EP0035301B1 - Process for precision grinding two cooperating truncated-cone surfaces, apparatus for carrying out this process, use of this apparatus and precision ground article resulting upon the application of this process - Google Patents

Process for precision grinding two cooperating truncated-cone surfaces, apparatus for carrying out this process, use of this apparatus and precision ground article resulting upon the application of this process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0035301B1
EP0035301B1 EP81200198A EP81200198A EP0035301B1 EP 0035301 B1 EP0035301 B1 EP 0035301B1 EP 81200198 A EP81200198 A EP 81200198A EP 81200198 A EP81200198 A EP 81200198A EP 0035301 B1 EP0035301 B1 EP 0035301B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grinding
angle
ground
axis
spindle
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Expired
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EP81200198A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0035301A1 (en
Inventor
Alfred Schlaefli
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Voumard Machines Co SA
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Voumard Machines Co SA
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Publication of EP0035301A1 publication Critical patent/EP0035301A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/14—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding conical surfaces, e.g. of centres

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for rectifying two frustoconical surfaces, one interior and the other exterior concurrent at the end of a part to be rectified where they form a circular junction edge (see, for example GB-A-822 437).
  • the invention also relates to a grinding wheel holder device for a grinding machine, for the implementation of the process in question, intended for the grinding of two frustoconical surfaces, one inside and the other outside, concurrent at the end of a part. to rectify where they form a circular junction edge.
  • the invention also relates to a part with two concurrent rectified frustoconical surfaces resulting from the method, it also relates to the use of the device and the application of the method for obtaining such a part.
  • the object of the present invention is in particular to provide a method and a device making it possible to obtain the abovementioned performance, which the prior art did not provide.
  • Fig. 1 shows a grinding wheel device for a grinding machine intended to be placed in front of the workpiece spindle or the workpiece chuck of this grinding machine.
  • a workpiece 1 not shown in FIG. 1, but visible in fig. 2.
  • Fig. 1 watch only the grinding wheel support arrangement which in fact constitutes an accessory for a grinding machine, placed in front of it.
  • This device comprises a first table 2 which is mounted on a part of the frame, or similar support (not shown), of the grinding machine.
  • This first table 2 carries a second table 3, which can be moved on the table 2 in an oblique direction called "primary angular direction" and in general direction a, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, corresponds to the angle ⁇ 1 .
  • This angle a is preferably adjustable; in a device intended for the permanent production of identical parts in very large series, this angle a could also be adjusted once and for all, instead of being adjustable.
  • the second table 3 carries a first grinding wheel spindle 4 fixed on this table so that the axis of rotation of the spindle is approximately parallel to the axis 00 of the grinding machine.
  • this parallelism is not a condition for proper operation and, as a variant, the axis of the grinding wheel headstock 4 could form an angle with the direction of the axis 00.
  • a grinding wheel 5 with a conical active surface is fixed on the spindle shaft 4. This grinding wheel 5, of small dimensions, will be driven in rotation by spindle 4 at a very high angular speed.
  • the second table 3 carries a second grinding wheel spindle 6, the axis of rotation of which is preferably parallel to that of the other grinding wheel spindle.
  • This second grinding wheel spindle 6 is integral with the second table 3 in the direction perpendicular to the axis 00 of the workpiece, it can on the other hand slide with respect to the table 3 in the direction parallel to the axis 00.
  • a grinding wheel with a frustoconical active surface 7, notably larger than the grinding wheel with a conical surface 5, is mounted on the shaft of the second grinding wheel spindle 6.
  • the grinding wheel 7 has a relatively large diameter because its active surface must come close from that of the grinding wheel 5, and the grinding wheel 7 must therefore have a radius close to the distance between the axes of the two spindles.
  • a directional guide device 8 is fixed on the first table 2, and it comprises a slide 9 which can, with the guide device 8, be positioned in different orientations relative to the table 2.
  • An oblique movement, in the primary direction x, of the second table 3 therefore results in a displacement of the grinding spindle 4 and of the grinding wheel 5 in this same primary direction a, and in a displacement of the second spindle grinding wheels 6 with its grinding wheel 7 in an oblique direction determined by the guide piece 8 and which is in this case the secondary angular direction ⁇ , having the value ⁇ 1 in the state of the device shown in fig. 1.
  • the two grinding wheels 5 and 7 therefore each move in an angular direction which is specific to them, it can therefore be seen that their active conical or frustoconical part is erected in accordance with these two directions ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 1 .
  • the part to be ground 1 has at its front part two frustoconical surfaces to be ground, respectively 11 and 12, the first being an internal frustoconical surface and the second an external frustoconical surface.
  • the taper angle of the inner surface to be ground 11 is the angle ⁇ 1 while the taper angle of the frustoconical surface to be ground exterior 12 is the angle ⁇ 1 .
  • the active frustoconical surfaces 5a, 7a of the grinding wheels 5 and 7 have the desired taper to adequately correct these surfaces 11 and 12.
  • the generatrices of each of these active frustoconical surfaces of grinding wheels 5a and 7a move respectively on a line of direction primary Ip and on a secondary direction line I s .
  • the angles of these primary Ip and secondary guidelines la with respect to the axis 0 of the workpiece correspond to the angular directions respectively primary and secondary according to which the two grinding spindles 4 and 6 move (fig. 1) when the second table 3 is moved obliquely on the first table 2. It can be seen that the lines of primary and secondary directions I p , I s intersect at a distance h C1 from the axis 0 of the part to be rectified and this "distance from crossing “h C1 is of great importance, together with the two angles ⁇ and ⁇ of primary and secondary angular directions, for obtaining the exact rectification dimensions of the part 1.
  • the desired relationships regarding the positions and lines of displacement of the generators of active surfaces of grinding wheels 5a and 7a are ensured by an adequate positioning of two dressing tools, a first, 13, intended for dressing the grinding wheel 5 and a second, 14, intended for dressing the grinding wheel 7.
  • the active points, respectively 13a and 14a of the two dressing tools 13 and 14 must be located the first on the primary direction line Ip and the second on the secondary direction line I s. Under these conditions, an oblique movement, in the primary angular direction a, of the second table 3 relative to the first table 2 ensures a dressing of the grinding wheels such that the generator of the latter will automatically occupy, in the working position of grinding, the position desired for this grinding.
  • r a is the radius (or half-diameter) of the corconference formed by the junction edge of the conical surfaces to be rectified and the angles ⁇ and ⁇ are those which we have just described.
  • the indices have been omitted, since this expression has a general value which does not apply only to the geometric constructive arrangement represented in FIG. 2.
  • the two dressing tools 13 and 14 are fixed side by side in an oblique fashion, with their axes approximately perpendicular to the primary angular direction ⁇ 1 , the distance between the axes of these two tools. preferably being fixed, with the value »e «. It is also possible to establish, perpendicular to the axes of the dressing tools and therefore parallel to the primary angular direction ⁇ 1 , the distance "m" between the axis of the first dressing tool 13 and the place where the line of direction Ip cuts axis 0 of the workpiece (and of the grinding machine).
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 illustrate a variant of the device for a particular machining case which allows many simplifications.
  • the parts which are identical to parts of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 are represented by the same reference signs.
  • the second table 3 which can be displaced obliquely in said primary angular direction ( ⁇ 2 ), as is the first grinding wheel spindle 4 fixed on the table 3 and carrying a small conical grinding wheel 5.
  • the second grinding wheel spindle, 16 is also completely fixed on the second table 3. Furthermore, it carries a grinding wheel 17 with frustoconical active surface 17a which has the same conicity as the conical active surface 5a of the first grinding wheel.
  • This embodiment is notably more advantageous since it saves sliding means for the second grinding spindle and oblique guide means specific thereto.
  • the two direction lines are parallel and have a distance between them d 2 which also represents the distance by which the point 21a of the second dressing tool must advance in front of the direction line l'p, i.e. -to say in front of the tip 13a of the first dressing tool 13.
  • the dressing tools have been shown in a more technological manner, these tools being mounted on a block of dressing tool holders 22 Adjusting members 23 and 24 make it possible to adjust, perpendicular to the line of direction p, the position of the active points 13a, 21 with dressing tools 13,21.
  • the grinding wheels are advantageously given, during the grinding operation, a flapping movement produced by an alternating movement of the table 3 in the oblique direction which is its direction of movement (namely the primary angular direction and secondary school).
  • the original design described here also includes, and even primarily, the rectification process by which two grinding wheels simultaneously proceed to the grinding of an internal frustoconical surface and of an external frustoconical surface in front of a part to be rectified.
  • the method described even if it was implemented using other devices arranged for this purpose, does not would continue to conform to the particular concept proposed by the invention.
  • the dressing tools are often diamond cutters and not diamond-tipped tools.
  • the entire active edge of the thumbwheel must be on the appropriate direction line (Ipou I s ).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour rectifier deux surfaces tronconiques, l'une intérieure et l'autre extérieure concourantes à l'extrémité d'une pièce à rectifier où elles forment une arête de jonction circulaire (voir, par exemple GB-A-822 437).The present invention relates to a method for rectifying two frustoconical surfaces, one interior and the other exterior concurrent at the end of a part to be rectified where they form a circular junction edge (see, for example GB-A-822 437).

Elle concerne également un dispositif porte-meules pour machine à rectifier, pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé en question, destiné au rectifiage de deux surfaces tronconiques, l'une intérieure et l'autre extérieure, concourantes à l'extrémité d'une pièce à rectifier où elles forment une arête de jonction circulaire. L'invention concerne encore une pièce à deux surfaces tronconiques rectifiées concourantes résultant du procédé, elle concerne également l'utilisation du dispositif et l'application du procédé pour l'obtention d'une telle pièce.It also relates to a grinding wheel holder device for a grinding machine, for the implementation of the process in question, intended for the grinding of two frustoconical surfaces, one inside and the other outside, concurrent at the end of a part. to rectify where they form a circular junction edge. The invention also relates to a part with two concurrent rectified frustoconical surfaces resulting from the method, it also relates to the use of the device and the application of the method for obtaining such a part.

Lorsque l'extrémité d'une pièce ayant la forme générale d'une douille présente deux surfaces tronconiques, l'une intérieure et l'autre extérieure qui se rencontrent, la jonction entre ces deux surfaces tronconiques forme une arête circulaire. Pour certaines utilisations, notamment les buses d'injecteur d'essence pour moteur à explosion, ces deux surfaces tronconiques doivent être rectifiées et elles doivent être très précises, de même que doit être très précis le diamètre de l'arête circulaire de jonction de ces surfaces.When the end of a part having the general shape of a socket has two frustoconical surfaces, one interior and the other exterior which meet, the junction between these two frustoconical surfaces forms a circular edge. For certain uses, in particular the fuel injector nozzles for internal combustion engines, these two frustoconical surfaces must be rectified and they must be very precise, just as the diameter of the circular junction of these junction must be very precise. surfaces.

Les procédés de rectification de même que les dispositifs de rectification proposés jusqu'ici pour de telles surfaces tronconiques concourantes font appel à deux opérations subséquentes, l'une de rectification de la surface tronconique intérieure et l'autre de rectification de la surface tronconique extérieure.The rectification methods as well as the rectification devices hitherto proposed for such concurrent frustoconical surfaces call upon two subsequent operations, one for rectifying the internal frustoconical surface and the other for rectifying the external frustoconical surface.

Pour que toutes les opérations de rectification puissent être réalisées dans les meilleures conditions, en particulier les exigences concernant la cencentricité des différentes surfaces de révolution cylindriques et coniques, il importe que la pièce reste montée sur le même dispositif d'entraînement rotatif ou que le passage d'un agencement à un autre puisse être réalisé de manière à assurer un centrage et un positionnement axial parfaits.So that all the rectification operations can be carried out under the best conditions, in particular the requirements concerning the centering of the different cylindrical and conical surfaces of revolution, it is important that the part remains mounted on the same rotary drive device or that the passage from one arrangement to another can be achieved so as to ensure perfect centering and axial positioning.

De plus, le fait de rectifier les deux surfaces coniques en deux opérations successives implique, malgré la précision des systèmes d'avance, une certaine dispersion des résultats et par là même des difficultés à obtenir un diamètre très précis de l'arête concourante formée par les surfaces tronconiques.In addition, the fact of rectifying the two conical surfaces in two successive operations implies, in spite of the precision of the advance systems, a certain dispersion of the results and thereby even difficulties in obtaining a very precise diameter of the concurrent edge formed by frustoconical surfaces.

Le but de la présente invention est en particulier de fournir un procédé et un dispositif permettant d'assurer l'obtention de la performance susmentionnée, que l'art antérieur n'assurait pas.The object of the present invention is in particular to provide a method and a device making it possible to obtain the abovementioned performance, which the prior art did not provide.

Conformément à l'invention, ce but est atteint par la présence des caractères mentionnés dans les revendications indépendantes (1,4) annexées.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the presence of the characters mentioned in the independent claims (1,4) appended.

Selon une forme de réalisation particulière de l'objet de l'invention, destinée au rectifiage des surfaces tronconiques concourantes dans le cas où celles-ci présentent le même angle de conicité, une importante simplification peut être obtenue par le fait que les deux broches porte-meule sont montées l'une et l'autre de manière complètement fixe sur la table qui les supporte. On fait alors l'économie de certains moyens à coulisse utilisés dans le cas général où les deux angles de conicité ne sont pas égaux.According to a particular embodiment of the object of the invention, intended for the grinding of the concurrent frustoconical surfaces in the case where they have the same angle of taper, a significant simplification can be obtained by the fact that the two pins carries -wheels are mounted one and the other completely fixed on the table that supports them. We then make the economy of certain sliding means used in the general case where the two angles of conicity are not equal.

Les revendications dépendantes annexées définissent des formes d'exécution particulièrement avantageuses du procédé et du dispositif selon l'invention, en particulier la forme avantageusement simplifiée susmentionnée. D'autres caractères ou combinaisons de caractères présents, dans les revendications dépendantes annexées, assurent à l'objet de l'invention, dans certaines de ses formes d'exécution, des avantages particuliers dans le cadre de la technologie du rectifiage de haute précision.The appended dependent claims define particularly advantageous embodiments of the method and the device according to the invention, in particular the advantageously simplified form mentioned above. Other characters or combinations of characters present in the appended dependent claims provide the object of the invention, in some of its embodiments, with particular advantages in the context of high precision grinding technology.

Le dessin annexé illustre, à titre d'exemple, des formes d'exécution de l'objet de l'invention; dans ce dessin:

  • la fig. est une vue schématique en plan d'une forme d'exécution du dispositif en question, utilisable d'une façon générale pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé proposé, quels que soient les angles de conicité des surfaces tronconiques à rectifier, ces angles n'étant pas égaux dans le cas général,
  • la fig. 2 est une vue schématique explicative du fonctionnement du dispositif selon la fig. 1,
  • la fig. 3 est une vue schématique en plan du dispositif destiné à la mise en oeuvre du procédé proposé dans le cas particulier (pouvant le plus souvent être appliqué) où les deux angles de conicité des surfaces tronconiques à rectifier sont égaux,
  • la fig. 4 est une vue schématique illustrant la façon dont les meules sont dressées dans le cadre du procédé en question mis en oeuvre par le dispositif selon ia fig. 3, et
  • la fig. est une vue schématique analogue à la fig. 4 montrant l'opération par laquelle les deux meules rectifient les surfaces tronconiques en question, lors de l'utilisation du dispositif selon la fig. 3.
The accompanying drawing illustrates, by way of example, embodiments of the subject of the invention; in this drawing:
  • fig. is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the device in question, usable in general for the implementation of the proposed method, whatever the angles of conicity of the frustoconical surfaces to be rectified, these angles do not not being equal in the general case,
  • fig. 2 is a schematic explanatory view of the operation of the device according to FIG. 1,
  • fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of the device intended for implementing the method proposed in the particular case (which can most often be applied) where the two angles of conicity of the frustoconical surfaces to be rectified are equal,
  • fig. 4 is a schematic view illustrating the way in which the grinding wheels are drawn up within the framework of the process in question implemented by the device according to FIG. 3, and
  • fig. is a schematic view similar to FIG. 4 showing the operation by which the two grinding wheels rectify the frustoconical surfaces in question, when the device according to FIG. 3.

La fig. 1 représente un dispositif porte-meules pour une machine à rectifier destiné à être placée devant la broche porte-pièce ou le mandrin porte-pièce de cette machine à rectifier. Sur cette broche ou mandrin porte-pièce, en rotation autour de l'axe 00, se trouve placée et entraînée en rotation, de façon connue, une pièce à rectifier 1, non représentée à la fig. 1, mais visible à la fig. 2. La fig. 1 montre seulement l'agencement support de meules qui constitue en fait un accessoire pour machine à rectifier, placé devant celle-ci. Ce dispositif comporte une première table 2 qui est montée sur une partie de bâti, ou support similaire (non représenté), de la machine à rectifier. Cette table 2 peut se mouvoir parallèlement à l'axe 00 de la machine à rectifier, à l'aide de moyens non représentés. On note que la direction du déplacement de la table 2 pourrait également faire un certain angle γ1 avec l'axe 00. Dans le cas de la fig. 1, cet angle est donc nul (γ1 = 0).Fig. 1 shows a grinding wheel device for a grinding machine intended to be placed in front of the workpiece spindle or the workpiece chuck of this grinding machine. On this workpiece spindle or mandrel, in rotation about the axis 00, is placed and driven in rotation, in known manner, a workpiece 1, not shown in FIG. 1, but visible in fig. 2. Fig. 1 watch only the grinding wheel support arrangement which in fact constitutes an accessory for a grinding machine, placed in front of it. This device comprises a first table 2 which is mounted on a part of the frame, or similar support (not shown), of the grinding machine. This table 2 can move parallel to the axis 00 of the grinding machine, using means not shown. It is noted that the direction of movement of the table 2 could also make a certain angle γ 1 with the axis 00. In the case of FIG. 1, this angle is therefore zero (γ 1 = 0).

Cette première table 2 porte une seconde table 3, pouvant être déplacée sur la table 2 dans une direction oblique dénommée »direction angulaire primaire« et d'une façon générale la direction a, dans la forme d'exécution représentée à la fig. 1, correspond à l'angle α1. On verra par la suite que cet angle est en étroite liaison avec le travail de rectification de la machine à rectifier et avec un angle de conicité d'une surface rectifiée. Cet angle a est de préférence ajustable; dans un dispositif destiné à une fabrication permanente de pièces identiques en très grandes séries, cet angle a pourrait également être ajusté une fois pour toutes, au lieu d'être ajustable. La seconde table 3 porte une première broche porte-meules 4 fixée sur cette table de façon que l'axe de rotation de la broche soit approximativement parallèle à l'axe 00 de la machine à rectifier. Ce parallélisme n'est toutefois pas une condition de bon fonctionnement et en variante l'axe de la poupée porte-meule 4 pourrait faire un angle avec la direction de l'axe 00. Une meule 5 à surface active conique est fixée sur l'arbre de la broche 4. Cette meule 5, de petites dimensions, sera entraîné en rotation par la broche 4 à une vitesse angulaire très élevée.This first table 2 carries a second table 3, which can be moved on the table 2 in an oblique direction called "primary angular direction" and in general direction a, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, corresponds to the angle α 1 . We will see later that this angle is in close connection with the grinding work of the grinding machine and with a taper angle of a ground surface. This angle a is preferably adjustable; in a device intended for the permanent production of identical parts in very large series, this angle a could also be adjusted once and for all, instead of being adjustable. The second table 3 carries a first grinding wheel spindle 4 fixed on this table so that the axis of rotation of the spindle is approximately parallel to the axis 00 of the grinding machine. However, this parallelism is not a condition for proper operation and, as a variant, the axis of the grinding wheel headstock 4 could form an angle with the direction of the axis 00. A grinding wheel 5 with a conical active surface is fixed on the spindle shaft 4. This grinding wheel 5, of small dimensions, will be driven in rotation by spindle 4 at a very high angular speed.

A côté de cette première broche porte-meule 4, la seconde table 3 porte une seconde broche porte-meule 6, dont l'axe de rotation est, de préférence, parallèle à celui de l'autre broche porte-meule. Cette seconde broche porte-meule 6 est solidaire de la seconde table 3 dans la direction perpendiculaire à l'axe 00 de la pièce à rectifier, elle peut par contre coulisser par rapport à la table 3 dans la direction parallèle à l'axe 00. Une meule à surface active tronconique 7, notablement plus grande que la meule à surface conique 5, est montée sur l'arbre de la seconde broche porte-meules 6. La meule 7 présente un diamètre relativement grand car sa surface active doit venir à proximité de celle de la meule 5, et la meule 7 doit donc avoir un rayon proche de la distance entre les axes des deux broches. Lorsque la seconde table 3 effectue par rapport à la première table 2 un mouvement oblique dans la direction primaire a, la première poupée, 4, suit exactement ce mouvement tandis que la seconde poupée, 6, subit la même composante de déplacement dans le sens perpendiculaire à l'axe 0, par contre son mouvement est différent dans la direction de l'axe 0.Next to this first grinding wheel spindle 4, the second table 3 carries a second grinding wheel spindle 6, the axis of rotation of which is preferably parallel to that of the other grinding wheel spindle. This second grinding wheel spindle 6 is integral with the second table 3 in the direction perpendicular to the axis 00 of the workpiece, it can on the other hand slide with respect to the table 3 in the direction parallel to the axis 00. A grinding wheel with a frustoconical active surface 7, notably larger than the grinding wheel with a conical surface 5, is mounted on the shaft of the second grinding wheel spindle 6. The grinding wheel 7 has a relatively large diameter because its active surface must come close from that of the grinding wheel 5, and the grinding wheel 7 must therefore have a radius close to the distance between the axes of the two spindles. When the second table 3 performs with respect to the first table 2 an oblique movement in the primary direction a, the first doll, 4, follows exactly this movement while the second doll, 6, undergoes the same component of displacement in the perpendicular direction on axis 0, on the other hand its movement is different in the direction of axis 0.

Un dispositif de guidage directionnel 8 est fixé sur la première table 2, et il comporte une coulisse 9 qui peut, avec le dispositif de guidage 8, être positionnée selon différentes orientations par rapport à la table 2. Un téton 10, doigt suiveur ou organe analogue, exempt de jeu fixé sous la partie arrière de la carcasse de la deuxième broche 6, pénètre dans la coulisse 9 de sorte que la direction de cette dernière, formant un angle β1 avec la direction de l'axe 00 de la pièce à rectifier se trouve imposée comme direction de déplacement à la seconde broche 6, lorsque celle-ci est par ailleurs entrînée par un mouvement oblique de la seconde table 3 par rapport à la première table 2.A directional guide device 8 is fixed on the first table 2, and it comprises a slide 9 which can, with the guide device 8, be positioned in different orientations relative to the table 2. A stud 10, follower finger or member similar, free of play fixed under the rear part of the carcass of the second spindle 6, enters the slide 9 so that the direction of the latter, forming an angle β 1 with the direction of the axis 00 of the workpiece to rectify is imposed as direction of movement on the second spindle 6, when the latter is also driven by an oblique movement of the second table 3 relative to the first table 2.

Un mouvement oblique, dans la direction primaire x, de la seconde table 3 se traduit donc par un déplacement de la broche porte-meules 4 et de la meule 5 dans cette même direction primaire a, et par un déplacement de la seconde broche porte-meules 6 avec sa meule 7 dans une direction oblique déterminée par la pièce de guidage 8 et qui est en l'occurrence la direction angulaire secondaire β, ayant la valeur β1 dans l'état du dispositif représenté à la fig. 1.An oblique movement, in the primary direction x, of the second table 3 therefore results in a displacement of the grinding spindle 4 and of the grinding wheel 5 in this same primary direction a, and in a displacement of the second spindle grinding wheels 6 with its grinding wheel 7 in an oblique direction determined by the guide piece 8 and which is in this case the secondary angular direction β, having the value β 1 in the state of the device shown in fig. 1.

Les deux meules 5 et 7 se déplacent donc chacune selon une direction angulaire qui leur est propre, on voit donc que leur partie conique ou tronconique active est dressée conformément à ces deux directions α1,β1.The two grinding wheels 5 and 7 therefore each move in an angular direction which is specific to them, it can therefore be seen that their active conical or frustoconical part is erected in accordance with these two directions α 1 , β 1 .

Le fonctionnement du dispositif pour rectifier simultanément deux surfaces coniques, l'une intérieure et l'autre extérieure, à l'extrémité de la pièce à rectifier 1, sera maintenant expliqué en liaison avec la fig. 2.The operation of the device for simultaneously rectifying two conical surfaces, one interior and the other exterior, at the end of the workpiece 1, will now be explained in conjunction with FIG. 2.

Sur celle-ci, on voit que la pièce à rectifier 1 présente à sa partie avant deux surfaces tronconiques à rectifier, respectivement 11 et 12, la première étant une surface tronconique intérieure et la seconde une surface tronconique extérieure. L'angle de conicité de la surface à rectifier intérieure 11 est l'angle α1 tandis que l'angle de conicité de la surface tronconique à rectifier extérieure 12 est l'angle β1. On voit que les surfaces tronconiques actives 5a, 7a des meules 5 et 7 ont la conicité voulue pour rectifier adéquatement ces surfaces 11 et 12. Les génératrices de chacune de ces surfaces tronconiques actives de meules 5a et 7a se déplacent respectivement sur une ligne de direction primaire Ip et sur une ligne de direction secondaire Is. Les angles de ces lignes directrices primaire Ip et secondaire la par rapport à l'axe 0 de la pièce à rectifier correspondent aux directions angulaires respectivement primaire et secondaire selon lesquelles les deux broches porte-meules 4 et 6 se déplacent (fig. 1) lorsque la seconde table 3 est déplacée obliquement sur la première table 2. On voit que les lignes de directions primaire et secondaire Ip, Is se croisent à une distance hC1 de l'axe 0 de la pièce à rectifier et cette »distance de croisement« hC1 revêt une grande importance, conjointement aux deux angles α et β de directions angulaires primaire et secondaire, pour l'obtention des dimensions exactes de rectification de la pièce 1.On this one, it can be seen that the part to be ground 1 has at its front part two frustoconical surfaces to be ground, respectively 11 and 12, the first being an internal frustoconical surface and the second an external frustoconical surface. The taper angle of the inner surface to be ground 11 is the angle α 1 while the taper angle of the frustoconical surface to be ground exterior 12 is the angle β 1 . It can be seen that the active frustoconical surfaces 5a, 7a of the grinding wheels 5 and 7 have the desired taper to adequately correct these surfaces 11 and 12. The generatrices of each of these active frustoconical surfaces of grinding wheels 5a and 7a move respectively on a line of direction primary Ip and on a secondary direction line I s . The angles of these primary Ip and secondary guidelines la with respect to the axis 0 of the workpiece correspond to the angular directions respectively primary and secondary according to which the two grinding spindles 4 and 6 move (fig. 1) when the second table 3 is moved obliquely on the first table 2. It can be seen that the lines of primary and secondary directions I p , I s intersect at a distance h C1 from the axis 0 of the part to be rectified and this "distance from crossing “h C1 is of great importance, together with the two angles α and β of primary and secondary angular directions, for obtaining the exact rectification dimensions of the part 1.

Les relations voulues concernant les positions et les lignes de déplacement des génératrices des surfaces actives de meules 5a et 7a sont assurées par un positionnement adéquat de deux outils de dressage, un premier, 13, destiné ru dressage de la meule 5 et un second, 14, destiné au dressage de la meule 7. Les pointes actives, respectivement 13a et 14a des deux outils de dressage 13 et 14 doivent se situer le premier sur la ligne de direction primaire Ip et le second sur la ligne de direction secondaire Is.Dans ces conditions, un mouvement oblique, dans la direction angulaire primaire a, de la seconde table 3 par rapport à la première table 2 assure un dressage des meules tel que la génératrice de ces dernières occupera automatiquement, en position de travail de rectification la position voulue pour cette rectification. Il y a bien lieu de comprendre que, pour passer de la situation de dressage des meules à la situation de travail de rectifiage, de même que pour assurer le rattrapage d'usure de meule pour le dressage de celles-ci, de même aussi que pour assurer le fonçage de rectification voulu lors de l'opération de rectification, des déplacements longitudinaux de la première table 2 seront effectués. Il n'est pas nécessaire que le positionnement des outils de dressage 13 et 14 soit effectué par rapport à la pièce à rectifier elle-même, mais il doit être effectué en respectant les conditions géométriques précédemment énoncées (lignes de directions primaire et secondaire lp, Is, formant respectivement les angles α et β voulus et se croisant à la distance hc de l'axe 0).The desired relationships regarding the positions and lines of displacement of the generators of active surfaces of grinding wheels 5a and 7a are ensured by an adequate positioning of two dressing tools, a first, 13, intended for dressing the grinding wheel 5 and a second, 14, intended for dressing the grinding wheel 7. The active points, respectively 13a and 14a of the two dressing tools 13 and 14 must be located the first on the primary direction line Ip and the second on the secondary direction line I s. Under these conditions, an oblique movement, in the primary angular direction a, of the second table 3 relative to the first table 2 ensures a dressing of the grinding wheels such that the generator of the latter will automatically occupy, in the working position of grinding, the position desired for this grinding. It should be understood that, to move from the dressing situation of the grinding wheels to the grinding work situation, as well as to take up the wear of the grinding wheel for dressing them, as well as to ensure the desired grinding drive during the grinding operation, longitudinal displacements of the first table 2 will be made. It is not necessary for the positioning of the dressing tools 13 and 14 to be carried out with respect to the part to be ground itself, but it must be carried out in accordance with the geometrical conditions previously stated (lines of primary and secondary directions lp, I s , respectively forming the desired angles α and β and crossing at the distance hc from the axis 0).

On comprend que s'il n'y avait pas une corrélation bien déterminée entre la rectification de la surface conique intérieure 11 et la rectification de la surface conique extérieure 12, l'arête circulaire 15 qui se forme à la jonction de ces deux surfaces coniques pourrait avoir différentes valeurs de diamètre. Or, dans le cas de la pièce 1 à rectifier, la valeur de ce diamètre Da de l'arête de jonction circulaire 15 doit être établie et maintenue avec une très grande précision, du même ordre de grandeur que la précision obtenue d'une façon générale par des opérations de rectification, c'est-à-dire l'ordre du micron ou de quelques microns.It is understood that if there was not a well-defined correlation between the rectification of the internal conical surface 11 and the rectification of the external conical surface 12, the circular edge 15 which forms at the junction of these two conical surfaces could have different diameter values. However, in the case of the part 1 to be rectified, the value of this diameter D a of the circular junction edge 15 must be established and maintained with very high precision, of the same order of magnitude as the precision obtained from a generally by rectification operations, that is to say the order of a micron or a few microns.

Le diamètre Da de l'arête 15, de même que les angles de conicité α1 et β1, étant donnés, il faut que les deux lignes de directions primaire IP et secondaire Is aient bien sûr les angles voulus et de plus se croisent à la distance hC1 de l'axe 0, laquelle distance est donnée par l'expression

Figure imgb0001
The diameter D a of the edge 15, as well as the angles of conicity α 1 and β 1 , being given, the two lines of primary directions I P and secondary I s must of course have the desired angles and more intersect at the distance h C1 from the axis 0, which distance is given by the expression
Figure imgb0001

Dans cette expression ra est le rayon (ou demi-diamètre) de la corconférence formée par l'arête de jonction des surfaces coniques à rectifier et les angles α et β sont ceux que l'on vient de décrire. Dans cette expression on a omis les indices, étant donné que cette expression a une valeur générale qui ne s'applique pas seulement à la disposition constructive géométrique représentée à la fig. 2.In this expression r a is the radius (or half-diameter) of the corconference formed by the junction edge of the conical surfaces to be rectified and the angles α and β are those which we have just described. In this expression, the indices have been omitted, since this expression has a general value which does not apply only to the geometric constructive arrangement represented in FIG. 2.

On note que, puisque les surfaces actives 5a et 7a des deux meules se déplacent, sous l'effet d'un déplacement oblique de la table 3 dans la direction angulaire primaire α1, sur des lignes qui, en cours d'opération de rectifiage, se confondent exactement avec les génératrices des surfaces tronconiques à rectifier 11 et 12, il est possible de faire effectuer à ces meules, par l'intermédiaire de la table 3, un mouvement de battement au cours de l'opération de rectification, les meules »glissant« le long de leur génératrice, ce qui assure un fini de rectification nettement meilleur.Note that, since the active surfaces 5a and 7a of the two grinding wheels move, under the effect of an oblique displacement of the table 3 in the primary angular direction α 1 , on lines which, during the grinding operation , coincide exactly with the generatrices of the frustoconical surfaces to be rectified 11 and 12, it is possible to make these grinding wheels perform, by means of table 3, a flapping movement during the grinding operation, the grinding wheels »Sliding« along their generator, which ensures a much better grinding finish.

En pratique, les deux outils de dressage 13 et 14 sont fixés l'un à côté de l'autre d'une façon oblique, avec leurs axes approximativement perpendiculaires à la direction angulaire primaire α1, la distance entre les axes de ces deux outils de dressage étant de préférence fixe, à la valeur »e«. On peut par ailleurs établir, perpendiculairement aux axes des outils de dressage et donc parallèlement à la direction angulaire primaire α1, la distance »m« entre l'axe du premier outil de dressage 13 et l'endroit où la ligne de direction Ip coupe l'axe 0 de la pièce à rectifier (et de la machine à rectifier). Dans ces conditions, pour établir le positionnement voulu du second outil de dressage 14, étant admis que l'angle de direction primaire α1 a été préalablement établi, il faut faire avancer ce second outil de dressage perpendiculairement à la ligne de direction primaire Ip de façon que sa pointe vienne à une distance d'i en avant de cette ligne primaire Ip et sur la ligne de direction secondaire Is. Pour que cette condition soit satisfaite, il suffit que la distance d'i dont la pointe 14a de l'outil de dressage 14 s'avance au-delà de la ligne de direction primaire Ip réponde à la condition:

Figure imgb0002
In practice, the two dressing tools 13 and 14 are fixed side by side in an oblique fashion, with their axes approximately perpendicular to the primary angular direction α 1 , the distance between the axes of these two tools. preferably being fixed, with the value »e«. It is also possible to establish, perpendicular to the axes of the dressing tools and therefore parallel to the primary angular direction α 1 , the distance "m" between the axis of the first dressing tool 13 and the place where the line of direction Ip cuts axis 0 of the workpiece (and of the grinding machine). Under these conditions, to establish the desired positioning of the second dressing tool 14, it being accepted that the primary steering angle α 1 has been previously established, it is necessary to advance this second dressing tool perpendicular to the primary direction line Ip of so that its point comes at a distance of i in front of this primary line Ip and on the secondary direction line I s . For this condition to be satisfied, it suffices that the distance i whose tip 14a of the dressing tool 14 advances beyond the primary direction line Ip meets the condition:
Figure imgb0002

Dans cette expression, les différentes grandeurs correspondent à ce qui a été défini ci-dessus; à nouveau, on a omis les indices, du fait de la portée générale de l'expression.In this expression, the different quantities correspond to what has been defined above; again, the clues were omitted due to the generality of the expression.

On note que, en augmentant quelque peu la distance »m« par rapport à ce qui est représenté à la fig. 2, la pointe 14a de l'outil de dressage 14 viendrait sur le point de croisement des deux lignes de direction, et pourrait même venir en arrière de la ligne de direction primaire Ip, au-delà de ce point de croisement. Cette situation aurait l'avantage de permettre un dressage des meules sans avoir à escamoter les outils de dressage ou à retirer vers l'arrière l'ensemble des meules pour pouvoir amener celles-ci en situation de dressage à partir de la situation de travail de rectification. Dans le cas de la fig. 2, on voit que pour faire passer les meules 5 et 7 de la situation de rectification (dessinée en traits pleins) à la situation de dressage (dessinée en traits pointillés), il est nécessaire de reculer soit les meules soit les outils, faute de quoi la meule 5, dans son trajet vers l'outil de dressage 13, se heurterait à l'outil de dressage 14. Par l'augmentation de la valeur »m«, on pourrait éviter cet inconvénient. En variante, on pourrait également, pour autant que les angles a et paient entre eux une différence de valeur de l'ordre de celle représentée à la fig. 2, positionner à demeure les deux outils de dressage 13 et 14 de façon que leurs deux pointes se situent sur la ligne de direction Ip, en modifiant selon les nécessités la distance »m« de façon que la pointe de l'outil de dressage 14 vienne au point de croisement des deux lignes et se trouve ainsi également sur la ligne Is où il doit se trouver.Note that, by slightly increasing the distance »m« from what is shown in fig. 2, the tip 14a of the dressing tool 14 would come to the point of intersection of the two direction lines, and could even come behind the primary direction line Ip, beyond this point of crossing. This situation would have the advantage of allowing dressing of the grinding wheels without having to retract the dressing tools or of withdrawing all the grinding wheels backwards in order to be able to bring them into dressing situation from the work situation of rectification. In the case of fig. 2, it can be seen that in order to move the grinding wheels 5 and 7 from the rectification situation (drawn in solid lines) to the dressing situation (drawn in dotted lines), it is necessary to move back either the grinding wheels or the tools, for lack of what the grinding wheel 5, in its path towards the dressing tool 13, would collide to the dressing tool 14. By increasing the value »m«, this disadvantage could be avoided. As a variant, one could also, provided that the angles a and pay between them a difference in value of the order of that shown in FIG. 2, permanently position the two dressing tools 13 and 14 so that their two points are on the line of direction Ip, modifying as necessary the distance »m« so that the point of the dressing tool 14 comes to the crossing point of the two lines and is thus also on line I s where it must be.

Les fig. 3, 4 et 5 illustrent une variante du dispositif pour un cas particulier d'usinage qui permet de très nombreuses simplifications. Sur ces trois figures, les parties qui sont identiques à des parties de la forme d'exécution des fig. 1 et 2 sont représentées par les mêmes signes de référence.Figs. 3, 4 and 5 illustrate a variant of the device for a particular machining case which allows many simplifications. In these three figures, the parts which are identical to parts of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 are represented by the same reference signs.

Cette forme d'exécution simplifiée est destinée au cas où les deux surfaces tronconiques à rectifier présentent l'une et l'autre le même angle de conicité (α2 = 82).This simplified embodiment is intended for the case where the two frustoconical surfaces to be rectified both have the same angle of conicity (α 2 = 82).

Dans cette seconde forme d'exécution, on retrouve la première table 2, déplaçable dans le sens axial, c'est-à-dire dans une direction faisant un angle v2 = 0 avec la direction de l'axe de la pièce à rectifier, on retrouve également la seconde table 3, déplaçable obliquement selon la dite direction angulaire primaire (α2), de même que la première broche porte-meules 4 fixée sur la table 3 et portant une petite meule conique 5.In this second embodiment, there is the first table 2, movable in the axial direction, that is to say in a direction making an angle v 2 = 0 with the direction of the axis of the workpiece , there is also the second table 3, which can be displaced obliquely in said primary angular direction (α 2 ), as is the first grinding wheel spindle 4 fixed on the table 3 and carrying a small conical grinding wheel 5.

Par contre, on ne retrouve plus le dispositif de guidage 8, 9, 10, et la seconde broche porte-meules, 16, est elle aussi totalement fixée sur la seconde table 3. Par ailleurs, elle porte une meule 17 à surface active tronconique 17a qui présente la même conicité que la surface active conique 5a de la première meule. La pièce à rectifier, 18, présente une surface intérieure conique 11 semblable à celle de la pièce 1 dans le cas de la première forme d'exécution mais elle diffère de celle-ci quant à sa surface conique extérieure 20, qui présente le même angle de conicité que la surface conique intérieure. En d'autres termes, on a identité entre les directions angulaires primaire et secondaire, c'est-à-dire α2 = β2. Cette forme d'exécution est notablement plus avantageuse étant donné qu'elle fait l'économie de moyens de coulissement pour la seconde broche porte-meules et de moyens de guidage obliques spécifiques à celle-ci. Dans cette forme d'exécution, on n'a pas de point de croisement entre les lignes de direction l'p et l's, ou plus exactement ce point de croisement se situerait à l'infini (puisque a = α, ctg (β ― α) = ∞). Les deux lignes de direction sont parallèles et ont entre elles une distance d2 qui représente également la distance dont la pointe 21a du second outil de dressage doit s'avancer au-devant de la ligne de direction l'p, c'est-à-dire au-devant de la pointe 13a du premier outil de dressage 13. Dans cette forme d'exécution, on a représenté les outils de dressage d'une façon plus technologique, ces outils étant montés sur un bloc porte-outils de dressage 22. Des organes de réglage 23 et 24 permettent de régler, perpendiculairement à la ligne de direction l'p, la position des pointes actives 13a, 21 a des outils de dressage 13,21.On the other hand, there is no longer any guide device 8, 9, 10, and the second grinding wheel spindle, 16, is also completely fixed on the second table 3. Furthermore, it carries a grinding wheel 17 with frustoconical active surface 17a which has the same conicity as the conical active surface 5a of the first grinding wheel. The workpiece, 18, has a conical inner surface 11 similar to that of the workpiece 1 in the case of the first embodiment, but it differs therefrom as regards its outer conical surface 20, which has the same angle taper than the inner conical surface. In other words, there is identity between the primary and secondary angular directions, that is to say α 2 = β 2 . This embodiment is notably more advantageous since it saves sliding means for the second grinding spindle and oblique guide means specific thereto. In this embodiment, there is no crossing point between the lines of direction l'p and l ' s , or more exactly this crossing point would be at infinity (since a = α, ctg ( β - α) = ∞). The two direction lines are parallel and have a distance between them d 2 which also represents the distance by which the point 21a of the second dressing tool must advance in front of the direction line l'p, i.e. -to say in front of the tip 13a of the first dressing tool 13. In this embodiment, the dressing tools have been shown in a more technological manner, these tools being mounted on a block of dressing tool holders 22 Adjusting members 23 and 24 make it possible to adjust, perpendicular to the line of direction p, the position of the active points 13a, 21 with dressing tools 13,21.

Dans cette forme d'exécution, on note que des distances »m« et »e« ne jouent aucun rôle pour la détermination de la distance d2 entre les pointes des outils de dressage, perpendiculairement aux lignes de directions. En échange, la solution consistant à rendre »m« suffisamment grand pour que la situation de dressage puisse être gagnée à partir de la situation de rectification sans escamotage des outils de dressage ou retrait axial momentané des broches porte-meules n'est plus possible puisque la distance d2 reste constante quelle que soit la valeur de »m«. On note que, dans le cas de cette forme d'exécution selon les fig. 3, 4 et 5, la direction de déplacement de la première table 2 ne devrait pas obligatoirement être parallèle à l'axe 0 de la pièce à rectifier, c'est-à-dire à l'axe de la broche porte-pièces de la machine à rectifier. Selon les configurations de meule et les différentes conditions accessoires, on pourrait prévoir un angle y non nul entre la direction de l'axe de la pièce à rectifier et la direction de déplacement de la première table 2. La condition générale qui doit en tous les cas être réalisée est:

Figure imgb0003
In this embodiment, it is noted that distances »m« and »e« do not play any role in determining the distance d 2 between the tips of the dressing tools, perpendicular to the direction lines. In exchange, the solution consisting in making »m« sufficiently large so that the dressing situation can be won from the rectification situation without retraction of the dressing tools or temporary axial withdrawal of the grinding spindles is no longer possible since the distance d 2 remains constant whatever the value of »m«. Note that, in the case of this embodiment according to FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, the direction of movement of the first table 2 should not necessarily be parallel to the axis 0 of the workpiece, i.e. to the axis of the workpiece spindle of the grinding machine. Depending on the wheel configurations and the different accessory conditions, a non-zero angle y could be provided between the direction of the axis of the workpiece and the direction of movement of the first table 2. The general condition which must in all case to be performed is:
Figure imgb0003

On note que, également dans cette forme d'exécution selon les fig. 3 à 5, on donne avantageusement aux meules, au cours de l'opération de rectification, un mouvement de battement réalisé par un déplacement alternatif de la table 3 dans la direction oblique qui est sa direction de déplacement (à savoir la direction angulaire primaire et secondaire commune).Note that, also in this embodiment according to FIGS. 3 to 5, the grinding wheels are advantageously given, during the grinding operation, a flapping movement produced by an alternating movement of the table 3 in the oblique direction which is its direction of movement (namely the primary angular direction and secondary school).

On note enfin que, selon les formes de meule et les circonstances, il peut s'avérer avantageux de disposer les axes des broches porte-meules avec un certain angle par rapport à l'axe de la pièce à rectifier, en particulier lorsque l'on a un angle de conicité très faible, une telle orientation permettant alors d'utiliser une meule légèrement moins fragile pour la rectification de la surface conique intérieure.Finally, it should be noted that, depending on the shape of the grinding wheel and the circumstances, it may prove advantageous to have the axes of the grinding spindles at a certain angle with respect to the axis of the workpiece, in particular when the there is a very small angle of conicity, such an orientation then making it possible to use a slightly less fragile grinding wheel for the rectification of the internal conical surface.

La première meule, 5, de très petites dimensions, tourne naturellement à la plus haute vitesse possible compte tenu des caractéristiques de la broche porte-meules; la meule 17 (de même que la meule 7 dans la première forme d'exécution) de plus grand diamètre, tourne naturellement moins vite.The first wheel, 5, of very small dimensions, naturally rotates at the highest possible speed taking into account the characteristics of the grinding spindle; the grinding wheel 17 (like the grinding wheel 7 in the first embodiment) of larger diameter, naturally rotates less quickly.

La conception inédite ci-décrite englobe également, et même primairement, le procédé de rectification par lequel deux meules procèdent simultanément à la rectification d'une surface tronconique intérieure et d'une surface tronconique extérieure à l'avant d'une pièce à rectifier. Le procédé décrit, même s'il était mis en oeuvre à l'aide d'autres dispositifs agencés en l'occurrence à cet effet, n'en continuerait pas moins à être conforme à la conception particulière proposée par l'invention.The original design described here also includes, and even primarily, the rectification process by which two grinding wheels simultaneously proceed to the grinding of an internal frustoconical surface and of an external frustoconical surface in front of a part to be rectified. The method described, even if it was implemented using other devices arranged for this purpose, does not would continue to conform to the particular concept proposed by the invention.

On note que les outils de dressage sont souvent des molettes diamantées et non des outils à pointe de diamant. Dans ce cas, toute la tranche active de la molette doit se situer sur la ligne de direction appropriée (Ipou Is).Note that the dressing tools are often diamond cutters and not diamond-tipped tools. In this case, the entire active edge of the thumbwheel must be on the appropriate direction line (Ipou I s ).

Claims (12)

1. Process for grinding two frustoconical surfaces (11, 12; 11,20), one internal and the other external, converging at the end of a part to be ground (1; 18) where they form a circular joining edge, characterized by disposing, in front of the front end of the said part to be ground mounted on a rotary-drive device, a first table (2) displaceable in a direction defined by the angle (γ1; γ2) which it forms with the axis (0) of the part to be ground and, on this first table, a second table (3) displaceable obliquely relative to the latter along a primary angular direction corresponding to the angle of taper (α1; α2) desired for one of the said frustoconical surfaces, mounting a first grinding-spindle (4) fixedly on this second table in such a way that it is displaced therewith along the said primary angular direction, and mounting on this second table a second grinding-spindle (6; 16) in such a way that it is joined to the second table in at least one direction, providing for this second grinding-spindle an arrangement suitable for ensuring it, in response to a displacement of the second table in the said primary angular direction, an oblique displacement along a secondary angular direction corresponding to the angle of taper (β1; β2) desired for the other of the said frustoconical surfaces, and causing two conical or frustoconical grinding wheels (5, 7; 5, 17), respectively borne by the two grinding-spindles, to act upon the front end of the part to be ground, after having undertaken the truing of the grinding wheels respectively mounted on the first and on the second spindles with the aid of a first and of a second grinding-wheel truing tool (13,14; 13,21), respectively, these grinding-wheel truing tools being positioned for that purpose, relative to the axis (0) of the part to be ground, in a manner suitably established for obtaining the diameter (Da) desired for the said circular joining edge, which diameter, for given values of angles (α1, β1; α2, β2), depends only on the position of the truing tools, an action of grinding of the part to be ground, resulting from the action of the two said grinding wheels on this part, being ensured following the truing of the grinding wheels by an oblique displacement of the said second table in the said primary angular direction, then by a displacement of the said first table, causing the latter to advance towards the part to be ground, the orientation of this movement being such as to ensure satisfying of the equation:
Figure imgb0014
in which a is the angle of taper (œ1; x2) corresponding to the said primary angular direction, β is the angle of taper (β1; β2) corresponding to the said secondary angular direction, and y is the angle (γ1; γ2) which the direction of displacement of the said first table forms with the direction of the axis (0) of the part to be ground.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterized by imparting to the said second table (3), at the time of the grinding operation, a reciprocating movement in the said primary angular direction, so as to improve the state of finish of the ground surfaces.
3. Process according to one of the claims 1 to 2, intended to grind two said frustoconical surfaces (11, 20) each having the same angle of taper, characterized by completely fixing the said second grinding-spindle (16) on the said second table (3) for arranging the said second grinding-spindle (16) in such a way that its movement relative to the said first table (2) has the required angular direction, the two truing tools (13, 21) being so positioned, in active position, that their active tips are respectively situated on two parallel oblique lines forming relative to the axis (0) of the part to be rectified an angle (a2) equal to the said angle of taper common to the two said frustoconical surfaces, the distance (d2) between these lines being given by the expression:
Figure imgb0015
in which d is the said distance (d2), Da is the diameter of the said circular joining edge, and a is the angle of taper (eX2) common to the two said frustoconical surfaces to be ground, the truing tool for the grinding wheel intended for grinding the external frustoconical surface being placed closer to said axis (0) than the other tool, on whichever of the two said lines intersects this axis the farther in front of the part to be ground.
4. Wheel-holder device for grinding machine, for carrying out the process according to claim 1, intended for grinding two frustoconical surfaces (11, 12; 11, 20), one internal and the other external, converging at the end of a part to be ground (1; 18) where they form a circular joining edge, characterized in that it comprises a first table (2) displaceable in a direction defined by its angle of orientation (γ1; γ2) relative to the axis (0) of the part to be ground, a second table (3) mounted on the first one and displaceable obliquely relative to the latter along a primary angular direction corresponding to the angle of taper (α1; α2) desired for one of the said frustoconical surfaces, a first grinding-spindle (4) mounted fixedly on the said second table so as to move with it along the said primary angular direction, and a second grinding-spindle (6; 16) joined to this second table in at least one direction and having an arrangement suitable for ensuring it, in response to a displacement of the second table in the said primary angular direction, an oblique displacement along a second angular direction corresponding to the angle of taper (β1; β2) desired for the other of the said frustoconical surfaces, and two grinding-wheel truing tools (13, 14; 13, 21) for truing, respectively, a grinding wheel mounted on the said first grinding-spindle and a grinding wheel mounted on the said second grinding-spindle, these truing tools being positioned, in their working state, relative to the axis (0) of the part to be ground and taking into account the two said angles of taper (α1, β1; α2, β2) desired, in such a way that after truing of the grinding-wheels, the operation of grinding the two frustoconical surfaces ensures the obtaining of the diameter (Da) desired forthe said circular joining edge.
5. Device according to claim 4, intended for grinding two said frustoconical surfaces (11; 12) having different angles of taper (α1, β1), in which said angle (γ1) of orientation relative to the said axis (0) of the direction of displacement of the said first table is »0«, characterized in that, the two said grinding-spindles (4; 6) being disposed with their axes at least approximately parallel to the axis (0) of the part to be ground (1), the said second grinding-spindle (6) is joined to the said second table with respect to the displacements in the direction perpendicular to the axis (0) of the part to be ground and can slide on this table in the direction parallel to this axis (0), the said arrangement of this second grinding-spindle consisting in the presence of a guiding device (8, 9, 10) slidable without play joining this second grinding-spindle to the said first table, in a manner allowing the second grinding-spindle to move relative to this first table only in the said secondary angular direction (β1).
6. Device according to claim 5, in which the said primary angular direction corresponds to the angle of taper (α1) desired for the said internal frustoconical surface, characterized in that the said truing tools (13, 14) are positioned so that their respective active tips (13a, 14a) are respectively situated on two convergent oblique lines in a plane passing through the axis (0) of the part to be ground (1), one of these convergent lines being a primary line of direction (Ip) inclined to the axis (0) of the part to be ground at an angle (α1) corresponding to the said primary angular direction, and the other of these convergent lines being a secondary line of direction (Is) incclined to the said axis (0) at an angle (β1) corresponding to the said secondary angular direction, and these two lines being situated relative to one another in such a way as to intersect at a point separated from the said axis (0) by a distance (hci) determined by the expression
Figure imgb0016
in which expression hc is the said distance (hci) between the said axis and the point of intersection of the said lines, Da is the diameter of the circular joining edge, a is the angle of inclination (α1) of the said primary line of direction (Ip), and β ist the angle of inclination (β1) of the said secondary line of direction (Is).
7. Device according to claim 6, in which the second truing tool (14), having its active tip (14a) on the said secondary line of direction (Is), is adjustable or adjusted in a direction perpendicular to the said primary line of direction (Ip), so that a constant distance »e« exists along the said primary line of direction (Ip) between the point where the active tip of the first truing tool is situated and the point which is situated, on the said primary line of direction (Ip), opposite the active tip of the second tool, a constant distance »m« furthermore existing, along this same primary line of direction (Ip), between the point where the active tip of the first truing tool is situated and the point of intersection of this line with the axis (0) of the part to be ground, characterized in that the tip of the second tool, in order to be suitably situated on the said secondary line of direction (Is), is advanced relative to the primary line of direction (Ip) by a certain distance (d'i), the value of which answers the equation:
Figure imgb0017
in which expression d' is said certain distance (d'i), »m« and »e« correspond to the magnitudes defined above, and Da is the diameter desired for the said circular joining edge, while α and β are respectively the angle corresponding to the said primary angular direction (a,) which is also the angle of inclination of the primary line of direction (Ip) and the angle corresponding to the said secondary angular direction (β1) which is likewise the angle of inclination of the said secondary line of direction (Is).
8. Device according to one of the claims 4 to 7, characterized in that it comprises means for imparting to the said second table, when the grinding wheels are in grinding working position, a reciprocating movement in the said primary angular direction, so as to improve the state of finish of the ground surfaces.
9. Device according to claim 4, intended for grinding two frustoconical surfaces (11; 20) having equal angles of taper (β2 = α2), characterized in that the said arrangement of the said second grinding-spindle (16) consists in a fixed mounting of the latter on the said second table (3), the said secondary angular direction being the same as the said primary angular direction.
10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the two truing tools (13, 21) are so positioned, in active position, that their active tips (13a, 21 a) are respectively situated on two parallel oblique lines forming relative to the axis (0) of the part to be ground an angle (a2) equal to the said angle of taper common to the two frustoconical surfaces, the distance (d2) between these lines being given by the expression:
Figure imgb0018
in which expression d is the said distance (d2), Da is the diameter of the said circular joining edge, and α ist the angle of taper (a2) common to the two said frustoconical surfaces to be ground, the truing tool for the grinding wheel intended for grinding the external frustoconical surface being placed closed to said axis (0) than the other tool, on whichever of the two said lines intersects this axis the farther in front of the part to be ground.
11. Application of the process according to one of the claims 1 to 3 for grinding the two frustoconical surfaces, internal and external, respectively, of a petrol-injection nozzle for an engine.
12. Use of the device according to one of the claims 4 to 10 for grinding the two frustoconical surfaces, internal and external, respectively, of a petrol-injection nozzle for an engine.
EP81200198A 1980-02-27 1981-02-20 Process for precision grinding two cooperating truncated-cone surfaces, apparatus for carrying out this process, use of this apparatus and precision ground article resulting upon the application of this process Expired EP0035301B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1580/80 1980-02-27
CH158080A CH636789A5 (en) 1980-02-27 1980-02-27 PROCESS FOR RECTIFYING TWO CONCURRENT TRUNCONIC SURFACES, DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THIS PROCESS, CORRECTED PIECE RESULTING FROM THE SAME, AND APPLICATION OF THIS PROCESS.

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EP0035301A1 EP0035301A1 (en) 1981-09-09
EP0035301B1 true EP0035301B1 (en) 1984-05-16

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US4386483A (en) 1983-06-07
EP0035301A1 (en) 1981-09-09
DE3163566D1 (en) 1984-06-20

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