EP0046547B1 - Method and means for mooring a ship to a structure - Google Patents

Method and means for mooring a ship to a structure Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0046547B1
EP0046547B1 EP81106328A EP81106328A EP0046547B1 EP 0046547 B1 EP0046547 B1 EP 0046547B1 EP 81106328 A EP81106328 A EP 81106328A EP 81106328 A EP81106328 A EP 81106328A EP 0046547 B1 EP0046547 B1 EP 0046547B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bitt
mooring
mooring hawser
jib
loop
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81106328A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0046547A3 (en
EP0046547A2 (en
Inventor
Hermann Prof. Kaps
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LGA GASTECHNIK GmbH
ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH
Original Assignee
Howaldtswerke Deutsche Werft GmbH
LGA GASTECHNIK GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Howaldtswerke Deutsche Werft GmbH, LGA GASTECHNIK GmbH filed Critical Howaldtswerke Deutsche Werft GmbH
Publication of EP0046547A2 publication Critical patent/EP0046547A2/en
Publication of EP0046547A3 publication Critical patent/EP0046547A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0046547B1 publication Critical patent/EP0046547B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B22/02—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel
    • B63B22/021—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B63B2021/003—Mooring or anchoring equipment, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B2021/005—Resilient passive elements to be placed in line with mooring or towing chains, or line connections, e.g. dampers or springs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and devices provided therefor for mooring a ship to a building. It relates in particular to the mechanical mooring of a tanker at a station standing or floating in the sea for the transfer of oil, liquid gas or similar substances.
  • the invention has for its object to greatly simplify the process of mooring a ship to a sea structure, even under difficult conditions, and to significantly shorten the timing of the mooring, without the need for manual operations and without support from tugs or other auxiliary ships. Furthermore, the high accident risk inherent in the known measures is to be eliminated by the invention.
  • a fixed line of limited finite length is used, which is attached at both ends to the structure, and this fixed line is formed into a large loop above the height of a bollard and as soon as the bollard is in the area below the loop , lowered to the height of the bollard and partially placed around the bollard. Thereafter, a force aimed at increasing the distance between the two fastening points of the fixed line and the bollard wrapped by it is used to tension the fixed line and is maintained to maintain the tension during the mooring period.
  • the size of the loop is chosen so that the bollard can still be brought under the area of the loop even in rough seas and large ship movements.
  • the bollard is expediently located in an exposed position on the bow of the ship and the fixed line is held ready on the outrigger of a lake structure. In the case of smaller sea structures or floating buoys, however, it may be useful to attach a boom to the ship, for example on the bow, and a bollard or a similar fastener on the structure.
  • the fixed line is spread out to form an approximately trapezoidal loop and is held ready at a variable height on the structure, when a ship is approached for mooring in each case to the height dependent on the sea state and ship height up to just above the bollard brought under tension and only then further lowered and loosened over the bollard, so that the fixed line partially wraps around the bollard and its two halves can be stretched in length by increasing the distance between their two attachment points and the bollard.
  • a device for carrying out the method according to the invention has an outrigger when the ship approaches the building, for example via a bollard or a similar fastening device, under which the fixed line to be fastened to the bollard is arranged (as known from FR-A 2 368 399) and is characterized by the fact that the boom is widened according to the shape of the loop of the fixed line to be kept ready, on the extension on both sides of the deflection pulleys are arranged and over the deflection holding or spreading lines are guided, at the lower ends of which the fixed line in blocks by means of blocks Is held in the form of a loop, the fixed line having a finite length and preferably being fastened at two fastening points to a column supporting the boom.
  • the boom is a fork-like spreading boom, on the spreading arms of which deflection rollers for the spreading lines are arranged, the boom being pivotable about a horizontal axis.
  • the boom is preferably pivotable by means of a hanger rope.
  • the arms of the boom are advantageously bent downwards.
  • the spreader lines run over a constant tension device or a similar length compensation device, so that they can adapt in an approximately tensioned state to the height movements of the fixed line attached to a bollard as a result of swell or the like.
  • the ejector is arranged on a sea structure, in particular on the rotatable column of a loading tower for oil or liquid gas, and the fixed line is movably attached to a slewing ring of the same column, while the bollard is attached to a ship, preferably approximately on its bow, located and is arranged on a stage movable in the longitudinal direction of the ship beyond the bow.
  • the boom is expediently located on a structure, such as on the column or the rotatable upper part of a loading tower for oil or liquid gas, and the fixed line is movably attached to this column.
  • the bollard is located on a ship berthing the loading tower, preferably on a stage that can be moved beyond the bow. The stage is advanced during mooring and pulled back into the ship during loading so that it is not exposed to waves.
  • the approach of the ship to the loading tower can be determined and controlled by electronic devices, whereby the occurring distances and ship movements can be continuously checked and compensated. It is also possible to remotely control the lowering of the boom and the release of the spreading lines from the ship.
  • the mooring process can thus be carried out mechanically and without any manual work, even in unfavorable sea conditions and weather conditions.
  • the bollard is designed in the form of a standing drum with an increasing diameter and is rotatably arranged about a vertical axis on a bollard chair which is mounted in the stage so as to be pivotable about a horizontal axis.
  • a z. B known on a buoy to be fastened device with a bollard that can pivot after releasing a lock under the pull of a fixed line around it around a horizontal axis and thereby release the fixed line.
  • the bollard according to an embodiment of the invention is arranged in a swivel bollard in a stage of a ship.
  • a clamping device is additionally arranged, which can clamp the fixed line on the lower part of the bollard.
  • the bollard chair is folded forward, for example, by 85 °, so that the line can slide over the bollard or be lifted off it while the ship is moving away from the loading mast.
  • the fixed line hangs freely as an approximately semicircular loop on a system of holding lines with blocks and compensating rollers on the extension of a column and can be lowered or raised, the holding lines being guided to a winch via deflection rollers , which has drums of different diameters and / or different speeds, which are matched to the changes in length of the various tether when lifting or lowering the fixed line.
  • the bollard can also be arranged on the ship on a foldable stage that is movable about a horizontal axis on the bow. In this case, the stage remains in a horizontal position for the duration of the mooring and is only folded back after the mooring line has been released.
  • This arrangement of the bollard as well as the suspension of the fixed line directly on the boom, which carries the transfer devices for the cargo, can be used if extraordinary, bad weather conditions are not to be expected.
  • the fixed line is at its attachment points via damping devices, for. B. elastic on damping springs and preferably movably attached on all sides so that they follow the movements of the ship caused by swell and can compensate for temporary changes in distance.
  • the column 1 of a loading mast which may be movably anchored in the sea, has a loading arm boom 20 on its rotatable head part 14.
  • the fixed line 5 is by a boom, in the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 by a spreader tree 2, by means of deflecting rollers 9, which are arranged on the loading arm 20, and deflecting rollers 11, which are located on the arms 10, spreading lines 7 and spreading blocks 8 held ready and spread to a loop, the width of z. B. corresponds to the average width of the ships to be moored.
  • the spreading lines 7 can be pulled or released by the winch 12.
  • the spreader tree 2 is pivoted about a horizontal axis 23 via a hanger rope 21 and a winch 22.
  • Its rest position 2a is indicated by dashed lines.
  • the spreader boom 2 is lowered into the fully excellent position.
  • the ship 13 is provided with a stage 15 which can be advanced over the bow and on which the bollard 16 is arranged in a swiveling bollard chair 25. With the stage advanced to position 15a, the bollard 16a is in front of the bow of the ship.
  • the fixed line 5 is lowered over the advanced bollard 16a and tensioned by pulling back the bollard 16 and moving the ship back into position 5a.
  • the sliding stage is shown in Figure 3 posed.
  • the hook-shaped bollard 16, which is rotatable about a vertical axis, has the shape of a standing drum with an increasing diameter. He sits on the bollard 25, which can be pivoted about a horizontal axis of rotation 26 in the stage 15 by means of a hydraulic device 27. It is held in the position shown by a hydraulically moved holding block 28.
  • a pair of clamping brackets 17 is provided on both sides of the bollard 16 and can be pivoted by means of a hydraulic system 18 from a retracted rest position into a vertical operating position, in which the fixed line 5 is clamped to the bollard 16 at the bottom.
  • the stage 15 is displaced via a lever device 19 or in another suitable manner.
  • the loading arm 120 is widened by cross members 110, at the ends of which the guide lines 107 run over deflection rollers 109 and 111 from a winch 112 to blocks 106 on the fixed line 5.
  • the tether lines 107 are partially connected by compensating rollers 108.
  • the fixed line 5, which is initially formed into an approximately semicircular loop at least in its central part, can be lowered into the position 5b shown in FIG. 5, where it wraps around the bollard 16 of the ship 13 shown here and as in FIG. 4 shown, is stretched into position 5b.
  • the mooring line can also be lowered to position 5c if smaller ships are to be moored.
  • a foldable platform 115 is used, which in the rest position can be pivoted upwards about a horizontal axis 114 by means of a hydraulic system 119.
  • the length and width of the trapezoidal or arched loop of the fixed line 5 are many times the largest diameter of the bollard 16. Since the bollard 16 is preferably rotatable, it can be gripped by the fixed line 5 at any point along the circumference of the fixed line and move along it until the line 5 is tensioned. The rotatability of the bollard, which is wrapped only about half of its circumference, also shows that even when the moored ship swoops, the two halves of the fixed line 5 stretched in stretched length are evenly loaded at least when the clamps 17 are loosened.
  • the devices according to the invention can be modified in various ways.
  • the jib holding the fixed line can, for example, also be arranged laterally on the ship in order to lay the line over a bollard or a similar device of a structure in the harbor or a pontoon or another ship. It can be useful to be able to pull the fixed line using a winch.
  • the mooring is done in these cases without dangerous manual work, can be controlled mechanically from the bridge or another control center, is at least partially automated and is faster than the usual mooring.
  • B. first auxiliary lines are caught or fished, with which the line rope is then tightened.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und dafür vorgesehene Vorrichtungen zum Vertäuen eines Schiffes an einem Bauwerk. Sie bezieht sich insbesondere auf das mechanische Festmachen eines Tankers an einer im Meer stehenden oder schwimmenden Station zur Übergabe von Öl, Flüssiggas oder ähnlichen Stoffen.The invention relates to a method and devices provided therefor for mooring a ship to a building. It relates in particular to the mechanical mooring of a tanker at a station standing or floating in the sea for the transfer of oil, liquid gas or similar substances.

Es ist bekannt, ein Schiff mittels einer Festmacheleine an einem Seebauwerk zu vertäuen. Üblicherweise wird eine Hilfsleine, die von einem Ausleger des Bauwerks herabhängt oder aus dem Wasser aufzufischen ist, durch das Personal an Bord geholt und mit ihr die Festmacheleine heraufgezogen und an Bord befestigt (FR-A 2 368 399, FR-A 230 543 und DE-A 2751891). Eine solche Vertäuung ist umständlich, zeitraubend und gefährlich. Bei ungünstigem Wetter und hohem Seegang kann eine Vertäuung auf diese Weise überhaupt unmöglich werden.It is known to moor a ship to a lake structure using a mooring line. Usually, an auxiliary line that hangs from an outrigger of the structure or is to be fished out of the water is fetched on board by the personnel and pulled up with the fixed line and attached on board (FR-A 2 368 399, FR-A 230 543 and DE -A 2751891). Such a mooring is cumbersome, time consuming and dangerous. In unfavorable weather and high seas, mooring can become impossible at all.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Vorgang des Vertäuens eines Schiffes an einem Seebauwerk auch unter erschwerten Bedingungen weitgehend zu vereinfachen und den zeitlichen Ablauf des Vertäuens wesentlich zu verkürzen, ohne daß manuelle Verrichtungen notwendig werden und ohne Unterstützung durch Schlepper oder andere Hilfsschiffe. Ferner soll durch die Erfindung die hohe Unfallgefahr, die den bekannten Maßnahmen anhaftet, beseitigt werden.The invention has for its object to greatly simplify the process of mooring a ship to a sea structure, even under difficult conditions, and to significantly shorten the timing of the mooring, without the need for manual operations and without support from tugs or other auxiliary ships. Furthermore, the high accident risk inherent in the known measures is to be eliminated by the invention.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird eine Festmacheleine begrenzter endlicher Länge verwendet, die an ihren beiden Enden an dem Bauwerk befestigt ist, und diese Festmacheleine wird zu einer großen Schlaufe geformt oberhalb der Höhe eines Pollers bereitgehalten und, sobald sich der Poller im Bereich unterhalb der Schlaufe befindet, auf die Höhe des Pollers abgesenkt und teilweise um den Poller gelegt. Danach wird eine auf eine Vergrößerung des Abstandes zwischen den beiden Befestigungspunkten der Festmacheleine und dem von ihr umschlungenen Poller abzielende Kraft zum Spannen der Festmacheleine angewendet und zur Erhaltung der Spannung während der Dauer der Vertäuung aufrechterhalten.To achieve this object, a fixed line of limited finite length is used, which is attached at both ends to the structure, and this fixed line is formed into a large loop above the height of a bollard and as soon as the bollard is in the area below the loop , lowered to the height of the bollard and partially placed around the bollard. Thereafter, a force aimed at increasing the distance between the two fastening points of the fixed line and the bollard wrapped by it is used to tension the fixed line and is maintained to maintain the tension during the mooring period.

Dabei wird die Größe der Schlaufe so gewählt, daß der Poller auch bei ungünstigem Seegang und großen Schiffsbewegungen noch unter den Bereich der Schlaufe gebracht werden kann. Zweckmäßigerweise befindet sich der Poller an einer exponierten Lage am Bug des Schiffes und die Festmacheleine wird an dem Ausleger eines Seebauwerks bereitgehalten. Bei kleineren Seebauwerken oder schwimmenden Bojen kann es jedoch sinnvoll sein, einen Ausleger am Schiff, beispielsweise am Bug, und einen Poller oder ein ähnliches Befestigungsmittel auf dem Bauwerk anzubringen.The size of the loop is chosen so that the bollard can still be brought under the area of the loop even in rough seas and large ship movements. The bollard is expediently located in an exposed position on the bow of the ship and the fixed line is held ready on the outrigger of a lake structure. In the case of smaller sea structures or floating buoys, however, it may be useful to attach a boom to the ship, for example on the bow, and a bollard or a similar fastener on the structure.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführung des vorstehend beschriebenen Verfahrens wird die Festmacheleine zu einer etwa trapezförmigen Schlaufe gespreizt aufgespannt und in einer veränderlichen Höhe an dem Bauwerk bereitgehalten, bei Annäherung eines Schiffes zur Vertäuung jeweils auf die von Seegang und Schiffshöhe abhängige Höhe bis dicht über den Poller in noch gespanntem Zustand gebracht und erst dann über den Poller weiter abgesenkt und gelockert, so daß die Festmacheleine den Poller teilweise umschlingt und ihre beiden Hälften in gestreckter Länge durch eine Vergrößerung des Abstandes zwischen ihren beiden Befestigungspunkten und dem Poller gespannt werden können.In a preferred embodiment of the method described above, the fixed line is spread out to form an approximately trapezoidal loop and is held ready at a variable height on the structure, when a ship is approached for mooring in each case to the height dependent on the sea state and ship height up to just above the bollard brought under tension and only then further lowered and loosened over the bollard, so that the fixed line partially wraps around the bollard and its two halves can be stretched in length by increasing the distance between their two attachment points and the bollard.

Eine Einrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besitzt einen bei der Annäherung des Schiffes an das Bauwerk etwa über einen Poller oder eine ähnliche Befestigungseinrichtung gelangenden Ausleger, unter dem die am Poller zu befestigende Festmacheleine angeordnet ist, (wie aus FR-A 2 368 399 bekannt) und zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß der Ausleger entsprechend der Form der Schlaufe der bereitzuhaltenden Festmacheleine verbreitert ist, an dem Ausleger an seinen beiden Seiten Umlenkrollen angeordnet sind und über die Umlenkrollen Halte- oder Spreizleinen geführt sind, an deren unteren Enden mittels Blöcken die Festmacheleine in Form einer Schlaufe gehalten ist, wobei die Festmacheleine eine endliche Länge besitzt und an zwei Befestigungspunkten vorzugsweise an einer den Ausleger tragenden Säule befestigt ist.A device for carrying out the method according to the invention has an outrigger when the ship approaches the building, for example via a bollard or a similar fastening device, under which the fixed line to be fastened to the bollard is arranged (as known from FR-A 2 368 399) and is characterized by the fact that the boom is widened according to the shape of the loop of the fixed line to be kept ready, on the extension on both sides of the deflection pulleys are arranged and over the deflection holding or spreading lines are guided, at the lower ends of which the fixed line in blocks by means of blocks Is held in the form of a loop, the fixed line having a finite length and preferably being fastened at two fastening points to a column supporting the boom.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Einrichtung ist der Ausleger ein gabelförmig gespreizter Spreizenbaum, an dessen gespreizten Armen Umlenkrollen für die Spreizleinen angeordnet sind, wobei der Ausleger um eine horizontale Achse schwenkbar ist. Vorzugsweise ist der Ausleger mittels eines Hangerseiles schwenkbar. Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Arme des Auslegers nach unten abgeknickt. Nach dem Festmachen des Schiffes kann der Ausleger mittels der Hangerwinde wieder hochgezogen werden, um den Beladevorgang nicht zu stören. Die Spreizleinen bleiben mit der Festmacheleine verbunden.In a preferred embodiment of the device, the boom is a fork-like spreading boom, on the spreading arms of which deflection rollers for the spreading lines are arranged, the boom being pivotable about a horizontal axis. The boom is preferably pivotable by means of a hanger rope. The arms of the boom are advantageously bent downwards. After the ship has been moored, the jib can be pulled up again using the hanger winch so as not to disrupt the loading process. The spreading lines remain connected to the fixed line.

Die Spreizleinen laufen über eine Konstant-Zug-Einrichtung oder eine ähnliche Längenausgleichseinrichtung, so daß sie sich in annähernd gespanntem Zustand den infolge von Seegang o. ä. entstehenden Höhenbewegungen der an einem Poller befestigten Festmacheleine anpassen können.The spreader lines run over a constant tension device or a similar length compensation device, so that they can adapt in an approximately tensioned state to the height movements of the fixed line attached to a bollard as a result of swell or the like.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführung ist der Ausieger an einem Seebauwerk, insbesondere an der drehbaren Säule eines Ladeturms für Öl oder Flüssiggas angeordnet, und die Festmacheleine ist beweglich an einem Drehkranz derselben Säule befestigt, während der Poller sich an einem Schiff, vorzugsweise etwa an seinem Bug, befindet und auf einer in Längsrichtung des Schiffes über dessen Bug hinaus bewegbaren Bühne angeordnet ist.In a preferred embodiment, the ejector is arranged on a sea structure, in particular on the rotatable column of a loading tower for oil or liquid gas, and the fixed line is movably attached to a slewing ring of the same column, while the bollard is attached to a ship, preferably approximately on its bow, located and is arranged on a stage movable in the longitudinal direction of the ship beyond the bow.

Zweckmäßigerweise befindet sich der Ausleger an einem Bauwerk, wie beispielsweise an der Säule oder dem drehbaren oberen Teil eines Ladeturms für Öl oder Flüssiggas und die Festmacheleine ist beweglich an dieser Säule befestigt. Der Poller befindet sich in diesem Fall auf einem an dem Ladeturm anlegenden Schiff, und zwar vorzugsweise auf einer über den Bug hinaus bewegbaren Bühne. Die Bühne wird während des Festmachens vorgeschoben und während des Ladevorgangs wieder in das Schiff zurückgezogen, so daß sie Wellenschlägen nicht ausgesetzt ist. Die Annäherung des Schiffes an den Ladeturm kann durch elektronische Einrichtungen ermittelt und gesteuert werden, wobei die vorkommenden Abstände und Schiffsbewegungen laufend überprüft und ausgeglichen werden können. Es ist ferner möglich, auch das Absenken des Auslegers und das Lösen der Spreizleinen vom Schiff aus fernzusteuern. Der Vorgang des Festmachens kann somit mechanisch und ohne jegliche Handarbeit, auch bei ungünstigen Seegangs- und Witterungsverhältnissen, erfolgen.The boom is expediently located on a structure, such as on the column or the rotatable upper part of a loading tower for oil or liquid gas, and the fixed line is movably attached to this column. In this case, the bollard is located on a ship berthing the loading tower, preferably on a stage that can be moved beyond the bow. The stage is advanced during mooring and pulled back into the ship during loading so that it is not exposed to waves. The approach of the ship to the loading tower can be determined and controlled by electronic devices, whereby the occurring distances and ship movements can be continuously checked and compensated. It is also possible to remotely control the lowering of the boom and the release of the spreading lines from the ship. The mooring process can thus be carried out mechanically and without any manual work, even in unfavorable sea conditions and weather conditions.

Der Poller ist in Form einer stehenden Trommel mit nach oben zunehmendem Durchmesser ausgebildet und um eine vertikale Achse drehbar auf einem Pollerstuhl angeordnet, der um eine horizontale Achse schwenkbar in der Bühne angebracht ist.The bollard is designed in the form of a standing drum with an increasing diameter and is rotatably arranged about a vertical axis on a bollard chair which is mounted in the stage so as to be pivotable about a horizontal axis.

Aus FR-A 1 601 016 ist eine z. B. auf einer Boje beweglich zu befestigende Vorrichtung mit einem Poller bekannt, der nach dem Lösen einer Sperre unter dem Zug einer um ihn gelegten Festmacheleine um eine horizontale Achse schwenken und hierdurch die Festmacheleine freigeben kann. Der Poller nach einer Ausführung der Erfindung ist dagegen in einem schwenkbaren Pollerstuhl in einer Bühne eines Schiffes angeordnet. Auf der den Poller tragenden Bühne ist zusätzlich eine Klemmvorrichtung angeordnet, die die Festmacheleine am unteren Teil des Pollers festklemmen kann. Zum Lösen der Festmacheleine wird der Pollerstuhl um beispielsweise 85° nach vorn geklappt, so daß die Leine über den Poller abrutschen oder von ihm abgehoben werden kann, während das Schiff sich vom Lademast entfernt.From FR-A 1 601 016 a z. B. known on a buoy to be fastened device with a bollard that can pivot after releasing a lock under the pull of a fixed line around it around a horizontal axis and thereby release the fixed line. The bollard according to an embodiment of the invention, however, is arranged in a swivel bollard in a stage of a ship. On the stage carrying the bollard, a clamping device is additionally arranged, which can clamp the fixed line on the lower part of the bollard. To release the fixed line, the bollard chair is folded forward, for example, by 85 °, so that the line can slide over the bollard or be lifted off it while the ship is moving away from the loading mast.

Eine andere Ausführungsform der Einrichtung zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die Festmacheleine als etwa halbkreisförmige Schlaufe an einem System von Halteleinen mit Blöcken und Ausgleichsrollen frei an dem Ausleger einer Säule hängt und absenkbar bzw. anhebbar ist, wobei die Halteleinen über Umlenkrollen zu einer Winde geführt sind, die Trommeln verschiedenen Durchmessers und/oder verschiedener Drehzahl besitzt, welche auf die Längenänderungen der verschiedenen Halteleinen beim Anheben oder Absenken der Festmacheleine abgestimmt sind.Another embodiment of the device is characterized in that the fixed line hangs freely as an approximately semicircular loop on a system of holding lines with blocks and compensating rollers on the extension of a column and can be lowered or raised, the holding lines being guided to a winch via deflection rollers , which has drums of different diameters and / or different speeds, which are matched to the changes in length of the various tether when lifting or lowering the fixed line.

Der Poller kann am Schiff auch auf einer klappbaren Bühne angeordnet sein, die um eine horizontale Achse am Bug beweglich ist. In diesem Fall bleibt die Bühne während der Dauer des Festmachens in einer horizontalen Stellung und wird erst nach dem Lösen der Festmacheleine wieder zurückgeklappt. Diese Anordnung des Pollers sowie auch die Aufhängung der Festmacheleine direkt an dem Ausleger, der die Übergabeeinrichtungen für das Ladegut trägt, können angewendet werden, wenn nicht mit außergewöhnlichen, schlechten Witterungsverhältnissen zu rechnen ist.The bollard can also be arranged on the ship on a foldable stage that is movable about a horizontal axis on the bow. In this case, the stage remains in a horizontal position for the duration of the mooring and is only folded back after the mooring line has been released. This arrangement of the bollard as well as the suspension of the fixed line directly on the boom, which carries the transfer devices for the cargo, can be used if extraordinary, bad weather conditions are not to be expected.

Die Festmacheleine ist an ihren Befestigungspunkten über Dämpfungseinrichtungen, z. B. über Dämpfungsfedern elastisch und vorzugsweise über starkgliedrige Ketten allseitig beweglich angebracht, so daß sie den durch Seegang bedingten Schiffsbewegungen folgen und vorübergehende Abstandsänderungen ausgleichen kann.The fixed line is at its attachment points via damping devices, for. B. elastic on damping springs and preferably movably attached on all sides so that they follow the movements of the ship caused by swell and can compensate for temporary changes in distance.

Ausführungsbeispiele sind auf den beigefügten Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellt.Exemplary embodiments are shown schematically in the accompanying drawings.

Es zeigen

  • Figur 1 eine Ansicht einer an einem Lodemast angeordneten Vertäueinrichtung und den Bug eines Schiffes,
  • Figur 2 eine Draufsicht auf den Ausleger der Vertäueinrichtung nach Fig. 1,
  • Figur 3 eine Anordnung des Pollers am Bug eines Schiffes, wie bei der Einrichtung nach Fig. 1 und 2 bevorzugt,
  • Figur 4 eine Draufsicht auf eine andere Vertäueinrichtung, ebenfalls an einem Lademast,
  • Figur 5 eine Ansicht einer Vertäueinrichtung nach Fig. 4.
Show it
  • FIG. 1 shows a view of a mooring device arranged on a lodge mast and the bow of a ship,
  • FIG. 2 shows a top view of the boom of the mooring device according to FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows an arrangement of the bollard on the bow of a ship, as preferred in the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2,
  • FIG. 4 shows a plan view of another mooring device, also on a loading mast,
  • FIG. 5 shows a view of a mooring device according to FIG. 4.

Die Säule 1 eines im Meer gegebenenfalls beweglich verankerten Lademastes trägt an ihrem drehbaren Kopfteil 14 einen Ladearmausleger 20. An der Säule 1 befindet sich ein Drehtisch 3 und auf diesem ein Drehkranz 4 an dem die Festmacheleine 5 an zwei gegenüberliegenden Punkten beweglich über Dämpfungsfedern 6 angeordnet ist. Die Festmacheleine 5 wird durch einen Ausleger, im dem in Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Beispiel durch einen Spreizenbaum 2, mittels über Umlenkrollen 9, die auf dem Ladearm 20 angeordnet sind, und Umlenkrollen 11, die sich an den Armen 10 befinden, geführten Spreizleinen 7 und Spreizblöcken 8 bereitgehalten und dabei zu einer Schlaufe gespreizt, deren Weite z. B. der durchschnittlichen Breite der festzumachenden Schiffe entspricht. Die Spreizleinen 7 können durch die Winde 12 angezogen oder gelöst werden. Der Spreizenbaum 2 wird über ein Hangerseil 21 und eine Winde 22 um eine horizontale Achse 23 geschwenkt.The column 1 of a loading mast, which may be movably anchored in the sea, has a loading arm boom 20 on its rotatable head part 14. On the column 1 there is a turntable 3 and on this there is a turntable 4 on which the fixed line 5 is movably arranged at two opposite points via damping springs 6 . The fixed line 5 is by a boom, in the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 by a spreader tree 2, by means of deflecting rollers 9, which are arranged on the loading arm 20, and deflecting rollers 11, which are located on the arms 10, spreading lines 7 and spreading blocks 8 held ready and spread to a loop, the width of z. B. corresponds to the average width of the ships to be moored. The spreading lines 7 can be pulled or released by the winch 12. The spreader tree 2 is pivoted about a horizontal axis 23 via a hanger rope 21 and a winch 22.

Seine Ruhestellung 2a ist gestrichelt angedeutet. Bei Annäherung eines Schiffes wird der Spreizenbaum 2 in die voll ausgezeichnete Stellung abgesenkt. Das Schiff 13 ist mit einer über den Bug vorschiebbaren Bühne 15 versehen, auf der der Poller 16 in einem schwenkbaren Pollerstuhl 25 angeordnet ist. Bei der in die Stellung 15a vorgeschobenen Bühne befindet sich der Poller 16a vor dem Bug des Schiffes. Die Festmacheleine 5 wird über den vorgeschobenen Poller 16a abgesenkt und durch Zurückziehen des Pollers 16 sowie durch Rückwärtsfahrt des Schiffes in die Stellung 5a gespannt.Its rest position 2a is indicated by dashed lines. When a ship approaches, the spreader boom 2 is lowered into the fully excellent position. The ship 13 is provided with a stage 15 which can be advanced over the bow and on which the bollard 16 is arranged in a swiveling bollard chair 25. With the stage advanced to position 15a, the bollard 16a is in front of the bow of the ship. The fixed line 5 is lowered over the advanced bollard 16a and tensioned by pulling back the bollard 16 and moving the ship back into position 5a.

Die verschiebbare Bühne ist in Figur 3 dargestellt. Der hakenförmige, um eine vertikale Achse drehbare Poller 16 hat die Form einer stehenden Trommel mit nach oben zunehmenden Durchmesser. Er sitzt auf dem Pollerstuhl 25, der mittels einer hydraulischen Errichtung 27 um eine horizontale Drehachse 26 in der Bühne 15 schwenkbar ist. Er wird durch einen hydraulisch bewegten Haltekloben 28 in der dargestellten Stellung gehalten. Ein Paar von Klemmbügeln 17 ist beiderseits des Pollers 16 vorgesehen und kann mittels einer Hydraulik 18 aus einer versenkten Ruhestellung in eine vertikale Betriebsstellung geschwenkt werden, bei der die Festmacheleine 5 unten am Poller 16 festgeklemmt wird. Die Verschiebung der Bühne 15 erfolgt über eine Hebeleinrichtung 19 oder in anderer geeigneter Weise.The sliding stage is shown in Figure 3 posed. The hook-shaped bollard 16, which is rotatable about a vertical axis, has the shape of a standing drum with an increasing diameter. He sits on the bollard 25, which can be pivoted about a horizontal axis of rotation 26 in the stage 15 by means of a hydraulic device 27. It is held in the position shown by a hydraulically moved holding block 28. A pair of clamping brackets 17 is provided on both sides of the bollard 16 and can be pivoted by means of a hydraulic system 18 from a retracted rest position into a vertical operating position, in which the fixed line 5 is clamped to the bollard 16 at the bottom. The stage 15 is displaced via a lever device 19 or in another suitable manner.

Bei der in Figur 4 und 5 dargestellten Ausführung ist der Ladearm 120 durch Querträger 110 verbreitert, an deren Enden über Umlenkrollen 109 und 111 Halteleinen 107 von einer Winde 112 zu Blöcken 106 an der Festmacheleine 5 laufen. Die Halteleinen 107 sind teilweise durch Ausgleichsrollen 108 verbunden. Die Festmacheleine 5, die wenigstens in ihrem mittleren Teil zunächst zu einer etwa halbkreisförmigen Schlaufe geformt ist, kann in die in Fig. 5 angegebene Stellung 5b abgesenkt werden, wo.sie den Poller 16 des hier dargestellten Schiffes 13 umschlingt und wie in Fig. 4 gezeigt, in die Stellung 5b gespannt wird. Die Festmacheleine kann gegebenenfalls auch noch in die Stellung 5c herabgelassen werden, wenn kleinere Schiffe festgemacht werden sollen. Bei dem in Fig. 4 und 5 gezeigten Schiff ist ejne klappbare Bühne 115 verwendet, die in der Ruhestellung um eine horizontale Achse 114 mittels einer Hydraulik 119 nach oben geschwenkt werden kann.In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the loading arm 120 is widened by cross members 110, at the ends of which the guide lines 107 run over deflection rollers 109 and 111 from a winch 112 to blocks 106 on the fixed line 5. The tether lines 107 are partially connected by compensating rollers 108. The fixed line 5, which is initially formed into an approximately semicircular loop at least in its central part, can be lowered into the position 5b shown in FIG. 5, where it wraps around the bollard 16 of the ship 13 shown here and as in FIG. 4 shown, is stretched into position 5b. The mooring line can also be lowered to position 5c if smaller ships are to be moored. In the ship shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a foldable platform 115 is used, which in the rest position can be pivoted upwards about a horizontal axis 114 by means of a hydraulic system 119.

In jedem Falle betragen Länge und Breite der trapez- oder bogenförmig bereitgehaltenen Schlaufe der Festmacheleine 5 ein Vielfaches vom größten Durchmesser des Pollers 16. Da der Poller 16 vorzugsweise drehbar ist, kann er an jeder Stelle des Umfanges der zur Vertäuung herabgelassenen Festmacheleine 5 von ihr erfaßt werden und sich an ihr entlang bewegen, bis die Festmacheleine 5 gespannt ist. Die Drehbarkeit des Pollers, der nur etwa zur Hälfte seines Umfanges umschlungen ist, ergibt außerdem, daß auch beim Schwoien des vertäuten Schiffes die beiden in gestreckter Länge gespannten Hälften der Festmacheleine 5 wenigstens bei gelockerten Klemmbügeln 17 gleichmäßig belastet werden.In any case, the length and width of the trapezoidal or arched loop of the fixed line 5 are many times the largest diameter of the bollard 16. Since the bollard 16 is preferably rotatable, it can be gripped by the fixed line 5 at any point along the circumference of the fixed line and move along it until the line 5 is tensioned. The rotatability of the bollard, which is wrapped only about half of its circumference, also shows that even when the moored ship swoops, the two halves of the fixed line 5 stretched in stretched length are evenly loaded at least when the clamps 17 are loosened.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtungen können in verschiedener Weise abgewandelt werden. Der die Festmacheleine bereithaltende Ausleger kann beispielsweise auch seitlich am Schiff angeordnet sein, um die Leine über einen Poller oder eine ähnliche Einrichtung eines Bauwerks im Hafen oder eines Pontons oder eines anderen Schiffes zu legen. Dabei kann es zweckmäßig sein, die Festmacheleine mittels einer Winde anziehen zu können. Das Festmachen erfolgt auch in diesen Fällen ohne gefährliche Handarbeit, kann mechanisch von der Brücke oder einem anderen Leitstand gesteuert werden, ist wenigstens teilweise automatisierbar und geht schneller als das bisher übliche Festmachen, bei dem z. B. zunächst Hilfsleinen aufgefangen oder aufgefischt werden, mit denen dann die Festmacheleine angezogen wird.The devices according to the invention can be modified in various ways. The jib holding the fixed line can, for example, also be arranged laterally on the ship in order to lay the line over a bollard or a similar device of a structure in the harbor or a pontoon or another ship. It can be useful to be able to pull the fixed line using a winch. The mooring is done in these cases without dangerous manual work, can be controlled mechanically from the bridge or another control center, is at least partially automated and is faster than the usual mooring. B. first auxiliary lines are caught or fished, with which the line rope is then tightened.

Claims (10)

1. Method for mooring a vessel to a structure by means of a mooring hawser, characterized in that a mooring hawser (5) is used, which is of limited finite length and fastened at both its ends, that the mooring hawser (5) is formed to a large loop, kept ready above the height of a bitt (16) and, as soon as the bitt (16) is within reach below the loop, lowered to the height of the bitt (16) and laid partly around the bitt (16), and that a force, which is directed to increase the spacing between both the fastening points of the mooring hawser (5) and the bitt (16) looped by it, is applied to tension the mooring hawser (5) and is maintained to keep up the tension for the duration of the mooring.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mooring hawser (5) is held spread open to a loop of about trapeziodal shape and kept ready at a variable height and - on the approach of a vessel (13) for mooring - is brought still in tensioned state to a height closely above the bitt (16) according to the swell of the sea and the height of the vessel, and only then is lowered further over the bitt (16) and slackened so that the mooring hawser (5) can partly loop around the bitt (16) and both its halves can be fastened in extended length by increasing the spacing between both its fastening points and the bitt (16).
3. Equipment for the performance of the method according to claim 1 or 2 with the use of a jib, which gets to about above a bitt or similar fastening equipment on a vessel approaching the structure and under which the mooring hawser to be fastened to the bitt is arranged, characterized in that the jib (2, 120) is widened in correspondence with the shape of the loop of the mooring hawser (5) to be kept ready, guide rollers (11, 111) are provided on the jib at both its sides and retaining or spreader lines (7, 107) are led over the guide rollers (11, 111), at the lower ends of which lines (7, 107) the mooring hawser (5) is retained in the shape of a loop by means of blocks (8, 106), wherein the mooring hawser (5) has a finite length and is fastened to two fastening points preferably on a column (1) carrying the jib.
4. Equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that the jib (2) is a forkshaped spreader boom, on the splayed arms (10) of which guide rollers (11) for the spreader lines (7) are provided, and that the jib (2) is pivotable a horizontal axis (23).
5. Equipment according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the jib (2) is pivotable by means of a topping lift wire (21).
6. Equipment according to one of the claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the spreader lines (7, 107) run over a constant tension device or a similar length-compensating device so that they can adapt in nearly tensioned state to vertical motions of the mooring hawser (5) fastened to a bitt (16), which arise in consequence of the swell of the sea or similar.
7. Equipment according to one of the claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the jib (2, 120) is arranged on a sea-structure, particularly on the rotatable column (1) of a loading tower for oil or liquid gas, the mooring hawser (5) is movably fastened to a turntable (4) of the same column (1), and the bitt (16) is disposed on a vessel (13), preferably at about its bow, and that the bitt (16) is mounted on a platform (15, 115), which is movable in longitudinal direction of the vessel (13) out beyond its bow.
8. Equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that the bitt (16) is formed in the shape of an upstanding bollard drum with a diameter increasing upwardly and arranged to be rotatable about on a vertical axis on a bitt plate (25), which is mounted in the platform (15, 115) and to be pivotable about a horizontal axle (26).
9. Equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that the mooring hawser (5) hangs freely as an about semi-circular loop on a system of holding lines (107) with blocks (106) and compensating rollers (108) on the jib (120) of a column (1) and is lowerable and raisable, wherein the holding lines (107) are led over guide rollers (101, 111) to a winch (112), which has drums of different diameter and/or different rotational speed, which are matched to the changes in length of the different holding lines (107) on the raising and lowering the mooring hawser (5).
10. Equipment according to one of the claims 3 to 9, characterized in that the mooring hawser (5) is mounted at its fastening points through damping springs (6) and preferably chains with strong links to be elastically movable in all directions.
EP81106328A 1980-08-22 1981-08-14 Method and means for mooring a ship to a structure Expired EP0046547B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803031717 DE3031717A1 (en) 1980-08-22 1980-08-22 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR STOWING A SHIP ON A CONSTRUCTION
DE3031717 1980-08-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0046547A2 EP0046547A2 (en) 1982-03-03
EP0046547A3 EP0046547A3 (en) 1982-05-19
EP0046547B1 true EP0046547B1 (en) 1984-06-13

Family

ID=6110201

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81106328A Expired EP0046547B1 (en) 1980-08-22 1981-08-14 Method and means for mooring a ship to a structure

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4392447A (en)
EP (1) EP0046547B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3031717A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO150231C (en) * 1982-04-27 1984-09-12 Pusnes Marine Offshore DESPITE MOUNTING
JPS60191594U (en) * 1984-05-31 1985-12-19 日本鋼管株式会社 Mooring device
DE3742949C2 (en) * 1987-12-18 1994-04-14 Max Rabenbauer Device for mooring ships by applying a part of the ship's weight to the bank or a structure on the bank without putting the ship on the ground
NL9302289A (en) * 1993-12-31 1995-07-17 Sven Olaf Aarts Method for manipulating a connecting element in shipping.
US6227135B1 (en) 1999-05-25 2001-05-08 Fmc Corporation Torsion spring torque arm yoke mooring system
WO2003076262A2 (en) * 2002-03-08 2003-09-18 Fmc Technologies, Inc. Disconnectable mooring system and lng transfer system and method

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US323639A (en) * 1885-08-04 William p
US2435447A (en) * 1946-05-02 1948-02-03 Karl C Kortum Mooring bitt
FR1368399A (en) * 1962-08-25 1964-07-31 Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen Process for preparing a solid material which can be used as an amplifier of light waves
US3353512A (en) * 1966-07-21 1967-11-21 Canadian Patents Dev Marine coupling
DE1984587U (en) * 1968-02-03 1968-04-25 Weser Ag DEVICE FOR MOWING SHIPS.
US3750723A (en) * 1971-01-04 1973-08-07 Air Logistics Corp Single point mooring system
US3677597A (en) * 1971-03-30 1972-07-18 Harold A Stipek Loop-supporting device
FR2230543A1 (en) * 1973-05-21 1974-12-20 Erap Elf Entr Rech Activ Petro Mooring jib for use in loading an oil tanker - from an offshore prodn. platform
US3973511A (en) * 1975-07-21 1976-08-10 The Rucker Company Bollard
US4041887A (en) * 1976-06-14 1977-08-16 Paul William A Docking apparatus for boats
FR2368399A1 (en) * 1976-10-19 1978-05-19 Emh IMPROVEMENTS TO EQUIPMENT TO CONNECT OIL TANKERS TO MARINE OR SIMILAR COLUMNS
FR2391899A1 (en) * 1976-11-25 1978-12-22 Emh IMPROVEMENTS TO SYSTEMS FOR Mooring a vessel at a loading structure and transferring a fluid, in particular for oil installations
DE2737228A1 (en) * 1977-08-18 1979-03-01 Lga Gas & Marine Consult Gmbh DEVICE FOR UNDERWATER CONNECTION OF A FIXED LIQUID CONVEYOR LINE TO A MOVING CONNECTING LINE TO A BUOY
US4251511A (en) * 1979-10-02 1981-02-17 The Upjohn Company Antibiotic and fermentation process of preparing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3031717A1 (en) 1982-03-04
DE3031717C2 (en) 1987-06-11
EP0046547A3 (en) 1982-05-19
US4392447A (en) 1983-07-12
EP0046547A2 (en) 1982-03-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE3882377T2 (en) CLAMPING DEVICE.
DE2450173A1 (en) CHAIN STOPPER AND METHOD OF HANDLING A COMBINED ROPE AND CHAIN ANCHOR LINE
DE3113225C2 (en) Method and laying cable for laying a pipeline on the seabed
DE4140201C2 (en) Device for spreading and hauling in towed bodies
DE3150066A1 (en) STOPPING DEVICE ON A WATER VEHICLE FOR SECURING A BUOYLINE
DE2747063C3 (en) Method and device for storing a pipeline laid on the seabed
EP0046547B1 (en) Method and means for mooring a ship to a structure
DE102012112333A1 (en) Launch and rescue device integrated system for e.g. watercraft, has retainer arranged for settling swimming apparatus or for receiving swimming apparatus by joggle region, and float floating on water around pivotal axis of construction
DE2714337C2 (en)
DE2517707C3 (en) Marker buoy arrangement
DE29601801U1 (en) Deck crane
DE3315888A1 (en) Crane for transferring cargo from one ship to another
DE2414857A1 (en) DEVICE FOR MOORING BOATS
DE2030162B2 (en) UNDERWATER TOWING DEVICE AND DEVICE FOR DEPLOYING, TOWING AND PICKING UP THE DEVICE
DE1262810B (en) Device for hauling in purse seine nets, especially for catching tuna
EP0776819A1 (en) Device to recover a floating cargo
DE2910040A1 (en) FLOATING CRANE
DE10153359A1 (en) To lift a boat clear of the water, at an off-shore installation or a larger ship, the boat remains attached to the anchor cable during lifting to prevent it twisting around the lifting cable
DE69004762T2 (en) Tilting davit for free fall lifeboats.
DE10025891A1 (en) Ship's davit for securing and launching a boat has an additional safety line at the crane hook with a groove locking surface at the hook for secure raising and launching even at sea
DE3248207A1 (en) CHAIN TENSIONER FOR ROUND STEEL CHAINS, ESPECIALLY FOR LOSING ANCHOR STAINLESS CHAINS AND THE LIKE
DE9207647U1 (en) Floating grabs for loading gravel ships or folding barges
DE1756091B2 (en) Manned offshore station
DE2847666A1 (en) DEVICE ON A TOWED VEHICLE
DE20316247U1 (en) Apparatus for exposing and receiving a submersible watercraft, apparatus for towing a submersible watercraft and surface vehicle with such a device

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19811008

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): FR GB IT NL

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): FR GB IT NL

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: STUDIO JAUMANN

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): FR GB IT NL

ET Fr: translation filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19840824

Year of fee payment: 4

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19860831

Year of fee payment: 6

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19880301

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19880429

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19881118