DE2350370A1 - Forging carbon-manganese steel - micro-alloyed with vanadium or niobium and cooling in air at room temp. - Google Patents

Forging carbon-manganese steel - micro-alloyed with vanadium or niobium and cooling in air at room temp.

Info

Publication number
DE2350370A1
DE2350370A1 DE19732350370 DE2350370A DE2350370A1 DE 2350370 A1 DE2350370 A1 DE 2350370A1 DE 19732350370 DE19732350370 DE 19732350370 DE 2350370 A DE2350370 A DE 2350370A DE 2350370 A1 DE2350370 A1 DE 2350370A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
cooling
micro
vanadium
niobium
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DE19732350370
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Erwin Just
Jens Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Priority to DE19732350370 priority Critical patent/DE2350370A1/en
Priority to BR831374A priority patent/BR7408313A/en
Publication of DE2350370A1 publication Critical patent/DE2350370A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

Steel forgings, esp. used as crankshafts for vehicle engines, are produced by forging a C-Mn steel contg. >=0.2% C, micro-alloyed with 0.05-0.15% V or Nb, and contg. no further alloying components, at 900-1280 degrees C with V addn. or at 1250-1280 degrees C with Nb addn., followed by cooling the forgings, esp. individually, in air at >= room temp. Micro-alloying additives improve yield strength but do not alter tensile strength. Re-heating after cooling is obviated; a pearlite structure is formed and forgings can be machined with tools used for forgings of heat-treatable steels.

Description

VOL-KSW AGEKWESK
Aktiengesellschaft
5180 Wolfsburg
VOL-KSW AGEKWESK
Corporation
5180 Wolfsburg

Unsere Zeichen: K 1583
1702-pt-hu-sa
Our symbols: K 1583
1702-pt-hu-sa

H. 10.73 H. 10.73

Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schmiedeteils aus StahlMethod of making a forging from steel

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines 'Schmiedeteils aus Stahl, wobei beispielsweise an eine Kurbelwelle für einen Kraftfahrzeugmotor gedacht ist.The invention relates to a method for producing a Forged part made of steel, for example on a crankshaft is intended for a motor vehicle engine.

Es ist bekannt, derartige Teile aus Kohlenstoffstahl zu schmieden und nach dem Schmieden normalzuglühen, wodurch jedoch nur verhältnismäßig niedrige Streckgrenzen im Material des Teils erzielt werden können. Zum anderen ist es auch bekannt, zur Erzielung einer höheren Streckgrenze das Teil nach dem Erkalten zu vergüten, also auf eine Austenitisierungstemperatur von 860 bis 880° 0 zu erhitzen, in Öl oder Wasser abzuschrecken und auf die gewünschte Festigkeit anzulassen.It is known to forge such parts from carbon steel and normalizing after forging, which results in only relatively low yield strengths in the material of the part can be achieved. On the other hand, it is also known to use the part after cooling to achieve a higher yield point quenched and tempered, i.e. to an austenitizing temperature of To be heated to 860 to 880 ° 0, quenched in oil or water and tempered to the desired strength.

Während das zuerst genannte Verfahren des Hörmalglühens.also häufig nicht die gewünschten Festigkeitswerte bringt, besitzt das an zweiter Stelle genannte Verfahren des Vergütens den Nachteil eines erhöhten Fertigungs- und Energieaufwands, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die erforderlich* erneute Erhitzung nach der ersten Abkühlung.While the first-mentioned procedure of the Hörmalglowens.also often does not bring the desired strength values, the tempering process mentioned in the second place has the Disadvantage of increased manufacturing and energy expenditure, in particular with regard to the necessary * re-heating after the first cooling.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde,.©in Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, das einerseits eine höher-The invention is based on the object. © in the method of to create the type mentioned at the beginning, on the one hand a higher-

liegende Streckgrenze als das Normalglühen garantiert, andererseits aber den erheblichen Mehraufwand beim Vergüten vermeidet. Das diese Aufgabe lösende erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein mit 0,05 - 0,15 # Vanadium oder Niob mikrolegierter, im übrigen unlegierter Kohlenstoff-Mangan-Stahl mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von mindestens 0,2 im Temperaturbereich 900 - 1280° C bei Vanadiumzusatz bzw. 1250 - 1280° C bei Niobzusatz geschmiedet und das Teil - vorzugsweise einzeln - in Luft mit zumindest ungefähr Raumtemperatur abgekühlt wird.guarantees a lying yield point than normal annealing, but on the other hand avoids the considerable additional work involved in quenching and tempering. The method of achieving this object the invention is characterized in that a with 0.05 to 0.15 # vanadium or niobium microalloyed, unalloyed in the rest of carbon-manganese steel having a carbon content of at least 0.2 i »in the temperature range 900-1280 ° C with the addition of vanadium or 1250 - 1280 ° C with the addition of niobium and the part - preferably individually - is cooled in air at at least approximately room temperature.

Die Erfindung vermeidet also eine erneute Erhitzung des Schmiedeteils nach Abkühlung, indem unmittelbar aus der Schmiedehitze heraus eine gesteuerte Abkühlung an der Luft erfolgt. !Diese Abkühlung, zu der das Teil beispielsweise einzeln aufgehängt oder in anderer Weise einzeln gelagert ist, ergibt eine perlitische Gefügeausbildung. Die beim Vergüten erforderliche Erhitzung (Austenitisierung), das Abschrecken und Anlassen entfallen, wodurch eine erhebliche Ersparnis an Fertigungsaufwand und Energiebedarf eintritt.The invention thus avoids renewed heating of the forged part After cooling, controlled cooling in the air takes place directly from the forging heat. ! This cooling, for which the part is hung up individually or stored individually in another way, results in a pearlitic structure formation. The heating (austenitizing), quenching and tempering required for quenching and tempering are omitted, which results in a considerable saving in manufacturing effort and energy consumption.

Die Mikrolegierungsausätze bewirken über eine Ausscheidungshärtung eine höhere Streckgrenze, als sie beim Normalglühen anderer Werkstoffe auftritt', ohne daß dadurch die Zugfestigkeit. des Materials des Teils nennenswert geändert wird. Dies ist wichtig für die Möglichkeit einer spanabhebenden Bearbeitung dee Schmiedeteils. Wie sich gezeigt hat, können nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellte Schmiedeteile mit denselben Werkzeugen spanabhebend bearbeitet werden wie Schmiede teile, zu deren Herstellung Vergütungsstähle benutzt werden.The micro-alloy deposits cause precipitation hardening a higher yield point than occurs in normalizing other materials without affecting the tensile strength. the material of the part is significantly changed. This is important for the possibility of machining the forged part. As has been shown, according to the invention Process produced forged parts are machined with the same tools as forges parts that are manufactured using heat-treatable steels.

Es ist zweckmäßig, die Abkühlung in einer Luftströmung vorzunehmen, die in einfacher Weise dadurch erzielt werden kann,It is advisable to carry out the cooling in an air flow, which can be achieved in a simple manner by

509816/0530509816/0530

daß das Werkstück von der Schmiedepresse beispielsweise freischwebend zu einem Ablageplatz transportiert wird, wobei natürlich die Entfernung hinreichend groß sein muß. Bereits bei einer solchen, verfahrensmäßig denkbar einfachen Abkühlung tritt die zur Erhöhung der Streckgrenze ohne nennenswerte Beeinflussung der Zugfestigkeit erforderliche Ausscheidungshärtung auf. - .that the workpiece is transported by the forging press, for example, floating freely to a storage location, with of course the distance must be sufficiently great. Even with such a process-wise conceivably simple cooling occurs to increase the yield strength without any significant influence Precipitation hardening required for tensile strength on. -.

Figur 1 zeigt in einem Diagramm den Verlauf der Streckgrenze s über der Austenitisierungstemperatur t für einen normalgeglühten Stahl C 53 (Kurve a) und nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren behandelte Werkstoffe, und zwar Kurve b bei Niobzusatz und Kurve c bei Vanadiumzusatz,FIG. 1 shows the course of the yield point s in a diagram above the austenitizing temperature t for a normalized steel C 53 (curve a) and according to the method according to the invention treated materials, namely curve b with addition of niobium and curve c with addition of vanadium,

Während die Kurve a im gesamten Temperaturbereich unterhalb 50 Einheiten für die Streckgrenze s verläuft, zeigt die Kurve b zwischen etwa 1150 und 1280° C und die Kurve c zwischen etwa 1250 und 1280° C einen starken Anstieg; jenseits von etwa 1280° C tritt dagegen wieder ein starker Abfall der Streckgrenze s ein. Während das hier verwendete Material mit Hiöbzusatz (Kurve b) eine genaue Einhaltung der SehmiedeteiEperatur zur Erhöhung der Streckgrenze s erfordert, bietet der Vanadiumzusätz (Kurve c) die Möglichkeit, auch bei schwankender Schmiedetemperatur eine Erhöhung der Streckgrenze zu erzielen.-While curve a runs below 50 units for the yield point s in the entire temperature range, curve b shows between about 1150 and 1280 ° C and curve c between about 1250 and 1280 ° C a sharp rise; beyond about At 1280 ° C, on the other hand, there is again a sharp drop in the yield point be. While the material used here with the addition of Hiöb (Curve b) an exact adherence to the boiling temperature to increase the yield strength s required, the vanadium offers additional (Curve c) the possibility of increasing the yield strength even with fluctuating forging temperatures.

Daß die Erhöhung der Streckgrenze bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren nicht mit störender Erhöhung der Zugfestigkeit verbunden ist, zeigt Figur 2, in der die Abhängigkeit des Streckgrenzenverhältnisses S, also des Quotienten aus Streckgrenze und Zugfestigkeit, von der Austenitisierungstemperatur e aufgetragen ist. Die Kurven a, b und c entsprechen der jeweils gleich bezeichneten Kurve in Fig. 1. .That the increase in the yield strength in the inventive Process not associated with a disruptive increase in tensile strength FIG. 2 shows the dependence of the yield strength ratio S, that is to say the quotient of the yield strength and tensile strength, plotted from the austenitizing temperature e is. The curves a, b and c correspond to the curve in FIG. 1, which is identified by the same name.

509 816/0530509 816/0530

Claims (1)

235037Q235037Q ANSPRUCHCLAIM Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schmiedeteils aus Stahl, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein mit 0,05 - 0,15 Ί° Vanadium oder Niob mikrolegierter, im übrigen unlegierter Kohlenstoff-Mangan-Stahl mit einem Kohlenstoffgehalt von mindestens 0,2 $ im Temperaturbereich 900 - 1280° C bei Vanadiumzusatz bzw. 1250 - 1280° C bei Niobzusatz geschmiedet und das Teil in Luft mit zumindest ungefähr Raumtemperatur abgekühlt wird.Process for producing a forged part made of steel, characterized in that a carbon-manganese steel microalloyed with 0.05-0.15 ° vanadium or niobium, otherwise unalloyed, with a carbon content of at least 0.2 $ in the temperature range 900-1280 ° C with the addition of vanadium or 1250 - 1280 ° C with the addition of niobium and the part is cooled in air with at least approximately room temperature. 509816/0530509816/0530
DE19732350370 1973-10-08 1973-10-08 Forging carbon-manganese steel - micro-alloyed with vanadium or niobium and cooling in air at room temp. Pending DE2350370A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19732350370 DE2350370A1 (en) 1973-10-08 1973-10-08 Forging carbon-manganese steel - micro-alloyed with vanadium or niobium and cooling in air at room temp.
BR831374A BR7408313A (en) 1973-10-08 1974-10-07 PERFECT PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A FORGED STEEL PIECE

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19732350370 DE2350370A1 (en) 1973-10-08 1973-10-08 Forging carbon-manganese steel - micro-alloyed with vanadium or niobium and cooling in air at room temp.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE2350370A1 true DE2350370A1 (en) 1975-04-17

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DE19732350370 Pending DE2350370A1 (en) 1973-10-08 1973-10-08 Forging carbon-manganese steel - micro-alloyed with vanadium or niobium and cooling in air at room temp.

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Country Link
BR (1) BR7408313A (en)
DE (1) DE2350370A1 (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2610388A1 (en) * 1976-02-07 1977-08-11 Gerlach Werke Gmbh High strength steel contg. nitrogen - is suitable in non-heat treated condition for forgings exposed to high stresses
EP0035681A1 (en) * 1980-03-12 1981-09-16 Thyssen Edelstahlwerke AG Use of a steel having high strength and toughness
DE3212338A1 (en) * 1981-04-03 1982-10-28 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8900 Augsburg Process for the production of engine parts capable of high loading, particularly internal combustion engine parts
EP0072355A1 (en) * 1981-07-21 1983-02-16 Italtractor Itm S.P.A. Process for direct treatment of links for tractors or tracked vehicles
EP0526330A1 (en) * 1991-07-30 1993-02-03 Ascometal Process for making thinwalled tubes, steel for making these tubes and so produced tubes for bicycle frames
EP0912769A1 (en) * 1996-07-02 1999-05-06 The Timken Company Induction hardened microalloy steel having enhanced fatigue strength properties
DE10152092B4 (en) * 2000-10-23 2004-08-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Kakuta Tekkousho Crankshaft and manufacturing process therefor
DE102004022248A1 (en) * 2004-05-04 2005-12-15 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Ball element for two-part ball stud and manufacturing process
EP2764127B1 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-08-12 Babasaheb Neelkanth Kalyani A process to improve fatigue strength of micro alloy steels, forged parts made from the process and an apparatus to execute the process

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2610388A1 (en) * 1976-02-07 1977-08-11 Gerlach Werke Gmbh High strength steel contg. nitrogen - is suitable in non-heat treated condition for forgings exposed to high stresses
EP0035681A1 (en) * 1980-03-12 1981-09-16 Thyssen Edelstahlwerke AG Use of a steel having high strength and toughness
DE3009443A1 (en) * 1980-03-12 1981-09-17 Thyssen Edelstahlwerke AG, 4000 Düsseldorf USE OF A HIGH STRENGTH AND TOUGHNESS STEEL
DE3212338A1 (en) * 1981-04-03 1982-10-28 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8900 Augsburg Process for the production of engine parts capable of high loading, particularly internal combustion engine parts
EP0072355A1 (en) * 1981-07-21 1983-02-16 Italtractor Itm S.P.A. Process for direct treatment of links for tractors or tracked vehicles
EP0526330A1 (en) * 1991-07-30 1993-02-03 Ascometal Process for making thinwalled tubes, steel for making these tubes and so produced tubes for bicycle frames
FR2679924A1 (en) * 1991-07-30 1993-02-05 Ascometal Sa PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A THIN-WALL STEEL TUBE, STEEL FOR PRODUCING THE TUBE AND TUBE FOR A CYCLE FRAME OBTAINED
EP0912769A1 (en) * 1996-07-02 1999-05-06 The Timken Company Induction hardened microalloy steel having enhanced fatigue strength properties
EP0912769A4 (en) * 1996-07-02 2004-06-30 Timken Co Induction hardened microalloy steel having enhanced fatigue strength properties
DE10152092B4 (en) * 2000-10-23 2004-08-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Kakuta Tekkousho Crankshaft and manufacturing process therefor
DE102004022248A1 (en) * 2004-05-04 2005-12-15 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Ball element for two-part ball stud and manufacturing process
DE102004022248B4 (en) * 2004-05-04 2007-06-14 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Process for the production of balls or ball segments, as well as subsequently manufactured ball element for two-part ball studs
EP2764127B1 (en) 2011-10-07 2015-08-12 Babasaheb Neelkanth Kalyani A process to improve fatigue strength of micro alloy steels, forged parts made from the process and an apparatus to execute the process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR7408313A (en) 1975-10-14

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