EP0050132A1 - Stromversorgungsgerät. - Google Patents
Stromversorgungsgerät.Info
- Publication number
- EP0050132A1 EP0050132A1 EP81900980A EP81900980A EP0050132A1 EP 0050132 A1 EP0050132 A1 EP 0050132A1 EP 81900980 A EP81900980 A EP 81900980A EP 81900980 A EP81900980 A EP 81900980A EP 0050132 A1 EP0050132 A1 EP 0050132A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- capacitor
- charging
- voltage
- main transistor
- protective
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
Definitions
- the invention relates to a power supply device according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a capacitor is connected in parallel to the switching path of the transistor, which delays the rise in voltage and is discharged again when the T-transistor is switched on again.
- An additional protective choke must then ensure a delayed current rise in order to keep the start-up losses low.
- such a protective choke must again be connected in parallel with a freewheeling diode for reverse magnetization, the short-term, but high, reverse current of which increases the switch-on losses.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of reducing the power losses, in particular in the main transistor, in a power supply device of the type mentioned at the outset.
- the protective choke is therefore not arranged in the load circuit and therefore does not have the load current flowing through it. But above all there are none Free-wheeling diodes required to magnetise the protective choke; rather, the energy stored in it is used for additional charging of the charging capacitor of the additional rectifier.
- the voltage supply for the electronics requires a higher positive and a smaller negative voltage.
- the charging capacitor of the additional rectifier consists of two partial capacitors. It is not practical to adjust the voltage relationship by selecting the appropriate capacitance, since a very large capacitor would be needed to generate the lower voltage, but the energy requirement at the lower voltage level is lower than at the higher one.
- the relation of the voltages at the two partial capacitors is therefore preferably set by appropriate dimensioning of the protective choke.
- the protective choke must be dimensioned about three times as large as would be necessary with a view to reducing the steepness of the discharge current of the protective capacitor; With capacitors of approximately the same capacitance, a voltage ratio of approximately 1: 3 can then be set.
- the charging capacitor of the auxiliary rectifier additionally receives energy from the main rectifier. If the charging capacitor consists of two partial capacitors, one of them receives additional energy if the protective capacitor is charged when the main transistor is blocked.
- the protective capacitor is preferably dimensioned in such a way that this additional energy is at least sufficient to control the main transistor.
- the other partial capacitor is then charged with part of the energy of the protective capacitor through the protective inductor, which in turn loads the two partial capacitors in series connection, with the main transistor turned on.
- the additional rectifier does not need to supply the energy supplied to the partial capacitors via the protective capacitor, which can be dimensioned correspondingly smaller. It is particularly expedient to connect the additional rectifier to the feeding AC voltage network using appropriately small capacitors: In this way, the low supply voltages for the electronics of the control section can be generated almost loss-free even if only an AC voltage network with a relatively high voltage is available.
- the main transistor is only switched on when the current through the charging choke is already present. Zero is: The main transistor is then not loaded by a reverse current of the decoupling diode or a residual current of the charging choke, for which this results in the smallest rating for a given power.
- conventional control sets and two-position controllers preferably switch at a size other than zero, the signal proportional to the current through the charging inductor is fed to them via a delaying RC element, which is dimensioned such that the signal required for reversing the main transistor is reached when the current through the charging choke is zero.
- the power supply device is preferably used to supply an inverter to which a series resonance circuit is connected and the capacitor of which is connected in parallel to a discharge lamp can then be operated with a relatively high-frequency voltage, whereby on the one hand a high luminous efficacy can be achieved and on the other hand a small reactance is sufficient to limit the current.
- An almost sinusoidal current load of the AC voltage network can also be achieved if the tax rate is designed as a two-point controller and an actual value is supplied to it, which is derived from the unsmoothed rectified AC network voltage.
- the DC intermediate circuit proposed here with a storage capacitor prevents the lamp operating voltage from being modulated with the frequency of the AC mains voltage, resulting in a more stable discharge with higher light output.
- FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of the power supply unit, in which the inverter W connected to it and the control part X are shown as a block
- FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of the inverter W
- FIG. 3 shows a circuit diagram of the control part X, in addition in FIGS whose function particularly important circuit parts of other figures are shown with their terminals (1 to 16).
- the storage capacitor C18 is connected on the one hand via a blocking inductor L1, the charging diode D27 and the charging inductor L4, and on the other hand via a measuring resistor R33 to a main rectifier G1 in a two-way circuit, which is fed by an AC voltage network N and at its terminals 1, 4 an essential unsmoothed tension provides: Already the absence of a Charging capacitor at this point leads to a more favorable course of the mains current.
- the signal at the measuring resistor R33 located between the main transistor V6 and the storage capacitor C18 on the one hand and the main rectifier G1 on the other hand is fed via a delay element (resistor R27 and capacitor C14) to the input 7 of the control part X, which consists of a monitoring part and there is a regulator; the latter controls the main transistor V6 as a switch: when the main transistor V6 is switched on, the inductor L4 charges and delays the capacitor C14 until its voltage reaches the setpoint, which is fed to the controller of the control part X via the terminals 1 and 4 and the shape of an unsmoothed one rectified AC voltage: The current drawn from the network thus has a sinusoidal profile on average.
- the controller switches off the main transistor V6: the reactor L4 then outputs its energy via the charging diode D27 to the storage capacitor C18, the voltage of which in the meantime had dropped somewhat as a result of the load from the inverter W.
- the signal at the measuring resistor R33 and - with a delay - the signal at the capacitor C14 decrease.
- the delay element R27 / C14 is dimensioned so that the voltage at C14 reaches the lower switchover point of the controller when the current through the charging inductor L4 has become zero, that is, it has been completely magnetized back: When V6 is then switched on, this transi thus disturbs neither a residual current of the charging inductor L4 nor a reverse current of the diode D27, so that there are practically no switch-on losses.
- the protective capacitor C17 is used to limit the voltage rise at the blocked main transistor V6 and is connected in parallel to the switching path of this transistor and the measuring resistor R33 via the decoupling diode D9 and a capacitor C8:
- the protective capacitor C17 charges via L4, D9 and thereby delays the rise in the blocking voltage at the switching path of the main transistor V6, so that only a small power loss occurs.
- the operating voltages for the control part X are from the. Supplied rectifier G2, which is connected to the AC network N via capacitors C6, C7 and which feeds the partial capacitors C8 and C9 in series connection; the connection point of these two capacitors lies at the negative terminal 4 of the main rectifier G1, so that they supply a positive or a negative operating voltage.
- the partial capacitor C8 is also connected to the main rectifier G1 via the decoupling diode D9, the protective capacitor C17 and the charging inductor L4, and thus receives an additional charge from the main rectifier when the main transistor V6 is blocked and C17 charges C17 is dimensioned as large at 300 pF, that this additional charge of C8 is sufficient for the subsequent control of the main transistor. Additional rectifiers and capacitors C6, C7 are therefore only dimensioned for the remaining power requirements of the controller and monitoring section.
- the other partial capacitor C9 is connected via the protective inductor L9 and the protective capacitor C17 in parallel to the switching path of the main transistor V6 and the measuring resistor R33;
- the discharge current of the protective capacitor C17 flows through this circuit and thus via C9 when the main transistor V6 is turned on, which in this case charges the partial capacitor C9.
- the partial capacitor C9 with approximately 3 V has to deliver a substantially lower voltage than the partial capacitor C8 with approximately 8 V, both capacitors have approximately the same capacitance (approximately 50 ⁇ F).
- the different voltages are set during operation by appropriate dimensioning of the protective choke L9: the latter is dimensioned about three times as large as would be necessary to delay the rise sufficiently.
- the recharging of the partial capacitor C9 when the protective capacitor C17 is discharged via the main transistor V6 is namely significantly less than the charge of the partial capacitor C8 when the protective capacitor C17 is charged.
- Such a coordination of the time constants is a prerequisite that a complete charge or discharge of C17 is guaranteed in the associated switching cycles of V6.
- the energy stored in the protective choke L9 is finally discharged via the diode D9 and the two partial capacitors C8 and C9 in series connection. This discharge process is irrelevant for the voltage relation across the partial capacitors, since it affects both capacitors to the same extent.
- the energy of the protective choke L9 is thus used to supply the electronics and does not burden the main transistor V6.
- some diodes D30 or a zener diode are connected, which the voltage at V6 of the discharge current from C17 to V6 When switching on the device (C18 uncharged; very high “short circuit current”) limit to a harmless value, which is, however, above the maximum possible voltage value at R33 during operation.
- a swinging diode D42 is also connected in anti-parallel to the main transistor and the measuring resistor R33;
- the "invisible" capacitances (the choke, the diodes, etc.) can discharge past the main transistor V6 via these.
- the storage capacitor C18 is connected in parallel with the main transistor V6 via the charging diode D27 and a small blocking inductor L1 (approx. 1 ⁇ H): This reduces the voltage gradient at C18 and thus the HF interference voltage that would otherwise be emitted via the lamp L.
- the inverter according to FIG 2 contains two transistors V7, V8 connected in series between its terminals 11, 8.
- Parallel to the switching path of the transistor V7 is a series resonance circuit with the choke L7 and the capacitor C23 in series with a switching capacitor C22 and the primary winding L81 of a saturation transformer T8 with secondary windings L82, L83, L84 and L85.
- the discharge lamp L is arranged in parallel with the capacitor C23, so that its electrodes 11, 12 are connected in series with the series resonant circuit.
- the parallel circuit comprising a capacitor and a diode C26, D46 and C27, D47 is arranged in parallel with each electrode.
- the diodes are polarized so that either the anodes or the cathodes of both diodes are located on the ends of the electrodes 11, 12 connected to the capacitor C23 of the series resonant circuit.
- a control set St known per se, of which only, is used for alternating control of the transistors V7, V8 the secondary windings L83, L84 of the saturation transformer T8 are shown: this results in an alternating charge of the reversing capacitor C22 via V8 from C18 and then a discharge via V7.
- the operating frequency of the inverter, determined by the saturation transformer, is slightly above the resonance frequency of the series resonance circuit: This creates a gap between the reversal of V7 and V8.
- a delayed start-up of the inverter is ensured with the help of a capacitor C19, which is only charged when the controller (V6) is working: If there is sufficient voltage at C19, V8 is controlled by a trigger diode D34 and C19 is then discharged again (sufficient energy for cold start ).
- the capacitor C19 is in turn connected in parallel via a capacitor C20 and a diode D32 to the switching path of the main transistor V6 and can therefore only be charged to a value sufficient for the inverter to oscillate when the controller is clocked properly.
- the capacitor C20 is connected in parallel with the protective capacitor C17 via a resistor R40: the energy of C20 therefore serves, like that of C17, to charge the partial capacitors C8 and C9.
- the saturation transformer T8 has two further secondary windings L82, L85; A current-dependent shutdown is effected via L82 and an increase in the operating frequency of the inverter is effected via L85 in the start-up phase (cf. FIG. 3). The latter results in a lamp voltage which, even at high ambient temperatures, is not sufficient to ignite it, so that sufficient lamp preheating is also ensured in this case.
- the Short circuit of L85 is canceled at the end of the start-up phase: With * operating frequency, the lamp voltage then rises to a value that is sufficient for reliable ignition even at 0 ° C ambient temperature.
- the heating power that is not required in continuous operation is disruptive.
- this is reduced considerably by the diodes D46, D47: namely, the voltage at the emitting electrode is limited to the threshold value of the diode (approximately 1 volt) and the power consumption of the ignited lamp is thus significantly reduced.
- the unlimited voltage of the emitting electrode is about six times greater than the threshold value of the diode, whereas the voltage of the non-emitting electrode is only about 2 volts anyway.
- the control part X shown in FIG 3 consists of a
- Controller (left of the dotted line) and a monitoring part; the controller is constructed as a two-point controller and has a comparator V13 at its heart, the output of which is connected via a resistor R25 to a terminal K to which a positive operating voltage can be switched.
- V13 controls a transistor V4, the collector of which is connected to the base of a further transistor V5, via which the control current of the main transistor V6 is then passed.
- V5 The basis of V5 is also based on the tap of a voltage divider with resistors R31, R30, R24, R18 and R2, which is connected between positive terminal K and terminal 4, which is at zero potential, and which supplies the setpoint for comparator V13;
- the resistor R2 drops across the terminal 1 and the resistor R1 * a signal dependent on the rectified mains voltage is supplied.
- the hysteresis of the two-position controller is determined by connecting the collector of transistor V4 to a tap on this voltage divider:
- transistor V4 is turned on, taps the voltage divider at the negative input of the comparator via diode D22 to the negative terminal 3 and blocks the transistors V5 and V6 by negative potential at their bases.
- the lower response limit value of the comparator V13 is thereby set to a small positive value via D23 and R30, which is practically independent of the course of the setpoint at 1.
- the switch-on point of the main transistor V6 is independent of the course of the setpoint and can be set such that V6 only switches on when the current through the charging inductor L4 is zero.
- the task of the monitoring part in FIG. 3 is to ensure adequate lamp preheating and to block the main transistor V6 with certainty under certain critical operating conditions.
- the latter is achieved with the aid of a transistor V3, which interrupts the operating voltage of the regulator (except the end transistor V5).
- Such blocking of the power supply is necessary as long as the partial capacitors C8 and 09 have not yet reached their operating voltage after switching on the device, since then no clear control of the main transistor V6 in switching operation is guaranteed;
- the inverter is overloaded or idling, switch off and limit the voltage when operating with a lamp with insufficient power.
- the transistor V3 is used to switch off the controller, via which the positive operating voltage at terminal 2 can be switched to the controller (terminal K).
- This transistor receives its control current from a further transistor V2, the base of which is connected to a voltage divider R8, R9 connected between 2 and a diode D17 and whose emitter is connected to a Zener diode D13 which is connected via a resistor R3 between 2 and 4.
- Zener diode and voltage divider are dimensioned such that transistor V2 is only turned on when the voltage across the capacitor C8 has reached a minimum value required for operation. In this. Case is the potential the base of V2 is sufficiently larger than that at the emitter, which is determined by the Zener diode D13: this makes the transistors V2 and V3 conductive and the supply voltage for the controller is at K.
- transistor V4 of the regulator is turned on via diode D17 and resistor R25 and thus V5 and V6 are blocked.
- V3 remains on as long as there is negative potential at the output of the comparator V12 and transistor V17 is thereby blocked via diode D62.
- This switching state characterizes normal operation, in which the potential at the output of comparator 12 is determined by the voltage at partial capacitor C9 (terminal 3), since in normal operation the voltage of zener diode D13 at the negative input is normally greater than that at the positive input.
- the comparator V12 only switches over (positive potential at the output) when the voltage at its positive input becomes greater than the voltage at the Zener diode D13: Then V17 receives a control current via R60 and blocks the transistors V2, V3 and via this also V5 and the Main transistor V6.
- transistor V10 which is blocked in normal operation, is turned on via R13, thereby short-circuiting winding L82 of transformer T8 via diode D41.
- the transistors V7, V8 of the inverter thus no longer receive a control voltage and block.
- the capacitor C11 is simultaneously discharged to such an extent that there is no immediate shutdown when the device is started up again.
- the shutdown described is dependent on the voltage across the capacitors C11 and C10, which are discharged via R14 and charged via the diode D41 and resistor R41 with a voltage generated by the secondary winding L82 of the transformer T8 in the inverter
- FIG 2 is delivered and the. is proportional to the current through (particularly high when the lamp is not ignited, the series resonance circuit is not damped).
- V12 voltage divider R12, D16 and R14
- Zener diode D13 the negative input
- Capacitors C10 and R14 are dimensioned in such a way that a rapid succession of fewer start pulses - starting a new lamp - does not lead to switch-off any more than a larger number of pulses with a greater distance (start of an old lamp).
- capacitors C26 and C27 are provided in parallel to the electrodes 11, 12 and are dimensioned such that the current flowing when the lamp is missing is above the response limit value.
- the reactance of the capacitors C26 and C27 is approximately ten times the resistance of an electrode at the average operating frequency of approximately 40 kHz.
- the switching path of which is connected to resistor R2 is connected in parallel in the voltage divider at the input of the comparator V13 of the controller: Therefore, if the voltage at C18 exceeds a value specified by the dimensioning of the voltage divider R5, R6 and the Zener diode D12, then V1 becomes conductive and thus the one supplied to the comparator via its negative input, im other setpoint dependent on the voltage at 1 more or less greatly reduced. In this way, the voltage of the storage capacitor is limited to a predetermined value.
- a switching device S is also controlled, of which only one transistor is shown, with the aid of which the secondary winding L85 of the saturation transformer T8 can be short-circuited; the switching path of this transistor lies between the direct current clamps and the winding L85 between the. AC terminals of a rectifier bridge (see FIG 2).
- the transistor V18 is turned on, for example, by a monostable multivibrator as soon as the inverter starts to work and a voltage occurs at C11.
- the winding L85 is then short-circuited, so that the inverter oscillates at a higher frequency and the voltage on the lamp is thus reduced to a value which is insufficient for ignition.
- the inverters are to be connected in parallel by connecting the terminals 4, 8, 11, 13 and 14 with the same names in FIG. 1.
- the special circuit part to the right of the dash-dotted line in FIG. 3 is to be provided twice in this case, the terminals 4, 5 and 10 of this second circuit part having to be connected to the terminals of the same inverter with the same designation.
- Terminals 15 and 16 of the second special circuit section are to be connected to terminals 15 'and 16' of the common monitoring section (on the left of the dash-dotted line):
- this circuit ensures that each of the two inverters is switched off individually in accordance with the criteria explained above. After switching off one of the two inverters, however, the controller must be given a new setpoint in order to avoid an inadmissible increase in the voltage on the capacitor C18.
- resistor R2 in the voltage divider at the input of comparator V13 is connected in parallel with a transistor V16, which is controlled by a comparator V15: The negative input of V15 is at R50 at a high positive potential, so that negative potential is at the output and V16 is therefore normally blocked is.
- V15 switches over and controls VI6 when one of the two inverters is switched off, because in this case the negative input of V15 via the activated transistor V10 and one of the two special circuit parts Diode D52 or diode D51 is set to zero potential (terminal 4).
Landscapes
- Rectifiers (AREA)
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT81900980T ATE8954T1 (de) | 1980-04-15 | 1981-04-14 | Stromversorgungsgeraet. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3014472 | 1980-04-15 | ||
DE3014472A DE3014472C2 (de) | 1980-04-15 | 1980-04-15 | Stromversorgungsgerät |
DE19803029656 DE3029656C2 (de) | 1980-08-05 | 1980-08-05 | Stromversorgungsgerät |
DE3029656 | 1980-08-05 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0050132A1 true EP0050132A1 (de) | 1982-04-28 |
EP0050132B1 EP0050132B1 (de) | 1984-08-08 |
Family
ID=25784971
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP81900980A Expired EP0050132B1 (de) | 1980-04-15 | 1981-04-14 | Stromversorgungsgerät |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0050132B1 (de) |
FI (1) | FI72015C (de) |
IT (1) | IT1137329B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1981003103A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH670340A5 (de) * | 1985-08-19 | 1989-05-31 | Hasler Ag Ascom |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3969652A (en) * | 1974-01-04 | 1976-07-13 | General Electric Company | Electronic ballast for gaseous discharge lamps |
-
1981
- 1981-04-10 IT IT21037/81A patent/IT1137329B/it active
- 1981-04-14 EP EP81900980A patent/EP0050132B1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-04-14 WO PCT/DE1981/000059 patent/WO1981003103A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1981-04-15 FI FI811180A patent/FI72015C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8103103A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI72015C (fi) | 1987-03-09 |
FI72015B (fi) | 1986-11-28 |
WO1981003103A1 (en) | 1981-10-29 |
EP0050132B1 (de) | 1984-08-08 |
IT8121037A0 (it) | 1981-04-10 |
IT1137329B (it) | 1986-09-10 |
FI811180L (fi) | 1981-10-16 |
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