EP0042965B1 - Process for preparing a pigmented lacquer - Google Patents

Process for preparing a pigmented lacquer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0042965B1
EP0042965B1 EP81103818A EP81103818A EP0042965B1 EP 0042965 B1 EP0042965 B1 EP 0042965B1 EP 81103818 A EP81103818 A EP 81103818A EP 81103818 A EP81103818 A EP 81103818A EP 0042965 B1 EP0042965 B1 EP 0042965B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pigment
calcium carbonate
influence
dark
white
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81103818A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0042965A1 (en
Inventor
Dietrich Jürgen Dr. Bahr
Marian Briska
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IBM Deutschland GmbH
International Business Machines Corp
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IBM Deutschland GmbH
International Business Machines Corp
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Publication of EP0042965A1 publication Critical patent/EP0042965A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/24—Ablative recording, e.g. by burning marks; Spark recording
    • B41M5/245—Electroerosion or spark recording

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a pigmented lacquer for a recording medium coated with an aluminum layer or with an aluminum-containing layer, in accordance with the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • CaC0 3 as a matting additive in such recording media is, for the rest. B. mentioned in DE-A 2203861.
  • varnishes should generally be colored dark or black in order to achieve sufficient contrast during the printing process. This can be achieved, for example, by adding a black or dark pigment to the paint. Does the varnish also contain a white pigment, e.g. B. CaC0 3 , this pigment prevents a completely black appearance of the printed areas despite the coloring of the varnish with soot, although the varnish not coated with aluminum appears extraordinarily dark. This is because, even if their diameter is greater than the thickness of the lacquer, these pigments are largely covered by the soot-enriched lacquer.
  • a white pigment e.g. B. CaC0 3
  • the grains are not only attacked in the area of the burned-out areas in the manner described above, but also where the electrodes rub over the paper without writing.
  • the aluminum layer which is only about 30 to 40 nm thick, offers no mechanical protection, microscopic holes are created in the aluminum layer, in which the white pigment, for example CaC0 3 , appears.
  • the tearing off of the thin dark lacquer layer and the white pigment tips, which can consist of CaC0 3 , for example is extremely noticeable, because the white holes in the aluminum layer are barely visible to the naked eye and are also used by one for reproduction Camera not played back. In other words, the grinding marks are reduced to values that are no longer disturbing.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to selectively color these pigment grains in such a way that those pigments which come into contact with the hot electrodes at the burned-out areas become dark in the process, while those pigments which are located at the places not described , over which the electrodes run only when they are cold, maintain their bright or white appearance.
  • a white pigment is used, the grain size of which is larger than that of all the other pigments in the lacquer, so that this pigment projects beyond the lacquer surface on the recording medium, and that this pigment darkens or blacks when exposed to heat discolored.
  • a substance is used for the white pigment which, when exposed to heat, turns itself dark or black.
  • a substance for the white pigment with additives which, when exposed to heat, cause the pigment to turn dark or black.
  • the procedure is such that an artificial or natural, granulated hard polymer is used as the white pigment, which turns dark or black when exposed to heat.
  • the calcium carbonate is precipitated together with a substance which forms a white carbonate and which turns black or dark when exposed to heat.
  • it is either the white pigment itself that turns dark under the influence of heat, or a substance added to the white pigment that acts under the influence of heat effect causes a dark discoloration of the pigment itself.
  • the calcium carbonate is precipitated together with white lead carbonate, which decomposes to black lead oxides when exposed to heat.
  • the calcium carbonate is precipitated together with white silver carbonate, which decomposes to black colloidal silver under the action of heat.
  • Another embodiment of the method according to the invention is that the calcium carbonate is precipitated in an organic aqueous solution, as a result of which organic molecules are incorporated into the CaCO 3 as Ca salts or alkaline salts.
  • the calcium carbonate can be precipitated together with sodium glycolate.
  • the carbonization temperature can be set precisely to the desired point by appropriate selection of the organic component. This is particularly important so that there is no further blackening of the white pigments immediately behind the burned-out areas, so that there is no longer any tracing. If you again consider the special case in which the calcium carbonate is precipitated together with sodium glycolate, an admixture of about 10% sodium glycolate having proven to be particularly favorable, then it is found that immediately behind the burnt-out areas there is a further blackening of CaC0 3 crystals no longer takes place, so that it is no longer recognizable. However, it has been found that the clear black color obtained in this way changes to a brown tint on prolonged glowing, which may be due to the oxidation of some of the carbon with atmospheric oxygen.
  • the method according to the invention carries out a selective treatment of pigments in such a way that the pigments which come into contact with the hot electrodes in the burned-out areas automatically turn dark or black while the pigments maintain their white appearance in the areas not described, over which the electrodes only run when they are cold.

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  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines pigmentierten Lackes für einen mit einer aus Aluminium bestehenden oder mit einer aluminiumhaltigen Schicht überzogenen Aufzeichnungsträger entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for producing a pigmented lacquer for a recording medium coated with an aluminum layer or with an aluminum-containing layer, in accordance with the preamble of patent claim 1.

In der älteren, nicht vorveröffentlichten Anmeldung EP-A 35106 wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, den bei mit Aluminium beschichteten oder mit aluminiumhaltigen Überzügen versehenen Aufzeichnungsträger verwendeten Lack so zu pigmentieren, dass beim Drucken in einem Elektroerosionsdrucker die Elektroden auf den Spitzen der Pigmente laufen. Auf diese Weise wird weitgehend verhindert, dass die durch den Schreibvorgang erhitzten Elektroden mit dem Lack unmittelbar in Berührung kommen. Ohne eine Beimischung eines solchen Pigments, insbesondere von Calciumcarbonat, würden beim Schreibvorgang die erhitzten Elektroden den Lack teilweise pyrolisieren, so dass die dabei entstehenden Dämpfe in den staubförmigen Abbrandrückständen kondensieren und nach einer gewissen Zeit einen festen Kuchen bilden, der schliesslich den Schreibvorgang empfindlich stört. Gemäss der obengenannten früheren Patentanmeldung wird dieses Backen durch die Beimischung von CaC03 mit einer Korngrösse von etwa 2-10 µm verhindert. Die dabei noch auftretenden Spaltprodukte des CaC03, nämlich CaO und CaC2, wirken ausserdem noch als Trocknungsmittel.In the older, non-prepublished application EP-A 35106 it was already proposed to pigment the lacquer used for recording media coated with aluminum or with aluminum-containing coatings in such a way that the electrodes run on the tips of the pigments when printing in an electroerosion printer. This largely prevents the electrodes heated by the writing process from coming into direct contact with the lacquer. Without the addition of such a pigment, in particular calcium carbonate, the heated electrodes would partially pyrolyze the lacquer during the writing process, so that the resulting vapors condense in the dusty burn-up residues and form a solid cake after a certain time, which ultimately disrupts the writing process. According to the earlier patent application mentioned above, this baking is prevented by the addition of CaC0 3 with a grain size of about 2-10 microns. The fission products of CaC0 3 that occur, namely CaO and CaC 2 , also act as drying agents.

Die Verwendung von CaC03 als Mattierungszusatz in derartigen Aufzeichnungsträgern ist im übrigen z. B. in der DE-A 2203861 erwähnt.The use of CaC0 3 as a matting additive in such recording media is, for the rest. B. mentioned in DE-A 2203861.

Diese Lacke sollten im allgemeinen dunkel oder schwarz eingefärbt sein, um beim Druckvorgang einen ausreichenden Kontrast zu erzielen. Dies lässt sich beispielsweise dadurch erreichen, dass dem Lack noch ein schwarzes oder dunkles Pigment beigemischt wird. Enthält der Lack ausserdem noch ein weisses Pigment, wie z. B. CaC03, so verhindert dieses Pigment trotz der Einfärbung des Lackes mit Russ ein vollständig schwarzes Aussehen der bedruckten Stellen, obwohl der nicht mit Aluminium beschichtete Lack ausserordentlich dunkel erscheint. Diese Pigmente sind nämlich dann, auch wenn ihr Durchmesser grösser ist als die Lackschichtdicke, weitgehend von dem mit Russ angereicherten Lack umhüllt. Wenn jedoch die Elektroden über die Kuppen der Pigmentkörner laufen, reissen sie die dort sehr dünne Lackschicht auf und zertrümmern manchmal sogar die Spitzen der Pigmentkörner, so dass das weisse Pigment, beispielsweise CaC03, zum Vorschein kommt. In den obengenannten Patentanmeldung ist ebenfalls bereits vorgeschlagen worden, in diesem Fall das CaCO3 dadurch einzufärben, dass es gemeinsam mit Schwermetallen ausgefällt wird, um es dunkel einzufärben. Durch diese Massnahme könnte man beispielsweise bei einer Beimischung von CaC03 das graue Aussehen eines derart pigmentierten Lackes sicherlich stark verringern, wenn nicht gar beseitigen.These varnishes should generally be colored dark or black in order to achieve sufficient contrast during the printing process. This can be achieved, for example, by adding a black or dark pigment to the paint. Does the varnish also contain a white pigment, e.g. B. CaC0 3 , this pigment prevents a completely black appearance of the printed areas despite the coloring of the varnish with soot, although the varnish not coated with aluminum appears extraordinarily dark. This is because, even if their diameter is greater than the thickness of the lacquer, these pigments are largely covered by the soot-enriched lacquer. However, when the electrodes run over the tops of the pigment grains, they tear open the very thin lacquer layer and sometimes even smash the tips of the pigment grains, so that the white pigment, for example CaC0 3 , appears. In the above-mentioned patent application it has also already been proposed to color the CaCO 3 in this case by precipitating it together with heavy metals in order to color it dark. This measure could certainly reduce, if not eliminate, the gray appearance of such a pigmented lacquer, for example when CaC0 3 is added .

Es werden bei einem derartig pigmentierten Lack jedoch die Körner nicht nur in der oben beschriebenen Weise im Bereich der ausgebrannten Stellen angegriffen, sondern auch dort, wo die Elektroden, ohne zu schreiben, über das Papier schleifen. Da die nur etwa 30 bis 40 nm starke Aluminiumschicht keinen mechanischen Schutz bietet, entstehen dort mikroskopisch feine Löcher in der Aluminiumschicht, in denen das weisse Pigment, beispielsweise CaC03, zum Vorschein kommt. Hier nun macht sich das Abreissen der dünnen dunklen Lackschicht und der weissen Pigmentspitzen, die beispielsweise aus CaC03 bestehen können, ausserordentlich günstig bemerkbar, denn die weissen Löcher in der Aluminiumschicht sind mit dem blossen Auge kaum zu sehen und werden auch von einer zur Reproduktion verwendeten Kamera nicht wiedergegeben. Mit anderen Worten werden hier die Schleifspuren auf nicht mehr störende Werte verringert.With such a pigmented lacquer, however, the grains are not only attacked in the area of the burned-out areas in the manner described above, but also where the electrodes rub over the paper without writing. Since the aluminum layer, which is only about 30 to 40 nm thick, offers no mechanical protection, microscopic holes are created in the aluminum layer, in which the white pigment, for example CaC0 3 , appears. Here, the tearing off of the thin dark lacquer layer and the white pigment tips, which can consist of CaC0 3 , for example, is extremely noticeable, because the white holes in the aluminum layer are barely visible to the naked eye and are also used by one for reproduction Camera not played back. In other words, the grinding marks are reduced to values that are no longer disturbing.

Wenn man jedoch diese Pigmentkörner, wie z.B. die aus Calciumcarbonat bestehenden Pigmentkörner dunkel einfärben würde, würde es sich gerade an diesen Stellen ausserordentlich störend auswirken, da nämlich nunmehr statt der weissen Löcher in der Aluminiumschicht gut sichtbare schwarze Löcher auftreten würden.However, if one considers these pigment grains, e.g. would color the pigment grains consisting of calcium carbonate dark, it would have an extremely disruptive effect in these places, because instead of the white holes in the aluminum layer, clearly visible black holes would appear.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es somit, eine selektive Einfärbung dieser Pigmentkörner in der Weise vorzunehmen, dass diejenigen Pigmente, die an den ausgebrannten Stellen mit den heissen Elektroden in Berührung kommen, sich dabei dunkel verfärben, während diejenigen Pigmente, die an den nicht beschriebenen Stellen liegen, über die die Elektroden nur im kalten Zustand laufen, ihr helles oder weisses Aussehen beibehalten.The object of the invention is therefore to selectively color these pigment grains in such a way that those pigments which come into contact with the hot electrodes at the burned-out areas become dark in the process, while those pigments which are located at the places not described , over which the electrodes run only when they are cold, maintain their bright or white appearance.

Dies wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch erreicht, dass ein weisses Pigment verwendet wird, dessen Korngrösse grösser ist als die aller übrigen in dem Lack befindlichen Pigmente, so dass dieses Pigment über die auf dem Aufzeichnungsträger befindlichen Lackoberfläche hinausragt, und dass sich dieses Pigment unter Wärmeeinwirkung dunkel oder schwarz verfärbt.This is achieved according to the invention in that a white pigment is used, the grain size of which is larger than that of all the other pigments in the lacquer, so that this pigment projects beyond the lacquer surface on the recording medium, and that this pigment darkens or blacks when exposed to heat discolored.

Vorzugsweise wird dabei für das weisse Pigment ein Stoff verwendet, der sich unter Wärmeeinwirkung selbst dunkel oder schwarz verfärbt. Ausserdem ist es möglich, für das weisse Pigment einen Stoff mit Zusätzen zu verwenden, die unter Wärmeeinwirkung eine dunkle oder schwarze Verfärbung des Pigments bewirken. Insbesondere geht man dabei so vor, dass als weisses Pigment ein künstliches oder natürliches, granuliertes Hartpolymeres verwendet wird, das sich unter Wärmeeinwirkung dunkel oder schwarz verfärbt. Im ganz speziellen Fall wird bei Herstellung eines calciumcarbonathaltigen Lackes das Calciumcarbonat zusammen mit einem ein weisses Carbonat bildenden Stoff ausgefällt, der sich unter Wärmeeinwirkung schwarz oder dunkel verfärbt. In jedem Fall ist es also entweder das weisse Pigment selbst, das sich unter Wärmeeinwirkung dunkel verfärbt, oder aber ein dem weissen Pigment beigegebener Stoff, der unter Wärmeeinwirkung eine dunkle Verfärbung des Pigmentes selbst bewirkt.Preferably, a substance is used for the white pigment which, when exposed to heat, turns itself dark or black. In addition, it is possible to use a substance for the white pigment with additives which, when exposed to heat, cause the pigment to turn dark or black. In particular, the procedure is such that an artificial or natural, granulated hard polymer is used as the white pigment, which turns dark or black when exposed to heat. In a very special case, when a lacquer containing calcium carbonate is produced, the calcium carbonate is precipitated together with a substance which forms a white carbonate and which turns black or dark when exposed to heat. In any case, it is either the white pigment itself that turns dark under the influence of heat, or a substance added to the white pigment that acts under the influence of heat effect causes a dark discoloration of the pigment itself.

Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Beimischung von Calciumcarbonat besteht eine der Möglichkeiten darin, dass das Calciumcarbonat gemeinsam mit weissem Bleicarbonat ausgefällt wird, das sich unter Wärmeeinwirkung zu schwarzen Blei-Oxiden zersetzt. Andererseits kann man auch so vorgehen, dass das Calciumcarbonat gemeinsam mit weissem Silbercarbonat ausgefällt wird, das sich unter Wärmeeinwirkung zu schwarzem kolloidalem Silber zersetzt. Eine weitere Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens besteht darin, dass das Calciumcarbonat in einer organischen wässrigen Lösung ausgefällt wird, wodurch organische Moleküle als Ca-Salze oder alkalische Salze in das CaC03 eingebaut werden. Insbesondere kann man das Calciumcarbonat gemeinsam mit Natriumglykolat ausfällen. Alle die hier genannten Stoffe haben die Eigenschaft, dass sie normalerweise weiss oder nahezu farblos sind, so dass keinerlei Schleifspuren mehr sichtbar sind. Unter Wärmeeinwirkung verfärben sich jedoch diese Stoffe dunkel bis schwarz, so dass an den beschriebenen Stellen ein ausreichend hoher Kontrast erzielt wird. Während bei dem einen Verfahren, nämlich dem Fällen von CaC03 in einer organischen wässrigen Lösung organische Moleküle in das CaC03 als Ca-Salze oder Alkalisalze eingebaut werden, die dann unter Wärmeeinwirkung verkohlen und eine dunkle Färbung der Ca-C03 Kristalle bewirken, spielt sich bei Verwendung von künstlichen oder natürlichen granulierten Hartpolymeren, die als weisse Pigmente mit einer Korngrösse, die grösser ist als die aller übrigen in dem Lack befindlichen Pigmente, ein ähnlicher Vorgang ab, d.h. die organischen Bestandteile verkohlen und bewirken damit eine Dunkelfärbung oder Schwarzfärbung. Hierbei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, dass durch entsprechende Wahl der organischen Komponente die Verkohlungstemperatur auf den gewünschten Punkt genau eingestellt werden kann. Dies ist besonders wichtig, damit unmittelbar hinter den ausgebrannten Stellen eine weitere Schwärzung der weissen Pigmente nicht mehr stattfindet, so dass auch kein Nachziehen mehr erkennbar ist. Betrachtet man wiederum den besonderen Fall, bei dem das Calciumcarbonat gemeinsam mit Natriumglykolat ausgefällt wird, wobei sich eine Beimischung von etwa 10% Natriumglykolat als besonders günstig erwiesen hat, dann stellt man fest, dass unmittelbar hinter den ausgebrannten Stellen eine weitere Schwärzung von CaC03 Kristallen nicht mehr stattfindet, so dass auch kein Nachziehen mehr erkennbar ist. Man hat jedoch festgestellt, dass die auf diese Weise erzielte klare schwarze Färbung bei längerem Glühen in eine braune Tönung übergeht, was auf eine Oxidation eines Teils des Kohlenstoffs mit dem Luftsauerstoff zurückzuführen sein kann. Daraus lässt sich schliessen, dass ein derartig präpariertes CaC03 in einer inerten Atmosphäre bei kurzzeitigem Erhitzen mit Sicherheit schwarz bleibt. Man kann also ganz allgemein sagen, dass mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren eine selektive Behandlung von Pigmenten in der Weise vorgenommen wird, dass die Pigmente, die in den ausgebrannten Stellen mit den heissen Elektroden in Berührung kommen, sich automatisch dunkel oder schwarz verfärben, während die Pigmente in den nicht beschriebenen Stellen, über die die Elektroden nur in kaltem Zustand laufen, ihr weisses Aussehen beibehalten.With special attention to the admixture of calcium carbonate, one of the possibilities is that the calcium carbonate is precipitated together with white lead carbonate, which decomposes to black lead oxides when exposed to heat. On the other hand, one can also proceed in such a way that the calcium carbonate is precipitated together with white silver carbonate, which decomposes to black colloidal silver under the action of heat. Another embodiment of the method according to the invention is that the calcium carbonate is precipitated in an organic aqueous solution, as a result of which organic molecules are incorporated into the CaCO 3 as Ca salts or alkaline salts. In particular, the calcium carbonate can be precipitated together with sodium glycolate. All of the substances mentioned here have the property that they are usually white or almost colorless, so that no traces of grinding are visible. When exposed to heat, however, these substances turn dark to black, so that a sufficiently high contrast is achieved in the areas described. While in one method, namely the precipitation of CaC0 3 in an organic aqueous solution, organic molecules are incorporated into the CaC0 3 as Ca salts or alkali salts, which then carbonize under the action of heat and cause a dark coloration of the Ca-C0 3 crystals When using artificial or natural granulated hard polymers, which are white pigments with a grain size larger than that of all the other pigments in the paint, a similar process takes place, ie the organic constituents carbonize and thus cause a darkening or blackening. It is particularly advantageous here that the carbonization temperature can be set precisely to the desired point by appropriate selection of the organic component. This is particularly important so that there is no further blackening of the white pigments immediately behind the burned-out areas, so that there is no longer any tracing. If you again consider the special case in which the calcium carbonate is precipitated together with sodium glycolate, an admixture of about 10% sodium glycolate having proven to be particularly favorable, then it is found that immediately behind the burnt-out areas there is a further blackening of CaC0 3 crystals no longer takes place, so that it is no longer recognizable. However, it has been found that the clear black color obtained in this way changes to a brown tint on prolonged glowing, which may be due to the oxidation of some of the carbon with atmospheric oxygen. It can be concluded from this that a CaC0 3 prepared in this way will certainly remain black in an inert atmosphere when briefly heated. It can therefore be said quite generally that the method according to the invention carries out a selective treatment of pigments in such a way that the pigments which come into contact with the hot electrodes in the burned-out areas automatically turn dark or black while the pigments maintain their white appearance in the areas not described, over which the electrodes only run when they are cold.

Claims (10)

1. Process of preparing a pigmented lacquer for a record carrier covered with an aluminum or aluminum containing layer, the lacquer containing a pigment with a grain size greater than that of all other pigments contained in the lacquer, said pigment thus protruding over the lacquer surface on the record carrier, characterized in that as a pigment with the relatively great grain size a white pigment is used which changes into dark or black colour under the influence of heat.
2. Process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that for the white pigment a substance is used which under the influence of heat changes itself into dark or black colour.
3. Process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that for the white pigment a substance with additives is used which under the influence of heat effects the changing of the pigment into dark or black colour.
4. Process as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that as a white pigment a synthetic or natural granulated hard polymer is used which under the influence of heat changes into dark or black colour.
5. Method as claimed in claim 3 for making a calcium carbonate-containing lacquer, characterized in that the calcium carbonate is precipitated together with a substance forming a white carbonate under which the influence of heat changes into black or at least dark colour.
6. Process as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that calcium carbonate is precipitated together with a white lead carbonate which under the influence of heat decomposes into black lead oxides.
7. Process as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that calcium carbonate is precipitated together with white silver carbonate which under the influence of heat decomposes into black colloidal silver.
8. Process as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that calcium carbonate is precipitated in an organic aqueous solution as a consequence of which organic molecules are introduced in the CaC03 as Ca salts or alkaline salts.
9. Process as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that calcium carbonate is precipitated together with sodium glycolate.
10. Process as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that approximately 10 percent by weight sodium glycolate is admixed to the calcium carbonate.
EP81103818A 1980-06-25 1981-05-19 Process for preparing a pigmented lacquer Expired EP0042965B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803023700 DE3023700A1 (en) 1980-06-25 1980-06-25 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A PIGMENTED VARNISH
DE3023700 1980-06-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0042965A1 EP0042965A1 (en) 1982-01-06
EP0042965B1 true EP0042965B1 (en) 1985-01-16

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US (1) US4339477A (en)
EP (1) EP0042965B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5714092A (en)
DE (2) DE3023700A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6517589B1 (en) * 2000-11-14 2003-02-11 China Textile Institute Manufacturing method of coloring and lustering substance
WO2016033446A1 (en) 2014-08-29 2016-03-03 Blue Planet, Ltd. Carbonate pigments, and methods for making and using the same

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1030674B (en) * 1955-04-06 1958-05-22 Renker Belipa G M B H Method for producing a spark recording paper
DE2203761A1 (en) * 1972-01-24 1973-08-09 Ralf Schueler COMPONENTS COMPATIBLE TO HOUSING UNITS OR THE SAME BY USING SUITABLE CONNECTING PARTS
DE2204509C3 (en) * 1972-02-01 1981-12-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Data carriers for recorders
JPS5245937A (en) * 1975-10-08 1977-04-12 Ricoh Co Ltd Recording material of discharge type

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JPS5714092A (en) 1982-01-25
DE3168266D1 (en) 1985-02-28
US4339477A (en) 1982-07-13
DE3023700A1 (en) 1982-01-14
EP0042965A1 (en) 1982-01-06

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