EP0049454B1 - Elektrostatische Filtervorrichtung zur Reinigung von Gasen - Google Patents

Elektrostatische Filtervorrichtung zur Reinigung von Gasen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0049454B1
EP0049454B1 EP81107704A EP81107704A EP0049454B1 EP 0049454 B1 EP0049454 B1 EP 0049454B1 EP 81107704 A EP81107704 A EP 81107704A EP 81107704 A EP81107704 A EP 81107704A EP 0049454 B1 EP0049454 B1 EP 0049454B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
gas
filter medium
air
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81107704A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0049454A3 (en
EP0049454A2 (de
Inventor
Manfred R. Burger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TRANSBET AG
Original Assignee
TRANSBET AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TRANSBET AG filed Critical TRANSBET AG
Priority to AT81107704T priority Critical patent/ATE8848T1/de
Publication of EP0049454A2 publication Critical patent/EP0049454A2/de
Publication of EP0049454A3 publication Critical patent/EP0049454A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0049454B1 publication Critical patent/EP0049454B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/36—Controlling flow of gases or vapour
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/14—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by the additional use of mechanical effects, e.g. gravity
    • B03C3/155—Filtration

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic filter device for cleaning gases according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular for air purification with a microporous filter medium, in particular an activated carbon filter, installed in a filter housing.
  • electrostatic air cleaning devices in which an at least slightly conductive microporous filter medium, in particular an activated carbon filter, for example in the form of a flat one, in the air flow between an air inlet and an air outlet in the filter housing Filter layer is arranged.
  • the activated carbon filter is connected on the air outflow side to the one source pole of a high voltage source; the other pole of this high-voltage source is connected to an ionization device, which is arranged in the air flow in front of the filter medium, for example in the form of tensioned wires or thin saw blades, and ionizes the contaminated air entering the filter housing before it passes through the activated carbon filter.
  • the activated carbon filter acts as a very large second source pole of an electrostatic field between the ionization device and the inner surface of the activated carbon filter.
  • Gas cleaning devices of this known type are characterized by an extremely high degree of efficiency, so that air-polluting constituents, even in a very small particle size, can be retained largely completely and over long periods in the electrostatic activated carbon filter medium.
  • the known air purification devices are designed for a variably adjustable air throughput of, for example, 100 to 1000 m 3 / h.
  • air flow rates in order to avoid excessive noise generation due to excessive pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides of the filter, it is necessary to dimension the filter cross-sectional area on the upstream and downstream sides of the filter sufficiently large.
  • drum-shaped filter elements or plate filter elements which can be produced more cheaply are used, which are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the filter housing and in such a way that the gas is deflected from the gas inlet at the filter housing to the gas outlet in the region of the filter medium.
  • the ionizing device in the form of tensioned wires or to increase the detachment of ions in the form of tensioned saw blades then lies in a plane parallel to the gas inlet direction and between the filter plates.
  • the distance between the ionizing device and the inflow surface of the filter medium is always constant, so that the strength of the electrostatic field is distributed approximately uniformly over the entire filter surface.
  • the ionization device lies in the axis of the filter tube or in the center plane between a pair of filter plates in parallel or in a plane parallel to the filter plate if only one filter plate element is used.
  • the contaminated and cleanable gas entering the interior on the gas inflow side of the filter medium contains dirt particles, dust, bacteria, etc., which are ionized to a greater or lesser extent by the ionization device lying before the gas enters the filter medium.
  • the ionized particles then run under the action of the electrostatic field between the ionization device and the filter medium or under the action of the fan through a more or less strongly curved parabolic trajectory until they land on or in the filter medium and are held in place by electrostatic forces in the filter medium.
  • the air flow rate can be changed, for example, by a stepless regulation of the fan output in a ratio of 1: 4, so that a wide range of different types of applications could be covered with regard to an optimal air flow rate.
  • a filter layer for applications where the lowest possible noise development with sufficient air purification is important, which has a loose packing density of the active filter material, i.e. the activated carbon lying in the ionizing high-voltage field.
  • the air throughput pressure at the filter medium would not increase excessively, so that a pressure difference of, for example, 15 mmWs can be ensured between the upstream and downstream sides of the filter layer. With this small pressure difference, no disturbing noise development can be observed.
  • this solution would in turn require the production and storage of different filter media, namely those with a low packing density of the active material for use, for example, in living rooms, waiting rooms, doctor's offices, etc. and those with a high packing density for applications, for example in the industrial sector.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving gas cleaning devices, in particular air cleaning devices of the type mentioned at the outset, in such a way that a largely uniform separation of pollutants occurs over the entire filter surface and simple and cost-effective production is possible, so that the same device assemblies can be used for the most varied of fields of application .
  • An electrostatic filter device according to the invention of the type described above has the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.
  • the inventive increasing reduction in the distance between the ionization device, seen from the gas inflow side ensures that the electrostatic field forces from the entry of the gas into the interior of the filter on the gas inflow side become increasingly larger before the gas enters the filter medium. This ensures two things: on the one hand, the dirt separation over the filter surface is more even, on the other hand, for example when using a suction fan, the negative pressure on the outside towards the end of the filter path becomes too great, so that the particles are drawn more strongly into the filter.
  • the curvature of the flight parabola of the particles is curved on the one hand by the increasing electrostatic field and on the other hand by the increasing suction, so that it is ensured that practically all particles have already reached the filter surface and disappeared in the filter before the end of the upstream side the filter surface is reached.
  • This makes it possible to arrange a vacuum flap on the side of the smaller cross-sectional area of the inflow channel of the conically tapering filter without a noteworthy side stream of gas that has not yet been cleaned because all the ionized particles have already entered the filter due to the strengthening field.
  • an adjustable wall element or a foldable wall element (vacuum flap) is above all that the filter can be operated with a lower pressure difference between the gas inflow side and the gas outflow side, which contributes significantly to the quieter mode of operation and enables higher air throughputs at the same noise level.
  • air pollution air pollution
  • an easily replaceable one can be added on the gas inflow side of the electrostatic microporous filter layer
  • Glass filter or glass fiber filter layer can be provided.
  • This easy-to-clean glass filter enables a significantly longer operating time for the microporous filter because coarser dirt particles are kept away by the glass filter.
  • This glass pre-filter is particularly recommended for industrial applications with high air pollution. The glass pre-filter can be easily replaced and washed out.
  • FIG. 1 and the sectional views of FIGS. 2 and 3 show an air cleaning device with a filter housing 1, which is provided on the inlet side A for the unpurified air and on the outlet side B for the cleaned air with a grid-like screen 2.
  • a grounded protective grille 3 follows the screen 2 before the air enters the interior 12 between a total of four plate-like activated carbon filter elements 7 under the suction effect of one or more fans 5. Holding and carrying handles on the top of the device are specified with reference note 4.
  • the upper cover wall of the housing 1 is subdivided into a wall section 13a firmly connected to the rest of the housing and into a removable wall part 13b which can be fixed to the inner frame 15 of the housing 1 by means of screw elements 14 or the like.
  • a holding and guiding frame 16 for the plate filter elements 7 is connected to the removable wall part 13b and, when the plate filter elements 7 are pushed in, delimits the interior space 12 which is only open on the air inflow side A.
  • the holding and guiding frame 16 has a front frame part 17 on the air inflow side A, which is opposed by an end plate 11 on the opposite side.
  • the front frame part 17 and the end plate 11 are connected to one another by a base plate 19 which carries guide rails 18a which run in the longitudinal direction of the filter housing and which are matched on the upper side by corresponding guide rails 18b which are fastened to an insulating plate 20 which is connected to the upper removable housing wall part 13b , for example screwed or glued.
  • the holding and guide frame 16 with the front frame part 17, the base plate 19, the upper insulating plate 20 and the upper insulating plate 20 fastened to the removable upper wall part 13b forms an upper plate which can be pulled out of the filter housing 1 Filter unit.
  • This filter unit is held in the housing 1 in guide rails 6 and 21, the guide rail 6 interacting with the vertical outer edges of the end plate 11 and the guide rails 21 with the vertical outer edges of the front frame part 17, as can be clearly seen in FIG. 2.
  • the ionization device which in the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3 consists of tensioned individual saw blade elements 8 running in the vertical direction.
  • These saw blade elements 8 are stretched over small tension springs 9 between a lower rail 10 fastened to the base plate 19 and an upper rail 22 connected to the upper insulating plate 20.
  • the use of saw blade elements results in a robust, vibration-free construction for the ionization device and, thanks to the numerous sharp sawtooth edges, ensures a high degree of ionization for the contaminated air flowing into the interior of the filter unit.
  • the guide rails 18a and 18b and thus also the surfaces of the filter elements 7 do not run exactly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the device or not parallel to the housing wall surfaces of the housing 1.
  • the guide rails 18a, 18b are inclined by an angle t ⁇ against the horizontal or against the longitudinal axis of the housing 1, so that on the air inflow side A there is a larger cross section of the interior between the filter elements 7 than on the upstream side A. and closed by the end plate 11 side of the interior 12.
  • the filter plate elements 7 are thus offset obliquely by the angle n in the filter housing 1.
  • This inclined position of the filter plate elements 7 narrows the flow cross-section on the one hand from the air inlet side A to the end plate 11, but on the other hand the Distance I between the saw blade elements 8 and the air inflow surface of the filter plate elements 7 are continuously smaller, ie the greatest value for I results for the saw blade element closest to the air inlet A or the protective grille 3, while the distance 1 is the smallest for the last saw blade element closest to the end plate 11 is.
  • This inclination of the filter plate elements 7 in the filter housing 1 achieves two things: On the one hand, there is an increasingly stronger suction on the downstream side of the filter elements 7 or a corresponding pressure in the interior 12 from the air inlet A to the end plate 11, so that the pressure in the interior Dirt particles containing air flow move on an increasingly curved path in the interior 12.
  • the field forces are increasing from inlet A to the end plate 11, so that practically all dirt particles that enter through the protective grille 3 into the interior 12 have disappeared in the filter elements 7 before the air flow the rear end of the room 12, i. H. has reached the end plate 11.
  • This inclination of the filter elements 7 significantly improves the efficiency of the gas cleaning device.
  • one or the other or both wall elements 23 can be removed.
  • this adjustment device for the air throughput pressure the level of possible noise can also be set to a desired value.
  • the noise development in the filter depends - as mentioned above - primarily on the air flow pressure at the filter elements 7.
  • the adjusting device thus pushes the wall elements 23 into the guide rails 18a, 18b and lock that at maximum air throughput there is an air throughput pressure between the inflow side and the outflow side of the filter elements 7 of at most 20 mm water column.
  • the wall elements 23 will be pushed in completely or at least to such an extent that the entire air throughput will pass essentially completely through the filter elements 7 even with the fans 5 at full power got to.
  • the saw blade elements 8 forming the ionization device are connected to the one pole, for example the negative pole of a DC high-voltage source 24, which is illustrated only schematically in FIG. 2 by a block.
  • the construction of the electrical circuit of the high voltage source 24 is of a conventional type.
  • the other pole of the high voltage source 24, for example the positive pole is directly connected to the downstream surface of the filter elements 7, i. H. galvanically connected.
  • this downstream connection of the filter elements 7, which are otherwise electrically insulated in the housing 1 achieves a largely complete field implementation of the filter elements 7, i. H. the ionizing and electrostatically attractive field extends between the saw blade elements 8 of the ionization device and the entire inner surface of the filter elements 7 consisting of activated carbon.
  • FIG. 3 shows that the removable filter unit forming the holding and guiding frame 16 with the housing wall part 13b is contacted in the inserted state on the underside via two plug connections 25, via which the connection of the ionizing device with the saw blade elements on the one hand and the downstream side of the filter plate elements on the other hand. If the filter unit is pulled out of the housing 1, the high-voltage connection via the plug connection 25 is automatically interrupted. At the same time, the short-circuiting of the high voltage takes place via a short-circuit switching connection (not shown in the drawings) with a microswitch, so that any static charges are completely eliminated before the filter unit can be pulled out of the housing 1.
  • the angle a, through which the filter plate elements 7 in the housing 1 are inclined in the manner shown against the horizontal, is between 1 and approximately 15 °, preferably approximately 4 to 7 °.
  • FIG. 4 and 5 show two different variants for the construction of the filter elements 7.
  • the filter medium F consisting of granulated activated carbon material is enclosed between two cover layers, of which the Inlet side A, that is to say the perforated cover layer 26 provided on the upstream side, consists of an insulating material, for example of resin-impregnated paper material, while the perforated cover layer 27 arranged on the downstream side B consists of metal, for example of tempered iron sheet or perforated aluminum sheet.
  • the one pole of the high-voltage source 24 that is to say, for example, the positive pole with the metallic cover layer 27 located downstream, is direct, ie. H. galvanically connected.
  • the design of the filter element 7 shown in FIG. 5 corresponds completely to that of FIG. 4 with the only difference that on the upstream side A there is a relatively thin pre-filter layer 28 made of a gas-permeable glass material as a supplementary measure.
  • This pre-filter layer 28 can be held and guided independently of the filter elements 7 in the guide rails 18a, 18b and can be exchanged or washed out if necessary.
  • the glass filter layer 28 then acts as a prefilter when there is a strong indoor air load, by means of which a longer service life of the activated carbon filter elements 27 can be ensured.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show two alternative embodiments for the case of round filter elements 7 '.
  • the ionization device which is occupied at approximately equal intervals with disc-shaped ionization elements 8', which can be circular saw blade elements, round brush elements or the like. 6
  • the diameter of the filter element 7 ' decreases continuously from the front inflow side A to the rear end, so that the same effect is achieved as with the inclined position of the filter plate elements 7 in the embodiment of the invention according to FIGS. 1 to 3 .
  • the diameter of the filter element 7 ' is constant over the entire length of this element, but the diameter of the ionizing elements 8' increases continuously from the inflow side A to the rear end, so that the forces of the electrostatic field, which also here between the ionization device 8 'and the filter element 7', continuously increase from the inflow side Az to the rear end.
  • FIG. 8 to 10 show various possible embodiments of the regulating device for the air throughput pressure.
  • the rear end plate 11 is replaced by a pivotable or rotatable flap 30.
  • a desired air throughput pressure can in turn be set, the level of possible noise being reduced or increased at the same time depending on the degree of opening of the flap 30.
  • the adjustment device for the air throughput consists of a plate element 31 which is pivotally mounted at its lower end.
  • the pivoting angle of the plate element 31 can be read off on a scale 32, so that an adjustment angle for the plate element 31 can be predetermined depending on the area of application which the device user can easily set himself.
  • FIG. 10 shows another very simple solution for the adjustment device for the air throughput, which essentially consists of an adjustment plate 34 which is guided and held in prefabricated grooves 33.
  • the secondary air flow rate can then be determined by adjusting the distance of the adjustment plate 34 from the filter element 7.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show that the invention can also be implemented when only a single filter plate element 7 is used.
  • This filter plate element 7 is also inclined with respect to the housing walls in the housing, so that the distance between the inflow surface of the filter plate element 7 and the sawtooth blades 8 of the ionizing device from the inflow side A to the adjustable or pivotable plate element 31 or 34 is continuously reduced.
  • a significant improvement in the efficiency of electrostatic filter devices with microporous filter media located in the high-voltage field was achieved with the invention, essentially by an increasing narrowing of the inflow channel for the gas to be cleaned before it entered the filter medium.
  • the air throughput pressure can be regulated by an additional adjusting device, so that the filter device can be operated with less noise.
  • the invention enables the use of the same assemblies, such as housing filter elements, high-voltage devices, fans, etc., for a wide range of possible uses, so that inexpensive production can be achieved.

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
EP81107704A 1980-10-01 1981-09-28 Elektrostatische Filtervorrichtung zur Reinigung von Gasen Expired EP0049454B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81107704T ATE8848T1 (de) 1980-10-01 1981-09-28 Elektrostatische filtervorrichtung zur reinigung von gasen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3037115 1980-10-01
DE3037115 1980-10-01

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0049454A2 EP0049454A2 (de) 1982-04-14
EP0049454A3 EP0049454A3 (en) 1982-06-09
EP0049454B1 true EP0049454B1 (de) 1984-08-08

Family

ID=6113366

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81107704A Expired EP0049454B1 (de) 1980-10-01 1981-09-28 Elektrostatische Filtervorrichtung zur Reinigung von Gasen

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0049454B1 (es)
AT (1) ATE8848T1 (es)
DE (1) DE3165420D1 (es)
ES (1) ES8206217A1 (es)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3707938A1 (de) * 1987-03-12 1988-09-22 Paul J M Haufe Vorrichtung zur aufbereitung, insbesondere filtrierung, der raumluft
DE202005004151U1 (de) * 2005-03-15 2006-07-27 Keller Lufttechnik Gmbh + Co. Kg Vorrichtung zur Abscheidung von flüssigen Partikeln aus einem Gasstrom

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6223407A (ja) * 1985-06-17 1987-01-31 Fujimasa Kiko Kk 流体中の微小不純物除去方法
GB2177625A (en) * 1985-06-17 1987-01-28 Noboru Inoue Fluid filtering apparatus
DE4216313A1 (de) * 1992-05-16 1993-11-18 Turbon Tunzini Klimatechnik Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Fremdstoffen aus einem gasförmigen Medium
DE4223277C2 (de) * 1992-07-15 2001-07-19 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Partikelentfernung aus Abgasen von Brennkraftmaschinen
SE511329C2 (sv) * 1997-08-06 1999-09-13 Eurus Airtech Ab Anordning för rening av luft
ES2159475B1 (es) * 1999-08-13 2002-04-16 Consejo Superior Investigacion Procedimiento para la eliminacion de compuestos aromaticos en efluentes gaseosos.
GB0221989D0 (en) * 2002-09-21 2002-10-30 Tec Ltd Improvements in and relating to gas cleaning devices
GB0225711D0 (en) * 2002-11-05 2002-12-11 Tec Ltd Improvements in and relating to gas cleaning devices
DE102004053030A1 (de) * 2004-10-30 2006-05-04 Langner, Manfred H. Verfahren zum Herausfiltern von Gerüchen aus einer Luftströmung und Filtervorrichtung mit einem Geruchsfilter
DE102016202293B3 (de) * 2016-02-15 2017-04-27 Wilhelm Bruckbauer Vorrichtung zur Anordnung einer oder mehrerer Elektroden eines Plasmafilters in einem Gehäuse
DE102016104805A1 (de) 2016-03-15 2017-09-21 Manfred H. Langner Luftreinigungsmodul mit einer Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Plasmaerzeugungseinrichtung

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB892908A (en) * 1959-10-31 1962-04-04 Zd Y Na Vyrobu Vzduchotechnick A polarized filter element
DE1632442A1 (de) * 1965-09-07 1970-12-10 Dungler Julien Vorrichtung zur Filtration eines Stroemungsmittels
US3999964A (en) * 1975-03-28 1976-12-28 Carrier Corporation Electrostatic air cleaning apparatus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3707938A1 (de) * 1987-03-12 1988-09-22 Paul J M Haufe Vorrichtung zur aufbereitung, insbesondere filtrierung, der raumluft
DE202005004151U1 (de) * 2005-03-15 2006-07-27 Keller Lufttechnik Gmbh + Co. Kg Vorrichtung zur Abscheidung von flüssigen Partikeln aus einem Gasstrom

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3165420D1 (en) 1984-09-13
ES504616A0 (es) 1982-08-16
ATE8848T1 (de) 1984-08-15
EP0049454A3 (en) 1982-06-09
ES8206217A1 (es) 1982-08-16
EP0049454A2 (de) 1982-04-14

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