EP0037363B1 - Over voltage arrester - Google Patents

Over voltage arrester Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0037363B1
EP0037363B1 EP81730023A EP81730023A EP0037363B1 EP 0037363 B1 EP0037363 B1 EP 0037363B1 EP 81730023 A EP81730023 A EP 81730023A EP 81730023 A EP81730023 A EP 81730023A EP 0037363 B1 EP0037363 B1 EP 0037363B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
arrester
diverter
housing
surge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP81730023A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0037363A1 (en
Inventor
Michael Dr. Crucius
Mohamed Aziz Hassan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to AT81730023T priority Critical patent/ATE8943T1/en
Publication of EP0037363A1 publication Critical patent/EP0037363A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0037363B1 publication Critical patent/EP0037363B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01TSPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/16Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a plurality of gaps arranged in series
    • H01T4/18Arrangements for reducing height of stacked spark gaps
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C7/00Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12Overvoltage protection resistors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01TSPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/15Details of spark gaps for protection against excessive pressure

Definitions

  • Such a surge arrester is known from CH-A-304 299.
  • a surge arrester is also known, in which arrester elements layered into a column with a cylindrical bore are arranged in a housing which is protected by a crushing membrane against internal excess pressure.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a surge arrester of high packing density of the type mentioned so that it has a minimum of inductance of the overall arrangement with at least the same packing density.
  • an arrester element or a conductive support body is arranged alternately from floor to floor in another column, such that opposite parallel directions of current flow result in adjacent floors.
  • a surge arrester which is particularly suitable for arrangement in air or nitrogen.
  • the distance between the floors can be reduced and the surge arrester can be made more compact.
  • This version is particularly suitable for installation in electronegative gas under pressure, e.g. B. SF 6 , and is particularly suitable for metal-enclosed switchgear.
  • arrester elements located in floors which are connected via scaffolding elements, offers the advantageous possibility of controlling elements, such as, for. B. linear or non-linear control resistors and capacitors, to be included as required.
  • arrester elements and a control element can be arranged on each floor [n-1], the control element being connected between the power supply and discharge lines of each floor. In this way, a chain of control elements connected in parallel to the arrester elements is created to equalize the voltage distribution.
  • the control element completes the triangular, rectangular or polygonal shape of the floors in such a way that an increase in mechanical strength is achieved. If, on the other hand, it is only a question of increasing the strength, an insulating support body with the dimensions of an arrester element can also be inserted on each floor instead of a control element.
  • the scaffolding elements can be designed as hollow bodies.
  • the modular construction of the arrester gives good access to the cavity and, if appropriate, fastening elements to be attached there.
  • the cavity of the scaffolding elements can be used as a collecting space for gases which can arise as a result of the thermal decomposition of arrester elements if the surge arrester is overloaded.
  • the interiors of the arrester elements can be connected to the cavities of the scaffolding elements and these with the surrounding atmosphere through a pressure compensation opening.
  • the z. B. can be achieved by hollow or tubular support body between the arrester elements and the scaffolding elements, is particularly suitable for surge arresters with a housing that is to be protected from sudden pressure when the arrester is overloaded.
  • the hot gases first fill the cavities of the scaffolding elements before they dampen the housing with a time delay.
  • the arrangement just described can be made even more effective in that the cavities of the scaffolding elements can be connected to the atmosphere surrounding the housing by means of a crushing membrane when an inadmissible excess pressure occurs. In this case, there is no pressure on the housing or any contamination. It can therefore be used again after the defective arrangement of arrester elements has been removed.
  • the surge arrester 1 shown in Fig. 1 comprises a housing 2 which is designed as a hollow porcelain insulator with shields. In the interior of the housing, a four-pillar structure of arrester elements is arranged between support plates 3 and 4, which are connected to a voltage-side connection 5 or an earth connection 6.
  • Each of the columns 10, 11, 12 and 13 is composed of arrester elements 14, insulating support bodies 15 and framework elements 16 in a specific order.
  • the arrester elements 14 and the insulating support body 15 have the same length, so that these elements can be combined as desired.
  • the further columns 11, 12 and 13 contain insulating support bodies 15 at the same height.
  • the open side of the U-shape is located between the columns 10 and 11.
  • the connection to the lower floor is then likewise established via a scaffolding element 16 by means of a conductor element 14, in which the current path through further conductor elements 14 is reversed Direction as in the upper floor.
  • Another conductor element 14 located in the course of the column 10 establishes the connection to the lower support plate 4, which is connected to the earth connection.
  • the other columns in turn contain insulating supporting bodies of the same dimensions parallel to the lowermost conductor element 14.
  • the mentioned arrester elements 14 are preferably voltage-dependent resistors based on zinc oxide.
  • the actual resistance body is surrounded by an insulating housing, the dimensions of which are adapted to the insulating support bodies.
  • the high mechanical strength of the zinc oxide resistors also makes it possible to dispense with separate insulating housings.
  • the resistors are connected directly to the scaffolding elements using suitable connection fittings which are fixedly attached to the resistance body.
  • the elimination of the insulating housing increases the volume of the resistance material to be accommodated and improves its cooling.
  • a series connection of spark gaps with voltage-dependent resistors can also be provided.
  • This can e.g. B. happen that one or more of the arrester elements 14 in Fig. 1 are designed as spark gaps.
  • the spark gaps do not need their own gas-tight encapsulation if the structure shown in FIG. 1 is arranged within the housing 2 in an atmosphere which leads to the desired mode of operation of the spark gaps. In a known manner, this can be achieved by filling the housing 2 with nitrogen.
  • FIG. 2 shows another exemplary embodiment of a surge arrester. Similar to FIG. 1, a column structure with four columns 20, 21, 22 and 23 is again selected, which are arranged in the corner points of a square. Likewise, a uniform structure with a number of floors lying perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the columns is achieved by means of scaffolding elements 24, insulating support bodies 25 and conductive support bodies 26 and also arrester elements 27. In contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to the FIG., however, no arrester elements are used in the longitudinal direction of the columns, ie for connecting the floors to one another, but instead only insulating support bodies 25 and conductive support bodies 26 are used alternately. These support bodies are smaller than the corresponding parts in the example according to FIG. 1.
  • the spacing of the floors from one another is significantly smaller, which results in a higher packing density of the arrester elements.
  • This embodiment is therefore particularly suitable for installation in a gas with a high insulating capacity, for. B. the sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) used in gas-insulated, metal-enclosed switchgear.
  • SF 6 sulfur hexafluoride
  • a metal housing 28 is provided, into which the voltage connection is introduced by means of a disk bushing 29.
  • a spark gap unit 30 which is encapsulated in an insulating housing 31, is used in the second floor from above in addition to the arrester elements 27 consisting of voltage-dependent resistors.
  • a different gas than the insulating gas mentioned can be used in the area of the electrodes of the spark gap unit in order to achieve a desired response and extinguishing behavior of the spark gap. Nitrogen is particularly suitable for operating the spark gap.
  • a scaffolding element is shown as an individual part in FIG. 3.
  • the scaffold element 33 is designed as a cylindrical body and has an upper and a lower cover surface 34 and 35, each with a threaded hole 36 or 37, and on its circumference three threaded holes 40, 41 and 42 at an angle of 90 ° Arrangement of the threaded holes, the scaffold element 33 can be used at any point of the surge arrester shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. If the arrester elements as well as the insulating and conductive support bodies are provided with suitable threaded pins, the surge arresters described can be assembled in a modular manner. Instead of threaded holes, profile holes or simple through holes can also be provided if the scaffolding elements are designed as hollow bodies and the interior for attaching fastening elements, eg. B. pins, nuts or the like., Accessible. For this purpose, the scaffolding element can be formed in two parts by division along a line 43 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 3 in the manner of a pot and a lid.
  • arrester elements are respectively connected in series in the floors perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the columns.
  • additional arrester elements connected in parallel can also be provided, as is shown schematically in FIG. 4.
  • the arrester elements 45 are symbolized here by lines in the arrangement corresponding to the four-column structure explained.
  • Two arrester elements are connected in parallel by conductive connections 46.
  • Each level of the arrester therefore contains six instead of three arrester elements. If a further increase in the leakage current to be controlled or the energy to be absorbed is desired, then more than two arrester elements can be connected in parallel on each floor. The rest of the arrangement, in particular the arrangement of conductive and insulating support bodies between the floors, remains unchanged.
  • a control element 73, z. B. a linear or a non-linear resistor or a capacitor is connected, which in connection with the same control elements 73 of the other floors forms a chain of control elements connected in parallel to the arrester elements 45, which equalize the voltage distribution.
  • conductor elements 45 are connected in parallel on one side of the polygon arrangement, control elements can also be connected in parallel.
  • surge arresters are not only suitable for arresters with a housing (2 in Fig. 1, 28 in Fig. 2). Rather, the active part itself can be set up as a surge arrester because the multi-column structure with the scaffolding elements can be carried out in a mechanically stable and stable manner. All that is required for outdoor installation is the weatherproof design of the components.
  • a device for pressure relief is generally required, which discharges the pressurized hot gases into the outside space when the arrester is overstressed.
  • the described column structure of the new trap offers an advantageous option for incorporating a pressure relief system.
  • the interior spaces of the scaffolding elements can be used as collecting spaces for the decomposition gases, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the interior of the active part can also be used as collecting spaces in this embodiment, which can be provided at a desired location with an opening opening into the surroundings.
  • FIG. 5 shows a section of a diverter according to FIGS. 1 or 2, a diverter element 45 with a scaffold element 46 and a subsequent support body 47.
  • the arrester element 45 contains within an insulating housing 48 a resistance body 49 which is conductively connected to the scaffolding element 46 by means of a threaded connector 50.
  • a threaded connector 50 By screwing the threaded connector 50 into the scaffold element 46, in addition to the electrical and mechanically load-bearing connection, a seal from the environment is also created.
  • the gases that occur when the resistance body 49 is overloaded therefore pass through a bore 51 of the threaded connector 50 into a cavity 52 of the scaffold element 46, from where they can spread through the subsequent tubular support body 47 to further scaffold elements.
  • a gradual reduction in pressure is achieved through a small opening 53 in the framework element 46.
  • Corresponding further openings can also be made in the other scaffolding elements, not shown.
  • the overpressure takes up the environment and therefore also against it if necessary, existing housing only gradually.
  • a crushing membrane can be arranged in a suitable location in the housing, through whose bursting the gases can escape to the outside.
  • FIG. 6 which shows a further connection point within the column structure in a representation rotated by 90 ° in relation to FIG. 5
  • two arrester elements 54 are directly connected to a scaffold element 55 without a screw connection.
  • cylindrical lugs 56 are formed on the scaffold element 55, which receive the ends of the arrester elements 54 like sleeves.
  • the connection can e.g. B. by an external thread of the housing of the arrester elements and an internal thread of the lugs 56.
  • putty or glue are also suitable for a permanent connection.
  • a conductive transition between the arrester elements and the scaffolding elements must be ensured.
  • larger cross sections for the passage of gases from the arrester elements into the scaffolding elements can be achieved according to FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 7 shows how the gases from an encapsulated arrester are of both insulating and metal encapsulated type can be derived without stressing the housing or the encapsulation in any way.
  • the column structure designated overall by 60, is designed to be closed with respect to the interior 61; H. there are no pressure equalization openings in the scaffolding elements.
  • the cavities of the support body of the column structure first open with the interposition of crushing membranes 67 in a buffer space 62 which is formed by a lower support plate 63 for the column structure 60 and the end fitting 64 of a housing 65.
  • An opening 66 of the end fitting 64 is closed by a further breaking membrane 68. If, after the crushing membranes 67 have responded, gases enter the buffer space 62, the crushing membrane 68 bursts and the gases get directly into the environment without straining the housing 65. Therefore, the housing remains in a clean and reliable condition and can be used again after the defective active part 60 has been removed.
  • Fig. 7 is indicated by dashed lines that the gases can not only exit in the axial direction according to the direction of arrow 70 from the housing 65, but also with a correspondingly selected design of the end fitting 64 also perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the housing 65 in the direction of Peiles 71 or by deflecting in the direction of arrow 72.
  • the surge arresters described can be constructed not only using the zinc oxide resistors already mentioned, which are characterized by a particularly pronounced, non-linear current-voltage characteristic, but also with other resistors suitable for surge arresters, alone or in connection with spark gaps connected in series or in parallel. Therefore z.
  • Resistors based on silicon carbide can also be used, as well as combinations of different types of resistors or mixed bodies made of different resistance materials.
  • arrester elements can also be inserted into the columnar structure, which serve to control the voltage distribution, as is known to be achieved by resistors and / or capacitors.
  • control rings can be used in addition or on their own, particularly in the case of the described arrester without a housing.

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  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
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Abstract

Disclosed are overvoltage arresters comprising a columnar arrangement of arrester elements, insulating elements and conducting elements. The elements are arranged to provide a current flow in at least one plane extending transversely to the columns. The conducting frame elements connect other elements thereto which elements extend both axially and transversely of the columns. For an arrester including n conducting frame members per plane, n-1 arrester elements are arranged per plane of the columnar structure. The current connection between adjacent plane is made by an arrester element or by a conducting member preferably such that opposite current flows are obtained in adjacent planes. Overvoltage arresters according to the invention are particularly suited for using voltage-dependent resistors of the zinc oxide type alone or in conjunction with spark gaps. The columnar structure may be disposed in a customary insulating gas such as nitrogen or in a gas with particularly high insulating strength such as SF6.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Überspannungsableiter mit folgenden Merkmalen:

  • a) Stockwerkartige Anordnung von Ableiterelementen innerhalb eines Gehäuses parallel zu Ebenen, die sich senkrecht zur Längserstreckung eines aus mehreren parallelen Säulen bestehenden Gerüstes aufspannen;
  • b) einheitliche Abmessungen der Ableiterelemente, isolierender Stützkörper und leitender Gerüstelemente;
  • c) jedes leitende Gerüstelement besitzt Anschluß- und Verbindungsmittel in Richtung der weiteren Säulen;
  • d) bei n Gerüstelementen je Stockwerk sind wenigstens [n- 1] Ableiterelemente vorhanden.
The invention relates to a surge arrester with the following features:
  • a) Floor-like arrangement of arrester elements within a housing parallel to levels that span perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of a scaffold consisting of several parallel columns;
  • b) uniform dimensions of the arrester elements, insulating support bodies and conductive scaffolding elements;
  • c) each conductive scaffold element has connection and connection means in the direction of the further columns;
  • d) with n scaffolding elements per floor, at least [n- 1] arrester elements are available.

Ein solcher Überspannungsableiter ist aus der CH-A-304 299 bekannt. Die dort zu einer höheren Packungsdichte, d. h. zu einem kompakteren Aufbau vorgesehene Anordnung der Ableiterelemente innerhalb des Gerüstes weist einen wendelförmigen Verlauf der miteinander leitend verbundenen Ableiterelemente auf, so daß die Fließrichtung des Stromes in den einzelnen Stockwerken gleichsinnig ist.Such a surge arrester is known from CH-A-304 299. The there to a higher packing density, i.e. H. for a more compact structure, the arrangement of the arrester elements within the frame has a helical profile of the conductor elements connected to one another in a conductive manner, so that the direction of flow of the current in the individual storeys is in the same direction.

Aus der DE-A-2 907 985 ist ferner ein Überspannungsableiter bekannt, bei dem zu einer Säule geschichtete Ableiterelemente mit zylindrischer Bohrung in einem mit einer durch eine Brechmembran gegen inneren Überdruck geschützten Gehäuse angeordnet sind.From DE-A-2 907 985 a surge arrester is also known, in which arrester elements layered into a column with a cylindrical bore are arranged in a housing which is protected by a crushing membrane against internal excess pressure.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Überspannungsableiter von hoher Pakkungsdichte der eingangs genannten Art so zu verbessern, daß er bei mindestens gleich hoher Packungsdichte ein Minimum an Induktivität der Gesamtanordnung aufweist.The invention has for its object to improve a surge arrester of high packing density of the type mentioned so that it has a minimum of inductance of the overall arrangement with at least the same packing density.

Die Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe gelingt nach der Erfindung dadurch, daß ein Ableiterelement oder ein leitender Stützkörper von Stockwerk zu Stockwerk wechselnd in einer anderen Säule angeordnet ist, derart, daß sich in benachbarten Stockwerken entgegengesetzte parallele Stromflußrichtungen ergeben.The object is achieved according to the invention in that an arrester element or a conductive support body is arranged alternately from floor to floor in another column, such that opposite parallel directions of current flow result in adjacent floors.

Dieser vorteilhafte Effekt läßt sich auch erreichen, wenn in den einzelnen Stockwerken parallelgeschaltete Ableiterelemente vorgesehen sind.This advantageous effect can also be achieved if parallel arrester elements are provided in the individual floors.

Bei einer Ausführung, bei der die Verbindung der Stockwerke durch ein Ableiterelement erfolgt, erhält man einen Überspannungsableiter, der sich besonders zur Anordnung in Luft oder Stickstoff eignet. Bei Verbindung der Gerüstelemente zweier benachbarter Stockwerke durch einen leitenden Stützkörper kann der Abstand der Stockwerke voneinander verringert und der Überspannungsableiter gedrängter ausgeführt sein. Diese Ausführung eignet sich insbesondere zum Einbau in elektronegatives Gas unter Druck, z. B. SF6, und ist besonders für metallgekapselte Schaltanlagen geeignet.In an embodiment in which the floors are connected by a surge arrester, a surge arrester is obtained which is particularly suitable for arrangement in air or nitrogen. When the scaffolding elements of two adjacent floors are connected by a conductive support body, the distance between the floors can be reduced and the surge arrester can be made more compact. This version is particularly suitable for installation in electronegative gas under pressure, e.g. B. SF 6 , and is particularly suitable for metal-enclosed switchgear.

Der bei der Erfindung vorgesehene Aufbau mit in Stockwerken liegenden Ableiterelementen, die über Gerüstelemente verbunden werden, bietet die vorteilhafte Möglichkeit, Steuerelemente, wie z. B. lineare oder nichtlineare Steuerwiderstände sowie Kondensatoren, zwanglos nach Bedarf einzubeziehen. Hierzu können in jedem Stockwerk [n - 1] Ableiterelemente und ein Steuerelement angeordnet sein, wobei das Steuerelement zwischen die Stromzu-und -ableitung jedes Stockwerkes geschaltet ist. Auf diese Weise entsteht eine zu den Ableiterelementen parallelgeschaltete Kette von Steuerelementen zur Vergleichmäßigung der Spannungsverteilung. Außerdem vervollständigt das Steuerelement die Dreieck-, Rechteck- oder Polygonform der Stockwerke derart, daß eine Steigerung der mechanischen Festigkeit erzielt wird. Kommt es dagegen nur auf die Steigerung der Festigkeit an, so kann anstelle eines Steuerelements in jedem Stockwerk auch ein isolierender Stützkörper mit den Abmessungen eines Ableiterelements eingefügt werden.The structure provided in the invention with arrester elements located in floors, which are connected via scaffolding elements, offers the advantageous possibility of controlling elements, such as, for. B. linear or non-linear control resistors and capacitors, to be included as required. For this purpose, arrester elements and a control element can be arranged on each floor [n-1], the control element being connected between the power supply and discharge lines of each floor. In this way, a chain of control elements connected in parallel to the arrester elements is created to equalize the voltage distribution. In addition, the control element completes the triangular, rectangular or polygonal shape of the floors in such a way that an increase in mechanical strength is achieved. If, on the other hand, it is only a question of increasing the strength, an insulating support body with the dimensions of an arrester element can also be inserted on each floor instead of a control element.

Gegebenenfalls können die Gerüstelemente als Hohlkörper ausgebildet sein. Bei einer Ausführung mit einem topfförmigen Hauptteil und einem Deckel besteht bei dem baukastenartigen Zusammenbau des Ableiters guter Zugang zu dem Hohlraum und dort gegebenenfalls anzubringenden Befestigungselementen.If necessary, the scaffolding elements can be designed as hollow bodies. In the case of an embodiment with a pot-shaped main part and a cover, the modular construction of the arrester gives good access to the cavity and, if appropriate, fastening elements to be attached there.

Darüber hinaus ist der Hohlraum der Gerüstelemente als Auffangraum für Gase verwendbar, die infolge der thermischen Zersetzung von Ableiterelementen bei einer Überlastung des Überspannungsableiters entstehen können. Hierzu können die Innenräume der Ableiterelemente mit den Hohlräumen der Gerüstelemente und diese mit der umgebenden Atmosphäre durch eine Druckausgleichsöffnung in Verbindung stehen. Diese Anordnung, die z. B. durch hohle bzw. rohrförmige Stützkörper zwischen den Ableiterelementen und den Gerüstelementen zu erreichen ist, eignet sich insbesondere für Überspannungsableiter mit einem Gehäuse, das vor der plötzlichen Druckbeanspruchung bei einer Überlastung des Ableiters geschützt werden soll. Die heißen Gase füllen nämlich zuerst die Hohlräume der Gerüstelemente, bevor sie mit zeitlicher Verzögerung gedämpft das Gehäuse beanspruchen.In addition, the cavity of the scaffolding elements can be used as a collecting space for gases which can arise as a result of the thermal decomposition of arrester elements if the surge arrester is overloaded. For this purpose, the interiors of the arrester elements can be connected to the cavities of the scaffolding elements and these with the surrounding atmosphere through a pressure compensation opening. This arrangement, the z. B. can be achieved by hollow or tubular support body between the arrester elements and the scaffolding elements, is particularly suitable for surge arresters with a housing that is to be protected from sudden pressure when the arrester is overloaded. The hot gases first fill the cavities of the scaffolding elements before they dampen the housing with a time delay.

Bei Überspannungsableitern mit einem Gehäuse kann die soeben beschriebene Anordnung noch wirksamer dadurch gemacht werden, daß die Hohlräume der Gerüstelemente mit der das Gehäuse umgebenden Atmosphäre beim Auftreten eines unzulässigen Überdruckes mittels einer Brechmembran verbindbar sind. In diesem Fall unterbleibt jede Druckbeanspruchung des Gehäuses und auch jede Verschmutzung. Es ist daher nach der Entfernung der schadhaften Anordnung von Ableiterelementen erneut verwendbar.In the case of surge arresters with a housing, the arrangement just described can be made even more effective in that the cavities of the scaffolding elements can be connected to the atmosphere surrounding the housing by means of a crushing membrane when an inadmissible excess pressure occurs. In this case, there is no pressure on the housing or any contamination. It can therefore be used again after the defective arrangement of arrester elements has been removed.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Die

  • Fig. 1 zeigt in einer perspektivischen Ansicht den Innenaufbau eines Überspannungsableiters für Freiluftaufstellung. In der
  • Fig. 2 ist gleichfalls perspektivisch der Innenaufbau eines Überspannungsableiters für eine druckgasisolierte, metallgekapselte Schaltanlage dargestellt. Die
  • Fig 3 zeigt ein Gerüstelement als Einzelteil.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures. The
  • Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of the internal structure of a surge arrester for outdoor installation. In the
  • Fig. 2 is also shown in perspective the internal structure of a surge arrester for a gas-insulated, metal-enclosed switchgear. The
  • 3 shows a scaffolding element as an individual part.

Eine Parallelschaltung von Ableiterelementen ist schematisch in der Fig. 4 gezeigt. Die

  • Fig. 5 und 6 zeigen als Ausschnitt eines Säulenaufbaus von Ableiterelementen jeweils ein zur Aufnahme von Gasen geeignetes Gerüstelement mit den angrenzenden Ableiterelementen. Die
  • Fig. 7 zeigt einen Schnitt durch einen gekapselten Überspannungsableiter mit Brechmembranen.
A parallel connection of arrester elements is shown schematically in FIG. 4. The
  • 5 and 6 show, as a section of a column structure of arrester elements, a scaffold element with the adjacent arrester elements that is suitable for receiving gases. The
  • Fig. 7 shows a section through an encapsulated surge arrester with crushing membranes.

Der in Fig. 1 gezeigte Überspannungsableiter 1 umfaßt ein Gehäuse 2, das als hohler Porzellanisolator mit Schirmen ausgebildet ist. Im Inneren des Gehäuses ist zwischen Tragplatten 3 und 4, die mit einem spannungsseitigen Anschluß 5 bzw. einem Erdanschluß 6 in Verbindung stehen, ein aus vier Säulen bestehender Aufbau von Ableiterelementen angeordnet. Jede der Säulen 10, 11, 12 und 13 ist in bestimmter Reihenfolge aus Ableiterelementen 14, isolierenden Stützkörpern 15 und Gerüstelementen 16 zusammengesetzt. Die Ableiterelemente 14 und die isolierenden Stützkörper 15 haben dabei die gleiche Länge, so daß diese Elemente beliebig kombinierbar sind.The surge arrester 1 shown in Fig. 1 comprises a housing 2 which is designed as a hollow porcelain insulator with shields. In the interior of the housing, a four-pillar structure of arrester elements is arranged between support plates 3 and 4, which are connected to a voltage-side connection 5 or an earth connection 6. Each of the columns 10, 11, 12 and 13 is composed of arrester elements 14, insulating support bodies 15 and framework elements 16 in a specific order. The arrester elements 14 and the insulating support body 15 have the same length, so that these elements can be combined as desired.

Bei dem in der Fig. 1 gezeigten Überspannungsableiter 1 folgt, ausgehend von dem Spannungsanschluß 5, zunächst ein Ableiterelement 14 im Zuge der Säule 10. Die weiteren Säulen 11, 12 und 13 enthalten in derselben Höhe isolierende Stützkörper 15. In dem folgenden senkrecht zur Längsachse der Säulen verlaufenden oberen Stockwerk befinden sich dann in U-förmiger Anordnung drei weitere Ableiterelemente 14, die untereinander durch Gerüstelemente 16 leitend und tragend verbunden sind. Die offene Seite der U-Form befindet sich zwischen den Säulen 10 und 11. Im Zuge der Säule 11 wird dann gleichfalls über ein Gerüstelement 16 durch ein Ableiterelement 14 die Verbindung zu dem unteren Stockwerk hergestellt, in welchem der Stromweg durch weitere Ableiterelemente 14 in umgekehrter Richtung wie in dem oberen Stockwerk verläuft. Ein weiteres im Zuge der Säule 10 liegendes Ableiterelement 14 stellt die Verbindung mit der unteren Tragplatte 4 her, die mit dem Erdanschluß in Verbindung steht. Die übrigen Säulen enthalten parallel zu dem untersten Ableiterelement 14 wiederum isolierende Stützkörper gleicher Abmessungen.In the surge arrester 1 shown in FIG. 1, starting from the voltage connection 5, there follows first a conductor element 14 in the course of the column 10. The further columns 11, 12 and 13 contain insulating support bodies 15 at the same height. In the following, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the column-extending upper floor are then in a U-shaped arrangement three further arrester elements 14, which are connected to one another by frame elements 16 in a conductive and load-bearing manner. The open side of the U-shape is located between the columns 10 and 11. In the course of the column 11, the connection to the lower floor is then likewise established via a scaffolding element 16 by means of a conductor element 14, in which the current path through further conductor elements 14 is reversed Direction as in the upper floor. Another conductor element 14 located in the course of the column 10 establishes the connection to the lower support plate 4, which is connected to the earth connection. The other columns in turn contain insulating supporting bodies of the same dimensions parallel to the lowermost conductor element 14.

Bei den erwähnten Ableiterelementen 14 handelt es sich vorzugsweise um spannungsabhängige Widerstände auf der Basis von Zinkoxid. Der eigentliche Widerstandskörper ist dabei von einem Isoliergehäuse umgeben, dessen Abmessungen den isolierenden Stützkörpern angepaßt sind. Die große mechanische Festigkeit der Zinkoxidwiderstände ermöglicht es aber auch, auf gesonderte Isoliergehäuse zu verzichten. In diesem Fall werden die Widerstände mit geeigneten, fest an dem Widerstandskörper angebrachten Anschlußarmaturen direkt mit den Gerüstelementen verbunden. Der Wegfall des Isoliergehäuses vergrößert das unterzubringende Volumen des Widerstandsmaterials und verbessert dessen Kühlung.The mentioned arrester elements 14 are preferably voltage-dependent resistors based on zinc oxide. The actual resistance body is surrounded by an insulating housing, the dimensions of which are adapted to the insulating support bodies. The high mechanical strength of the zinc oxide resistors also makes it possible to dispense with separate insulating housings. In this case, the resistors are connected directly to the scaffolding elements using suitable connection fittings which are fixedly attached to the resistance body. The elimination of the insulating housing increases the volume of the resistance material to be accommodated and improves its cooling.

Anstelle einer Reihenschaltung von spannungsabhängigen Widerständen kann auch eine Reihenschaltung von Funkenstrecken mit spannungsabhängigen Widerständen vorgesehen sein. Dies kann z. B. dadurch geschehen, daß eines oder mehrere der Ableiterelemente 14 in Fig. 1 als Funkenstreckeneinheiten ausgebildet sind. Die Funkenstrecken benötigen keine eigene gasdichte Kapselung, wenn der in Fig. 1 gezeigte Aufbau innerhalb des Gehäuses 2 in einer Atmosphäre angeordnet wird, die zu der erwünschten Wirkungsweise der Funkenstrecken führt. In bekannter Weise ist dies durch eine Füllung des Gehäuses 2 mit Stickstoff zu erreichen.Instead of a series connection of voltage-dependent resistors, a series connection of spark gaps with voltage-dependent resistors can also be provided. This can e.g. B. happen that one or more of the arrester elements 14 in Fig. 1 are designed as spark gaps. The spark gaps do not need their own gas-tight encapsulation if the structure shown in FIG. 1 is arranged within the housing 2 in an atmosphere which leads to the desired mode of operation of the spark gaps. In a known manner, this can be achieved by filling the housing 2 with nitrogen.

Ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel eines Überspannungsableiters zeigt die Fig. 2. Ähnlich wie in Fig. 1 ist wiederum ein Säulenaufbau mit vier Säulen 20, 21, 22 und 23 gewählt, die in den Eckpunkten eines Quadrates angeordnet sind. Gleichfalls ist durch Gerüstelemente 24, isolierende Stützkörper 25 und leitende Stützkörper 26 sowie Ableiterelemente 27 ein gleichförmiger Aufbau mit einer Anzahl von senkrecht zur Längsachse der Säulen liegenden Stockwerken erreicht. Im Unterschied zu dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der Fig. sind jedoch in der Längsrichtung der Säulen, d. h. zur Verbindung der Stockwerke untereinander, keine Ableiterelemente, sondern abwechselnd nur isolierende Stützkörper 25 und leitende Stützkörper 26 eingesetzt. Diese Stützkörper sind kleiner als die entsprechenden Teile in dem Beispiel gemäß der Fig. 1. Hierdurch ist der Abstand der Stockwerke voneinander wesentlich geringer, wodurch sich eine höhere Packungsdichte der Ableiterelemente ergibt. Diese Ausführungsform eignet sich somit besonders zum Einbau in ein Gas mit hohem Isoliervermögen, z. B. das in druckgasisolierten, metallgekapselten Schaltanlagen verwendete Schwefelhexafluorid (SF6). Hierzu ist in dem Beispiel gemäß der Fig. 2 ein Metallgehäuse 28 vorgesehen, in das der Spannungsanschluß mittels einer Scheibendurchführung 29 eingeführt ist.FIG. 2 shows another exemplary embodiment of a surge arrester. Similar to FIG. 1, a column structure with four columns 20, 21, 22 and 23 is again selected, which are arranged in the corner points of a square. Likewise, a uniform structure with a number of floors lying perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the columns is achieved by means of scaffolding elements 24, insulating support bodies 25 and conductive support bodies 26 and also arrester elements 27. In contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to the FIG., However, no arrester elements are used in the longitudinal direction of the columns, ie for connecting the floors to one another, but instead only insulating support bodies 25 and conductive support bodies 26 are used alternately. These support bodies are smaller than the corresponding parts in the example according to FIG. 1. As a result, the spacing of the floors from one another is significantly smaller, which results in a higher packing density of the arrester elements. This embodiment is therefore particularly suitable for installation in a gas with a high insulating capacity, for. B. the sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) used in gas-insulated, metal-enclosed switchgear. For this purpose, in the example according to FIG. 2, a metal housing 28 is provided, into which the voltage connection is introduced by means of a disk bushing 29.

Bei dem Überspannungsableiter nach Fig. 2 ist in dem zweiten Stockwerk von oben zusätzlich zu den aus spannungsabhängigen Widerständen bestehenden Ableiterelementen 27 eine Funkenstreckeneinheit 30 eingesetzt, die in einem lsoliergehäuse 31 gekapselt ist. Dadurch kann im Bereich der Elektroden der Funkenstreckeneinheit ein anderes Gas verwendet werden als das erwähnte Isoliergas, um ein erwünschtes Ansprech- und Löschverhalten der Funkenstrecke zu erreichen. Insbesondere eignet sich Stickstoff für den Betrieb der Funkenstrecke. Durch ihre Parallelschaltung zu drei der Ableiterelemente 27 schließt die Funkenstreckeneinheit 30 beim Ansprechvorgang diesen Teil des Ableiters kurz.In the surge arrester according to FIG. 2, a spark gap unit 30, which is encapsulated in an insulating housing 31, is used in the second floor from above in addition to the arrester elements 27 consisting of voltage-dependent resistors. As a result, a different gas than the insulating gas mentioned can be used in the area of the electrodes of the spark gap unit in order to achieve a desired response and extinguishing behavior of the spark gap. Nitrogen is particularly suitable for operating the spark gap. Through her In parallel with three of the arrester elements 27, the spark gap unit 30 short-circuits this part of the arrester during the response process.

In beiden beschriebenen Beispielen sind vier parallele Säulen vorgesehen, die in den Eckpunkten eines Quadrates stehen. Selbstverständlich kann auch eine kleinere Anzahl, z. B. drei, oder eine größere Anzahl von Säulen, z. B. sechs, gewählt werden. In jedem Fall entsteht durch die unmittelbare Verbindung der Gerüstelemente mit den Ableiterelementen und Stützkörpern ein mechanisch außerordentlich stabiler Aufbau, der keiner weiteren Versteifung bedarf.In both examples described, four parallel columns are provided, which are at the corner points of a square. Of course, a smaller number, e.g. B. three, or a larger number of columns, e.g. B. six can be selected. In any case, the direct connection of the scaffold elements with the arrester elements and support bodies creates a mechanically extremely stable structure that does not require any further stiffening.

Ein Gerüstelement ist als Einzelteil in der Fig. 3 gezeigt. Das Gerüstelement 33 ist als zylindrischer Körper ausgebildet und besitzt eine obere und eine untere Deckfläche 34 bzw. 35 mit je einem Gewindeloch 36 bzw. 37 sowie an seinem Umfang drei unter einem Winkel von 90° stehenden Gewindelöchern 40, 41 und 42. Infolge der gewählten Anordnung der Gewindelöcher ist das Gerüstelement 33 an jeder Stelle der in den Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Überspannungsableiter verwendbar. Werden die Ableiterelemente sowie die isolierenden und leitenden Stützkörper mit passenden Gewindezapfen versehen, so lassen sich die beschriebenen Überspannungsableiter baukastenartig zusammensetzen. Anstelle von Gewindelöchern können auch Profillöcher oder einfache Durchgangslöcher vorgesehen sein, wenn die Gerüstelemente als Hohlkörper ausgebildet sind und das Innere zum Ansetzen von Befestigungselementen, z. B. Stifte, Muttern od. dgl., zugänglich ist. Hierzu kann das Gerüstelement zweiteilig ausgebildet sein durch Teilung entlang einer in der Fig. 3 gestrichelt dargestellten Linie 43 nach Art von Topf und Deckel.A scaffolding element is shown as an individual part in FIG. 3. The scaffold element 33 is designed as a cylindrical body and has an upper and a lower cover surface 34 and 35, each with a threaded hole 36 or 37, and on its circumference three threaded holes 40, 41 and 42 at an angle of 90 ° Arrangement of the threaded holes, the scaffold element 33 can be used at any point of the surge arrester shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. If the arrester elements as well as the insulating and conductive support bodies are provided with suitable threaded pins, the surge arresters described can be assembled in a modular manner. Instead of threaded holes, profile holes or simple through holes can also be provided if the scaffolding elements are designed as hollow bodies and the interior for attaching fastening elements, eg. B. pins, nuts or the like., Accessible. For this purpose, the scaffolding element can be formed in two parts by division along a line 43 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 3 in the manner of a pot and a lid.

In den Beispielen gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2 befinden sich in den senkrecht zu der Längserstrekkung der Säulen liegenden Stockwerken jeweils Ableiterelemente in Reihenschaltung. Es können jedoch auch zusätzlich parallelgeschaltete Ableiterelemente vorgesehen sein, wie dies in der Fig. 4 schematisch gezeigt ist. Die Ableiterelemente 45 sind hier durch Striche in der Anordnung entsprechend dem erläuterten viersäuligen Aufbau symbolisiert. Durch leitende Verbindungen 46 werden jeweils zwei Ableiterelemente parallelgeschaltet. Jedes Stockwerk des Ableiters enthält daher sechs statt drei Ableiterelemente. Ist eine weitere Steigerung des zu beherrschenden Ableitstromes bzw. der aufzunehmenden Energie erwünscht, so können je Stockwerk auch mehr als jeweils zwei Ableiterelemente parallelgeschaltet werden. Die übrige Anordnung, insbesondere die Anordnung leitender und isolierender Stützkörper zwischen den Stockwerken, bleibt dabei unverändert.In the examples according to FIGS. 1 and 2, arrester elements are respectively connected in series in the floors perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of the columns. However, additional arrester elements connected in parallel can also be provided, as is shown schematically in FIG. 4. The arrester elements 45 are symbolized here by lines in the arrangement corresponding to the four-column structure explained. Two arrester elements are connected in parallel by conductive connections 46. Each level of the arrester therefore contains six instead of three arrester elements. If a further increase in the leakage current to be controlled or the energy to be absorbed is desired, then more than two arrester elements can be connected in parallel on each floor. The rest of the arrangement, in particular the arrangement of conductive and insulating support bodies between the floors, remains unchanged.

In der Fig. 4 ist ferner gezeigt, daß zwischen die Stromzu- und -ableitung jedes Stockwerkes ein Steuerelement 73, z. B. ein linearer oder ein nichtlinearer Widerstand oder ein Kondensator, geschaltet ist, das in Verbindung mit gleichen Steuerelementen 73 der übrigen Stockwerke eine parallel zu den Ableiterelementen 45 geschaltete Kette von Steuerelementen bildet, welche die Spannungsverteilung vergleichmäßigen. Ebenso wie Ableiterelemente 45 an einer Seite der Vieleckanordnung parallelgeschaltet sind, können auch Steuerelemente parallelgeschaltet sein. Es ist aber auch möglich, nur jeweils ein Steuerelement zu verwenden und diese Anordnung auch bei einem Aufbau der Stockwerke entsprechend der Fig. 2 vorzusehen.In Fig. 4 it is also shown that between the power supply and discharge of each floor, a control element 73, z. B. a linear or a non-linear resistor or a capacitor is connected, which in connection with the same control elements 73 of the other floors forms a chain of control elements connected in parallel to the arrester elements 45, which equalize the voltage distribution. Just as conductor elements 45 are connected in parallel on one side of the polygon arrangement, control elements can also be connected in parallel. However, it is also possible to use only one control element in each case and to provide this arrangement even when the floors are constructed in accordance with FIG. 2.

Der beschriebene Aufbau von Überspannungsableitern ist nicht nur für Ableiter mit einem Gehäuse (2 in Fig. 1, 28 in Fig. 2) geeignet. Vielmehr kann der aktive Teil selbst als Überspannungsableiter aufgestellt werden, weil der mehrsäulige Aufbau mit den Gerüstelementen mechanisch stabil und standsicher ausführbar ist. Zur Aufstellung in Freiluft ist lediglich die wetterfeste Ausführung der Komponenten erforderlich.The described structure of surge arresters is not only suitable for arresters with a housing (2 in Fig. 1, 28 in Fig. 2). Rather, the active part itself can be set up as a surge arrester because the multi-column structure with the scaffolding elements can be carried out in a mechanically stable and stable manner. All that is required for outdoor installation is the weatherproof design of the components.

Bei gekapselter Ausführung von Überspannungsableitern sowohl mit einem Isolierstoffgehäuse als auch mit einem Metallgehäuse ist im allgemeinen eine Vorrichtung zur Druckentlastung erforderlich, die bei einer Überbeanspruchung des Ableiters die unter Druck stehenden heißen Gase in den Außenraum ableitet. Der beschriebene Säulenaufbau der neuen Ableiter bietet eine vorteilhafte Möglichkeit zur Einbeziehung eines Druckentlastungssystems. Hierzu können die Innenräume der Gerüstelemente als Auffangräume der Zersetzungsgase benutzt werden, wie dies die Fig. 5 und 6 zeigen.When encapsulating surge arresters with both an insulating housing and a metal housing, a device for pressure relief is generally required, which discharges the pressurized hot gases into the outside space when the arrester is overstressed. The described column structure of the new trap offers an advantageous option for incorporating a pressure relief system. For this purpose, the interior spaces of the scaffolding elements can be used as collecting spaces for the decomposition gases, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

Werden die Ableiter ohne Gehäuse bzw. Kapselung aufgestellt, so besteht auch in diesem Fall Interesse an einer geordneten Ableitung der bei Überlastung auftretenden Gase. Daher sind auch bei dieser Ausführung die Innenräume des aktiven Teiles als Auffangräume benutzbar, die an einer gewünschten Stelle mit einer in die Umgebung mündenden Öffnung versehen sein können.If the arresters are set up without a housing or encapsulation, there is also interest in an orderly discharge of the gases that occur in the event of overload. Therefore, the interior of the active part can also be used as collecting spaces in this embodiment, which can be provided at a desired location with an opening opening into the surroundings.

In der Fig. 5 ist als Ausschnitt eines Ableiters nach den Fig. 1 oder 2 ein Ableiterelement 45 mit einem Gerüstelement46 und einem anschließenden Stützkörper 47 gezeigt. Das Ableiterelement 45 enthält innerhalb eines Isoliergehäuses 48 einen Widerstandskörper 49, der mittels eines Gewindestutzens 50 leitend mit dem Gerüstelement 46 verbunden ist. Durch das Einschrauben des Gewindestutzens 50 in das Gerüstelement 46 entsteht neben der elektrischen und mechanisch tragenden Verbindung auch eine Abdichtung gegenüber der Umgebung. Die bei einer Überlastung des Widerstandskörpers 49 auftretenden Gase gelangen daher durch eine Bohrung 51 des Gewindestutzens 50 in einen Hohlraum 52 des Gerüstelementes 46, von wo sie sich durch den anschließenden rohrförmigen Stützkörper 47 zu weiteren Gerüstelementen ausbreiten können. Ein allmählicher Druckabbau wird durch eine kleine Öffnung 53 des Gerüstelementes 46 erzielt. Entsprechende weitere Öffnungen können auch in den anderen nicht gezeigten Gerüstelementen angebracht sein. Der Überdruck beansprucht die Umgebung und damit auch ein gegebenenfalls vorhandenes Gehäuse nur allmählich. In dem Gehäuse kann an einer geeigneten Stelle eine Brechmembran angeordnet sein, durch deren Bersten die Gase nach außen gelangen können.5 shows a section of a diverter according to FIGS. 1 or 2, a diverter element 45 with a scaffold element 46 and a subsequent support body 47. The arrester element 45 contains within an insulating housing 48 a resistance body 49 which is conductively connected to the scaffolding element 46 by means of a threaded connector 50. By screwing the threaded connector 50 into the scaffold element 46, in addition to the electrical and mechanically load-bearing connection, a seal from the environment is also created. The gases that occur when the resistance body 49 is overloaded therefore pass through a bore 51 of the threaded connector 50 into a cavity 52 of the scaffold element 46, from where they can spread through the subsequent tubular support body 47 to further scaffold elements. A gradual reduction in pressure is achieved through a small opening 53 in the framework element 46. Corresponding further openings can also be made in the other scaffolding elements, not shown. The overpressure takes up the environment and therefore also against it if necessary, existing housing only gradually. A crushing membrane can be arranged in a suitable location in the housing, through whose bursting the gases can escape to the outside.

In dem Beispiel gemäß der Fig. 6, die bei einer gegenüber der Fig. 5 um 90° gedrehten Darstellung eine weitere Verbindungsstelle innerhalb des Säulenaufbaus zeigt, stehen zwei Ableiterelemente 54 mit einem Gerüstelement 55 ohne Schraubstutzen direkt in Verbindung. Hierzu sind an das Gerüstelement 55 zylindrische Ansätze 56 angeformt, die die Enden der Ableiterelemente 54 muffenartig aufnehmen. Die Verbindung kann z. B. durch ein Außengewinde des Gehäuses der Ableiterelemente und ein Innengewinde der Ansätze 56 hergestellt sein. Daneben eignen sich auch Kitt oder Klebstoff für eine dauerhafte Verbindung. In jedem Fall muß für einen leitenden Übergang zwischen den Ableiterelementen und den Gerüstelementen gesorgt sein. Gegenüber der Ausführung gemäß der Fig. 5 lassen sich nach der Fig. 6 größere Querschnitte für den Übertritt von Gasen aus den Ableiterelementen in die Gerüstelemente erzielen.In the example according to FIG. 6, which shows a further connection point within the column structure in a representation rotated by 90 ° in relation to FIG. 5, two arrester elements 54 are directly connected to a scaffold element 55 without a screw connection. For this purpose, cylindrical lugs 56 are formed on the scaffold element 55, which receive the ends of the arrester elements 54 like sleeves. The connection can e.g. B. by an external thread of the housing of the arrester elements and an internal thread of the lugs 56. In addition, putty or glue are also suitable for a permanent connection. In any case, a conductive transition between the arrester elements and the scaffolding elements must be ensured. Compared to the embodiment according to FIG. 5, larger cross sections for the passage of gases from the arrester elements into the scaffolding elements can be achieved according to FIG. 6.

Während in den Beispielen gemäß den Fig. 5 und 6 die Hohlräume des Säulenaufbaus als Auffangraum für die Zersetzungsgase dienen, aus dem sie durch Druckausgleichsöffnungen allmählich abströmen, zeigt die Fig. 7, wie die Gase aus einem gekapselten Ableiter sowohl isolierstoff- als auch metallgekapselter Art abgeleitet werden können, ohne das Gehäuse bzw. die Kapselung in irgendeiner Weise zu beanspruchen. Hierzu ist der insgesamt mit 60 bezeichnete Säulenaufbau gegenüber dem Innenraum 61 geschlossen ausgebildet, d. h. es sind keine Druckausgleichsöffnungen in den Gerüstelementen vorgesehen.While in the examples according to FIGS. 5 and 6 the cavities of the column structure serve as a collecting space for the decomposition gases, from which they gradually flow out through pressure equalization openings, FIG. 7 shows how the gases from an encapsulated arrester are of both insulating and metal encapsulated type can be derived without stressing the housing or the encapsulation in any way. For this purpose, the column structure, designated overall by 60, is designed to be closed with respect to the interior 61; H. there are no pressure equalization openings in the scaffolding elements.

Die Hohlräume der Stützkörper des Säulenaufbaus münden zunächst unter Zwischenschaltung von Brechmembranen 67 in einen Pufferraum 62, der durch eine untere Tragplatte 63 für den Säulenaufbau 60 und die Abschlußarmatur 64 eines Gehäuses 65 gebildet ist. Eine Öffnung 66 der Abschlußarmatur 64 ist durch eine weitere Brechmembran 68 verschlossen. Treten also nach dem Ansprechen der Brechmembranen 67 Gase in den Pufferraum 62 ein, so birst die Brechmembran 68, und die Gase gelangen unmittelbar in die Umgebung, ohne das Gehäuse 65 zu beanspruchen. Daher bleibt das Gehäuse in sauberem und zuverlässigem Zustand und kann nach dem Ausbau des schadhaften aktiven Teiles 60 erneut verwendet werden.The cavities of the support body of the column structure first open with the interposition of crushing membranes 67 in a buffer space 62 which is formed by a lower support plate 63 for the column structure 60 and the end fitting 64 of a housing 65. An opening 66 of the end fitting 64 is closed by a further breaking membrane 68. If, after the crushing membranes 67 have responded, gases enter the buffer space 62, the crushing membrane 68 bursts and the gases get directly into the environment without straining the housing 65. Therefore, the housing remains in a clean and reliable condition and can be used again after the defective active part 60 has been removed.

In der Fig. 7 ist noch gestrichelt angedeutet, daß die Gase nicht nur entsprechend der Richtung des Pfeiles 70 in axialer Richtung aus dem Gehäuse 65 austreten können, sondern bei entsprechend gewählter Gestaltung der Abschlußarmatur 64 auch senkrecht zu der Längsachse des Gehäuses 65 in Richtung des Peiles 71 oder durch Umlenkung in Richtung des Pfeiles 72.In Fig. 7 is indicated by dashed lines that the gases can not only exit in the axial direction according to the direction of arrow 70 from the housing 65, but also with a correspondingly selected design of the end fitting 64 also perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the housing 65 in the direction of Peiles 71 or by deflecting in the direction of arrow 72.

Die beschriebenen Überspannungsableiter können nicht nur unter Verwendung der bereits erwähnten Zinkoxidwiderstände aufgebaut werden, die sich durch eine besonders ausgeprägte, nicht lineare Stromspannungskennlinie auszeichnen, sondern auch mit sonstigen, für Überspannungsableiter geeigneten Widerständen allein oder in Verbindung mit in Reihe oder parallel geschalteten Funkenstrecken. Daher sind z. B. auch Widerstände auf der Basis von Siliziumkarbid verwendbar sowie Kombinationen verschiedener Arten von Widerständen oder Mischkörper aus unterschiedlichen Widerstandsmaterialien.The surge arresters described can be constructed not only using the zinc oxide resistors already mentioned, which are characterized by a particularly pronounced, non-linear current-voltage characteristic, but also with other resistors suitable for surge arresters, alone or in connection with spark gaps connected in series or in parallel. Therefore z. B. Resistors based on silicon carbide can also be used, as well as combinations of different types of resistors or mixed bodies made of different resistance materials.

Im übrigen lassen sich in den säulenartigen Aufbau auch Ableiterelemente einfügen, die der Steuerung der Spannungsverteilung dienen, wie dies bekanntlich durch Widerstände und/oder Kondensatoren erzielbar ist. Zu dem gleichen Zweck kann man zusätzlich oder für sich Steuerringe verwenden, insbesondere bei der Ausführung der beschriebenen Ableiter ohne Gehäuse.Otherwise, arrester elements can also be inserted into the columnar structure, which serve to control the voltage distribution, as is known to be achieved by resistors and / or capacitors. For the same purpose, control rings can be used in addition or on their own, particularly in the case of the described arrester without a housing.

Claims (7)

1. A surge diverter having the following characteristics:
a) a tiered arrangement of diverter elements (14, 27, 45, 54) within a housing (2, 28, 65) parallel to planes which extend at right angles to the longitudinal extension of a frame which consists of a plurality of parallel columns (10-11-12-13; 20-21-22-23);
b) uniform dimensions of the diverter elements (14, 27, 45, 54), insulating support bodies (15, 25) and conducting frame elements (16, 24, 33, 46, 55);
c) each conducting frame element (16, 24, 33, 46, 55) has joining and connecting means (36, 37, 40, 41, 42) in the direction of the further columns (10-11-12-13; 20-21-22-23);
d) with n frame elements (16, 24, 46, 55), at least [n - 1] diverter elements (14, 27, 45, 54) are provided for each tier,

characterised in that from one tier to another, a diverter element (14, 27, 45, 54) or a conducting support body (26) is alternately arranged in another column (10, 11, 12, 13, or 20, 21, 22, 23) in such a way that in adjacent tiers, oppositely parallel current flow directions result (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4).
2. A surge diverter according to claim 1, characterised in that, in order to connect two frame elements (24) a conducting support body (26) is inserted between the tiers (Fig. 2).
3. A surge diverter according to claim 1, characterised in that in addition to [n - 1] diverter elements (27, 45), a control element (30, 73) is arranged in each tier, the control element (30, 73) being inserted between the current supply and discharge lines of each tier.
4. A surge diverter according to claim 1, characterised in that the frame elements (33, 46, 55) are formed as hollow bodies (Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Fig. 6).
5. A surge diverter according to claim 4, characterised in that the interiors of the diverter elements (45, 54) are connected to the hollow spaces (52) of the frame elements (46, 55) and the latter are connected to the ambient atmosphere by means of a pressure equalising opening (53) (Fig. 5, Fig. 6).
6. A surger diverter according to claim 5 having a housing, characterised in that, on the oc- curence of an inadmissible excess pressure, the hollow spaces of the active part (60) can be connected to the atmosphere surrounding the housing (65) by means of a frangible membrane (68).
7. A surge diverter according to claim 6, characterised in that the housing (65) has a buffer space (62) into which the hollow spaces of the active part (60) open with the interposition of frangible membranes (67) and which, for its part, can be connected to the ambient atmosphere by means of a further frangible membrane (68).
EP81730023A 1980-03-28 1981-03-09 Over voltage arrester Expired EP0037363B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81730023T ATE8943T1 (en) 1980-03-28 1981-03-09 SURGE ARRESTERS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3012744A DE3012744C2 (en) 1980-03-28 1980-03-28 Surge arresters
DE3012744 1980-03-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0037363A1 EP0037363A1 (en) 1981-10-07
EP0037363B1 true EP0037363B1 (en) 1984-08-08

Family

ID=6099040

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81730023A Expired EP0037363B1 (en) 1980-03-28 1981-03-09 Over voltage arrester

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4363069A (en)
EP (1) EP0037363B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS56152182A (en)
AT (1) ATE8943T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8101857A (en)
DD (1) DD157646A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3012744C2 (en)
IN (1) IN152746B (en)
SU (1) SU1098532A3 (en)
ZA (1) ZA812066B (en)

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SE424932B (en) * 1980-12-19 1982-08-16 Asea Ab surge
JPS58186183A (en) * 1982-04-24 1983-10-31 株式会社日立製作所 Arrester
ATE159609T1 (en) * 1989-02-07 1997-11-15 Bowthorpe Ind Ltd SURGE ARRESTER DEVICE
RU2191454C2 (en) * 2000-06-27 2002-10-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "Стример" Impulse lighting arrester for electric power line (modifications) and column of impulse arresters
US20060256496A1 (en) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-16 Clark M C Methods and apparatuses related to pulsed power
US20070159760A1 (en) * 2005-05-13 2007-07-12 Collins Clark Methods and Systems Related to Pulsed Power
DE102009007067A1 (en) * 2009-01-29 2010-08-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Impedance arrangement with a first fitting body
US10741313B1 (en) * 2019-02-06 2020-08-11 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Bus bar assembly with integrated surge arrestor

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CH304299A (en) * 1952-09-11 1954-12-31 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Surge arrester for high operating voltages.

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US2528127A (en) * 1946-11-13 1950-10-31 Westinghouse Electric Corp Lightning arrester
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JPS53138029A (en) * 1977-05-07 1978-12-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Abnormal voltage protective equipment
JPS5919448B2 (en) * 1978-03-03 1984-05-07 株式会社日立製作所 Lightning arrester

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CH304299A (en) * 1952-09-11 1954-12-31 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Surge arrester for high operating voltages.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN152746B (en) 1984-03-24
DD157646A5 (en) 1982-11-24
DE3012744C2 (en) 1985-10-10
JPS56152182A (en) 1981-11-25
EP0037363A1 (en) 1981-10-07
US4363069A (en) 1982-12-07
SU1098532A3 (en) 1984-06-15
DE3012744A1 (en) 1981-10-22
ATE8943T1 (en) 1984-08-15
ZA812066B (en) 1982-04-28
BR8101857A (en) 1981-09-29

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