EP0055053A1 - Assemblage d'interrupteur électrique et méthode de fabrication - Google Patents

Assemblage d'interrupteur électrique et méthode de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0055053A1
EP0055053A1 EP19810305809 EP81305809A EP0055053A1 EP 0055053 A1 EP0055053 A1 EP 0055053A1 EP 19810305809 EP19810305809 EP 19810305809 EP 81305809 A EP81305809 A EP 81305809A EP 0055053 A1 EP0055053 A1 EP 0055053A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fingers
electrically conductive
switch
another
switch assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19810305809
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0055053B1 (fr
Inventor
Joseph A. Roberts
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Miraco Inc
Original Assignee
Miraco Inc
Advanced Circuit Technology Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US06/290,220 external-priority patent/US4446342A/en
Priority claimed from US06/318,202 external-priority patent/US4402131A/en
Application filed by Miraco Inc, Advanced Circuit Technology Inc filed Critical Miraco Inc
Priority to AT81305809T priority Critical patent/ATE23002T1/de
Publication of EP0055053A1 publication Critical patent/EP0055053A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0055053B1 publication Critical patent/EP0055053B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
    • H01H1/40—Contact mounted so that its contact-making surface is flush with adjoining insulation
    • H01H1/403—Contacts forming part of a printed circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/7013—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard in which the movable contacts of each switch site or of a row of switch sites are formed in a single plate

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to electrical switch assemblies, and more particularly to improved switch assemblies comprising a plurality of switches in a predefined arrangement, and to methods for manufacturing such switch assemblies.
  • the invention has particular utility in connection with keyswitches in a keyboard assembly and will be described in connection with such utility.
  • keyboard switches comprise a circuit board having a plurality of discontinuous, conductive pathways, separate from one another, on one or both surfaces thereof, and a plurality of switching means for selectively, electrically connecting the pathways, carried on one surface of the board.
  • the switching means comprise individual contact elements supported in a plane remote from that of the circuit board, and spaced from the conductive pathways. Resilient spring means are provided for maintaining the contact elements in the remote plane so that the individual switches are normally open.
  • Patent 4018999 disclose a keyboard switch assembly comprising a plurality of switches in a predefined arrangement formed on one face of an insulative circuit board, and having a protective insulative coating located over the entire circuit board to retain the switches on the board, and also to seal the switches.
  • each switch has an annular outer contact and a concentric inner contact, and includes a resiliently deformable, dome-shaped activating element.
  • the activating element has an annular marginal edge which is shaped to coincide with the outer contact and is positioned on top of the outer contact to protrude therefrom.
  • a downward force is applied to the upwardly protruding portion of the actuating element so that the element is deformed downwardly and touches the inner contact, thereby completing an electrical circuit between the inner and outer contacts.
  • Webb et al disclose a snap action capacitive electric signal device which may be used as a switch.
  • the basic structure comprises a metallic target which forms one "plate" of the capacitor.
  • a dome spring which forms the other plate of the capacitor.
  • a depressible button or key Located adjacent the dome spring and axially aligned therewith is a depressible button or key. The dome spring and associated depressible button are maintained in place in registration in suitably located circular apertures formed in a central insulating support board or guide plate.
  • keyboard switches are disclosed in Wiener U.S. Patent No. 3383487, Sudduth U.S. Patent No. 3,699,294, Seeger, Jr. et al U.S. Patent No. 3,789,167, Lynn et al U.S. Patent No. 3,860,771, Flint et al U.S. Patent No. 4,083,100, Pounds U.S. Patent No. 4,042,439, Dunlap U.S. Patent No. 4,085,306, Pounds et al U.S. Patent 4,195,210, Satoh U.S. Patent 4,218,603, Kissner, U.S. Patent 4,218,600 and Johnson U.S. Patent 4,254,309.
  • the actuating members when the template is removed, the actuating members are in an exposed position with respect to the circuit and although restrained with respect to the circuit board, could be damaged or accidentally moved out of position during assembly.
  • the insulation sheet necessarily is placed on top of the circuit board and actuating members prior to being secured thereto, and, in being moved about, could accidentally displace one or more actuating members.
  • the insulation sheet is supported only on the tops of the actuating members and is not held flat immediately prior to being secured to the board. Thus, creases or similar imperfections in the insulation sheet material near the perimeter of an actuating member might not be secured to the board and thereby would permit some movement of the actuating member.
  • the present invention provides an electrical switch assembly which essentially comprises a dielectric carrier panel carrying an array of resilient flexible electrically conductive conductors defining one or more circuit pathways, and including switch contacts which are integral extensions of the circuit pathways.
  • the dielectric carrier panel has a plurality of apertures or cavities at predetermined locations in the carrier panel, and the switch contacts are positioned to lie at least in part over or within the apertures or cavities.
  • the switch contacts comprise a pair of generally "L-shaped" or "golf-club shaped” fingers. The L-shaped fingers extend from opposite edge surfaces of the carrier panel defining an associated aperture or cavity, to pass one another over or within their respective aperture or cavity, with the free ends of the fingers terminating adjacent one another.
  • the free ends of the L-shaped fingers are positioned in spaced relationship to one another so that the circuit pathways they connect are normally open, but are sufficiently close to one another so that slight deflection of the fingers from their normal position relative to the surface of the carrier panel moves the free ends in contact with each other to thereby close the switch.
  • the free ends of the L-shaped fingers may be positioned in contact with one another so that slight deflection of the fingers from their normal position breaks their contact.
  • the switch assembly also includes a protective overlay covering the conductors and switch contacts at least in part, formed of flexible dielectric sheet material and including molded actuation elements which overlie the switch contacts.
  • the array of electrically conductive conductors and integral switch contacts may be formed by photo-imaging and either chemical milling (etching) or additive technique such as plating up or solder doming, and/or mechanical milling and/or precision die stamping techniques as will be described in detail hereinafter.
  • the keyboard indicated generally at 18 comprises a flexible laminated circuit assembly 20 including a flexible dielectric film or base sheet 62 of conventional flexible printed circuit insulating material, e.g. 0.001 to 0.005 inch thick or more Mylar (available from E.I. DuPont de Nemours) and having a plurality of electrically conductive circuit. pathways 24a,b, each formed of electrically conductive, flexible metal such as 0.0005 to 0.0010 inch thick or more supported copper adhesively fixed to surface 26 of base sheet 62.
  • a flexible laminated circuit assembly 20 including a flexible dielectric film or base sheet 62 of conventional flexible printed circuit insulating material, e.g. 0.001 to 0.005 inch thick or more Mylar (available from E.I. DuPont de Nemours) and having a plurality of electrically conductive circuit. pathways 24a,b, each formed of electrically conductive, flexible metal such as 0.0005 to 0.0010 inch thick or more supported copper adhesively fixed to surface 26 of base sheet 62.
  • the flexible circuit assembly 20 is formed by photoimaging and chemical milling (etching) techniques as will be described in detail hereinafter.
  • circuit assembly 20 may comprise a flexible conductive material such as a screened silver filled epoxy supported on a flexible dielectric polymeric substrate, or the circuit assembly 20 may comprise a plurality of flexible insulating sheets and including one or more internally carried layers of conductive pathways.
  • the conductive pathways have dimensions and shapes corresponding to desired design criteria, e.g. current carrying capacity and circuit and switch geometry.
  • Base member 30 comprises a generally planar rigid body formed of electrically insulating material such as a glass filled thermoplastic polyester polymer, and has a plurality of cavities or blind holes 32 in predetermined locations corresponding to the desired location for the switch contacts 34 as will be described in detail hereinafter.
  • base - member 30 may comprise a rigid board formed of electrically insulating material such as 0.062 inch thick phenolic resin board and having apertures or blind holes in the aforesaid predetermined locations.
  • Circuit pathways 24 a, b... terminate at one end at bus members or contact fingers 36 a, 36 b... respectively and at their respective other ends at switch contacts 34.
  • the latter are in normally open position.
  • Each switch contact 34 comprises a first "left" contact member 40 which is an integral extension of pathway 24b, and a second "right” contact member 42 which is an integral extension of pathway 24a.
  • bus members or contact fingers 36a and 36b provide an electrical connection to circuits (not shown) external of circuit assembly 20.
  • Contact members 40 and 42 each constitute a generally L-shaped or golf club-like shaped member, the supporting beams or legs 48 and 50 of which are fixedly positioned at the edges of holes 32 to the top side surface 52 of base member 30. Supporting legs 48 and 50 extend across holes 32 for a distance beyond each other within of their associated hole 32. As seen in Fig. 2 of the drawings supporting legs 48 and 50 are approximately of identical length. Alternatively, one leg may be longer than the other, if desired.
  • the free ends 54 and 56 of members 40 and 42, respectively, are formed (deflected) at an angle to the plane of top side surface 52 and supporting legs 48 and 50, respectively, i.e., so as to extend downwardly at an angle from the plane of surface 52.
  • free ends 54 and 56 may be formed (deflected) upwardly at an angle, to the plane of surface 52, i.e., as shown in Figs. 16a and 16b or Figs. 17a and 17b. As seen in Fig. 2, free ends 54 and 56 terminate a short distance from each other over or within their associated hole 32.
  • overlay covering 100 of flexible insulative sheet material which is fixedly positioned over the upper surface of circuit assembly 20.
  • overlay covering 100 includes actuator elements 102 which are located to overlie the switch contact members' free ends 54 and 56 (see Figs. 3 and 4.
  • dielectric film 22 has been omitted from Figs. 4a and 4b).
  • the switch assembly may comprise actuator elements which are located to directly overlie the switch contact members' free ends 54 and 56, i.e., without any intervening overlay covering.
  • Figs. 5 to 13 illustrate a preferred method of forming an electrical switch assembly in accordance with the present invention, employing photoimaging and chemical milling techniques for forming the circuit and switch patterns.
  • the circuit and/or switch patterns may be formed employing additive techniques, e.g. plating up, mechanical stamping techniques, screening on of conductive inks such as metal filled epoxy, or using formed, i.e. shaped wires or conductors.
  • a resiliently flexible laminated sheet material 60 comprising a thin metal film or foil 64 such as 0.0005 inch thick copper adhered to an adhesive coated polymeric film substrate such as 0.005 inch thick Mylar 62 (Trademark of E.I. DuPont de Nemours for polyester film) is provided as shown in Fig. 6a.
  • the top, i.e. metal film surface 64 of laminated sheet 60 is then cleaned employing conventional cleaning techniques, and the cleansed surface is then coated at a coating station 68 (Fig. 5) with conventional resist layer 70 as shown in Fig. 6b.
  • a positive resist is preferred so that multiple imaging and developing stages may be employed as will become clear from the description following.
  • Various positive resists are known in the art and are available commercially.
  • Resist layer 70 then is exposed to light, at an imaging station 72 to a positive art work image of the circuit pathways and contacts 40 and 42. Those areas 70a (Fig. 6c) of the resist exposed to light are altered and removed from the sheet in a later developing operation.
  • the laminate is then immersed in a preferential solvent for the resist (e.g., sodium hydroxide solution), and developed at a treating station 73, with the result that the exposed portions of resist layer 70a are dissolved leaving resist layer 70b in a positive image of the circuit pathways and switch contacts overall plan, i.e. as shown in Fig. 7.
  • a preferential solvent for the resist e.g., sodium hydroxide solution
  • the next step in the process involves chemically milling the exposed metallic areas of metal foil 64 by contacting the laminated sheet with an acid etching solution at an etching station 74. Etching removes metal from all the uncovered areas of the metal film, leaving the areas of metal film covered by the resist intact (see Fig. 8).
  • the next step in the process involves selectively re-exposing and developing the resist so as to expose selected areas 75 of the resist layer 70, which areas subsequently become the switch contact free ends 54 and 56 (see Fig 2) to light, at imaging station 72.
  • Those areas of the resist layer 70 exposed to light are altered as before, and removed from the sheet by immersing the sheet in a preferential solvent and developing at treating station 73, with the result that the exposed portions of resist layer 70 are dissolved to expose metallic areas 75 of foil 64, and leaving resist layer 70 intact as a protective coating on the circuit pathways and contact supporting legs 48 and 50 (see Fig. 9).
  • the next step involves plating the exposed metallic areas 75 of foil 64 by a conventional plating technique, e.g., electrodeposition, in known manner, with a non-corrosive metal 76 at a plating station 79.
  • a conventional plating technique e.g., electrodeposition
  • Mylar film 62 effectively masks the entire bottom surface of circuit pathways and contacts 40 and 42 while resist areas 70 effectively mask the entire top surface of the metal foil (other than exposed areas 75), so that electrodeposition of metal is selectively restricted to those areas of the switch contacts which ultimately will become the actual contact areas of the switches.
  • the switch contacts thus is an especially simple procedure, and one which may result in relatively low metal consumption in the plating operation.
  • the resulting structure is shown in Fig. 10.
  • the next steps in the process involve cutting and shaping (forming) the actual switch contacts.
  • Cutting and shaping may be accomplished either in a single precision die cutting and shaping step in cutting and forming station 92, or in separate cutting and shaping steps.
  • the cutting and shaping steps are described as two separate steps.
  • the Mylar substrate 62 plated areas 76 and legs 48 and 50 are cut free at 77 in known manner, by means of a steel rule die, to outline plated areas 76 and legs 48 and 50.
  • the resulting structure is as shown in Fig. 11.
  • plated areas 76 of the contact members are shaped or formed (deflected) permanently upwardly from the plane of surface 62 as shown by heat forming and cooling the cut free plated areas 16 under pressure using a heated steel ruled die. and mating anvil (see Figs. 12 and 13) or by vacuum forming techniques as are known per se in the art. (For convenience of illustration Fig.
  • plated areas 76 are shaped or deflected so as to extend at an angle, preferably in the range of 45° to 115°, as measured from the plane of surface 62, and the deflection is permanently set in the Mylar film by heat forming or other known means, whereby to form shaped free ends 54 and 56 (see Figs. 2 and 3).
  • plated areas 76 may be located over a suitably dimensioned template 91 (metallic area to template), covered with a silicon rubber pad 93, and pressure and heat (150° F) applied to the silicon pad for sufficient time to permanently set the captured Mylar layer 62.
  • Deflection is controlled so that the closest edges of free ends 54 and 56 are located a short distance from one another, for example, to provide a 0.010 to 0.025 inch spacing between the free ends 54 and 56.
  • the spacing between free ends 54 and 56 is a matter of design choice and may be adjusted for a particular application.
  • Figs. 12 and 13 is secured at a mounting station 90 to rigid apertured panel or molded base member 30 with the severed free ends 54 and 56 centered over the geometric centers of the panel cavities or holes 32.
  • cavities or holes 32 are in a predefined pattern in accordance with the particular switch pattern.
  • Overlay covering 100 preferably includes actuator elements 102 in the form of curved, disc-shaped resiliently flexible members such as molded key caps or domes or the like which are located to overlie the switch contacts. Actuator elements 102 preferably but not necessarily are formed integrally with overlay covering 100.
  • Overlay covering 100 may be adhesively fixed to the switch assembly along the edges thereof so as to provide a sealed unit. Alternatively, ovetlay covering 100, base member 30 and circuit board assembly 20 may be mechanically joined as a unit, as by heat swaging suitably located locking posts 109.
  • Locking posts 109 which may be molded integrally with base member 30, are located to mate with and extend through suitable located apertures 108 in circuit board assembly 20 and overlay covering 100, respectively. (See Figs. 3a and 3b in which a locking post 109 is illustrated prior to and following swaging).
  • a locking post 109 is illustrated prior to and following swaging.
  • the switches and supporting electrical circuits may be formed by simple photo-imaging and etching techniques, and a simple mechanical die cutting and forming operation.
  • the switch assembly may have virtually unlimited geometric design.
  • the switch assembly has few parts, and assembly alignment problems normally associated with prior art switches essentially are eliminated.
  • switch throw and switch spring constant are dependent on readily modified variables including aperture size, actuator geometry and selection of materials employed.
  • the invention provides particular manufacturing advantages of simple assembly techniques, and high field use reliability since the switch contact areas can be plated with precious metal (e.g. gold) at minimum materials cost.
  • the natural motion of the switch provides a wiping action of the switch contact surfaces whereby to remove any oxidation which may. form on the switch, and thus increase switch reliability.
  • the desired circuit and switch pattern may be produced by stamping or cutting the circuit and switch pattern directly from a spring metal sheet such as 0.005 inch thick phosphor bronze.
  • the switch contacts may then be shaped in a precision die stamping station 200, with the spring metal itself taking permanent set.
  • the circuit cutting and shaping operation may be combined in a single step.
  • the resulting structure may then be assembled, at a mounting station 204, to suitably provided molded base member 30 and cover member 100 as before.
  • the resulting structure is as shown in Figs. 15a and 15b which illustrate the resulting switch contact in open and closed positions, respectively.
  • keyboard or other switch assemblies having regularly positioned switches can be manufactured quite inexpensively by a simple stamping operation.
  • strip-plated laminate as the starting metallic sheet material and employing suitable circuit/switch design low cost switches with plated contacts may be produced.
  • Strip plated laminate is available commercially in various weights and dimensions.
  • switch contact free ends 54 and 56 may be formed upwardly (relative to surface 52), i.e., toward actuator element 102.
  • the switch contact free ends 54 and 56 extend upwardly from the face of base member 30 in normally closed position. Actuation of such switches will result in switch opening as shown in Fig. 17b.
  • the switch contacts are formed upwardly from molded base 30 into a molded bubble formed in a dielectric cover member 100.
  • dielectric cover member 100 constitutes the "carrier panel” while the molded bubble constitutes the "cavity" for accomodating the switch contacts in accordance with the present invention.
  • a particular advantage of the switch modification of Figs. 17a and 17b is that the switch may be made especially thin in cross-section.
  • base member 30 need not be generally planar as shown, but may be made rounded, at least in part.
  • the switch contacts comprise L-shaped (formed) spring wires 213 which are plated at the free ends thereof, i.e. at 210.
  • the heat forming operation may be eliminated.
  • Figs. 19a and 19b the switch contacts and associated circuitry are sandwiched between a pair of flexible dielectric polymer bubbled sheets 210 and 212. Operation of the switch is as above described. Still other changes will be obvious to one skilled in the art. Thus, switches other than keyboard switches, for example, rotary type switches or dual-in-line package type switches (so-called DIP switches) advantageously may be produced using the teachings of the present invention. It is therefore intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted in an illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

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  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
EP19810305809 1980-12-15 1981-12-09 Assemblage d'interrupteur électrique et méthode de fabrication Expired EP0055053B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81305809T ATE23002T1 (de) 1980-12-15 1981-12-09 Zusammenbau eines elektrischen schalters und herstellungsverfahren.

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US21616280A 1980-12-15 1980-12-15
US216162 1980-12-15
US06/290,220 US4446342A (en) 1980-12-15 1981-08-05 Electrical switch assembly and method of manufacture
US06/318,202 US4402131A (en) 1981-08-05 1981-11-04 Electrical switch assembly and method of manufacture
US318202 1981-11-04
US290220 1994-08-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0055053A1 true EP0055053A1 (fr) 1982-06-30
EP0055053B1 EP0055053B1 (fr) 1986-10-15

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19810305809 Expired EP0055053B1 (fr) 1980-12-15 1981-12-09 Assemblage d'interrupteur électrique et méthode de fabrication

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP0055053B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1163725A (fr)
DE (1) DE3175487D1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2089573B (fr)
IE (1) IE52804B1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997015060A1 (fr) * 1995-10-18 1997-04-24 Itt Automotive Europe Gmbh Commutateur avec film conducteur comme contact fixe et raccordement aux contacts de connexion
GB2435448A (en) * 2006-02-20 2007-08-29 Devlin Electronics Ltd A healthcare keyboard for easy cleaning

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0117732A3 (fr) * 1983-03-01 1986-09-24 Plessey Overseas Limited Boutons poussoirs
US4523063A (en) * 1983-12-05 1985-06-11 Gte Valeron Corporation Touch probe having nonconductive contact carriers

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL250292A (fr) * 1900-01-01
GB957801A (en) * 1960-05-02 1964-05-13 Ralph William Furness Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of decorative or electrical conducting patterns
US3294927A (en) * 1965-02-01 1966-12-27 George A Hill Resilient flap element for switch apparatus
US3987259A (en) * 1975-06-12 1976-10-19 Globe-Union Inc. Membrane switch apparatus having sequential bridging contact arrangement
US4180711A (en) * 1976-09-14 1979-12-25 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Desk-top calculator keyboard switch

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL250292A (fr) * 1900-01-01
GB957801A (en) * 1960-05-02 1964-05-13 Ralph William Furness Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of decorative or electrical conducting patterns
US3294927A (en) * 1965-02-01 1966-12-27 George A Hill Resilient flap element for switch apparatus
US3987259A (en) * 1975-06-12 1976-10-19 Globe-Union Inc. Membrane switch apparatus having sequential bridging contact arrangement
US4180711A (en) * 1976-09-14 1979-12-25 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Desk-top calculator keyboard switch

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 13, No. 7, December 1970 New York (US) D.S. GEIL: "Elastic Diaphragm Switch" page 1943 * page 1943 * *
IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, Vol. 19, No. 10, March 1977 New York (US) R.H. HARRIS: "Fold Switch" page 3815 * page 3815 * *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997015060A1 (fr) * 1995-10-18 1997-04-24 Itt Automotive Europe Gmbh Commutateur avec film conducteur comme contact fixe et raccordement aux contacts de connexion
US5967300A (en) * 1995-10-18 1999-10-19 Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. Switch with flexible conductor foil
GB2435448A (en) * 2006-02-20 2007-08-29 Devlin Electronics Ltd A healthcare keyboard for easy cleaning
GB2435448B (en) * 2006-02-20 2009-12-02 Devlin Electronics Ltd A Healthcare keyboard

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IE52804B1 (en) 1988-03-16
EP0055053B1 (fr) 1986-10-15
CA1163725A (fr) 1984-03-13
IE812837L (en) 1982-06-15
GB2089573B (en) 1985-04-17
DE3175487D1 (en) 1986-11-20
GB2089573A (en) 1982-06-23

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