EP0039270A2 - Arrangement for a drying and/or heating treatment and grinding of granular material - Google Patents

Arrangement for a drying and/or heating treatment and grinding of granular material Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0039270A2
EP0039270A2 EP81400594A EP81400594A EP0039270A2 EP 0039270 A2 EP0039270 A2 EP 0039270A2 EP 81400594 A EP81400594 A EP 81400594A EP 81400594 A EP81400594 A EP 81400594A EP 0039270 A2 EP0039270 A2 EP 0039270A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
enclosure
section
installation according
intermediate zone
grinding
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EP81400594A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0039270B1 (en
EP0039270A3 (en
Inventor
Serge Louis Joseph E. Delessard
Roger Marcel Puff
Jean-Claude Kita
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Charbonnages de France CDF
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Charbonnages de France CDF
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
    • C10B57/10—Drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
    • F23K1/04—Heating fuel prior to delivery to combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/10—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers
    • F26B17/101—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis
    • F26B17/102—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by fluid currents, e.g. issuing from a nozzle, e.g. pneumatic, flash, vortex or entrainment dryers the drying enclosure having the shape of one or a plurality of shafts or ducts, e.g. with substantially straight and vertical axis with material recirculation, classifying or disintegrating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
    • F26B3/092—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating
    • F26B3/0923—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating by mechanical means, e.g. vibrated plate, stirrer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
    • F23K2201/10—Pulverizing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an installation for the treatment by drying and / or heating and grinding of a granular material.
  • a mixture of coal to be treated in this goal is usually characterized by the following particle size breakdown: 100% ⁇ 20 mm, 90% ⁇ 10mm, 50 to 65% ⁇ 3.15 mm.
  • the fumes from the combustion chamber make it possible to dry the coal grains, when they are the most humid (between 7 and 11%), by yielding part of their sensible heat to evaporate the surface grain, which reduces their average temperature.
  • the grains of carbon remain at a temperature of 100 ° C until the water is not evaporated.
  • the coal becomes drier and more sensitive to the degradation of its coking properties, but the temperature of the fumes has already considerably decreased and reaches 300-380 ° C.
  • preheated coal may be intended to be steamed in coke ovens: if the particle size of the coal is too coarse, it is necessary to use a larger quantity of steam to transport the coal in the ovens and overpressures occur in these; on the other hand, if the particle size is too fine, the quantities of carbon entrained in the riser gas recovery are too large and constitute a significant loss of production, as well as those entrained in a decompression line making it possible to eliminate part coal transport steam before it enters the furnaces.
  • the grinder rotated in the fluidized layer makes it possible to achieve the particle size suitable for charging from raw coal of suitable particle size to avoid, during drying, the degradation of fine grains. Effetn effect, the grinding is done by percussion of the bars or hammers of the crusher on the coarsest grains, by percussion of the grains between them, by percussion of the grains on the walls.
  • the wall effects are very significant and the grain-wall contacts are much more numerous than on a large installation, where there are also inevitably preferential passages in which the gases reach high speeds and where the grains, even very coarse, can be entrained without encountering obstacles allowing their grinding.
  • the preheated coal will contain insufficiently ground and preheated grains. It is understandable that it is impossible to keep in the extrapolation of a device, where the flow rate is proportional to the section, a constant wall surface to section ratio.
  • the grinding mobile can occupy a maximum of space in the elutriation zone.
  • the vertical projection of the grinding mass represents 80% of the section of the elutriation zone.
  • the grains of coal entering the elutriation zone have a high probability of being intercepted by the grinding mobile.
  • the latter moreover, is rotated at a peripheral speed sufficient to communicate to the particles the energy necessary for the bursting of the grains.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid the above drawbacks and to restore the advantages of small devices to large devices, that is to say to completely combine the effects of drying and / or heating and grinding with a coarse starting granular product and a treated product of finer and tighter particle size.
  • the intermediate zone or zones are located in the upper half of the vertical enclosure, preferably in the vicinity of two-thirds of the height of the vertical enclosure.
  • an intermediate zone prefferably constituted by transverse bars arranged on at least one horizontal level, for example on two levels in alternating or crossed parallel arrangement.
  • the intermediate zone is constituted by a grid and, according to another variant, by a diaphragm.
  • the reduction in effective cross section is of the order of 25 to 60% of effective cross section is of the order of 25 to 60% of the free cross section of the enclosure.
  • a vertical enclosure 1 of rectangular section at the base of which an ascending duct 2 for a gaseous fluidization and entrainment agent consisting of hot fumes produced by a combustion chamber 3 which flows, in the pipe 2 through a venturi 4.
  • a rotating mobile 5 In the enclosure 1, and in the lower part thereof, is disposed a rotating mobile 5 with hammers of horizontal axis 6.
  • the height H of the part of the enclosure having a substantially constant rectangular section is 2.5 to 3 times the diameter of the rotary mobile 5.
  • bars 10 are arranged arranged in parallel on two rows 11 arranged alternately covering together about 50% of the free section of the enclosure.
  • the section is narrowed by a diaphragm 14 carried by the walls and reducing the cross section to approximately 50% of the free section of the enclosure.
  • This diaphragm 14 is surmounted by an inclined plane 15 to reduce the accumulation of dust.
  • the preferred mode is that which includes bars, because of the simplicity of installation, exchange and maintenance.
  • FIG. 10 shows the particle size distribution of a raw coal and the products leaving various types of installation to be compared.
  • the opening of the meshs of the test colander (lower line) and the corresponding AFNOR module (upper line) is shown on the abscissa and on the ordinate the percentage of the pass of each mesh expressed on a logarithmic scale.
  • Curve A is that of rough coal at about 50% ⁇ 3.15 mm.
  • Curve B is that of the same coal after treatment in a known type of tooth installation. It has a completely free cross section of 0.1 m 2 (0.56 x 0.18 m) over a height of 2 m with a mobile 0.51 m in diameter with a peripheral speed of 17 to 20 m / s in the presence of fumes having, in the enclosure, the speed of 4 to 4.5 m / s. As is known, a favorable B curve is obtained with approximately 95% ⁇ 3.15 mm and only 14% ⁇ 0.2mm (compared to 11% of the starting carbon). This means that there was no overgrinding.
  • Curve C is that of the same coal after treatment in an installation also of known type, but extrapolated from the previous one, the enclosure of which has a completely free cross section of 7.2 m 2 (3x2.4m) over a height of 4 m with a mobile 1.7 m in diameter having a peripheral speed of 17 to 20 m / s in the presence of fumes having, in the enclosure, the speed of 4 to 4.5 m / s. This time we get 98% of 3.15mm, but with more than 40% of ⁇ 0.2mm, which is not admissible.
  • a solution is, in this case, to increase the speed of the gases up to 5 to 6 m / s, which leads to the curve D, which brings back to around 95% ⁇ 3.15 mm but still 35% ⁇ 0.2 mm, that is to say with too much overscan.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

1. Installation for the treatment of a granular material by drying and/or heating and grinding, which comprises, a vertical chamber (1) for fluidisation treatment, a duct (2) for a gaseous fluidisation and entrainment agent leading into the bottom of the chamber, the chamber being fitted, in its lower part, with a rotatable member (5) for impact grinding, the axis (6) of the rotatable member being horizontal, the said chamber having a cross-section which is substantially constant over a height which is at least about 2.5 times the diameter of the rotating movable member, means (7) for introducing the granular material to be treated at the bottom of the said chamber, a pneumatic entrainment duct (9) for the treated material, connected to the upper part of the said fluidisation treatment chamber, and an intermediate zone of reduced apparent cross-section, the said cross-section being smaller than that of the other zones of the chamber but greater than that of the entrainment duct (9), characterised in that this intermediate zone of reduced apparent cross-section is located in the upper half of the vertical chamber (1), at about two-thirds of the height of the said vertical chamber (1).

Description

Installation pour le traitement par séchage et/ou chauffage et broyage d'un matériau granuleux.Installation for treatment by drying and / or heating and grinding of a granular material.

L'invention concerne une installation pour le traitement par séchage et/ou chauffage et broyage d'un matériau granuleux.The invention relates to an installation for the treatment by drying and / or heating and grinding of a granular material.

On connaît, notamment par les brevets français Nos 1 357 803 et 1 555 546 du demandeur, de telles installations dans lesquelles le matériau à traiter est d'abord entraîné par transport pneumatique par des fumées chaudes puis entraîné par ces mêmes fumées dans une enceinte verticale de fluidisation dans la partie inférieure de laquelle tourne un mobile de broyage par impact. Une zone de triage par élutriation, dite de revanche, surmontant ce mobile est de hauteur suffisante pour permettre la retombée des gros grains projetés hors du lit fluidisé. Dans cette zone d'élutriation les grains non broyés ou insuffisamment broyés dans la couche fluidisée et entraînés par les fumées sortant de la couche fluidisée sédimentent et retombent dans la couche fluidisée, où ils subissent un broyage complémentaire, tandis que les particules séchées et broyées ayant atteint la finesse désirée sont entraînées pneumati- quement dans une conduite d'entraînement pneumatique du matériau traité. Dans le brevet N° 1 357 803 cette conduite est disposée latéralement à la partie supérieure de l'enceinte de fluidisation, tandis que dans le brsvet N° 1 555 546 elle est centrale et réglable en hauteur pour obtenir une grapulométrie désirée.We know, in particular from the French patents Nos 1 357 803 and 1 555 546 of the applicant, such installations in which the material to be treated is first entrained by pneumatic transport by hot fumes and then entrained by these same fumes in a vertical enclosure fluidization in the lower part of which rotates an impact grinding mobile. A sorting zone by elutriation, called revenge, surmounting this mobile is of sufficient height to allow the fall of large grains projected out of the fluidized bed. In this elutriation zone, the unground or insufficiently ground grains in the fluidized layer and entrained by the fumes leaving the fluidized layer sediment and fall back into the fluidized layer, where they undergo additional grinding, while the dried and ground particles having reached the desired fineness are driven pneumatically in a pneumatic drive pipe of the treated material. In patent No. 1,357,803 this pipe is arranged laterally at the upper part of the fluidization enclosure, while in patent No. 1,555,546 it is central and adjustable in height to obtain a desired particle size.

Le phénomène de retombée dans le broyeur des grains insuffisamment broyés permet de réaliser de façon très simple et économique un broyage "méthodique" analogue à celui qui pourrait être réalisé en criblant le produit traité et en recyclent les plus gros grains.The phenomenon of fallout in the grinder of the insufficiently ground grains makes it possible to carry out in a very simple and economical manner a "methodical" grinding analogous to that which could be carried out by screening the treated product and recycling the largest grains.

Si on soumet au traitement dans l'installation un charbon à sécher et/ou préchauffer et à broyer, en vue de son enfournement dans un four à coke, il est nécessaire que ce charbon soit broyé à une dimension bien précise, c'est-à-dire à une granulométrie très serrée avec peu de fins et peu de gros.If a coal to be dried and / or preheated and ground is subjected to treatment in the installation, with a view to placing it in a coke oven, it is necessary for this coal to be ground to a very precise dimension, that is to say ie at a very tight particle size with few ends and few coarse.

Un mélange de charbon à traiter dans ce but est usuellement caractérisé par la décomposition granulométrique suivante : 100% < 20 mm, 90% < 10mm, 50 à 65% < 3,15 mm.A mixture of coal to be treated in this goal is usually characterized by the following particle size breakdown: 100% <20 mm, 90% <10mm, 50 to 65% <3.15 mm.

Les fumées issues de la chambre de combustion par exemple à 800°C permettent de sécher les grains de charbon, au moment où ils sont les plus humides .(entre 7 et 11%), en cédant une partie de leur chaleur sensible pour évaporer l'humidité superficielle des grains, ce qui réduit leur température moyenne. Les grains de charbon restent à une température de 100°C tant oue l'eau n'est pas évaporée. Au cours du transport vers la zone de fluidisation, le charbon devient plus sec et plus sensible à la dégradation de ses propriétés cokéfiantes, mais la température des fu- nées a déjà beaucoup diminué et atteint 300-3800C.The fumes from the combustion chamber, for example at 800 ° C, make it possible to dry the coal grains, when they are the most humid (between 7 and 11%), by yielding part of their sensible heat to evaporate the surface grain, which reduces their average temperature. The grains of carbon remain at a temperature of 100 ° C until the water is not evaporated. During transport to the fluidization zone, the coal becomes drier and more sensitive to the degradation of its coking properties, but the temperature of the fumes has already considerably decreased and reaches 300-380 ° C.

Il est donc, de ce point de vue, plus avantageux de sécher de grosses particules et d'ajuster le broyage du charbon à la granulométrie recherchée (90% < 3,15 mm) une fois que le charbon est préchauffé. C'est ce qui est réalisé avec le broyeur placé dans la zone de fluidisation. Ce broyeur agit en outre sur le temps de séjour des grains de charbon dans la zone de fluidisation : s'il est supprimé la perte de charge de la zone de fluidisation augmente, ce qui signifie que le temps de séjour des grains de charbon dans la zone de fluidisation augmente.It is therefore, from this point of view, more advantageous to dry large particles and to adjust the grinding of the coal to the desired particle size (90% <3.15 mm) once the coal is preheated. This is what is achieved with the mill placed in the fluidization zone. This grinder also acts on the residence time of the coal grains in the fluidization zone: if it is removed, the pressure drop of the fluidization zone increases, which means that the residence time of the coal grains in the fluidization area increases.

De ce fait, des grains de charbon déjà secs et préchauffés, mais encore en mouvement au sein de la zone de fluidisation, risquent d'être mis, dans la partie inférieure de la zone de fluidisation, en contact avec des fumées encore chaudes (300-380°C) ; il y a donc des risques pour que certains grains de charbon et, en particulier les plus fins, voient leurs propriétés cokéfiantes dégradées. Lorsque le broyeur est en service, la perte de charge de la zone de fluidisation est plus faible : le broyeur a un effet de ventilateur uui permet aux particules les plus fines de s'échapper rapidement du lit et de n'être ni dégradées, ni surbroyées.As a result, grains of coal already dry and preheated, but still in motion within the fluidization zone, risk being brought into contact, in the lower part of the fluidization zone, with still hot fumes (300 -380 ° C); there are therefore risks that certain grains of coal and, in particular the finest, may see their coking properties degraded. When the mill is in service, the pressure drop in the fluidization zone is lower: the mill has a fan effect which allows the finest particles to escape quickly from the bed and to be neither degraded nor overshooted.

Par ailleurs, le charbon préchauffé peut être destiné à être enfourné à la vapeur dans les fours à coke : si la granulométrie du charbon est trop grossière, il est nécessaire d'utiliser une plus grande quantité de vapeur pour le transport du charbon dans les fours et des surpressions se produisent dans ceux-ci; en revanche, si la granulométrie est trop fine, les quantités de charbon entraînées dans la colonne montante de récupération des gaz sont trop importantes et constituent une perte de production notable, de même que celles entraînées dans une conduite de décompression permettant d'éliminer une partie de la vapeur de transport du charbon avant son entrée dans les fours. Ces considérations montrent tout l'intérêt que présente la réalisation d'une granulométrie optimale très serrée.By the way, preheated coal may be intended to be steamed in coke ovens: if the particle size of the coal is too coarse, it is necessary to use a larger quantity of steam to transport the coal in the ovens and overpressures occur in these; on the other hand, if the particle size is too fine, the quantities of carbon entrained in the riser gas recovery are too large and constitute a significant loss of production, as well as those entrained in a decompression line making it possible to eliminate part coal transport steam before it enters the furnaces. These considerations show the advantage of achieving a very tight optimum particle size.

Sur les installations de taille réduite, le broyeur mis en rotation dans la couche fluidisée permet de réaliser la granulométrie convenable pour l'enfournement à partir du charbon brut de granulométrie convenable pour éviter, lors du séchage, la dégradation des grains fins. Ξn effet, le broyage se fait par percussion des barreaux ou des marteaux du broyeur sur les grains les plus grossiers, par percussion des grains entre eux, par percussion des grains sur les parois.On small installations, the grinder rotated in the fluidized layer makes it possible to achieve the particle size suitable for charging from raw coal of suitable particle size to avoid, during drying, the degradation of fine grains. Effetn effect, the grinding is done by percussion of the bars or hammers of the crusher on the coarsest grains, by percussion of the grains between them, by percussion of the grains on the walls.

Sur une installation de faible débit, donc de faible section, les effets de parois sont très importants et les contacts grains-parois sont beaucoup plus nombreux que sur une installation de grandes dimensions, où il se produit par ailleurs inévitablement des passages préférentiels dans lesquels les gaz atteignent des vitesses élevées et où les grains, même très grossiers, peuvent être entraînés sans rencontrer d'obstacles permettant leur broyage. De ce fait, le charbon préchauffé renfermera des grains insuffisamment broyés et préchauffés. On conçoit qu'il est impossible de conserver dans l'extrapolation d'un appareil, où le débit est proportionnel à la section, un rapport surface de paroi sur section constant.On a low flow installation, therefore of small cross section, the wall effects are very significant and the grain-wall contacts are much more numerous than on a large installation, where there are also inevitably preferential passages in which the gases reach high speeds and where the grains, even very coarse, can be entrained without encountering obstacles allowing their grinding. As a result, the preheated coal will contain insufficiently ground and preheated grains. It is understandable that it is impossible to keep in the extrapolation of a device, where the flow rate is proportional to the section, a constant wall surface to section ratio.

Four ce faire, il faudrait essentiellement extrapoler la section en augmentant une seule des dimensions, l'installation serait alors de faible largeur, de très grande longueur, ce qui poserait des problèmes de répartition homogène du charbon brut par les vis d'alimentation et de dimension du mobile de broyage qui devrait, de plus, tourner très rapidement pour lui conserver la constance de la vitesse périphérique. Il serait également loisible d'augmenter la hauteur de la zone d'élutriation, mais on aurait alors un poids d'installation beaucoup plus impor- . tant.To do this, it would be essential Lement extrapolate the section by increasing only one of the dimensions, the installation would then be narrow, very long, which would pose problems of homogeneous distribution of the raw coal by the feed screws and the size of the grinding wheel which should, moreover, turn very quickly to keep it constant in peripheral speed. It would also be possible to increase the height of the elutriation zone, but we would then have a much greater installation weight. so much.

De même, sur une installation de faible section le mobile de broyage peut occuper dans la zone d'élutriation un maximum d'espace. Par exemple, dans une installation pilote 1 t/h, la projection verticale du sobi- le de broyage représente 80% de la section de la zone d'élutriation. Dans ces conditions, les grains de charbon entrant dans la zone d'élutriation ont une forte probabilité d'être interceptés par le mobile de broyage. Ce dernier, par ailleurs, est mis en rotation à une vitesse périphérique suffisante pour communiquer aux particules l'énergie nécessaire à l'éclatement des grains.Likewise, on a small section installation, the grinding mobile can occupy a maximum of space in the elutriation zone. For example, in a 1 t / h pilot plant, the vertical projection of the grinding mass represents 80% of the section of the elutriation zone. Under these conditions, the grains of coal entering the elutriation zone have a high probability of being intercepted by the grinding mobile. The latter, moreover, is rotated at a peripheral speed sufficient to communicate to the particles the energy necessary for the bursting of the grains.

Pour extrapoler, lorsque l'on choisit l'installation la plus compacte possible, la conservation du rapport diamètre-section conduirait à des mobiles de broyage de grand diamètre, donc très lourds, tournant à faible vitesse, difficilement réalisables. Il faut donc admettre que le rapport diamètre du mobile-section devient de plus en plus faible lorsque l'on extrapole et, de ce fait, la fonction de dispersion du broyeur devient de moins en moins efficace.To extrapolate, when the most compact installation is chosen, keeping the diameter-section ratio would lead to large diameter grinding mobiles, therefore very heavy, rotating at low speed, difficult to achieve. It must therefore be admitted that the diameter ratio of the mobile-section becomes more and more small when we extrapolate and, as a result, the dispersion function of the mill becomes less and less effective.

Finalement, on constate que, plus l'installation est de grande dimension, plus il est difficile d'obtenir une granulométrie resserrée. Si on réduit la vitesse périphérique du mobile, on augmente la proportion de gros et si on augmente cette vitesse périphérique, on augmente la proportion de fins, c'est-à-dire que, dans tous les cas on a une décomposition granulométrique défavorable avec surbroyage ou sans broyage, ce qui contraint, parfois, à renoncer à la fonction de broyage dans le sécheur ou préchauffeur..Finally, it can be seen that the larger the installation, the more difficult it is to obtain a tight particle size. If we reduce the peripheral speed of the mobile, we increase the proportion of large and if we increase this peripheral speed, we increase the proportion of ends, that is to say that in all cases we have an unfavorable particle size decomposition with overgrinding or without grinding, which sometimes means giving up the grinding function in the dryer or preheater.

Le but de l'invention est d'éviter les incopvénients précédents et de restituer aux appareils de grandes dimensions les avantages des appareils de petite dimension, c'est-à-dire d'y combiner complètement les effets de séchage et/ou chauffage et de broyage avec un produit granuleux de départ grossier et un produit traité de granulométrie plus fine et plus serrée.The object of the invention is to avoid the above drawbacks and to restore the advantages of small devices to large devices, that is to say to completely combine the effects of drying and / or heating and grinding with a coarse starting granular product and a treated product of finer and tighter particle size.

Ce but est atteint, selon l'invention, dans une installation pour le traitement par séchage et/ou chauffage et broyage d'un matériau granuleux compre- pant :

  • - une enceinte verticale de traitement par fluidisation, à la base de laquelle débouche un conduit d'un agent gazeux de fluidisation et d'entraînement et munie d'un mobile tournant de broyage par impact à axe horizontel disposé dans la partie inférieure de l'erceinte, celle-ci ayant une section droite sensiblement constante sur une hauteur d'au moins environ 2,5 fois le diamètre du mobile tournant,
  • - des moyens d'introduction à la base de adite enceinte et/ou dans ledit conduit du matériau granuleux à traiter,
  • - une conduite d'entraierent pneumatique du matériau traité par l'agent gazeux se raccordant à la partie supérieure de l'enceinte de traitement par fluidisation,
    grâce au fait que, dans sa partie surmontant la partie inférieure contenant le mobile tournant, l'enceinte comporte au moins une zone intermédiaire de section transversale apparente plus faible que celle des autres zones de l'enceinte, mais toutefois plus grande que celle de ladite conduite d'entraînement pneumatique.
This object is achieved, according to the invention, in an installation for the treatment by drying and / or heating and grinding of a granular material comprising:
  • - a vertical fluidization treatment enclosure, at the base of which opens a conduit for a gaseous fluidization and drive agent and provided with a rotating impact grinding mobile with horizontal axis disposed in the lower part of the erceinte, this having a substantially constant cross section over a height of at least about 2.5 times the diameter of the rotating mobile,
  • means of introduction to the base of pregnant adite and / or into said conduit of the granular material to be treated,
  • a pneumatic entrainment line for the material treated with the gaseous agent connecting to the upper part of the fluidization treatment enclosure,
    thanks to the fact that, in its part surmounting the lower part containing the rotary mobile, the enclosure comprises at least one intermediate zone of apparent cross section smaller than that of the other zones of the enclosure, but nevertheless larger than that of said pneumatic drive line.

De cette façon on augmente les chocs des grains trop gros, on régularise les flux gazeux et on évite, dans le lit fluidisé, la constitution de passages préférentiels par lesquels sent entraînés les grains les plus grossiers.In this way, the shocks of excessively large grains are increased, the gas flows are regulated and the formation of passages is avoided in the fluidized bed. preferential by which feels the coarsest grains.

Selon l'invention, la ou les zones intermédiaires sont localisées dans la moitié supérieure de l'enceinte verticale, de préférence, au voisinage des deux-tiers de la hauteur de l'enceinte verticale.According to the invention, the intermediate zone or zones are located in the upper half of the vertical enclosure, preferably in the vicinity of two-thirds of the height of the vertical enclosure.

Il est avantageux et économique qu'une zone intermédiaire soit constituée par des barreaux transversaux disposés sur au moins un niveau horizontal, par exemple sur deux niveaux en disposition parallèles alternés ou croisés.It is advantageous and economical for an intermediate zone to be constituted by transverse bars arranged on at least one horizontal level, for example on two levels in alternating or crossed parallel arrangement.

De cette façon, on augmente la probabilité d'impact des grains trop grossiers, qui retombent alors dans le lit fluidisé soumis à l'action du mobile pour y être rebroyés, alors que, par l'augmentation locale de la vitesse des fumées d'entraînement, les particules ayant atteint la taille désirée sont entraînées par les filets gazeux déviés par les barreaux.In this way, the probability of impact of the coarse grains is increased, which then fall back into the fluidized bed subjected to the action of the mobile to be reground there, whereas, by the local increase in the speed of the smoke of entrainment, the particles having reached the desired size are entrained by the gaseous nets deflected by the bars.

Selon une variante, la zone intermédiaire est constituée par une grille et, selon une autre variante, par un diaphragme.According to one variant, the intermediate zone is constituted by a grid and, according to another variant, by a diaphragm.

Il est avantageux que la réduction de section transversale efficace soit de l'ordre de 25 à 60% de section transversale efficace soit de l'ordre de 25 à 60% de la section transversale libre de l'enceinte.It is advantageous that the reduction in effective cross section is of the order of 25 to 60% of effective cross section is of the order of 25 to 60% of the free cross section of the enclosure.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description, qui sera donnée ci-après uniquement à titre d'exemples, de modes de réalisation de l'invention. On se reportera à cet effet aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • - les figures 1 et 2 sont deux vues en coupe verticale orthogonale l'une à l'autre d'une installation selon l'invention,
  • - les figures 3 et 4 sont deux vues analogues aux figures 1 et 2 de l'enceinte d'une autre variante de l'invention,
  • - les figures 5 et 6 sont encore deux vues analogues aux précédentes d'une autre variante de l'enceinte de l'invention,
  • - les figure 7 et 8 sont deux vues d'une quatrième variante de l'enceinte, et
  • - la figure 9 est une vue en plan de la grille en place dans l'installation des figures 7 et 8,
  • - la figure 10 est une représentation graphique des courbes de décomncsition granuloaétrique de charbons traités dans des installations connues et dans celle de l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description, which will be given below only by way of examples, of embodiments of the invention. For this purpose, reference is made to the appended drawings, in which:
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are two views in vertical section orthogonal to one another of an installation according to the invention,
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are two views similar to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the enclosure of another variant of the invention,
  • - Figures 5 and 6 are two more views similar to the preceding of another variant of the enclosure of the invention,
  • - Figures 7 and 8 are two views of a fourth variant of the enclosure, and
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view of the grid in place in the installation of FIGS. 7 and 8,
  • - Figure 10 is a graphical representation of the granuloaetric decomposition curves of coals treated in known installations and in that of the invention.

Dans les installations représentées, il y a une enceinte verticale 1 de section rectangulaire, à la base de laquelle découche un conduit ascendant 2 pour un agent gazeux de fluidisation et d'entraînement consistant en fumées chaudes produites par une chambre de combustion 3 qui débite, dans la conduite 2 à travers un venturi 4. Dans l'enceinte 1, et dans la partie inférieure de celle-ci, est disposé un mobile tournant 5 à marteaux d'axe 6 horizontal. La hauteur H de la partie de l'enceinte ayant une section rectangulaire sensiblement constante est de 2,5 à 3 fois le diamètre du mobile tournant 5. Dans la conduite 2 débouche, au-dessus du venturi 4, un alimentateur 7 à vis pour du charbon provenant d'une trémie 8. A la partie supérieure de l'enceinte, et dans le prolongement de celle-ci (figures 1 à 6) ou latéralement à celle-ci (figures 7 et 8), est raccordée une conduite 9 d'entraînement pneumatique du matériau traité par l'agent gazeux. Tout ce qui viont d'être décrit en regard des figures est connu en sci.In the installations shown, there is a vertical enclosure 1 of rectangular section, at the base of which an ascending duct 2 for a gaseous fluidization and entrainment agent consisting of hot fumes produced by a combustion chamber 3 which flows, in the pipe 2 through a venturi 4. In the enclosure 1, and in the lower part thereof, is disposed a rotating mobile 5 with hammers of horizontal axis 6. The height H of the part of the enclosure having a substantially constant rectangular section is 2.5 to 3 times the diameter of the rotary mobile 5. In the pipe 2 opens, above the venturi 4, a screw feeder 7 for coal from a hopper 8. At the upper part of the enclosure, and in the extension thereof (Figures 1 to 6) or laterally thereto (Figures 7 and 8), is connected a line 9 pneumatic drive of the material treated with the gaseous agent. Everything that needs to be described with regard to the figures is known in sci.

Environ aux deux-tiers de la hauteur H, on a disposé des barreaux 10 arrangés parallèlement sur deux rangées 11 disposées alternées couvrant à elles deux environ 50% de la section libre de l'enceinte.About two-thirds of the height H, bars 10 are arranged arranged in parallel on two rows 11 arranged alternately covering together about 50% of the free section of the enclosure.

Aux figures 3 et 4 la même densité de barreaux est disposée en deux rangées 12 et 13 mutuellement croisées.In FIGS. 3 and 4, the same density of bars is arranged in two mutually crossed rows 12 and 13.

Aux figures 5 et 6 la section est rétrécie par un diaphragme 14 porté par les parois et réduisant la section efficace à environ 50% de la section libre de l'enceinte. Ce diaphragme 14 est surmonté par un plan incliné 15 pour réduire l'accumulation de poussière.In Figures 5 and 6 the section is narrowed by a diaphragm 14 carried by the walls and reducing the cross section to approximately 50% of the free section of the enclosure. This diaphragm 14 is surmounted by an inclined plane 15 to reduce the accumulation of dust.

, Aux figures 7 et 8 les barreaux et le diaphragme sont remplacés par une grille 16 représentée à la figure 9., In Figures 7 and 8 the bars and the diaphragm are replaced by a grid 16 shown in Figure 9.

De tous ces modes de réalisation, le mode préféré est celui qui comporte des barreaux, en raison de la simplicité d'installation, d'échange et d'entretien.Of all these embodiments, the preferred mode is that which includes bars, because of the simplicity of installation, exchange and maintenance.

On a représenté à la figure 10 la décomposition granulométrigue d'un charbon brut et des produits sortants de divers types d'installation à comparer. Sur la figure 10, on a représenté en abscisses l'ouverture de mailles de la passoire d'essai (ligne inférieure) et le module AFNOR correspondant (ligne supérieure) et en ordonnées le pourcentage de passant de chaque maille exprimé sur une échelle logarithmique.FIG. 10 shows the particle size distribution of a raw coal and the products leaving various types of installation to be compared. In FIG. 10, the opening of the meshs of the test colander (lower line) and the corresponding AFNOR module (upper line) is shown on the abscissa and on the ordinate the percentage of the pass of each mesh expressed on a logarithmic scale.

Dans cette représentation, connue' comme diagramme de Rosin-Rammler, plus la pente de la courbe de décomposition granulométrique est forte plus la gra- nulonétrie est serrée, et plus cette pente est faible, plus la granulométrie est large. C'est le premier résultat qui est désirable lorsqu'on traite du charbon pour son enfournement préchauffé , notamment pour son enfournement à la vapeur.In this representation, known as the Rosin-Rammler diagram, the steeper the slope of the particle size decomposition curve, the narrower the granulometry, and the lower this slope, the wider the particle size distribution. This is the first result which is desirable when treating coal for its preheated charging, in particular for its charging with steam.

La courbe A est celle d'un charbon brut à environ 50% < 3,15 mm.Curve A is that of rough coal at about 50% <3.15 mm.

La courbe B est celle du même charbon après traitement dans une installation de type connu dent J'encointe a une section droite entièrement libre de 0,1 m2 (0,56 x 0,18 m) sur une hauteur de 2 m avec un mobile de 0,51 m de diamètre ayant une vitesse périphérique de 17 à 20 m/s en présence de fumées ayant, dans l'enceinte, la vitesse de 4 à 4,5 m/s. On obtient, comme il est connu, une courbe B favorable avec environ 95% <3,15 mm et seulement 14% <0,2mm(à comparer aux 11% du charbon de départ). C'est dire qu'il n'y a pas eu de surbroyage.Curve B is that of the same coal after treatment in a known type of tooth installation. It has a completely free cross section of 0.1 m 2 (0.56 x 0.18 m) over a height of 2 m with a mobile 0.51 m in diameter with a peripheral speed of 17 to 20 m / s in the presence of fumes having, in the enclosure, the speed of 4 to 4.5 m / s. As is known, a favorable B curve is obtained with approximately 95% <3.15 mm and only 14% <0.2mm (compared to 11% of the starting carbon). This means that there was no overgrinding.

La courbe C est celle du même charbon après traitement dans une installation également de type connu, mais extrapolée de la précédente, dont l'enceinte a une section droite entièrement libre de 7,2 m2 (3x2,4m) sur une hauteur de 4 m avec un mobile de 1,7 m de diamètre ayant une vitesse périphérique de 17 à 20 m/s en présence de fumées ayant, dans l'enceinte, la vitesse de 4 à 4,5 m/s. On obtient, cette fois 98% de 3,15mm, mais avec plus de 40% de <0,2mm, ce qui n'est pas admissible. Une parade est, dans ce cas, d'augmenter la vitesse des gaz jusqu'à 5 à 6 m/s, ce qui conduit à la courbe D, qui ramène aux environs de 95% < 3,15 mm mais encore 35% de < 0,2 mm, c'est-à-dire avec trop de surbrcyés.Curve C is that of the same coal after treatment in an installation also of known type, but extrapolated from the previous one, the enclosure of which has a completely free cross section of 7.2 m 2 (3x2.4m) over a height of 4 m with a mobile 1.7 m in diameter having a peripheral speed of 17 to 20 m / s in the presence of fumes having, in the enclosure, the speed of 4 to 4.5 m / s. This time we get 98% of 3.15mm, but with more than 40% of <0.2mm, which is not admissible. A solution is, in this case, to increase the speed of the gases up to 5 to 6 m / s, which leads to the curve D, which brings back to around 95% <3.15 mm but still 35% <0.2 mm, that is to say with too much overscan.

Mais, si on modifie l'enceinte selon l'invention, par exemple avec deux rangées de barreaux montés comme décrit, on arrive à la courbe E, sans augmenter la vitesse des gaz conservée à 4 à 4,5 m/s. On arrive alors à 95% < 3,15 mm et seulement 20% de <0,2 mm au lieu de 40% de la courbe C, la seule différence entre les courbes C et E étant l'absence ou la présence des zones intermédiaires de section transversale apparente plus faible que celle des autres zones de l'enceinte.However, if the enclosure according to the invention is modified, for example with two rows of bars mounted as described, one arrives at curve E, without increasing the speed of the gases kept at 4 to 4.5 m / s. We then arrive at 95% <3.15 mm and only 20% of <0.2 mm instead of 40% of curve C, the only difference between curves C and E being the absence or presence of the intermediate zones of apparent cross section smaller than that of the other zones of the enclosure.

Ainsi on se rapproche du broyage "méthodique" idéal.Thus we approach the ideal "methodical" grinding.

Claims (10)

- 1) Installation pour le traitement par séchage et/ou chauffage et broyage d'un matériau granuleux comprenant : - une enceinte verticale de traitement par fluidisation, à la base de laquelle débouche un conduit d'un agent gazeux de fluidisation et d'entraînement et munie d'un mobile tournant de broyage par impact à axe horizontal disposé dans la partie inférieure de l'enceinte, celle-ci ayant une section droite sensiblement constante sur une hauteur d'au moins environ 2,5 fois le diamètre du mobile tournant, - des moyens d'introduction à la base de ladite enceinte et/ou dans ledit conduit du matériau granuleux à traiter, - une conduite d'entraînement pneumatique du natériau traité par l'agent gazeux se raccordant à la partie supérieure de l'enceinte de traitement par fluidisation,
caractérisée en ce que, dans sa partie surmontant la partie inférieure contenant le mobile tournant (5), l'enceinte (1) comporte au moine une zone intermédiaire de section transversale apparente plus faible eue celle des autres zones de l'enceinte, mais toutefois, plus grande que celle de ladite conduite d'entrainement pneumatique (9).- 1) Installation for the treatment by drying and / or heating and grinding of a granular material comprising: - a vertical fluidization treatment enclosure, at the base of which opens a conduit for a gaseous fluidization and drive agent and provided with a rotating impact grinding mobile with horizontal axis disposed in the lower part of the enclosure, the latter having a substantially constant cross section over a height of at least about 2.5 times the diameter of the rotating mobile, means of introduction at the base of said enclosure and / or into said conduit of the granular material to be treated, a pneumatic drive pipe for the material treated with the gaseous agent connecting to the upper part of the fluidization treatment enclosure,
characterized in that, in its part surmounting the lower part containing the rotary mobile (5), the enclosure (1) comprises at the monk an intermediate zone of apparent cross section smaller than that of the other zones of the enclosure, but nevertheless , larger than that of said pneumatic drive pipe (9). 2) Installation selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la ou les zones intermédiaires sont localisées dans la moitié supérieure de l'enceinte verticale (1).2) Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate zone or zones are located in the upper half of the vertical enclosure (1). 3) Installation selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la ou les zones intermédiaires sont localisées au voisinage des deun-tiers de la hauteur de l'enceinte verticale (1).3) Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the intermediate zone or zones are located in the vicinity of two-thirds of the height of the vertical enclosure (1). 4) Installation selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'une zone intermédiaire est constituée par des barreaux transversaux (10) disposés sur au moins un niveau horizontal (1).4) Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that an intermediate zone is constituted by transverse bars (10) arranged on at least one horizontal level (1). 5) Installation selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que les barreaux (10) d'une zone intermédiaire sont disposés sur deux niveaux (11; 12,13).5) Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the bars (10) of an intermediate zone are arranged on two levels (11; 12,13). 6) Installation selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que les barreaux (10) des deux niveaux (11) sont parallèles et alternés.6) Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the bars (10) of the two levels (11) are parallel and alternate. 7) Installation selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que les barreaux (10) des deux niveaux (12, 13) sont croisés.7) Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the bars (10) of the two levels (12, 13) are crossed. 8) Installation selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'une zone intermédiaire est constituée par une grille (16).8) Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that an intermediate zone is constituted by a grid (16). 9) Installation selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'une zone intermédiaire est constituée par un diaphragme (14).9) Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that an intermediate zone is constituted by a diaphragm (14). 10) Installation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que la réduction de section transversale efficace est de l'ordre de 25 à 60% de la section transversale libre de l'enceinte (1).10) Installation according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the reduction in effective cross section is of the order of 25 to 60% of the free cross section of the enclosure (1).
EP81400594A 1980-04-25 1981-04-14 Arrangement for a drying and/or heating treatment and grinding of granular material Expired EP0039270B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8009391 1980-04-25
FR8009391A FR2481147A1 (en) 1980-04-25 1980-04-25 INSTALLATION FOR THE TREATMENT BY DRYING AND / OR HEATING AND GRINDING OF A GRANULAR MATERIAL

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EP0039270A3 EP0039270A3 (en) 1981-12-16
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AU (1) AU540961B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8102316A (en)
CA (1) CA1167011A (en)
DE (1) DE3171551D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2481147A1 (en)
MX (1) MX152882A (en)
ZA (1) ZA812473B (en)

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FR2532734A1 (en) * 1982-09-02 1984-03-09 Stein Industrie Moist friable block drying equipment
TR24518A (en) * 1983-01-04 1991-11-12 Stein Industrie A MATERIAL IN HUMIDITY AND EASY FLASHABLE BLOCKS WITH A HOT GAS
EP0640572A1 (en) * 1993-08-27 1995-03-01 BPB INDUSTRIES public limited company Method and apparatus for heating and grinding materials
FR2924435A1 (en) * 2007-11-30 2009-06-05 Inst Francais Du Petrole Unit for roasting and milling large biomass particles in a fluidised bed, e.g. to make fine, dry wood particles for gasification, has 3 fluidising zones defined by a sloping wall, with a mill at the bottom
EP2940106A4 (en) * 2012-12-26 2017-01-11 SK Innovation Co., Ltd. Pneumatic conveying dryer for carbon fuel
CN109269260A (en) * 2018-10-10 2019-01-25 连云港市农业科学院 A kind of rice drying equipment of dust removal of pneumatic separation

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CN101825390B (en) * 2010-04-27 2011-11-09 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 Double-layered vibrating fluidized-bed drying-classification apparatus
CN104097868A (en) * 2014-07-09 2014-10-15 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 Vibrated fluidized bed
CN112844639A (en) * 2021-01-27 2021-05-28 温州市靖浩贸易有限公司 Automatic proper amount material loading and avoid overloaded hydraulic crusher
CN115183564B (en) * 2021-04-02 2023-12-29 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 Block ore pretreatment system and method based on distribution plate
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DE688005C (en) * 1935-08-20 1940-02-10 Rheinmetall Borsig Akt Ges Mill firing, in which the mill shaft runs perpendicular to the combustion chamber wall
FR1311351A (en) * 1961-10-25 1962-12-07 Charbonnages De France Method and apparatus for crushing and optionally drying granular non-clumping materials
US3794251A (en) * 1972-05-08 1974-02-26 Williams Patent Crusher & Pulv Material reducing system and apparatus
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2532734A1 (en) * 1982-09-02 1984-03-09 Stein Industrie Moist friable block drying equipment
TR24518A (en) * 1983-01-04 1991-11-12 Stein Industrie A MATERIAL IN HUMIDITY AND EASY FLASHABLE BLOCKS WITH A HOT GAS
EP0640572A1 (en) * 1993-08-27 1995-03-01 BPB INDUSTRIES public limited company Method and apparatus for heating and grinding materials
FR2924435A1 (en) * 2007-11-30 2009-06-05 Inst Francais Du Petrole Unit for roasting and milling large biomass particles in a fluidised bed, e.g. to make fine, dry wood particles for gasification, has 3 fluidising zones defined by a sloping wall, with a mill at the bottom
WO2009090335A3 (en) * 2007-11-30 2009-09-24 Ifp Method and device for fluidised-bed roasting and grinding of a biomass load for subsequent gasification or combustion
US8900415B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2014-12-02 IFP Energies Nouvelles Process and device for fluidized bed torrefaction and grinding of a biomass feed for subsequent gasification or combustion
EP2940106A4 (en) * 2012-12-26 2017-01-11 SK Innovation Co., Ltd. Pneumatic conveying dryer for carbon fuel
CN109269260A (en) * 2018-10-10 2019-01-25 连云港市农业科学院 A kind of rice drying equipment of dust removal of pneumatic separation
CN109269260B (en) * 2018-10-10 2020-12-15 连云港市农业科学院 Rice drying equipment with winnowing and dust removal functions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0039270B1 (en) 1985-07-31
JPS56166950A (en) 1981-12-22
FR2481147B1 (en) 1982-03-26
BR8102316A (en) 1981-12-08
AU540961B2 (en) 1984-12-13
ZA812473B (en) 1982-04-28
CA1167011A (en) 1984-05-08
MX152882A (en) 1986-06-26
EP0039270A3 (en) 1981-12-16
DE3171551D1 (en) 1985-09-05
FR2481147A1 (en) 1981-10-30
AU6980281A (en) 1981-10-29

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