EP0029354A1 - Verankern von Firstkappen - Google Patents

Verankern von Firstkappen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0029354A1
EP0029354A1 EP80304087A EP80304087A EP0029354A1 EP 0029354 A1 EP0029354 A1 EP 0029354A1 EP 80304087 A EP80304087 A EP 80304087A EP 80304087 A EP80304087 A EP 80304087A EP 0029354 A1 EP0029354 A1 EP 0029354A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hole
sections
segments
rock
reamed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP80304087A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Francois Coenraad Groenewald
Leslie Henry Lategan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0029354A1 publication Critical patent/EP0029354A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts

Definitions

  • Roof bolt is a term of the art and refers to any load support device which comprises a shank, which is usually called a “stud” or “bolt”, and an expandable head for the shank which is intended to be secured in a drill hole whether this be in the roof of a structure, a wall thereof or anywhere else.
  • Roof bolts are conventionally anchored in drill holes by means of the said expandable head, also known as an expansion shell, composed of a plurality of • segments which are urged radially outwardly by force applied to the stud sections of the bolt in a direction tending to extricate the stud from the hole.
  • the stud moves relative to the head causing a wedging action of the segments between the stud and the wall of the hole until the head and stud are firmly anchored.
  • Grout may be used to plug the hole and assist the anchorage and in some cases a tough polyester or other resin is used for this purpose.
  • the enlarged recess is obtained by a reaming process which gives rise to a progressively increasing hole diameter from a starting point inward from the mouth of the drill hole.
  • a normal constant diameter drill hole is formed which is then reamed from a starting point intermediate the mouth and the base of the drill hole to provide a conical enlargement in which the base or largest diameter is inward from the starting point of the enlarged recess.
  • a method of forming a hole which is to receive the expansion head of a roof bolt comprising the steps of drilling a hole in a rock body and thereafter reaming a section of the hole, characterised in that the reamed section is located inward from the mouth of the hole to provide a cavity (3) of larger diameter than the drilled section (2) of the hole and a shoulder (4) of rock at the junction between the reamed and drilled sections of the hole.
  • the cavity is reamed out at or towards the base of the drill hole.
  • the shoulder that is defined at the junction between the drilled and reamed sections of the hole is spaced from the mouth of the hole by a substantial body of rock.
  • roof bolts are employed primarily in the mining industry but could also be used in concrete structures in the civil engineering industry.
  • rock is therefore to be construed to include concrete or like hard masses.
  • the drill hole is reamed to provide a substantially constant diameter cavity.
  • the drill hole is reamed to provide a substantially conical shaped cavity, with the larger diameter thereof adjacent the drilled section of the hole.
  • the size of the shoulder formation is not critical and in practical embodiments its size varies according to the diameter of the hole.
  • the critical aspect of the shoulder is that it provides a positive lock for the segments of the expansion shell.
  • a reamer for the formation of a cavity in a hole drilled in a rock body comprising a reaming tool formed of at least two elongated sections which define a tapered socket between them, rock cutting and/or grinding means on the periphery of each section, rotatable ram means providing a wedge formation receivable in the socket to hold the tool captive on the ramrod which is operative to impart rotary movement to the sections, while forward sliding movement of the wedge within the socket acts to urge the sections radially apart, and spring means which biases the sections towards one another.
  • the ram means may be threaded or otherwise adapted to engage the end of a rockdrill stem so that by inserting the reamer into a predrilled hole and progressively expanding the reamer sections by means of the drill, a suitable cavity is ultimately reamed out to receive the expansion shell of a roof bolt.
  • the rockdrill may be percussive or merely rotatable.
  • the sections of the reamer and the wedge of the ramrod may co-operate to force the sections apart so that they remain parallel thereby forming a circular cylindrical shaped cavity.
  • the sections could be connected for example by hinging them together at their forward ends so that they spread under the action of the wedge on the ramrod to form a conical shaped cavity with its base adjacent the drilled section of the hole.
  • a shoulder of rock is formed which provides for the positive locking of the expansion shell of a roof bolt in the cavity.
  • the sections of a reaming tool incorporating parallel moving sections may be provided with inclined cutting or grinding means.
  • the ramrod is retracted. This allows the spring on the sections to pull them together so that the reamer can be withdrawn from the hole.
  • the ramrod is provided with a water duct through which water may be pumped to flush the cavity during the reaming process and especially to remove grit from between the sections. In some rock formations, particularly softer rock such as may be encountered in coal mines, axial water ducts may not be required.
  • the reamer may include a spacer member which spaces the tool from the base of the hole and which is rotatable relative to the reaming tool so that the reamed cavity is spaced from the base of the hole.
  • each section may have a leading and a trailing longitudinally extending blade mounted on the periphery thereof.
  • these blades may be parallel to the axis or inclined to ream at various angles.
  • the invention also includes within its scope an expansion shell for a roof bolt including a plurality of segments defining a bore between them for a bolt' member which is to be suspended from the segments so that it extends from the segments out.of the drill hole, characterised in a spring formation associated with the segments, the spring being adapted to spread the segments radially outwardly to engage the wall of a drill hole.
  • the spring comprises an annular plate with a plurality of legs depending therefrom so that the spring is conically shaped at rest, the plate being receivable over the bolt or stud member with the legs located between the segments and the bolt so as to urge the segments radially outwardly from the bolt.
  • the stud or bolt may take the form of a rigid rod or the like or it could be a steel rope or any other suitable elongated member. If desired the roof bolt assembly can be secured by a grout, resin or other settable plug material.
  • the drill jumper is then removed and in place of the drill bit a reamer, of a kind which will be described below with reference to Figures 4 and 5 is attached to the jumper.
  • the reamer is then inserted into the drilled hole 2 and by operation of the percussive rock drill machine the reamer acts to ream a cavity 3 which has a larger diameter than the drilled section of the hole and a shoulder of rock 4 is formed at the junction between the reamed section 3 and drilled section 2 of the hole.
  • the action of the reamer is to form a cavity or reamed section 3 of substantially constant diameter as illustrated in Figure 2.
  • a cavity 5 which is substantially conical, as illustrated in Figure 3.
  • the large diameter side of the cavity is disposed adjacent the drilled section 2 of the hole so that in this embodiment a shoulder of rock 6 is still formed even though the shoulder is not square.
  • chipping and breaking of the rock will occur during the reaming process and the smooth finish of the diagrammatic illustrations of Figures 1 to 3 is unlikely to be obtained.
  • the important aspect however is the attainment of a shoulder 4 or 6 against which the segments of an expansion shell can positively lock.
  • the reamer as illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 comprises a tool in the form of two substantially semicircular sections 11 and 12 each carrying a leading rock cutting blade 13 and a trailing blade 14 in suitable longitudinal slots in the sections.
  • the sections 11 and 12 are held together by spaced spring clips 15 and 16 which encircle the sections and are located in suitable peripheral grooves therein so that the spring clips are located beneath the cutting blades as shown in Figure 4, and the sections are each internally recessed to define a tapered socket 17 between them.
  • this socket 17 there is located the wedge shaped head 18 of a ramrod 19 having a threaded end 20 to engage the jumper or stem of a percussive drilling machine.
  • the sections 11 and 12 have stop formations 21 and 22 at their lower ends which engage the shoulder 23 of the wedge shaped head 18 of the ramrod so that the reaming tool is held captive on the ramrod 19.
  • the clips 15 and 16 hold the sections 11 and 12 firmly together so that the reamer can be inserted into a predrilled hole 1 until its forward end abuts against the blind end of the hole.
  • Operation of the percussion drilling machine effects rotation of the reaming tool and also applies a force to the ramrod which tends to slide the wedge 18 forwardly in the socket 17 and so urge the sections 11 and 12 radially apart.
  • the reaming tool thus progressively cuts deeper and deeper into the rock until a cavity as illustrated in Figure 2 has been formed.
  • sludge and rock chips are flushed from the hole by the action of water under high pressure passed along an axial duct 24 which duct also has lateral outlets 25.
  • the ramrod 19 is retracted so sliding the wedge head 18 backwardly in the socket 17 and allowing the clips 15 and 16 to bring the sections 11 and 12 together once more until the reaming tool can be withdrawn from the cavity 3 and hole 2.
  • the cutting tool of Figure 6 is similar to that of Figures 4 and 5 except that the sections 30 and 31 are hingedly connected at 26 so that a cavity as illustrated in Figure 3 is reamed out.
  • the cutting tool of Figure 7 also reams a conical cavity.
  • the tool sections 32, 33 are provided with blades 34 and 35 suitably inclined to provide the conical reaming effect.
  • a spacer member 36 is rotatably mounted in a dovetail cavity formed between the sections 32 and 33 so that the cavity reamed is spaced from the base of the drill hole 2. Although the sections 32 and 33 part during the reaming operation the spacer 36 remains trapped in its dovetail cavity.
  • a roof bolt to be anchored in the hole of Figure 2 or Figure 3 includes a stud 40 having a head 41.
  • the head may be of any suitable shape such as conical or cylindrical and may be fast with the stud in fact to form a bolt or it may screw onto a threaded stud as illustrated in Figure 9.
  • An expansion shell is mounted on the end of the stud 40 and comprises several segments 42, in this case three segments are provided, each of which is loosely attached to a leg 43 of a spring member 44.
  • the spring 44 has an annular plate 45 to which the legs 43 are attached and the plate 45 is located over the stud 40 and may be spot welded or otherwise attached to the head 41 of the stud.
  • a modified expansion shell has segments 42 which taper upwardly and a conical head 41 which tapers correspondingly downwardly so that the head 41 wedges between the segments 42 and actually forces them against the sides of the cavity 3.
  • the head 41 screws onto the threaded end of the stud 40 and incorporates longitudinally extending grooves in the periphery thereof to accommodate the legs 43 of the spring 44.
  • the stud 40 of the roof bolt will normally be tensioned and held in tension by a known means located at the mouth of the drill hole. This arrangement enhances the positive locking effect of • the expansion shell in the cavity 3.
  • the reamed section 3 of the hole is spaced from the end of the drilled section 2 which may be achieved by the use of a spacer such as the spacer 36 illustrated in Figure 7.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
EP80304087A 1979-11-19 1980-11-14 Verankern von Firstkappen Withdrawn EP0029354A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA796237 1979-11-19
ZA796237 1979-11-19
ZA796523 1979-11-30
ZA796523 1979-11-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0029354A1 true EP0029354A1 (de) 1981-05-27

Family

ID=27131811

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80304087A Withdrawn EP0029354A1 (de) 1979-11-19 1980-11-14 Verankern von Firstkappen

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0029354A1 (de)
AU (1) AU6420980A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009027543A2 (de) * 2008-11-28 2009-03-05 Desimir Kitic Verfahren zum erstellen eines bauwerkes und mauerwerk-verankerungssystem
JP2016070016A (ja) * 2014-10-01 2016-05-09 株式会社フジタ コンクリート壁の補強工法
CN106194225A (zh) * 2015-05-04 2016-12-07 河南理工大学 一种锚杆孔孔底倒楔形扩孔增强锚固性能方法
US9708809B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-07-18 Darren Bruce Bennett Anchor and method of using the same
CN112895161A (zh) * 2021-01-18 2021-06-04 邹华智 一种建筑工程专用打孔机

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1338345A (en) * 1915-05-21 1920-04-27 William W Wilson Underreamer
US1347469A (en) * 1919-03-11 1920-07-20 Toth Steven Well-boring tool
US1362513A (en) * 1920-04-19 1920-12-14 Charles P Skinner Underreamer
US1372917A (en) * 1919-08-25 1921-03-29 Swan Fred Underreamer
US1578482A (en) * 1924-10-20 1926-03-30 Swan Fred Spring rod for underreamers
US2771746A (en) * 1952-05-05 1956-11-27 Fischer August Anchor structure for mines, tunnels and the like
FR1327260A (fr) * 1962-04-06 1963-05-17 Dispositif d'ancrage, notamment pour la stabilisation des toits de mines
BE643734A (de) * 1963-02-13 1964-05-29
CH579207A5 (de) * 1973-06-20 1976-08-31 Stumpp & Kurz
DE2730026A1 (de) * 1976-07-06 1978-01-12 Macdonald Pneumatics Unterschneider
DE7805430U1 (de) * 1978-07-20 Millich, Adam, 7460 Balingen Kopfdübel
CH608565A5 (en) * 1975-12-09 1979-01-15 Battelle Memorial Institute Member for anchoring a fastening element in a compact material

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7805430U1 (de) * 1978-07-20 Millich, Adam, 7460 Balingen Kopfdübel
US1338345A (en) * 1915-05-21 1920-04-27 William W Wilson Underreamer
US1347469A (en) * 1919-03-11 1920-07-20 Toth Steven Well-boring tool
US1372917A (en) * 1919-08-25 1921-03-29 Swan Fred Underreamer
US1362513A (en) * 1920-04-19 1920-12-14 Charles P Skinner Underreamer
US1578482A (en) * 1924-10-20 1926-03-30 Swan Fred Spring rod for underreamers
US2771746A (en) * 1952-05-05 1956-11-27 Fischer August Anchor structure for mines, tunnels and the like
FR1327260A (fr) * 1962-04-06 1963-05-17 Dispositif d'ancrage, notamment pour la stabilisation des toits de mines
BE643734A (de) * 1963-02-13 1964-05-29
CH579207A5 (de) * 1973-06-20 1976-08-31 Stumpp & Kurz
CH608565A5 (en) * 1975-12-09 1979-01-15 Battelle Memorial Institute Member for anchoring a fastening element in a compact material
DE2730026A1 (de) * 1976-07-06 1978-01-12 Macdonald Pneumatics Unterschneider

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009027543A2 (de) * 2008-11-28 2009-03-05 Desimir Kitic Verfahren zum erstellen eines bauwerkes und mauerwerk-verankerungssystem
WO2009027543A3 (de) * 2008-11-28 2009-09-24 Desimir Kitic Verfahren zum erstellen eines bauwerkes und mauerwerk-verankerungssystem
AT511240B1 (de) * 2008-11-28 2016-03-15 Desimir Kitic Verfahren zum erstellen eines bauwerkes und mauerwerk-verankerungssystem
AT511240B8 (de) * 2008-11-28 2016-05-15 Desimir Kitic Verfahren zum erstellen eines bauwerkes und mauerwerk-verankerungssystem
US9708809B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2017-07-18 Darren Bruce Bennett Anchor and method of using the same
JP2016070016A (ja) * 2014-10-01 2016-05-09 株式会社フジタ コンクリート壁の補強工法
CN106194225A (zh) * 2015-05-04 2016-12-07 河南理工大学 一种锚杆孔孔底倒楔形扩孔增强锚固性能方法
CN112895161A (zh) * 2021-01-18 2021-06-04 邹华智 一种建筑工程专用打孔机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6420980A (en) 1981-05-28

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

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Effective date: 19820428

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: GROENEWALD, FRANCOIS COENRAAD

Inventor name: LATEGAN, LESLIE HENRY