EP0052308A1 - Method of making high-strength steel forgings - Google Patents
Method of making high-strength steel forgings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0052308A1 EP0052308A1 EP81109505A EP81109505A EP0052308A1 EP 0052308 A1 EP0052308 A1 EP 0052308A1 EP 81109505 A EP81109505 A EP 81109505A EP 81109505 A EP81109505 A EP 81109505A EP 0052308 A1 EP0052308 A1 EP 0052308A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- forged
- forging
- strength steel
- content
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/02—Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/28—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts
Definitions
- Forged components made of steel that are exposed to high mechanical stresses, such as B. axles for motor vehicles are usually made of tempered steels such as. B. CK 45, 42 CrMo 4 or 41 Cr 4, forged and then subjected to a tempering process in order to achieve the desired strength properties.
- the invention has for its object the manufacture of heavy-duty forgings made of steel, especially axle beams for motor vehicles, while maintaining their required strength properties and simplifying the overall effort.
- the forged part is forged from a steel with a carbon content between 0.05 and 0.25% and a manganese content between 1.0 and 2.0% and is further machined after hardening without subsequent tempering.
- the carbon and manganese content required to achieve the desired component properties depends to a certain extent on the cross section of the forged part.
- the desired component properties can be adapted to the respective requirements by appropriate selection of the carbon and manganese contents, higher carbon contents resulting in a higher hardness and higher manganese contents resulting in a higher core strength of the forged component.
- the method according to the invention also makes it possible to cast continuously as a steel, preferably a rolled continuous cast, i. H. So use a particularly economical steel.
- the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous for the production of more compact components, such as, for. B. axles of motor vehicles, because with such components, the usual material and energy requirements are high and the difficulties in handling are comparatively large. Such components are often drop-forged. In this case, the forgings must be manufactured using the one-piece process.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Geschmiedete Bauteile aus Stahl, die hohen mechanischen Beanspruchungen ausgesetzt sind, wie z. B. Achskörper für Kraftfahrzeuge, werden üblicherweise aus Vergütungsstählen, wie z. B. CK 45, 42 CrMo 4 oder 41 Cr 4, geschmiedet und anschliefend einem Vergütungsverfahren unterworfen, um die gewünschten Festigkeitseigenschaften zu erzielen.Forged components made of steel that are exposed to high mechanical stresses, such as B. axles for motor vehicles are usually made of tempered steels such as. B. CK 45, 42 CrMo 4 or 41 Cr 4, forged and then subjected to a tempering process in order to achieve the desired strength properties.
Es ist bereits bekannt (Zeitschrift "Stahl und Eisen" 69. Jahrgang, (1949) Nr. 9, 28. April, Seite 296/297), aus Vergütungsstählen geschmiedete Bauteile aus der Schmiedehitze heraus, d. h. ohne sie längere Zeit auf Schmiedetemperatur zu halten, durch Abschrecken in einer wässrigen Lösung zu härten. Das Härten aus der Schmiedehitze heraus bedeutet zwar bereits eine wesentliche Rationalisierung der Herstellung solcher Bauteile, jedoch müssen diese beim bekannten Verfahren nach dem Härten noch etwa 1 1/2 Stunden lang bei einer Temperatur von etwa 6600 C angelassen werden.It is already known (magazine "Stahl und Eisen" 69th year, (1949) No. 9, April 28, page 296/297) that components forged from tempering steels can be extracted from the forging heat, ie without keeping them at the forging temperature for a long time to harden by quenching in an aqueous solution. Curing from the forging heat out though already means a considerable rationalization of the production of such components, however, this must be tempered for about 1 1/2 hours at a temperature of about 660 0 C in the known process after curing.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Herstellung hochbeanspruchbarer Schmiedeteile aus Stahl, insbesondere Achskörpern für Kraftfahrzeuge, unter Aufrechterhaltung ihrer benötigten Festigkeitseigenschaften zu vereinfachen und den Gesamtaufwand zu verringern.The invention has for its object the manufacture of heavy-duty forgings made of steel, especially axle beams for motor vehicles, while maintaining their required strength properties and simplifying the overall effort.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das Schmiedeteil aus einem Stahl mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt zwischen 0,05 und 0,25 % und einem Mangangehalt zwischen 1,0 und 2,0 % geschmiedet und nach dem Härten ohne anschließendes Anlassen spangebend weiterbearbeitet wird.This object is achieved in that the forged part is forged from a steel with a carbon content between 0.05 and 0.25% and a manganese content between 1.0 and 2.0% and is further machined after hardening without subsequent tempering.
Als Stahl wird also im Prinzip ein Baustahl eingesetzt, dessen Kohlenstoff- und Mangangehalt jedoch innerhalb ganz bestimmter Bereiche liegt. Durch die Wahl dieser speziellen Rezeptur für den eingesetzten Stahl wird nicht nur infolge des Fortfalls von Vergütungsstählen der materialmäßige Aufwand verringert, sondern gleichzeitig werden entscheidende verfahrensmäßige Vereinfachungen erzielt, weil auf das sonst erforderliche Anlassen verzichtet werden kann, ohne daß die dabei erzielten Bauteileigenschaften schlechter wären, als die solcher Bauteile, die unter Einsatz von Vergütungsstählen konventionell gefertigt worden sind.In principle, a structural steel is used as steel, but the carbon and manganese content is within very specific ranges. By choosing this special recipe for the steel used, the material expenditure is not only reduced due to the omission of tempered steels, but at the same time decisive procedural simplifications are achieved because the otherwise necessary tempering can be dispensed with, without the component properties achieved thereby being worse, than those components that have been conventionally manufactured using tempered steels.
Der Entfall des Anlassens bewirkt wegen des Fortfalls der sonst dazu notwendigen Erwärmungsmaßnahmen eine spürbare Energieeinsparung sowie eine Verringerung der Fertigungszeit insgesamt. Darüber hinaus ergibt sich eine wesentliche Vereinfachung des sogenannten Handlings, d. h. der Handhabung des geschmiedeten Bauteils, weil dieses u. a. nach dem Abschrecken in einer wässrigen Lösung, z. B. in einem mit Salz versetzten Wasserbad, oder Öl nicht erst zum Anlassen in einen Ofen, sondern gleich zum Richten weiterbefördert werden kann. Der Aufwand für das Richten selbst wird durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ebenfalls verringert.The elimination of starting causes a noticeable energy saving and a reduction in the overall production time due to the elimination of the heating measures that would otherwise be necessary. In addition, there is a significant simplification of the so-called handling, i. H. the handling of the forged component, because this u. a. after quenching in an aqueous solution, e.g. B. in a salted water bath, or oil not only for tempering in an oven, but can be conveyed straight to straightening. The effort for straightening itself is also reduced by the method according to the invention.
Der zur Erzielung der gewünschten Bauteileigenschaften notwendige Kohlenstoff- und Mangangehalt ist im gewissen Umfang abhängig vom Querschnitt des geschmiedeten Teiles. Für Achskörper von Kraftfahrzeugen ist es von Vorteil, einen Kohlenstoffgehalt zwischen 0,15 und 0,25 % und einen Hangangehalt zwischen 1,2 und 1,7 % zu wählen.The carbon and manganese content required to achieve the desired component properties depends to a certain extent on the cross section of the forged part. For motor vehicle axles, it is advantageous to choose a carbon content between 0.15 and 0.25% and a slope content between 1.2 and 1.7%.
Die gewünschten Bauteileigenschaften können durch entsprechende Wahl der Kohlenstoff- und Mangangehalte den jeweiligen Bedürfnissen angepaßt werden, wobei höhere Kohlenstoffgehalte eine höhere Randhärte und höhere Mangangehalte eine höhere Kernfestigkeit des geschmiedeten Bauteiles bewirken.The desired component properties can be adapted to the respective requirements by appropriate selection of the carbon and manganese contents, higher carbon contents resulting in a higher hardness and higher manganese contents resulting in a higher core strength of the forged component.
Das erfindungsgemäBe Verfahren ermöglicht es auch, als Stahl Strangguß, vorzugsweise einen gewalzten Strangguß, d. h. also einen besonders wirtschaftlichen Stahl einzusetzen.The method according to the invention also makes it possible to cast continuously as a steel, preferably a rolled continuous cast, i. H. So use a particularly economical steel.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist mit besonderem Vorteil zur Herstellung geöBerer Bauteile, wie z. B. Achskörpern von Kraftfahrzeugen, einzusetzen, weil bei derartigen Bauteilen der sonst übliche Material- und Energiebedarf hoch und die Schwierigkeiten beim Handling vergleichsweise groß sind. Solche Bauteile werden vielfach im Gesenk geschmiedet. In diesem Falle müssen die Schmiedeteile im Einstück-Verfahren hergestellt werden.The method according to the invention is particularly advantageous for the production of more compact components, such as, for. B. axles of motor vehicles, because with such components, the usual material and energy requirements are high and the difficulties in handling are comparatively large. Such components are often drop-forged. In this case, the forgings must be manufactured using the one-piece process.
Durch die Einhaltung der vorgeschlagenen Bereiche für den Kohlenstoff- und Mangangehalt, d. h. durch die Rezeptur des Stahles, werden - obgleich bei der Fertigung auf das sonst übliche Vergüten, d. h. auf das Anlassen nach dem Härten aus der Schmiedehitze heraus verzichtet wird - gleichwertige Bauteileigenschaften erzielt wie bei konventionell gefertigten Teilen aus Vergütungsstählen.By adhering to the proposed ranges for carbon and manganese, i.e. H. through the recipe of the steel - although during the manufacturing process the usual remuneration, d. H. tempering after hardening from the forging heat is dispensed with - equivalent component properties are achieved as with conventionally manufactured parts made from tempered steels.
Es versteht sich, daß unter dem Ausdruck Schmieden etc. nicht nur das klassische Schmieden, bei dem das auf die benötigte Temperatur erwärmte Werkstück schlagend bearbeitet wird, zu verstehen ist, sondern auch sämtliche moderneren Warmformgebungsverfahren, bei denen die Verformung des Werkstückes nicht schlagend erfolgt.It goes without saying that the expression forging etc. should not only be understood to mean classic forging, in which the workpiece heated to the required temperature is machined, but also all modern hot-forming processes in which the workpiece is not deformed.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19803043439 DE3043439A1 (en) | 1980-11-18 | 1980-11-18 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A HIGHLY STRENGTH FORGED STEEL FORGED PART |
DE3043439 | 1980-11-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0052308A1 true EP0052308A1 (en) | 1982-05-26 |
Family
ID=6117031
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP81109505A Withdrawn EP0052308A1 (en) | 1980-11-18 | 1981-11-04 | Method of making high-strength steel forgings |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0052308A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3043439A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0191873A1 (en) * | 1985-02-16 | 1986-08-27 | Ovako Steel Oy Ab | Method and steel alloy for producing high-strength hot forgings |
US4820357A (en) * | 1988-03-10 | 1989-04-11 | Dana Corporation | Low grade material axle shaft |
CN1052046C (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 2000-05-03 | 美国3M公司 | Multi-layer nonwoven thermal insulating batts |
WO2009067773A1 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-04 | V & M Do Brasil S/A | An axle from a seamless tube for railroad vehicles, and a process for manufacturing an axle from a seamless steel tube for railroad vehicles |
FR2926739A1 (en) * | 2008-01-24 | 2009-07-31 | Vallourec & Mannesmann Tubes S | Anti-weld tube shaped axle for a road vehicle, comprises steel alloy comprising carbon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorous, aluminum, silicon, molybdenum, niobium and/or vanadium, where the axle has minimum elastic limit of specified range |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE753198C (en) * | 1941-07-30 | 1953-03-30 | Oberhuetten Vereinigte Obersch | Process for the production of steels of high quality |
GB766115A (en) * | 1954-04-13 | 1957-01-16 | Eaton Axles Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of axle shafts |
DE2452486A1 (en) * | 1973-11-06 | 1975-05-07 | Norrbottens Jaernverk Ab | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A WORKPIECE FROM HARDENED STEEL |
DE2612918A1 (en) * | 1975-04-02 | 1976-10-21 | Florin Stahl Walzwerk | Rolled steel prodn. with softened edge - and strong core by two-step cooling heat-treatable steel |
-
1980
- 1980-11-18 DE DE19803043439 patent/DE3043439A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1981
- 1981-11-04 EP EP81109505A patent/EP0052308A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE753198C (en) * | 1941-07-30 | 1953-03-30 | Oberhuetten Vereinigte Obersch | Process for the production of steels of high quality |
GB766115A (en) * | 1954-04-13 | 1957-01-16 | Eaton Axles Ltd | Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of axle shafts |
DE2452486A1 (en) * | 1973-11-06 | 1975-05-07 | Norrbottens Jaernverk Ab | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A WORKPIECE FROM HARDENED STEEL |
DE2612918A1 (en) * | 1975-04-02 | 1976-10-21 | Florin Stahl Walzwerk | Rolled steel prodn. with softened edge - and strong core by two-step cooling heat-treatable steel |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
STAHL UND EISEN, Jahrgang 62, Nr. 51, Dezember 1942, O. KUKLA et al.: "Neue W{rmebehandlungsverfahren zur Verbesserung der heutigen St{hle" Seiten 1067-1073 * |
STAHL UND EISEN, Jahrgang 69, Nr. 9, 28.April, 1949, F. BOLLENRATH et al.: "Auswirkung der H{rtung aus der Walzihitze bei Verg}tungsst{hlen" Seiten 296-297 * |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0191873A1 (en) * | 1985-02-16 | 1986-08-27 | Ovako Steel Oy Ab | Method and steel alloy for producing high-strength hot forgings |
US4820357A (en) * | 1988-03-10 | 1989-04-11 | Dana Corporation | Low grade material axle shaft |
CN1052046C (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 2000-05-03 | 美国3M公司 | Multi-layer nonwoven thermal insulating batts |
WO2009067773A1 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-04 | V & M Do Brasil S/A | An axle from a seamless tube for railroad vehicles, and a process for manufacturing an axle from a seamless steel tube for railroad vehicles |
CN101932737A (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2010-12-29 | V&M巴西有限公司 | The seamless tube axletree and the manufacture method thereof that are used for rail vehicle |
RU2487951C2 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2013-07-20 | В энд М ДУ БРАЗИЛ С/А | Axle from seamless tube for railway vehicle and method of its production |
AU2008329579B2 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2014-03-27 | V & M Do Brasil S/A | An axle from a seamless tube for railroad vehicles, and a process for manufacturing an axle from a seamless steel tube for railroad vehicles |
CN101932737B (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2014-06-18 | V&M巴西有限公司 | An axle from a seamless tube for railroad vehicles, and a process for manufacturing an axle from a seamless steel tube for railroad vehicles |
US9133533B2 (en) | 2007-11-30 | 2015-09-15 | V & M Do Brasil S/A | Axle from a seamless tube for railroad vehicles, and a process for manufacturing an axle from a seamless steel tube for railroad vehicles |
FR2926739A1 (en) * | 2008-01-24 | 2009-07-31 | Vallourec & Mannesmann Tubes S | Anti-weld tube shaped axle for a road vehicle, comprises steel alloy comprising carbon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorous, aluminum, silicon, molybdenum, niobium and/or vanadium, where the axle has minimum elastic limit of specified range |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3043439A1 (en) | 1982-06-03 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): FR GB IT SE |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19820819 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19830909 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: SCHMIDT, JENS Inventor name: SCHREITER, ERWIN |