flow paths in the spiral housing with groups of jets aligned at the turbine wheel for a high power at slow running speeds and a rapid response
DE102008004014A1 (en) * 2008-01-11 2009-07-23 Continental Automotive Gmbh Guide vane for a variable turbine geometry
DE102009057987B4 (en) 2009-12-11 2020-08-20 BMTS Technology GmbH & Co. KG Loading device and guide vane for such a loading device

Citations (12)

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FR918317A (en) * 1945-08-10 1947-02-05 Brandt Edgar Ets Exhaust gas turbo blower feeding a high speed internal combustion engine
CH254459A (en) * 1945-03-02 1948-04-30 Berger Hans Exhaust gas turbocharger.
GB704351A (en) * 1951-03-21 1954-02-17 Alan Muntz & Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to turbines operated by gases supplied by free-piston gas-generators
GB731822A (en) * 1952-03-14 1955-06-15 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Improvements relating to turbines or compressors for operation with gaseous fluids
US2985427A (en) * 1955-11-25 1961-05-23 Gen Electric Adjustable blading for fluid flow machines
US3029067A (en) * 1956-05-31 1962-04-10 Garrett Corp Variable area nozzle means for turbines
US3243159A (en) * 1964-04-27 1966-03-29 Ingersoll Rand Co Guide vane mechanism for centrifugal fluid-flow machines
FR2064617A5 (en) * 1969-09-22 1971-07-23 Garrett Corp
FR2162662A1 (en) * 1971-12-11 1973-07-20 Lucas Aerospace Ltd
US3799689A (en) * 1971-05-14 1974-03-26 Hitachi Ltd Operating apparatus for guide vanes of hydraulic machine
US4179247A (en) * 1977-01-14 1979-12-18 Wrr Industries, Inc. Turbocharger having variable area turbine nozzles
EP0009843A1 (en) * 1978-10-05 1980-04-16 ATELIERS DE CONSTRUCTIONS ELECTRIQUES DE CHARLEROI (ACEC) Société Anonyme Expansion turbine/generator unit

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH254459A (en) * 1945-03-02 1948-04-30 Berger Hans Exhaust gas turbocharger.
FR918317A (en) * 1945-08-10 1947-02-05 Brandt Edgar Ets Exhaust gas turbo blower feeding a high speed internal combustion engine
GB704351A (en) * 1951-03-21 1954-02-17 Alan Muntz & Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to turbines operated by gases supplied by free-piston gas-generators
GB731822A (en) * 1952-03-14 1955-06-15 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Improvements relating to turbines or compressors for operation with gaseous fluids
US2985427A (en) * 1955-11-25 1961-05-23 Gen Electric Adjustable blading for fluid flow machines
US3029067A (en) * 1956-05-31 1962-04-10 Garrett Corp Variable area nozzle means for turbines
US3243159A (en) * 1964-04-27 1966-03-29 Ingersoll Rand Co Guide vane mechanism for centrifugal fluid-flow machines
FR2064617A5 (en) * 1969-09-22 1971-07-23 Garrett Corp
US3799689A (en) * 1971-05-14 1974-03-26 Hitachi Ltd Operating apparatus for guide vanes of hydraulic machine
FR2162662A1 (en) * 1971-12-11 1973-07-20 Lucas Aerospace Ltd
US4179247A (en) * 1977-01-14 1979-12-18 Wrr Industries, Inc. Turbocharger having variable area turbine nozzles
EP0009843A1 (en) * 1978-10-05 1980-04-16 ATELIERS DE CONSTRUCTIONS ELECTRIQUES DE CHARLEROI (ACEC) Société Anonyme Expansion turbine/generator unit

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001011197A1 (en) * 1999-08-05 2001-02-15 Borgwarner, Inc. Turbine guide vane for exhaust gas turbocharger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE23905T1 (en) 1986-12-15
EP0056669A1 (en) 1982-07-28
DE3274480D1 (en) 1987-01-15
EP0056669B1 (en) 1986-11-26

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