EP0051006B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Übertragen elektrischer Ladungen verschiedener Zeichen in ein Raumgebiet und Verwendung in Vorrichtungen zum Beseitigen statischer Elektrizität - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Übertragen elektrischer Ladungen verschiedener Zeichen in ein Raumgebiet und Verwendung in Vorrichtungen zum Beseitigen statischer Elektrizität Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0051006B1
EP0051006B1 EP81401536A EP81401536A EP0051006B1 EP 0051006 B1 EP0051006 B1 EP 0051006B1 EP 81401536 A EP81401536 A EP 81401536A EP 81401536 A EP81401536 A EP 81401536A EP 0051006 B1 EP0051006 B1 EP 0051006B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
generator according
space
charges
electrode
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81401536A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0051006A3 (en
EP0051006A2 (de
Inventor
Serge Larigaldie
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Office National dEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales ONERA
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Office National dEtudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales ONERA
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Publication of EP0051006A2 publication Critical patent/EP0051006A2/de
Publication of EP0051006A3 publication Critical patent/EP0051006A3/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T23/00—Apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. into the atmosphere
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05F—STATIC ELECTRICITY; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ELECTRICITY
    • H05F3/00—Carrying-off electrostatic charges
    • H05F3/04—Carrying-off electrostatic charges by means of spark gaps or other discharge devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to techniques for modifying the electrical charge of a space area.
  • radioactive eliminators which use the ionizing properties of alpha and beta radiation to slightly ionize the air surrounding a body to be discharged.
  • the effectiveness of these devices is low due to the low degree of ionization which one can hope to achieve without using powerful radioactive sources (several tens of millicuries) including the potential dangers, as regards the risks personnel irradiation as accidental release of radioactive material, are not acceptable in many applications.
  • inductive type crown effect eliminators which consist of one or more conductive wires at ground potential and fitted with tips which are placed near the electrified bodies to be discharged.
  • the high value of the electric field near the tips promotes the transfer of charges between the electrified body and the eliminator.
  • crown Other eliminators with crown effect involve a high voltage electric source which creates an intense electric field in the vicinity of one or more points immersed in a gaseous medium in order to cause the formation of a discharge therein. crown, called corona discharge, generator of ions. The high voltage produced is alternating so as to alternately produce positive and negative ions in the medium surrounding the electrified body to be neutralized.
  • corona discharges into the air are accompanied by the formation of ozone, a highly oxidizing gas, capable of damaging certain materials or presenting harmful effects for people. This phenomenon sometimes obstructs the application of crown effect discharge eliminators.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a generator of electric charges of different signs in a space zone, which allows, in particular when it is applied to the atmosphere surrounding an electrified body, to effectively neutralize the latter.
  • the electric charge generator of the invention is of the type comprising, as in FR-A-2 419 647, an enclosure capable of receiving a gas under pressure and charged with a substance capable of condensing under the effect of the cooling caused by relaxation; a body of nozzle mounted at the end of this enclosure to relax the gas leaving this enclosure, in particular by an ejection nozzle; a tapered electrode whose tip is located near the neck of the nozzle; and a high voltage source as well as connection means suitable for electrically connecting this tapered electrode to a first terminal of said high voltage source and a conductive part of the nozzle body to a second terminal of this source, to produce a discharge by crown effect in the gas between said electrode and the neck of the nozzle.
  • This electric charge generator is essentially characterized in that said source is the secondary of a transformer delivering a high alternating voltage, in that the surface of said nozzle is electrically insulating on the side of the interior of the enclosure, and in that the means for connecting said tapered electrode and said conductive part of the nozzle body comprise a capacitor in series between this electrode and this conductive part.
  • the ions produced by the corona discharge constitute nuclei on which the microparticles of the condensable substance are formed.
  • the ions are thus trapped by the current of microparticles and they are then released by a phase loading of the microparticles to form the charge of the space zone. Thanks to the speed acquired by the microparticles, it is possible to charge an area of space at a relatively large distance from the enclosure inside which the transferred ions are created.
  • the charge level of the capacitor is then established at a value such that the supply voltages of the positive discharge and of the negative discharge are different and, respectively, produce positive and negative ion fluxes with equal yields.
  • the body of the nozzle can be a block of insulating material, the internal surface of which is suitably aerodynamically shaped, and in which a conductor is embedded, which is connected to the alternative power source of the electrode assembly. tapered nozzle, for example through the mass.
  • the above electric charge generator thus makes it possible to obtain balanced concentrations of very high simultaneously positive and negative charges at relatively considerable distances from the enclosure where the ions arise without the recombination of charges during transfer becoming excessive. .
  • the arrangements according to the invention are particularly advantageous when the space area is relatively difficult to access, for example in the case where electrified pulverulent materials are handled during an industrial process; or when it contains a flammable or explosive atmosphere. If the charged particles are ejected by a nozzle outside the enclosure in which they are formed, it is indeed possible to avoid any contact between the external atmosphere and the interior of the enclosure because of the unidirectional nature of the current of microparticles and its relatively high speed in the nozzle.
  • the invention also relates to the application of the generator which has just been defined to the elimination of static electricity from the electrified bodies.
  • the body may neutralize keeps a residual charge of low value and in particular likely to bring the potential of this object to safe values. If it is desired to eliminate this residual charge or to set it at a value different from that which results from the neutralization operation, in accordance with an additional aspect of the invention, the electric field is detected around this body and it is controlled the supply circuit of the discharge crowns the detected field so as to bring it to a desired value, for example zero.
  • an electric charge injector comprises an elongated insulating tubular body 10 closed at one end 12 and extended at its other end 14 by a body of revolution 16 whose internal profile defines a nozzle 18 comprising a narrowed part 20, followed by a neck 22, then by a diverging portion 24, when one moves away from the end 14 of the tubular body 10.
  • the divergent opening through an orifice 26 formed in the anterior face 28 of the body of nozzle 16, in a tube 30 coaxial with the nozzle 18, the end of which forms an ejection nozzle 32 towards the outside towards a space zone.
  • a needle 46 made of a conductive material centered on the axis of the tube 10 and comprising a point 48 at the neck 22 of the nozzle 18.
  • the rear end 49 of the needle 46 is electrically connected to a conductor 50 which passes through the end wall 12 of the body 10 by an insulating bushing 52.
  • a pipe 55 compressed air supply in the direction of arrow 56.
  • the body 10 is made of an insulating material.
  • the nozzle body 16 is conductive and electrically connected to ground by a conductor 60, the conductor 50 being connected to one end 67 of a high voltage secondary winding 62 of a transformer 64 supplied to its primary 66 by the AC mains voltage at 220 v.
  • the other end 68 of the winding 62 is connected to the ground.
  • Line 55 is connected to a compressor (not shown) supplied with moist air in order to inject, in the direction of the arrow 56, inside the injector body 10, moist compressed air which enters the nozzle body 16 and begins to relax at the level of the constriction 20 where it is accelerated by cooling. From the neck 22, it acquires a supersonic speed under the effect of the acceleration which is imparted to it by the diverging portion 24 of the nozzle and then enters the tube 30 to be ejected by the nozzle 32 out of the enclosure formed by inside the tube 10 of the nozzle 18 and of the tube 30.
  • a compressor supplied with moist air in order to inject, in the direction of the arrow 56, inside the injector body 10, moist compressed air which enters the nozzle body 16 and begins to relax at the level of the constriction 20 where it is accelerated by cooling. From the neck 22, it acquires a supersonic speed under the effect of the acceleration which is imparted to it by the diverging portion 24 of the nozzle and then enters the tube 30 to be
  • the high-voltage winding 62 applies an alternating voltage of several thousand volts, for example 20 kV between the point 48 of the needle 46 and the nozzle 18, this voltage being sufficient to allow an alternative corona discharge to be established at neck of this nozzle.
  • This discharge occurs in the air current during expansion in the narrow space which separates the point 48 from the neck of the nozzle 22 where an extremely high electric field prevails.
  • a space charge is formed composed of positive gas ions at the periphery of the corona discharge zone, while during the negative half-waves are formed negative gas ions creating a negative space charge around this discharge area.
  • the compressed air admitted into the tube 55 is supersaturated with water vapor which begins to condense, as soon as the air reaches the converging point of the nozzle, in the form of microdroplets, the gaseous ions formed in the vicinity of the point 48 forming condensation nuclei for these droplets.
  • these microdroplets Crystallize into microparticles of very small diameter ice (approximately 10 nm in diameter), the temperature of the air expanded in the divergent being able to lower up to 'at -90 ° Celsius.
  • the fine particles of aerosol charged alternately positively and negatively are entrained by the gas stream at very high speed inside the tube 30 and projected into the area of space opposite the nozzle 32, as will be explained below. .
  • a suitable air flow for such a device suitable for being used as a static eliminator of particles can be about 20 m 3 per hour, measured under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, and the corresponding pressure in the enclosure of approximately 5 bars.
  • the charge ejection speed inside the tube 30 is approximately 300 m / s.
  • the moist compressed air admitted into the tubing 55 can be obtained from ambient air provided that its humidity is greater than about 10%. In case the ambient air is very dry, a humidifier is provided at the inlet of the compressor. It has been found that the hygrometric degree indicated corresponds to a density of microparticles of ice at the level of the neck of the nozzle which is largely sufficient to come to trap almost all of the ions formed by the discharge.
  • the yields of ionized particles of the positive corona discharge and of the negative corona discharge are generally not the same for a given value of the supply voltage at the secondary 62.
  • the quantity of charges of each sign produced and the current resulting from the driving of these loads through the tube 30 depend on a high number of factors among which the state of the tip 48, the pressure and the hygrometric degree of the air used, the value of the applied voltage .
  • the ice microparticles entrained through the tube 30 escape the action of the electric field prevailing inside the injector thanks to their very low mobility and the high speed of the gas flow. These charges, after leaving the nozzle 32 move away from them to be recovered only at relatively high distance by a body connected to ground or the earth after they are released as will be explained below.
  • the tube 30 is made of a semiconductor material having a very high resistivity. This characteristic makes it possible to avoid the accumulation along this tube of residual charges deposited by the stream of particles during its path towards the orifice 32. Such an accumulation could indeed give rise to sliding discharges along the inner wall of the tube 30 with a substantial loss of the stream of particles reaching the outside of the nozzle.
  • microparticles are several orders of magnitude lower than that of gas ions. Thanks to this lower mobility, the probability of recombination of charges of contrary signs, near the emissive point where the concentration of charged particles is the greatest, is much lower than in the case of a corona discharge without relaxation in the air.
  • An injector 80 (FIG. 2) is very schematically represented with its nozzle 82 and an outlet nozzle 84 from which a jet 86 of air and charged microcrystals of ice gushes out at high speed which tends to become more and more turbulent at as it moves away from this nozzle 86 towards the space zone 90 located downstream. A few tens of centimeters downstream, the ice microparticles begin to evaporate in an intermediate zone 88, releasing the gaseous ions that they had previously trapped. In practice, it has been found that it is possible to obtain by this process high concentrations of positive and negative charges at distances of several meters from the nozzle 84 before the ions thus released recombine.
  • the nozzle body 122 is composed of an insulating material, for example a synthetic resin inside which is embedded a conductive ring or metal guard ring 132 connected to ground by a conductor 134, coated with a coating 137 of insulating resin similar to that which constitutes the nozzle body 122 over at least part of its path to earth or ground.
  • the needle 126 is connected to the capacitor C 130 by a conductor 136, itself coated with an insulator 138.
  • the device schematically illustrated in FIG. 3 supplied with alternating sinusoidal voltage or with rectangular slots with a peak value of 20 kV made it possible to obtain an almost simultaneous flow of charges of different signs at the output of this nozzle whose overall load was strictly zero.
  • this device to an eliminator of static electricity, the flow of charged particles emitted at the outlet and directed towards a zone of space surrounding an electrified body to be discharged is generally neutral.
  • Such an eliminator makes it possible to obtain the formation of a very high concentration of positive and negative ionized particles in the environment of the electrified body which remains completely balanced from the electrical point of view.
  • the insulating nozzle device of FIG. 3 sees the capacitor C 130 being charged at a relatively low potential, ie for example a few hundred volts. If the electrified body to be discharged is placed at a relatively close distance from the injector ejection nozzle, it can be seen that it maintains a level of potential at most equal to that of the needle 126. This level of potential of electrification of the order of 500 volts is completely safe if it is known that the potentials of electrification of the bodies that one seeks to discharge using the present invention can commonly reach several tens of kilovolts. It is noted that, when the body is moved away from the outlet of the injector, the level of this continuous potential on the body drops very appreciably.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides additional means for measuring the potential of the body with respect to a reference mass and means for acting on the value of the DC voltage of the tip 126 to control the electric potential of the body. to that of the reference mass.
  • the insulating material on the internal surface 124 of the nozzle constitutes a resistance of infinite value between the tip 125 and the conductor of the guard ring 132 (which constitutes the second electrode proper), while allowing the electric field to act.
  • the distance between this ring 132 and the surface of the nozzle results from a compromise capable of avoiding the breakdowns of said insulating coating, while making it possible to obtain a sufficient electric field and without requiring prohibitively high voltages.
  • the layer of insulator 137 enclosing the conductor 134 is intended to prevent the establishment of parasitic current paths between the tip 125 and the ground conductor 134.
  • the insulator 128 is intended to prevent the formation of currents interference between the conductor 136 charged to a continuous potential as has been explained, and the rest of the body 120 of the injector.
  • the capacitance of the capacitor C 130 is determined at a relatively low value so as to limit its level of electric charge when it is, in operation, brought to a polarization potential of approximately a few hundred volts. Indeed, when the corona discharge is triggered, any imbalance existing between the production of ions by the positive and negative alternations creates a direct current which gradually diminishes, by charging the capacitor C 130, until the fluxes negative and positive charges are equal. Part of this direct current strikes the electrified body to be discharged and can communicate to it a possible residual charge at most equal to that which the capacitor C 130 acquires. It is preferable to adopt a relatively low capacitance value for this latter capacitor in order to to limit the possible residual charge of the electrified body. Experience shows that in practice this can be limited to some 100 pF.
  • the residual charge is eliminated by means of an electronic device comprising means for measuring the electrical potential of the body and means for acting on the potential of the tip 126 with respect to the reference mass.
  • the electric potential of the body 140 (FIG. 4) is measured by means of a known device for measuring the electric field 141 connected to the reference mass and the signal produced is used to modify the potential relative to the mass of the tip 126 in order to bring back, or maintain the body 140 in the electrically neutral state.
  • an amplifier 142 connected to the output of the device 141 delivers a direct voltage which is of opposite sign to the residual potential of the body 140 and which is applied either to the ring (FIG.
  • the signal delivered by the amplifier 142 controls a variation in the amplitude of the alternating voltage which is applied to the primary winding of the transformer 64.
  • a device such as that which has just been described offers the possibility of transporting a flow of electric charges of different signs over relatively large distances (several meters) which, as explained above, may be advantageous in certain applications.
  • static eliminators especially for bodies in diffuse or powder form.
  • the interior of the enclosure defined by the injector body is practically isolated from the area of space considered by the gas jet which is in escape, no risk of contact between an explosive atmosphere in this area of space and the crown discharge inside this enclosure is to be feared.
  • the electrodes capable of producing the corona discharge can only be energized when the compressed air is admitted into the injector and escapes at high speed through the nozzle 32.
  • no electric arc can be established between the metal tip such as 125 and the ground, due to the insulating nozzle.
  • the device makes it possible to obtain extremely rapid elimination of the electrostatic discharges from a body to be neutralized in order to bring them back to a level of potential presenting no danger.

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  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (14)

1. Zur Erzeugung elektrischer Ladungen unterschiedlichen Vorzeichens in einer Raumzone bestimmter Generator, bestehend aus :
einem abgeschlossenen Raum (10) für die Aufnahme eines unter Druck stehenden Gases, das eine Substanz mitführt, die unter der Wirkung einer durch Druckminderung hervorgerufenen Abkühlung kondensieren kann ;
einem am Ende dieses abgeschlossenen Raumes angebrachten Düsenkörper (122) zum Entspannen des aus dem abgeschlossenen Raum austretenden Gases, insbesondere mittels eines Ausstoßrohrs (32) ;
einer dünnen Elektrode (126), deren Spitze (125) sich in der Nähe des Halses (124) der Düse befindet ; und
einer Hochspannungsquelle (64) sowie Verbindungsmitteln (134, 136) zum elektrischen Verbinden der dünnen Elektrode mit einer ersten Anschlußklemme der Hochspannungsquelle und eines leitenden Teils des Düsenkörpers (122) mit einer zweiten Anschlußklemme dieser Quelle, um in dem Gas zwischen der Elektrode (126) und dem Hals (124) der Düse eine Koronaentladung zu erzeugen ;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei der Quelle um den Sekundärkreis (62) eines Transformators (64) handelt, der eine Wechselstrom-Hochspannung abgibt, daß die Oberfläche der genannten Düse gegenüber dem Inneren des abgeschlossenen Raumes (10) elektrisch isoliert ist, und daß die Verbindungsmittel (136, 134) der genannten dünnen Elektrode und des leitenden Teils (132) des Düsenkörpers einen Kondensator (C130) aufweisen, der in Reihe zwischen diese Elektrode und diesen leitenden Teil geschaltet ist.
2. Generator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Düsenkörper (122) aus einem isolierenden Werkstoff besteht, in welchem ein Leiter (132) angeordnet ist, der den leitenden Teil bildet und mit der zweiten Anschlußklemme verbunden ist.
3. Generator nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei dem Leiter um einen Metallring (132) handelt, der koaxial zu der Düse angeordnet und von dem isolierenden Werkstoff umhüllt ist.
4. Generator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungsmittel des leitenden Teils des Düsenkörpers (122) einen Leiter (134) enthalten, der über zumindest einen Teil seiner Länge, von der Düse aus gesehen, isoliert ist.
5. Generator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kondensator (C130) in dem die dünne Elektrode (126) mit der Wechselspannungsquelle (64) verbindenden Kreis liegt.
6. Generator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindung zwischen der dünnen Elektrode (126) und der Wechselspannungsquelle über zumindest einen Teil seiner Länge von einem isolierenden Schutz (138) umhüllt ist.
7. Generator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Einrichtung (112) vorgesehen ist, die auf den Druck des in den abgeschlossenen Raum eingeleiteten Gases anspricht, sowie eine Einrichtung (110), die in der Lage ist, die Stromversorgung zu unterbrechen, solange die druckempfindliche Einrichtung nicht das Überschreiten eines vorbestimmten Schwellenwerts des Gasdrucks festgestellt hat.
8. Generator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, bei dem die Verbindungsmittel (134, 136) zwischen der dünnen Elektrode und dem leitenden Teil des Düsenkörpers eine Einrichtung für den Nachweis einer Unsymmetrie zwischen dem erzeugten Strom positiver Ladungen und dem Strom negativer Ladungen am Ausgang des genannten abgeschlossenen Raums, sowie eine Einrichtung aufweist, die in der Lage ist, den jeweiligen Scheitelwert der positiven und negativen Halbwellen der Wechselspannung zu ändern, um eine vorgewählte Beziehung zwischen den genannten, in Richtung auf die Raumzone ausgestoßenen Strömen von positiven und negativen Ladungen aufrechtzuerhalten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er eine Einrichtung (141) zum Messen des Potentials der Raumzone enthält sowie eine Einrichtung (142) zum Erzeugen einer Gleichspannung mit gegenüber dem von der Einrichtung (141) gemessenen Potential entgegengesetztem Vorzeichen, und daß die Einrichtung (142) so geschaltet ist, daß das Potential der dünnen Elektrode (126) in Abhängigkeit von dieser Gleichspannung modifiziert wird, um die Raumzone in einen Neutralzustand zu überführen.
9. Generator nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung (142) zum Erzeugen der genannten Gleichspannung mit der dünnen Elektrode (126) über einen Kondensator (143) verbunden ist.
10. Generator nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung (142) zum Erzeugen der genannten Gleichspannung mit dem leitenden Teil (132) der Düse verbunden ist.
11. Generator nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung zum Erzeugen der genannten Gleichspannung unmittelbar mit der Primärseite oder der Sekundärseite des Transformators der genannten Wechselstromquelle (64) verbunden ist.
12. Verfahren zum Beseitigen von elektrischen Ladungen von einem geladenen Gegenstand, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Konzentration an positiven oder negativen elektrischen Ladungen des den Gegenstand umgebenden Raums erhöht wird, indem in diesen ein Strom mit elektrischen Ladungen entgegengesetzten Vorzeichens mit Hilfe eines Generators nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 eingeblasen wird.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß außerdem das in der Nähe des zu entladenden Gegenstands bestehende elektrische Feld festgestellt wird, und daß die Wechselstromversorgung der genannten Koronaentladung in Abhängigkeit von dem festgestellten Felde derart gesteuert wird, daß dieses Feld auf einem vorgegebenen Wert, beispielsweise auf dem Werte Null, gehalten wird.
EP81401536A 1980-10-14 1981-10-02 Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Übertragen elektrischer Ladungen verschiedener Zeichen in ein Raumgebiet und Verwendung in Vorrichtungen zum Beseitigen statischer Elektrizität Expired EP0051006B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8021977A FR2492212A1 (fr) 1980-10-14 1980-10-14 Procede et dispositifs pour transferer des charges electriques de signes differents dans une zone d'espace et application aux eliminateurs d'electricite statique
FR8021977 1980-10-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0051006A2 EP0051006A2 (de) 1982-05-05
EP0051006A3 EP0051006A3 (en) 1983-06-08
EP0051006B1 true EP0051006B1 (de) 1986-10-01

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US (1) US4417293A (de)
EP (1) EP0051006B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS57154800A (de)
CA (1) CA1172307A (de)
DE (1) DE3175417D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2492212A1 (de)
SU (1) SU1258342A3 (de)

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JPH0317199B2 (de) 1991-03-07
EP0051006A3 (en) 1983-06-08
EP0051006A2 (de) 1982-05-05
FR2492212A1 (fr) 1982-04-16
DE3175417D1 (en) 1986-11-06
US4417293A (en) 1983-11-22
JPS57154800A (en) 1982-09-24
CA1172307A (en) 1984-08-07
SU1258342A3 (ru) 1986-09-15
FR2492212B1 (de) 1983-10-21

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