EP0052308A1 - Method of making high-strength steel forgings - Google Patents

Method of making high-strength steel forgings Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0052308A1
EP0052308A1 EP81109505A EP81109505A EP0052308A1 EP 0052308 A1 EP0052308 A1 EP 0052308A1 EP 81109505 A EP81109505 A EP 81109505A EP 81109505 A EP81109505 A EP 81109505A EP 0052308 A1 EP0052308 A1 EP 0052308A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steel
forged
forging
strength steel
content
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP81109505A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jens Schmidt
Erwin Schreiter
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ThyssenKrupp Technologies AG
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Thyssen Industrie AG
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Publication of EP0052308A1 publication Critical patent/EP0052308A1/en
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/02Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/28Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts

Definitions

  • Forged components made of steel that are exposed to high mechanical stresses, such as B. axles for motor vehicles are usually made of tempered steels such as. B. CK 45, 42 CrMo 4 or 41 Cr 4, forged and then subjected to a tempering process in order to achieve the desired strength properties.
  • the invention has for its object the manufacture of heavy-duty forgings made of steel, especially axle beams for motor vehicles, while maintaining their required strength properties and simplifying the overall effort.
  • the forged part is forged from a steel with a carbon content between 0.05 and 0.25% and a manganese content between 1.0 and 2.0% and is further machined after hardening without subsequent tempering.
  • the carbon and manganese content required to achieve the desired component properties depends to a certain extent on the cross section of the forged part.
  • the desired component properties can be adapted to the respective requirements by appropriate selection of the carbon and manganese contents, higher carbon contents resulting in a higher hardness and higher manganese contents resulting in a higher core strength of the forged component.
  • the method according to the invention also makes it possible to cast continuously as a steel, preferably a rolled continuous cast, i. H. So use a particularly economical steel.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous for the production of more compact components, such as, for. B. axles of motor vehicles, because with such components, the usual material and energy requirements are high and the difficulties in handling are comparatively large. Such components are often drop-forged. In this case, the forgings must be manufactured using the one-piece process.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

According to this method, steel forgings are quenched directly, after forging, with no further heating after deformation, as a result of which the hitherto required tempering is dispensed with. For this method a steel is to be used, the carbon content of which is between 0.05 to 0.25 % and the manganese content of which is between 1.0 and 2.0 %. After quenching, the forged steel components, having various shapes and cross-sectional diameters, exhibit the required final structural state and the mechanical values.

Description

Geschmiedete Bauteile aus Stahl, die hohen mechanischen Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt sind, wie z. B. Achskörper für Kraftfahrzeuge, werden üblicherweise aus Vergütungsstählen, wie z. B. CK 45, 42 CrMo 4 oder 41 Cr 4, geschmiedet und anschliefend einem Vergütungsverfahren unterworfen, um die gewünschten Festigkeitseigenschaften zu erzielen.Forged components made of steel that are exposed to high mechanical stresses, such as B. axles for motor vehicles are usually made of tempered steels such as. B. CK 45, 42 CrMo 4 or 41 Cr 4, forged and then subjected to a tempering process in order to achieve the desired strength properties.

Es ist bereits bekannt (Zeitschrift "Stahl und Eisen" 69. Jahrgang, (1949) Nr. 9, 28. April, Seite 296/297), aus Vergütungsstählen geschmiedete Bauteile aus der Schmiedehitze heraus, d. h. ohne sie längere Zeit auf Schmiedetemperatur zu halten, durch Abschrecken in einer wässrigen Lösung zu härten. Das Härten aus der Schmiedehitze heraus bedeutet zwar bereits eine wesentliche Rationalisierung der Herstellung solcher Bauteile, jedoch müssen diese beim bekannten Verfahren nach dem Härten noch etwa 1 1/2 Stunden lang bei einer Temperatur von etwa 6600 C angelassen werden.It is already known (magazine "Stahl und Eisen" 69th year, (1949) No. 9, April 28, page 296/297) that components forged from tempering steels can be extracted from the forging heat, ie without keeping them at the forging temperature for a long time to harden by quenching in an aqueous solution. Curing from the forging heat out though already means a considerable rationalization of the production of such components, however, this must be tempered for about 1 1/2 hours at a temperature of about 660 0 C in the known process after curing.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Herstellung hochbeanspruchbarer Schmiedeteile aus Stahl, insbesondere Achskörpern für Kraftfahrzeuge, unter Aufrechterhaltung ihrer benötigten Festigkeitseigenschaften zu vereinfachen und den Gesamtaufwand zu verringern.The invention has for its object the manufacture of heavy-duty forgings made of steel, especially axle beams for motor vehicles, while maintaining their required strength properties and simplifying the overall effort.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das Schmiedeteil aus einem Stahl mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt zwischen 0,05 und 0,25 % und einem Mangangehalt zwischen 1,0 und 2,0 % geschmiedet und nach dem Härten ohne anschließendes Anlassen spangebend weiterbearbeitet wird.This object is achieved in that the forged part is forged from a steel with a carbon content between 0.05 and 0.25% and a manganese content between 1.0 and 2.0% and is further machined after hardening without subsequent tempering.

Als Stahl wird also im Prinzip ein Baustahl eingesetzt, dessen Kohlenstoff- und Mangangehalt jedoch innerhalb ganz bestimmter Bereiche liegt. Durch die Wahl dieser speziellen Rezeptur für den eingesetzten Stahl wird nicht nur infolge des Fortfalls von Vergütungsstählen der materialmäßige Aufwand verringert, sondern gleichzeitig werden entscheidende verfahrensmäßige Vereinfachungen erzielt, weil auf das sonst erforderliche Anlassen verzichtet werden kann, ohne daß die dabei erzielten Bauteileigenschaften schlechter wären, als die solcher Bauteile, die unter Einsatz von Vergütungsstählen konventionell gefertigt worden sind.In principle, a structural steel is used as steel, but the carbon and manganese content is within very specific ranges. By choosing this special recipe for the steel used, the material expenditure is not only reduced due to the omission of tempered steels, but at the same time decisive procedural simplifications are achieved because the otherwise necessary tempering can be dispensed with, without the component properties achieved thereby being worse, than those components that have been conventionally manufactured using tempered steels.

Der Entfall des Anlassens bewirkt wegen des Fortfalls der sonst dazu notwendigen Erwärmungsmaßnahmen eine spürbare Energieeinsparung sowie eine Verringerung der Fertigungszeit insgesamt. Darüber hinaus ergibt sich eine wesentliche Vereinfachung des sogenannten Handlings, d. h. der Handhabung des geschmiedeten Bauteils, weil dieses u. a. nach dem Abschrecken in einer wässrigen Lösung, z. B. in einem mit Salz versetzten Wasserbad, oder Öl nicht erst zum Anlassen in einen Ofen, sondern gleich zum Richten weiterbefördert werden kann. Der Aufwand für das Richten selbst wird durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ebenfalls verringert.The elimination of starting causes a noticeable energy saving and a reduction in the overall production time due to the elimination of the heating measures that would otherwise be necessary. In addition, there is a significant simplification of the so-called handling, i. H. the handling of the forged component, because this u. a. after quenching in an aqueous solution, e.g. B. in a salted water bath, or oil not only for tempering in an oven, but can be conveyed straight to straightening. The effort for straightening itself is also reduced by the method according to the invention.

Der zur Erzielung der gewünschten Bauteileigenschaften notwendige Kohlenstoff- und Mangangehalt ist im gewissen Umfang abhängig vom Querschnitt des geschmiedeten Teiles. Für Achskörper von Kraftfahrzeugen ist es von Vorteil, einen Kohlenstoffgehalt zwischen 0,15 und 0,25 % und einen Hangangehalt zwischen 1,2 und 1,7 % zu wählen.The carbon and manganese content required to achieve the desired component properties depends to a certain extent on the cross section of the forged part. For motor vehicle axles, it is advantageous to choose a carbon content between 0.15 and 0.25% and a slope content between 1.2 and 1.7%.

Die gewünschten Bauteileigenschaften können durch entsprechende Wahl der Kohlenstoff- und Mangangehalte den jeweiligen Bedürfnissen angepaßt werden, wobei höhere Kohlenstoffgehalte eine höhere Randhärte und höhere Mangangehalte eine höhere Kernfestigkeit des geschmiedeten Bauteiles bewirken.The desired component properties can be adapted to the respective requirements by appropriate selection of the carbon and manganese contents, higher carbon contents resulting in a higher hardness and higher manganese contents resulting in a higher core strength of the forged component.

Das erfindungsgemäBe Verfahren ermöglicht es auch, als Stahl Strangguß, vorzugsweise einen gewalzten Strangguß, d. h. also einen besonders wirtschaftlichen Stahl einzusetzen.The method according to the invention also makes it possible to cast continuously as a steel, preferably a rolled continuous cast, i. H. So use a particularly economical steel.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist mit besonderem Vorteil zur Herstellung geöBerer Bauteile, wie z. B. Achskörpern von Kraftfahrzeugen, einzusetzen, weil bei derartigen Bauteilen der sonst übliche Material- und Energiebedarf hoch und die Schwierigkeiten beim Handling vergleichsweise groß sind. Solche Bauteile werden vielfach im Gesenk geschmiedet. In diesem Falle müssen die Schmiedeteile im Einstück-Verfahren hergestellt werden.The method according to the invention is particularly advantageous for the production of more compact components, such as, for. B. axles of motor vehicles, because with such components, the usual material and energy requirements are high and the difficulties in handling are comparatively large. Such components are often drop-forged. In this case, the forgings must be manufactured using the one-piece process.

Durch die Einhaltung der vorgeschlagenen Bereiche für den Kohlenstoff- und Mangangehalt, d. h. durch die Rezeptur des Stahles, werden - obgleich bei der Fertigung auf das sonst übliche Vergüten, d. h. auf das Anlassen nach dem Härten aus der Schmiedehitze heraus verzichtet wird - gleichwertige Bauteileigenschaften erzielt wie bei konventionell gefertigten Teilen aus Vergütungsstählen.By adhering to the proposed ranges for carbon and manganese, i.e. H. through the recipe of the steel - although during the manufacturing process the usual remuneration, d. H. tempering after hardening from the forging heat is dispensed with - equivalent component properties are achieved as with conventionally manufactured parts made from tempered steels.

Es versteht sich, daß unter dem Ausdruck Schmieden etc. nicht nur das klassische Schmieden, bei dem das auf die benötigte Temperatur erwärmte Werkstück schlagend bearbeitet wird, zu verstehen ist, sondern auch sämtliche moderneren Warmformgebungsverfahren, bei denen die Verformung des Werkstückes nicht schlagend erfolgt.It goes without saying that the expression forging etc. should not only be understood to mean classic forging, in which the workpiece heated to the required temperature is machined, but also all modern hot-forming processes in which the workpiece is not deformed.

Claims (4)

1. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines hochbeanspruchbaren Schmiedeteils aus Stahl, insbesondere eines Achskörpers für Kraftfahrzeuge, welches nach dem Schmieden aus der Schmiedehitze heraus in einem flüssigen Abschrec;:medium gehärtet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schmiedeteil aus einem Stahl mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt zwischen 0,05 und 0,25 % und einem Mangangehalt zwischen 1,0 und 2,0 % geschmiedet und nach dem Härten ohne anschließendes Anlassen spangebend weiterbearbeitet wird.1. A method for producing a heavy-duty forged part made of steel, in particular an axle beam for motor vehicles, which is hardened after forging out of the forging heat in a liquid quench; medium, characterized in that the forged part is made of steel with a carbon content between 0, 05 and 0.25% and a manganese content between 1.0 and 2.0% forged and then machined after hardening without subsequent tempering. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Stahl mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt vorzugsweise zwischen 0,15 und 0,25 % und einem Mangangehalt vorzugsweise zwischen 1,2 und 1,7 % verwendet wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a steel with a carbon content preferably between 0.15 and 0.25% and a manganese content is preferably used between 1.2 and 1.7%. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Stahl Strangguß, vorzugsweise gewalzter Strangguß verwendet wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that continuous casting, preferably rolled continuous casting, is used as the steel. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Schmiedeteil im Einstück-Verfahren im Gesenk geschmiedet wird.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the forged part is drop-forged in the one-piece process.
EP81109505A 1980-11-18 1981-11-04 Method of making high-strength steel forgings Withdrawn EP0052308A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803043439 DE3043439A1 (en) 1980-11-18 1980-11-18 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A HIGHLY STRENGTH FORGED STEEL FORGED PART
DE3043439 1980-11-18

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0191873A1 (en) * 1985-02-16 1986-08-27 Ovako Steel Oy Ab Method and steel alloy for producing high-strength hot forgings
US4820357A (en) * 1988-03-10 1989-04-11 Dana Corporation Low grade material axle shaft
CN1052046C (en) * 1994-05-20 2000-05-03 美国3M公司 Multi-layer nonwoven thermal insulating batts
WO2009067773A1 (en) * 2007-11-30 2009-06-04 V & M Do Brasil S/A An axle from a seamless tube for railroad vehicles, and a process for manufacturing an axle from a seamless steel tube for railroad vehicles
FR2926739A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2009-07-31 Vallourec & Mannesmann Tubes S Anti-weld tube shaped axle for a road vehicle, comprises steel alloy comprising carbon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorous, aluminum, silicon, molybdenum, niobium and/or vanadium, where the axle has minimum elastic limit of specified range

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE753198C (en) * 1941-07-30 1953-03-30 Oberhuetten Vereinigte Obersch Process for the production of steels of high quality
GB766115A (en) * 1954-04-13 1957-01-16 Eaton Axles Ltd Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of axle shafts
DE2452486A1 (en) * 1973-11-06 1975-05-07 Norrbottens Jaernverk Ab PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A WORKPIECE FROM HARDENED STEEL
DE2612918A1 (en) * 1975-04-02 1976-10-21 Florin Stahl Walzwerk Rolled steel prodn. with softened edge - and strong core by two-step cooling heat-treatable steel

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE753198C (en) * 1941-07-30 1953-03-30 Oberhuetten Vereinigte Obersch Process for the production of steels of high quality
GB766115A (en) * 1954-04-13 1957-01-16 Eaton Axles Ltd Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of axle shafts
DE2452486A1 (en) * 1973-11-06 1975-05-07 Norrbottens Jaernverk Ab PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A WORKPIECE FROM HARDENED STEEL
DE2612918A1 (en) * 1975-04-02 1976-10-21 Florin Stahl Walzwerk Rolled steel prodn. with softened edge - and strong core by two-step cooling heat-treatable steel

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
STAHL UND EISEN, Jahrgang 62, Nr. 51, Dezember 1942, O. KUKLA et al.: "Neue W{rmebehandlungsverfahren zur Verbesserung der heutigen St{hle" Seiten 1067-1073 *
STAHL UND EISEN, Jahrgang 69, Nr. 9, 28.April, 1949, F. BOLLENRATH et al.: "Auswirkung der H{rtung aus der Walzihitze bei Verg}tungsst{hlen" Seiten 296-297 *

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0191873A1 (en) * 1985-02-16 1986-08-27 Ovako Steel Oy Ab Method and steel alloy for producing high-strength hot forgings
US4820357A (en) * 1988-03-10 1989-04-11 Dana Corporation Low grade material axle shaft
CN1052046C (en) * 1994-05-20 2000-05-03 美国3M公司 Multi-layer nonwoven thermal insulating batts
WO2009067773A1 (en) * 2007-11-30 2009-06-04 V & M Do Brasil S/A An axle from a seamless tube for railroad vehicles, and a process for manufacturing an axle from a seamless steel tube for railroad vehicles
CN101932737A (en) * 2007-11-30 2010-12-29 V&M巴西有限公司 The seamless tube axletree and the manufacture method thereof that are used for rail vehicle
RU2487951C2 (en) * 2007-11-30 2013-07-20 В энд М ДУ БРАЗИЛ С/А Axle from seamless tube for railway vehicle and method of its production
AU2008329579B2 (en) * 2007-11-30 2014-03-27 V & M Do Brasil S/A An axle from a seamless tube for railroad vehicles, and a process for manufacturing an axle from a seamless steel tube for railroad vehicles
CN101932737B (en) * 2007-11-30 2014-06-18 V&M巴西有限公司 An axle from a seamless tube for railroad vehicles, and a process for manufacturing an axle from a seamless steel tube for railroad vehicles
US9133533B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2015-09-15 V & M Do Brasil S/A Axle from a seamless tube for railroad vehicles, and a process for manufacturing an axle from a seamless steel tube for railroad vehicles
FR2926739A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2009-07-31 Vallourec & Mannesmann Tubes S Anti-weld tube shaped axle for a road vehicle, comprises steel alloy comprising carbon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorous, aluminum, silicon, molybdenum, niobium and/or vanadium, where the axle has minimum elastic limit of specified range

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Publication number Publication date
DE3043439A1 (en) 1982-06-03

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