EP0034106B1 - Earth-compression drill bit with plane closing disc - Google Patents

Earth-compression drill bit with plane closing disc Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0034106B1
EP0034106B1 EP81440005A EP81440005A EP0034106B1 EP 0034106 B1 EP0034106 B1 EP 0034106B1 EP 81440005 A EP81440005 A EP 81440005A EP 81440005 A EP81440005 A EP 81440005A EP 0034106 B1 EP0034106 B1 EP 0034106B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boring bit
helical
axis
fact
drill bit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP81440005A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0034106A1 (en
Inventor
Gaspar Jozef Coelus
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from BE0/199306A external-priority patent/BE881598A/en
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Priority to AT81440005T priority Critical patent/ATE4133T1/en
Publication of EP0034106A1 publication Critical patent/EP0034106A1/en
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Publication of EP0034106B1 publication Critical patent/EP0034106B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/36—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making without use of mouldpipes or other moulds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/44—Bits with helical conveying portion, e.g. screw type bits; Augers with leading portion or with detachable parts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drill bit intended for drilling in the ground, which acts by compressing the ground laterally in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
  • the drill bits intended for drilling generally consist of a drilling head, extended by a tube. They have at their lower end a plug, which is released at the bottom of the borehole, which allows in particular the injection of concrete into the borehole, via the tube, as it is withdrawn.
  • the present invention proposes to remedy these drawbacks, and proposes a drill bit which has a particular shape. This shape makes it possible to close the connection tube with the ground surface by means of a simple flat plate, and yet to carry out rapid and suitable drilling.
  • the drill bit therefore lends itself particularly well to the formation of concrete foundation pillars in the ground.
  • the drill bit according to the invention is characterized in that its head has at its end two helical cylinder walls extending from the central coupling tube with an axis parallel to the axis 11 of the drill bit, facing one of the other but offset one relative to the other and relative to the axis 11 of the drill bit, arranged, taking into account the direction of rotation of the drill bit corresponding to a borehole, so as to push outwards and laterally compressing the shoe from their outer face, due to their eccentricity, the orientation of the propeller portion that they form respectively being that which corresponds to a depression of the drill bit for said rotation.
  • the drill bit consists of a central coupling tube 1, surrounded by the drill bit body 2.
  • the coupling tube is closed at the base by a closing plate 3, and is fixed at the top to the drilling tube itself 4.
  • the most characteristic elements of the drill bit body 2 are the helical cylinder walls 5 and 6, with axes respectively parallel to the axis 11 of the drill bit, but eccentric with respect to this axis 11.
  • the tube portions forming said helical walls will be called thereafter eccentric fins.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 They are arranged so that when the drill bit is rotated in a direction of rotation corresponding to a borehole, and for example in a clockwise direction as shown by the arrow in FIG. 3, and that a force directed vertically downwards is exerted on the drill bit at the same time, the eccentric fins 5 and 6 push the earth outwards on their outside, compress the ground laterally outwards and sleep at level of their internal face of the hollow spaces 9 in which the pressure is practically zero.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 In FIG. 2, they are delimited by the internal face of the eccentric fins 5 and 6, and by a dashed line which corresponds to the areas covered by the two eccentric fins 5 and 6 during the drill bit rotation.
  • the eccentric fins 5 and 6 are also helical.
  • the pitch of the propeller which they constitute is oriented so that a rotation of the drill bit for drilling corresponds to a "screwing" of the eccentric fins deep in the ground.
  • zone 10 On the underside of the drill bit, corresponding to zone 10, that is to say the zone which is not covered by any of the eccentric fins 5 and 6 during their displacement in rotation, there is simple contact between it this and the ground. This contact is established at a surface of the drill bit corresponding substantially to the diameter of the closure plate 3, which has a diameter equal to or less than the diameter of the helical walls, reduced by the distance separating their axes.
  • zone 10 a central core which is laterally surrounded by hollow spaces, corresponding to zones 9, that is to say to the earth repelled and compressed by the eccentric fins 5 and 6.
  • the drill bit In the case where the drill bit must be extracted from the ground after drilling, it also comprises other eccentric fins 7 and 8 arranged above the fins 5 and 6. Preferably, a cylindrical zone of revolution 12 is interposed between the fins 5 and 6 and fins 7 and 8.
  • the fins 7 and 8 are also helical, and the pitch and the orientation of the propeller portions which they constitute are substantially identical to those of the fins 5 and 6.
  • the fins 7 and 8 have an axis parallel to the axis 11, eccentric with respect thereto.
  • the eccentricity has substantially the same value as the eccentricity of the fins 5 and 6, but an opposite orientation.
  • the fins 7 and 8 therefore push the outer gap, compressing it laterally outward for a rotational movement shown diagrammatically by the arrow in FIG. 4, corresponding to an extraction of the drill bit.
  • helical flanges 13 are arranged at the outer periphery of the fins 5 and 6, of the intermediate cylinder 12, and of the fins 7 and 8. These flanges reinforce the various elements to which they are secured and also improve the grip of the drill bit in the ground at the periphery of the drill hole.
  • the eccentric fins 5 to 8 are preferably portions of cylinder of revolution. This allows for simple manufacturing, within the reach of ordinary skill in the art, and for example by mechanical welding. The cost price of the drill bit is therefore very low.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates in section a drill bit according to a variant of the invention.
  • This drill bit comprises a central tube 14, and a drill bit body 15.
  • the drill bit body 15 is intended to be left at the bottom of the borehole, and to serve as a base for the concrete pillar which will then be poured into the borehole. It therefore has a simplified structure compared to the drill bit described in FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the coupling means between the central tube 14 and the drill bit body 15 are of any suitable type, and have been shown diagrammatically at 16.
  • a plate 17, integral with the drill bit body 15 closes off the interior zone defined by the central tube 14, when the head and tube are coupled.
  • eccentric fins 18 and 19 are located below the plate 17 below eccentric fins 18 and 19, substantially identical to the fins 5 and 6. In FIG. 5, only the parts of the fins 18 and 19 situated behind the cutting plane are visible.
  • an anchor bolt 20 of a known type is secured to the plate 17 and goes up inside the tube 14. This bolt is intended to anchor the drill bit body 15 in the concrete which will be poured then in the drilling.
  • helical flanges 21 similar to the flanges 13 are arranged at the outer periphery of the drill bit body 15.
  • FIG. 6 shows schematically the drilling operations with the drill bit according to the present invention.
  • the central drilling tube 22 is extended by a concrete tank 23.
  • the drilling tube is put in circular rotation, and is kept vertical by a machine 24 which is placed on the ground and can roll there.
  • the machine is provided with a motor 25 having sufficient power and a strong reduction, so that the drill pipe can turn slowly but with a very high torque.
  • the vertical pressure on the drill bit is also obtained by the fact that the weight of the machine is partially transmitted to the central drilling tube 22 by hydraulic cylinders 27 and by a pressure level 28.
  • the boreholes produced by means of the drill bits according to the present invention can be vertical, slightly inclined, oblique and even horizontal, when the boreholes they carry out are intended for drawing piles. In the latter case, a concrete pump is required to fill the borehole.
  • An additional advantage of the drill bits according to the present invention is that they can be formed by welding of simple shape parts of very hard steel.
  • the fins which are the most exposed to wear, can therefore also be replaced regularly without difficulty or at significant cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

1. A boring bit for forming boreholes, acting by lateral pressure on the ground, comprising a boring bit body (2, 15) and a central coupling tube (1, 14) closed at its end which is rotated and possibly subjected to a force along its axis, characterized by the fact that the head has at its end two helical cylinder walls (5, 6), extending from the central coupling tube, and whose axis is parallel to the axis (11) of the boring bit, facing each other, but offcentered with respect to each other and with respect to the axis (11) on the boring bit, disposed, taking into account the direction of rotation of the boring bit for forming a drill hole, so as to push the earth outwardly and so as to compress it laterally outwardly by their external face, because of the offcentering thereof, the orientation of the helical portion which they form respectively being that which corresponds to driving the boring bit into the ground for said rotation.

Description

Là présente invention est relative à un trépan destiné à réaliser des forages dans le sol, qui agit par compression du sol latéralement conformément au préambule de la revendication 1.The present invention relates to a drill bit intended for drilling in the ground, which acts by compressing the ground laterally in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.

Les trépans destinés à des forages sont généralement constitués par une tête de forage, prolongée par un tube. Ils présentent à leur partie extrême inférieure un bouchon, qui est largué au fond du forage, ce qui permet en particulier l'injection de béton dans le forage, par l'intermédiaire du tube, au fur et à mesure de son retrait.The drill bits intended for drilling generally consist of a drilling head, extended by a tube. They have at their lower end a plug, which is released at the bottom of the borehole, which allows in particular the injection of concrete into the borehole, via the tube, as it is withdrawn.

La plupart des trépans comprimant le sol que l'on connaît déjà actuellement ont pour inconvénient particulier que leur bouchon de fermeture doit avoir une forme compliquée pour que le forage puisse se dérouler convenablement. Ce bouchon est onéreux, et d'un volume relativement important. La nécessité de le laisser au fond du forage entraîne donc un coût important de celui-ci, car il est nécessaire de remplacer le bouchon entier pour chaque forage (FR-E-2215075).Most of the drill bits compressing the soil that are already known at present have the particular drawback that their closure plug must have a complicated shape so that drilling can proceed properly. This cap is expensive, and of a relatively large volume. The need to leave it at the bottom of the borehole therefore involves a significant cost thereof, since it is necessary to replace the entire plug for each borehole (FR-E-2215075).

Un autre inconvénient des trépans actuellement connus découle de ce que leur contact avec le sol se produit sous forte pression, sur toute leur surface latérale, ce qui détermine un important traitement et un grand dégagement de chaleur. Leur usure est donc importante.Another drawback of the currently known drill bits stems from the fact that their contact with the ground occurs under high pressure, over their entire lateral surface, which determines an important treatment and a great release of heat. Their wear is therefore important.

On connaît aussi des trépans (FR-A-1 202 851 ) agissant par compression latérale du sol qui présentent deux demi-tubes cylindriques qui vont en convergeant vers le bas et qui se terminent par une lame d'attaque. Un tel trépan nécessite toujours l'application d'une force selon son axe quelle que soit la nature du sol.Bits are also known (FR-A-1 202 851) acting by lateral compression of the ground which have two cylindrical half-tubes which converge downwards and which end in an attack blade. Such a drill bit always requires the application of a force along its axis regardless of the nature of the soil.

La présente invention propose de remédier ces inconvénients, et propose un trépan qui présente une forme particulière. Cette forme permet de fermer le tube de liaison avec la surface du sol au moyen d'une simple plaque plane, et de réaliser cependant un forage rapide et convenable. Le trépan se prête de ce fait particulièrement bien à la formation de piliers de fondation en béton dans le sol.The present invention proposes to remedy these drawbacks, and proposes a drill bit which has a particular shape. This shape makes it possible to close the connection tube with the ground surface by means of a simple flat plate, and yet to carry out rapid and suitable drilling. The drill bit therefore lends itself particularly well to the formation of concrete foundation pillars in the ground.

Le trépan selon l'invention est caractérisé par le fait que sa tête présente au niveau de son extrémité deux parois hélicoïdales de cylindre partant du tube central d'accouplement d'axe parallèle à l'axe 11 du trépan, en regard l'une de l'autre mais excentrées l'une par rapport à l'autre et par rapport à l'axe 11 du trépan, disposées, compte tenu du sens de rotation du trépan correspondant à un forage, de manière à repousser vers l'extérieur et à comprimer latéralement vers l'extérieur la ferre par leur face extérieure, du fait de leur excentrement, l'orientation de la portion d'hélice qu'elles forment respectivement étant celle qui correspond à un enfoncement du trépan pour ladite rotation.The drill bit according to the invention is characterized in that its head has at its end two helical cylinder walls extending from the central coupling tube with an axis parallel to the axis 11 of the drill bit, facing one of the other but offset one relative to the other and relative to the axis 11 of the drill bit, arranged, taking into account the direction of rotation of the drill bit corresponding to a borehole, so as to push outwards and laterally compressing the shoe from their outer face, due to their eccentricity, the orientation of the propeller portion that they form respectively being that which corresponds to a depression of the drill bit for said rotation.

L'invention sera mieux comprise si l'on se réfère à la description ci-dessous, ainsi qu'aux dessins en annexe qui en font partie intégrante.

  • La figure 1 représente en perspective l'extrémité inférieure d'un trépan selon l'invention, dans un mode déterminé de réalisation.
  • La figure 2 est une vue en coupe de Îa figure 1 par un plan vertical passant par l'axe du trépan.
  • La figure 3 est une vue du trépan selon la coupe B-B.
  • La figure 4 est une vue du trépan selon la coupe C-C.
  • La figure 5 est une vue en coupe d'un trépan par un plan vertical passant par son axe, selon une variante de l'invention.
  • La figure 6 schématise la machine qui permet de réaliser les forages.
The invention will be better understood if reference is made to the description below, as well as to the accompanying drawings which form an integral part thereof.
  • Figure 1 shows in perspective the lower end of a drill bit according to the invention, in a specific embodiment.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view of Îa Figure 1 by a vertical plane passing through the axis of the drill bit.
  • Figure 3 is a view of the drill bit in section BB.
  • Figure 4 is a view of the drill bit in section CC.
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view of a drill bit through a vertical plane passing through its axis, according to a variant of the invention.
  • Figure 6 shows schematically the machine that allows drilling.

Le trépan est constitué par un tube central d'accouplement 1, entouré du corps de trépan 2. Le tube d'accouplement est fermé à la base par une plaque de fermeture 3, et est fixé à la partie supérieure au tube de forage proprement dit 4.The drill bit consists of a central coupling tube 1, surrounded by the drill bit body 2. The coupling tube is closed at the base by a closing plate 3, and is fixed at the top to the drilling tube itself 4.

Les éléments les plus caractéristiques du corps du trépan 2 sont les parois hélicoïdales de cylindre 5 et 6, d'axes respectivement parallèles à l'axe 11 du trépan, mais excentrés par rapport à cet axe 11. Les portions de tubes formant lesdites parois hélicoïdales seront appelées par la suite ailettes excentrées.The most characteristic elements of the drill bit body 2 are the helical cylinder walls 5 and 6, with axes respectively parallel to the axis 11 of the drill bit, but eccentric with respect to this axis 11. The tube portions forming said helical walls will be called thereafter eccentric fins.

Elles sont disposées de manière à ce que lorsque l'on fait tourner le trépan dans un sens de rotation correspondant à un forage, et par exemple dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre tel que cela est schématisé par la flèche en figure 3, et que l'on exerce en même temps sur le trépan un effort dirigé verticalement vers le bas, les ailettes excentrées 5 et 6 repoussent par leur face extérieure la terre vers l'extérieur, compriment le sol latéralement vers l'extérieur, et dorment au niveau de leur face interne des espaces creux 9 dans lesquels la pression est pratiquement nulle. Ces espaces sont schématisés en figures 2 et 3. Dans la figure 2, ils sont délimités par la face interne des ailettes excentrées 5 et 6, et par un trait mixte qui correspond aux zones couvertes par les deux ailettes excentrées 5 et 6 lors de la rotation du trépan.They are arranged so that when the drill bit is rotated in a direction of rotation corresponding to a borehole, and for example in a clockwise direction as shown by the arrow in FIG. 3, and that a force directed vertically downwards is exerted on the drill bit at the same time, the eccentric fins 5 and 6 push the earth outwards on their outside, compress the ground laterally outwards and sleep at level of their internal face of the hollow spaces 9 in which the pressure is practically zero. These spaces are shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 2 and 3. In FIG. 2, they are delimited by the internal face of the eccentric fins 5 and 6, and by a dashed line which corresponds to the areas covered by the two eccentric fins 5 and 6 during the drill bit rotation.

Les ailettes excentrées 5 et 6 sont par ailleurs hélicoïdales. Le pas de l'hélice qu'elles constituent est orienté de manière è ce qu'une rotation du trépan pour un forage corresponde à un « vissage » des ailettes excentrées en profondeur dans le sol.The eccentric fins 5 and 6 are also helical. The pitch of the propeller which they constitute is oriented so that a rotation of the drill bit for drilling corresponds to a "screwing" of the eccentric fins deep in the ground.

A la face inférieure du trépan, correspondant à la zone 10, c'est-à-dire la zone qui n'est couverte par aucune des ailettes excentrées 5 et 6 lors de leur déplacement en rotation, il y a simple contact entre celui-ci et le sol. Ce contact s'établit au niveau d'une surface du trépan correspondant sensiblement au diamètre de la plaque de fermeture 3, qui présente un diamètre égal ou inférieur au diamètre des parois hélicoïdales, diminué de la distance séparant leurs axes.On the underside of the drill bit, corresponding to zone 10, that is to say the zone which is not covered by any of the eccentric fins 5 and 6 during their displacement in rotation, there is simple contact between it this and the ground. This contact is established at a surface of the drill bit corresponding substantially to the diameter of the closure plate 3, which has a diameter equal to or less than the diameter of the helical walls, reduced by the distance separating their axes.

Lors d'un travail de forage du trépan, il subsiste au niveau de la zone 10 un noyau central qui est entouré latéralement par des espaces creux, correspondant aux zones 9, c'est-à-dire à la terre repoussée et comprimée par les ailettes excentrées 5 et 6.During a drill bit drilling, there remains at zone 10 a central core which is laterally surrounded by hollow spaces, corresponding to zones 9, that is to say to the earth repelled and compressed by the eccentric fins 5 and 6.

Une faible pression exercée vers le bas fera par conséquent tomber ce noyau central, et ainsi le trépan creusera sans difficulté. Comme la terre qui tombe derrière l'ailette 5 est à nouveau pressée vers l'extérieur par l'ailette 6, et que la terre qui tombe derrière l'ailette est en retour chassée par l'ailette 5, le trépan pénètre de plus en plus profondément dans le sol. La seule condition qui doive être remplie pour que le forage se poursuive plus profondément dans le sol est que le couple du tube de forage soit suffisamment grand pour permettre aux ailettes excentrées 5 et 6 de comprimer le sol vers l'extérieur. La résistance du trépan à la rotation est donc également une mesure de la solidité du sol à la profondeur où se trouve le trépan.A slight downward pressure will therefore drop this central core, and thus the drill bit will dig without difficulty. As the earth which falls behind the fin 5 is again pressed towards the outside by the fin 6, and the earth which falls behind the fin is in return driven by the fin 5, the drill bit penetrates more and more deeper into the ground. The only condition that must be fulfilled for drilling to continue deeper in the ground is that the torque of the drill pipe is large enough to allow the eccentric fins 5 and 6 to compress the soil outwards. The resistance of the drill bit to rotation is therefore also a measure of the solidity of the soil at the depth where the drill bit is located.

Dans le cas où le trépan doit être extrait du sol après le forage, il comprend également d'autres ailettes excentriques 7 et 8 disposées au-dessus des ailettes 5 et 6. De préférence, une zone cylindrique de révolution 12 est intercalée entre les ailettes 5 et 6 et les ailettes 7 et 8.In the case where the drill bit must be extracted from the ground after drilling, it also comprises other eccentric fins 7 and 8 arranged above the fins 5 and 6. Preferably, a cylindrical zone of revolution 12 is interposed between the fins 5 and 6 and fins 7 and 8.

Les ailettes 7 et 8 sont également hélicoïdales, et le pas et l'orientation des portions d'hélice qu'ils constituent sont sensiblement identiques à ceux des ailettes 5 et 6.The fins 7 and 8 are also helical, and the pitch and the orientation of the propeller portions which they constitute are substantially identical to those of the fins 5 and 6.

Par ailleurs, les ailettes 7 et 8 présentent un axe parallèle à l'axe 11, excentré par rapport à celui-ci. L'excentrement a sensiblement une même valeur que l'excentrement des ailettes 5 et 6, mais une orientation inverse. Les ailettes 7 et 8 repoussent donc l'intervalle extérieur, la compriment latéralement vers l'extérieur pour un mouvement de rotation schématisé par la flèche en figure 4, correspondant à une extraction du trépan.Furthermore, the fins 7 and 8 have an axis parallel to the axis 11, eccentric with respect thereto. The eccentricity has substantially the same value as the eccentricity of the fins 5 and 6, but an opposite orientation. The fins 7 and 8 therefore push the outer gap, compressing it laterally outward for a rotational movement shown diagrammatically by the arrow in FIG. 4, corresponding to an extraction of the drill bit.

Par ailleurs, de préférence, des rebords hélicoïdaux 13 sont disposés à la périphérie extérieure des ailettes 5 et 6, du cylindre intermédiaire 12, et des ailettes 7 et 8. Ces rebords renforcent les différents éléments auxquels ils sont solidarisés et également améliorent la prise du trépan dans le sol à la périphérie du trou de forage.Furthermore, preferably, helical flanges 13 are arranged at the outer periphery of the fins 5 and 6, of the intermediate cylinder 12, and of the fins 7 and 8. These flanges reinforce the various elements to which they are secured and also improve the grip of the drill bit in the ground at the periphery of the drill hole.

Les ailettes excentrées 5 à 8 sont de préférence des portions de cylindre de révolution. Ceci permet de réaliser une fabrication simple, à la portée de l'Homme de l'Art, et par exemple par mécano- soudure. Le coût de revient du trépan est donc très faible.The eccentric fins 5 to 8 are preferably portions of cylinder of revolution. This allows for simple manufacturing, within the reach of ordinary skill in the art, and for example by mechanical welding. The cost price of the drill bit is therefore very low.

La figure 5 illustre en coupe un trépan selon une variante de l'invention. Ce trépan comprend un tube central 14, et un corps de trépan 15. Le corps de trépan 15 est destiné à être abandonné au fond du forage, et à servir d'embase au pilier de béton qui sera ensuite coulé dans le forage. Il présente donc une structure simplifiée par rapport au trépan décrit dans les figures 1 à 4.Figure 5 illustrates in section a drill bit according to a variant of the invention. This drill bit comprises a central tube 14, and a drill bit body 15. The drill bit body 15 is intended to be left at the bottom of the borehole, and to serve as a base for the concrete pillar which will then be poured into the borehole. It therefore has a simplified structure compared to the drill bit described in FIGS. 1 to 4.

Les moyens d'accouplement entre le tube central 14 et le corps de trépan 15 sont de tout type approprié, et ont été schématisés en 16. Une plaque 17, solidaire du corps de trépan 15 obture la zone intérieure définie par le tube central 14, lorsque la tête et tube sont accouplés.The coupling means between the central tube 14 and the drill bit body 15 are of any suitable type, and have been shown diagrammatically at 16. A plate 17, integral with the drill bit body 15 closes off the interior zone defined by the central tube 14, when the head and tube are coupled.

En dessous de la plaque 17 sont situées des ailettes excentrées 18 et 19, sensiblement identiques aux ailettes 5 et 6. Dans la figure 5, seules les parties des ailettes 18 et 19 situées en arrière du plan de coupe sont visibles.Below the plate 17 are located eccentric fins 18 and 19, substantially identical to the fins 5 and 6. In FIG. 5, only the parts of the fins 18 and 19 situated behind the cutting plane are visible.

De préférence, un boulon d'ancrage 20 d'un type connu est solidarisé à la plaque 17 et remonte à l'intérieur du tube 14. Ce boulon est destiné à réaliser l'ancrage du corps de trépan 15 dans le béton qui sera coulé ensuite dans le forage.Preferably, an anchor bolt 20 of a known type is secured to the plate 17 and goes up inside the tube 14. This bolt is intended to anchor the drill bit body 15 in the concrete which will be poured then in the drilling.

Par ailleurs, des rebords hélicoïdaux 21 semblables aux rebords 13 sont disposés à la périphérie extérieure du corps de trépan 15.Furthermore, helical flanges 21 similar to the flanges 13 are arranged at the outer periphery of the drill bit body 15.

La figure 6 schématise les opérations de forage avec le trépan selon la présente invention. Tei que cela est connu, le tube central de forage 22 est prolongé par un réservoir à béton 23. Le tube de forage est mis en rotation circulaire, et est maintenu vertical par une machine 24 qui est placée sur le terrain et peut y rouler. La machine est munie d'un moteur 25 ayant une puissance suffisante et une forte réduction, de telle sorte que le tube de forage peut tourner lentement mais avec un couple très important.Figure 6 shows schematically the drilling operations with the drill bit according to the present invention. As is known, the central drilling tube 22 is extended by a concrete tank 23. The drilling tube is put in circular rotation, and is kept vertical by a machine 24 which is placed on the ground and can roll there. The machine is provided with a motor 25 having sufficient power and a strong reduction, so that the drill pipe can turn slowly but with a very high torque.

Hormis l'effet de réaction du sol sur la partie hélicoïdale 26 du trépan, la pression verticale sur le trépan est également obtenue par le fait que le poids de la machine est partiellement transmis au tube central de forage 22 par des vérins hydrauliques 27 et par un palier de pression 28.Apart from the reaction effect of the soil on the helical part 26 of the drill bit, the vertical pressure on the drill bit is also obtained by the fact that the weight of the machine is partially transmitted to the central drilling tube 22 by hydraulic cylinders 27 and by a pressure level 28.

Comme dans le cas d'un trépan traditionnel, le forage est arrêté lorsque le trépan a atteint une profondeur suffisante dans le sol. Le tube central de forage 22 et le réservoir à béton 23 qui se trouve au-dessus de lui sont alors remplis d'une quantité suffisante de béton à l'état plastique. Après cela, les vérins exercent sur le tube du trépan un effort dirigé vers le haut.As in the case of a traditional drill bit, drilling is stopped when the drill bit has reached a sufficient depth in the ground. The central drilling tube 22 and the concrete tank 23 which is located above it are then filled with a sufficient quantity of concrete in the plastic state. After that, the jacks exert an upward force on the drill bit tube.

Dans le cas où le trépan est destiné à être récupéré, c'est-à-dire dans le cas d'un trépan correspondant aux figures 1 à 4, le tube central de forage est entraîné en rotation correspondant à une extraction, tel que cela est indiqué dans la vue en coupe de la figure 4. De ce fait, le trépan retourne vers le haut, la plaque de fermeture 3 est larguée au fond du forage, reste en arrière et le béton s'écoule par l'ouverture ainsi créée au-dessous du trépan. Le béton remplit sous pression le trou que le trépan a formé dans le sol. A mesure que le trépan remonte, un pilier de béton est formé dans le sol.In the case where the drill bit is intended to be recovered, that is to say in the case of a drill bit corresponding to FIGS. 1 to 4, the central drilling tube is rotated corresponding to an extraction, such as that is indicated in the sectional view of Figure 4. Therefore, the drill bit returns upwards, the closure plate 3 is released at the bottom of the borehole, remains behind and the concrete flows through the opening thus created below the drill bit. Concrete fills the hole that the drill bit has made in the ground under pressure. As the drill bit rises, a concrete pillar is formed in the ground.

Dans le cas où le corps du trépan est abandonné dans le sol, c'est-à-dire dans le cas correspondant au trépan de la figure 5, le corps du trépan est désacouplé du tube central de forage, et un simple effort dirigé vers le haut suffit pour faire remonter ce dernier, au fur et à mesure de l'injection du béton.In the case where the drill bit body is abandoned in the ground, that is to say in the case corresponding to the drill bit in FIG. 5, the drill bit body is uncoupled from the central drilling tube, and a simple effort directed towards the top is enough to raise the latter, as the concrete is injected.

Naturellement, d'autres mises en ceuvre de la présente invention pourraient être adoptés. --En particulier,-les dessins représentent deux ailettes excentrées sur une circonférence. Il est possible, et il est parfois avantageux d'en prévoir trois ou davantage. Au lieu de prévoir des ailettes excentrées de la valeur d'un demi-cercle, il est également possible de prévoir des ailettes qui couvrent des arcs de cercle de 150 degrés, 120 degrés ou 90 degrés, ou tout autre. valeur appropriée.Of course, other implementations of the present invention could be adopted. --In particular, the drawings represent two eccentric fins on a circumference. It is possible, and it is sometimes advantageous to plan three or more more. Instead of providing eccentric fins of the value of a semicircle, it is also possible to provide fins which cover arcs of a circle of 150 degrees, 120 degrees or 90 degrees, or any other. appropriate value.

Par ailleurs d'une manière évidente, les forages réalisés au moyen des trépans selon la présente invention peuvent être verticaux, légèrement inclinés, obliques et même horizontaux, lorsque les forages qu'ils réalisent sont destinés à des pieux tirants. Dans ce dernier cas, une pompe à béton est nécessaire pour le remplissage du forage.Furthermore, in an obvious manner, the boreholes produced by means of the drill bits according to the present invention can be vertical, slightly inclined, oblique and even horizontal, when the boreholes they carry out are intended for drawing piles. In the latter case, a concrete pump is required to fill the borehole.

Un avantage complémentaire que présentent les trépans selon la présente invention réside en ce qu'ils peuvent être formés par soudage de pièces de forme simple en acier très dur. Les ailettes qui sont les éléments les plus exposés à l'usure, peuvent par conséquent aussi être remplacées de façon régulière sans difficulté ou sans frais importants.An additional advantage of the drill bits according to the present invention is that they can be formed by welding of simple shape parts of very hard steel. The fins which are the most exposed to wear, can therefore also be replaced regularly without difficulty or at significant cost.

Claims (9)

1. A boring bit for forming boreholes, acting by lateral pressure on the ground, comprising a boring bit body (2, 15) and a central coupling tube (1, 14) closed at its end which is rotated and possibly subjected to a force along its axis, characterized by the fact that the head has at its end two helical cylinder walls (5, 6), extending from the central coupling tube, and whose axis is parallel to the axis (11) of the boring bit, facing each other, but offcentered with respect to each other and with respect to the axis (11) on the boring bit, disposed, taking into account the direction of rotation of the boring bit for forming a drill hole, so as to push the earth outwardly and so as to compress it laterally outwardly by their external face, because of the offcentering thereof, the orientation of the helical portion which they form respectively being that which corresponds to driving the boring bit into the ground for said rotation.
2. The boring bit as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the fact that a substantially flat closure plate (3) closes off the central coupling tube in a zone which is not covered by the rotation of the tube helical cylinder walls (5, 6).
3. The boring bit as claimed in claim 2, characterized by the fact that the closure plate (3) is removable and is released at the bottom of the borehole.
4. The boring bit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it comprises above the helical cylinder walls (5, 6) of its head, two other helical cylinder walls (7, 8), extending from the central coupling tube, and having an axis parallel to the axis (11) of the boring bit, with the same helical orientation as the first ones, but offcentered in a reverse direction, which push the earth outwardly and compress it laterally by their outer face, because of the offcentering thereof, during rotation of the boring bit corresponding to extraction thereof.
5. The boring bit as claimed in claim 4, characterized by the fact that a cylinder of revolution (12) having the same axis as the boring bit, is inserted between the two assemblies of helical cylinder walls (5, 6 and 7, 8).
6. The boring bit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the helical walls (5 to 8) are cylindrical in revolution.
7. The boring bit as claimed in claim 6, characterized by the fact that the helical cylinder walls (5 to 8) form respectively an angle at the center of 180 degrees.
8. The boring bit as claimed in claims 2, 3, 6, characterized by the fact that the closure plate is circular and has a diameter equal to or less than the diameter of the helical walls (5, 6) reduced by the distance separating the axes thereof.
9. The boring bit claimed in claim 1, comprising removable means (16) for coupling the body (15) of the boring bit to the central coupling tube (14), characterized by the fact that the helical cylinder walls (18, 19) are firmly secured to a closure plate (17) which closes off the central coupling tube (14) when the head of the boring bit is coupled to this tube.
EP81440005A 1980-02-07 1981-02-05 Earth-compression drill bit with plane closing disc Expired EP0034106B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81440005T ATE4133T1 (en) 1980-02-07 1981-02-05 SOIL COMPACTION DRILL HEAD WITH FLAT END PLATE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE0/199306A BE881598A (en) 1980-02-07 1980-02-07 DISTANCE DRILL WITH FLAT STOP PLATE
BE199306 1980-02-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0034106A1 EP0034106A1 (en) 1981-08-19
EP0034106B1 true EP0034106B1 (en) 1983-07-13

Family

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EP81440005A Expired EP0034106B1 (en) 1980-02-07 1981-02-05 Earth-compression drill bit with plane closing disc

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EP (1) EP0034106B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE4133T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3160575D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2475617A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3461663D1 (en) * 1983-07-07 1987-01-22 Atlas Palen Nv Method for casting piles by means of a drive-out screw
DE8908131U1 (en) * 1989-07-04 1990-10-31 Delmag Maschinenfabrik Reinhold Dornfeld GmbH & Co, 7300 Esslingen Head for an earth drill
DE4220976C1 (en) * 1992-06-26 1993-07-15 Delmag Maschinenfabrik Reinhold Dornfeld Gmbh & Co, 7300 Esslingen, De
BE1007558A5 (en) * 1993-10-28 1995-08-01 Hareninvest Ground displacement chuck for forming of posts in the ground.
FR2831206B1 (en) * 2001-10-24 2004-01-30 Cie Du Sol DRILLING AND DELIVERY TOOL
CN104389525B (en) * 2014-09-29 2017-02-01 新河县华构桩工机械厂 Liftable working platform at front end of pile frame and operation method thereof

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE672746A (en) *
US2229912A (en) * 1941-01-28 Method and apparatus for displacing
FR1202851A (en) * 1957-01-08 1960-01-14 Rotary auger
FR1322130A (en) * 1961-02-28 1963-03-29 Method and apparatus for forming a concrete pile in the ground by drilling
FR2040519A5 (en) * 1969-04-10 1971-01-22 Atlas France
FR2215075A6 (en) * 1973-01-19 1974-08-19 Atlas France

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3926267A (en) * 1974-07-31 1975-12-16 Valentin Konstant Svirschevsky Device for driving holes in the ground

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE672746A (en) *
US2229912A (en) * 1941-01-28 Method and apparatus for displacing
FR1202851A (en) * 1957-01-08 1960-01-14 Rotary auger
FR1322130A (en) * 1961-02-28 1963-03-29 Method and apparatus for forming a concrete pile in the ground by drilling
FR2040519A5 (en) * 1969-04-10 1971-01-22 Atlas France
FR2215075A6 (en) * 1973-01-19 1974-08-19 Atlas France

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2475617A1 (en) 1981-08-14
ATE4133T1 (en) 1983-07-15
FR2475617B1 (en) 1984-01-06
DE3160575D1 (en) 1983-08-18
EP0034106A1 (en) 1981-08-19

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