EP0028996A1 - Centrifugal separators of the cyclonic type - Google Patents

Centrifugal separators of the cyclonic type Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0028996A1
EP0028996A1 EP80420122A EP80420122A EP0028996A1 EP 0028996 A1 EP0028996 A1 EP 0028996A1 EP 80420122 A EP80420122 A EP 80420122A EP 80420122 A EP80420122 A EP 80420122A EP 0028996 A1 EP0028996 A1 EP 0028996A1
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Prior art keywords
fluid
outlet
outlet device
blades
rotation
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EP80420122A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0028996B1 (en
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Pierre Georges Vicard
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Lab Societe A Responsabilite Francaise Ste
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Lab Societe A Responsabilite Francaise Ste
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/14—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by the additional use of mechanical effects, e.g. gravity
    • B03C3/15—Centrifugal forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C3/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex flow following a screw-thread type line remains unchanged ; Devices in which one of the two discharge ducts returns centrally through the vortex chamber, a reverse-flow vortex being prevented by bulkheads in the central discharge duct
    • B04C3/06—Construction of inlets or outlets to the vortex chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
    • B04C2009/001—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks with means for electrostatic separation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to centrifugal separators of the cyclone type intended to extract from a liquid or gaseous fluid the solid or liquid particles which it holds in suspension. It relates more particularly to the case of devices of the type in question with a substantially horizontal axis in which the fluid to be treated flows longitudinally by entering at one end to exit by the other.
  • These cyclones generally include an inlet vane suitable for putting the fluid in rapid rotation, an annular outlet for a separate product and a central outlet for purified fluid produced in the form of a simple axial tube of diameter slightly smaller than that of the body. of the device.
  • Cyclones thus established have the disadvantage of consuming a lot of energy and consequently requiring the presence of relatively high power pumps or fans.
  • the rotation carried out by the inlet vane is imperfect so that there is formed inside the apparatus of irregular vortices which often extend to the outlet thereby hampering the regular rotation of the fluid mass and lowering the efficiency of separation.
  • these irregularities in rotation cause significant wear of the walls and which becomes absolutely inadmissible as soon as one seeks to increase the tangential speed to increase the separating effect.
  • the invention aims to remedy the above drawbacks and to establish a cyclone of the kind in question which has a high separation efficiency and which requires relatively low power for its operation.
  • the invention also aims to increase this efficiency by combining the intense centrifugal field produced inside the cyclone with an electrostatic field maintained by an axial ionizing or polarizing electrode.
  • the apparatus according to the invention of the type comprising a cyclone in which the fluid to be treated rotates while moving axially, and which is provided, for the rotation of the fluid, with an inlet device constituted by vanes carried by a central core, is characterized in that these blades have in transverse profile (perpendicular to the radius) a conformation such that the spaces which separate them are in the form of trapezoids with non-parallel curved sides in order to ensure the irrotational regime at the same time time as a uniform longitudinal velocity component for all the annular layers of the fluid inside the cyclone body.
  • an axial electrode is provided to which the profiled body of the second stage is passed through rectifying means (this body being of course provided insulating) and it is engaged in another body insulator arranged along the axis of the means of rotation associated with the inlet of the cyclone, the supply of current to this electrode being effected by its end located downstream of the outlet of this cyclone.
  • the cyclone with horizontal axis shown in fig. 1 comprises as usual a cylindrical body 1 that the liquid or gaseous fluid to be treated passes longitudinally from end to end, namely from left to right in the drawing, as indicated by the arrows 2 and 3.
  • a device 4 for rotating this fluid around the geometric axis of the body 1 At the entrance is a device 4 for rotating this fluid around the geometric axis of the body 1, while at the outlet another device 5 straightens the flow by recovering the kinetic energy which corresponds to the tangential speed of rotation at l inside the body.
  • the input device 4 is established so that the fluid rotates in the body 1 according to the so-called irrotational regime according to which the tangential speed is inversely proportional to the radius, and also so that the longitudinal speed component of the various annular layers in rotation is the same.
  • the device 4 comprises in known manner a central core 6, suitably profiled and profiled blades 7 mounted on it. But these blades have a significant thickness so as to allow the intermediate spaces 8 which they define to be profiled.
  • said spaces must have a profile in the general shape of a trapezoid with non-parallel sides preferably curved so that their convexity is oriented towards the outside. relative to dawn -
  • the vanes 7 become thinner upstream and downstream so as to have a rounded edge at the front and a substantially sharp edge at the rear lively, in the manner known for example for aircraft wings. It will also be understood that, in order to put the fluid in rotation, said vanes are helical in the longitudinal direction.
  • the output device 5 comprises three successive stages 9, 10 and 11.
  • the upstream stage 9 is convergent.
  • the intermediate part 10 is equipped with a profiled central core 12 and profiled straightening vanes 13.
  • This intermediate stage can be cylindrical, but it is preferably provided slightly convergent.
  • the assembly 9-10-11 represents a Venturi in the neck of which the straightening vanes 13 would have been placed.
  • profiled like the inlet core 6, but of greater length can be extended upstream over a fraction of the length of stage 9 and backwards to the outlet of stage 11.
  • the cyclone shown also comprises an axial electrode 14 supported by the cores 6 and 12 provided with insulating material at least in their central part.
  • the upstream end of this electrode remains inside the core 6, but its downstream end on the contrary exceeds beyond the outlet of the stage 11 to be connected to the high voltage current supply generator.
  • the cyclone has a tangential peripheral outlet 15 of separate divided product.
  • This outlet which can be fitted a valve, a lock or other known device, not shown, is located immediately in front of the upstream stage 9 of the outlet device 5. It will also be noted that it is possible to arrange in the known way several cyclones in parallel inside the same box, in which case their outputs open directly into the space thereof.
  • the fluid When the device is operating, thanks to the input device 4, the fluid is immediately put into an irrotational regime on a regular basis and since the longitudinal speed components of all the layers are the same, its rotation continues regularly over the entire length of the body without any formation of vortices corresponding to energy losses.
  • the longitudinal speed component rises sharply at the same time as therefore the helical pitch traversed by the various threads increases to the same extent, which corresponds at the beginning of the transformation of tangential speed into longitudinal linear speed.
  • This transformation ends in stage 10 thanks to the presence of vanes 13 which straighten the flow without significant loss of energy.
  • the divergent 11 performs the recovery of kinetic energy, that is to say the transformation of dynamic pressure into static pressure.
  • the fluid is found at the outlet at a static pressure very little lower than that of the inlet.
  • the supply of current to the axial electrode 14 can be effected by the downstream end of the latter, that is to say in an area where the fluid is already purified and where consequently the particles which it contained in suspension at the origin can not cause neither leaks of current by way, nor the initiation of short-circuits.
  • the upstream tip of the central core 12 of the output device 5 can be located more or less in front, or even back, of the converging stage 9, the straightening vanes 13 themselves being able to extend more or less on the upstream part of this core, possibly up to the tip of the latter.
  • the invention relates not only to cyclones of the above-mentioned type, but also to the process which it implements. In addition, when it comes to particles here, they can be both liquid and solid (for example gases loaded with fine liquid droplets).

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Abstract

Le fluide liquide ou gazeux à épurer traverse l'aubage d'entrée (8) profilé de manière à le faire tourner rapidement suivant le régime irrotationnel avec composante longitudinale uniforme, autour de l'électrode haute tension (14). Le dispositif de sortie (5) comprend d'abord un couvergent (9) qui transforme en partie l'énergie de rotation en énergie de translation longitudinale, puis un aubage (13) qui achève la transformation, et enfin un divergent (11) dans lequel l'excès de pression dynamique d'écoulement se transforme en pression statique afin d'achever de récupérer au maximum l'énergie appliquée au fluide en amont de l'entrée (4) du dispositif cyclone. Les particules séparées sortant tangentiellement en (15). Epuration des fluides.The liquid or gaseous fluid to be purified passes through the profiled inlet vane (8) so as to make it rotate rapidly according to the irrotational regime with uniform longitudinal component, around the high-voltage electrode (14). The outlet device (5) first comprises a cover (9) which partly transforms the rotational energy into longitudinal translation energy, then a blade (13) which completes the transformation, and finally a divergent (11) in which the excess dynamic flow pressure is transformed into static pressure in order to complete recovering as much as possible the energy applied to the fluid upstream of the inlet (4) of the cyclone device. The separated particles leaving tangentially at (15). Purification of fluids.

Description

La présente invention se réfère aux séparateurs centrifuges du genre cyclone destinés à extraire d'un fluide liquide ou gazeux les particules solides ou liquides qu'il tient en suspension. Elle vise plus particulièrement le cas des appareils du genre en question à axe substantiellement horizontal dans lesquels le fluide à traiter s'écoule longitudinalement en entrant par une extrémité pour sortir par l'autre. Ces cyclones comprennent en général un aubage d'entrée propre à mettre le fluide en rotation rapide, une sortie annulaire de produit séparé et une sortie centrale de fluide épuré réalisée sous la forme d'une simple tubulure axiale de diamètre légèrement inférieur à celui du corps de l'appareil.The present invention relates to centrifugal separators of the cyclone type intended to extract from a liquid or gaseous fluid the solid or liquid particles which it holds in suspension. It relates more particularly to the case of devices of the type in question with a substantially horizontal axis in which the fluid to be treated flows longitudinally by entering at one end to exit by the other. These cyclones generally include an inlet vane suitable for putting the fluid in rapid rotation, an annular outlet for a separate product and a central outlet for purified fluid produced in the form of a simple axial tube of diameter slightly smaller than that of the body. of the device.

Les cyclones ainsi établis ont l'inconvénient de consommer beaucoup d'énergie et d'exiger par conséquent la présence de pompes ou ventilateurs de puissance relativement élevée. Tout d'abord pour mettre le fluide en rotation rapide, il faut lui impartir l'énergie cinétique correspondante, ce qui implique une pression statique et/ou dynamique importante en amont de l'aubage d'entrée. Cette énergie est pratiquement perdue dans la canalisation de sortie à l'intérieur de laquelle le fluide tourbillonne jusqu'à ce que son mouvement de rotation disparaisse sous l'effet des frottements et analogues. Enfin la mise en rotation réalisée par l'aubage d'entrée est imparfaite de sorte qu'il se forme à l'intérieur de l'appareil des tourbillons irréguliers qui se prolongent souvent jusqu'à la sortie en gênant ainsi la rotation régulière de la masse du fluide et en abaissant l'efficacité de la séparation. En outre ces irrégulatités de rotation provoquent une usure importante des parois et qui devient absolument inadmissible dès qu'on cherche à augmenter la vitesse tangentielle pour accroître l'effet séparateur.Cyclones thus established have the disadvantage of consuming a lot of energy and consequently requiring the presence of relatively high power pumps or fans. First of all, to put the fluid in rapid rotation, it is necessary to impart to it the corresponding kinetic energy, which implies a significant static and / or dynamic pressure upstream of the inlet vane. This energy is practically lost in the outlet pipe inside which the fluid swirls until its rotational movement disappears under the effect of friction and the like. Finally, the rotation carried out by the inlet vane is imperfect so that there is formed inside the apparatus of irregular vortices which often extend to the outlet thereby hampering the regular rotation of the fluid mass and lowering the efficiency of separation. In addition, these irregularities in rotation cause significant wear of the walls and which becomes absolutely inadmissible as soon as one seeks to increase the tangential speed to increase the separating effect.

L'invention vise à remédier aux inconvénients qui précèdent et à permettre d'établir un cyclone du genre en question qui comporte une grande efficacité de séparation et qui n'exige pour son fonctionnement qu'une puissance relativement réduite.The invention aims to remedy the above drawbacks and to establish a cyclone of the kind in question which has a high separation efficiency and which requires relatively low power for its operation.

L'invention vise encore à augmenter cette efficacité par la combinaison du champ centrifuge intense réalisé à l'intérieur du cyclone avec un champ électrostatique entretenu par une électrode axiale ionisante ou polarisante.The invention also aims to increase this efficiency by combining the intense centrifugal field produced inside the cyclone with an electrostatic field maintained by an axial ionizing or polarizing electrode.

L'appareil suivant l'invention, du genre comportant un cyclone dans lequel le fluide à traiter tourne en se déplaçant axialement, et qui est pourvu, pour la mise en rotation du fluide, d'un dispositif d'entrée constitué par des aubes portées par un noyau central, est caractérisé en ce que ces aubes ont en profil transversal (perpendiculaire au rayon) une conformation telle que les espaces qui les séparent soient en forme de trapèzes à côtés non parallèles incurvés en vue d'assurer le régime irrotationnel en même temps qu'une composante de vitesse longitudinale uniforme pour toutes les couches annulaires du fluide à l'intérieur du corps du cyclone.The apparatus according to the invention, of the type comprising a cyclone in which the fluid to be treated rotates while moving axially, and which is provided, for the rotation of the fluid, with an inlet device constituted by vanes carried by a central core, is characterized in that these blades have in transverse profile (perpendicular to the radius) a conformation such that the spaces which separate them are in the form of trapezoids with non-parallel curved sides in order to ensure the irrotational regime at the same time time as a uniform longitudinal velocity component for all the annular layers of the fluid inside the cyclone body.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention les moyens redresseurs prévus à la sortie du cyclone comprennent en succession :

  • -un étage convergent qui augmente dans une mesure importante la vitesse longitudinale des diverses couches annulaires du fluide en réalisant déjà une transformation partielle de la vitesse tangentielle en une vitesse longitudinale ;
  • - un étage de transformation complète de la vitesse tangentielle en vitesse longitudinale uniforme par le moyen d'aubes entourant un corps profilé, ce second étage pouvant être à section constante ou préférablement décroissante (effet convergent) ;
  • - un étage divergent à faible angle de cône propre à transformer la pression dynamique élevée du fluide qui sort de l'étage précédent, en pression statique correspondant à la récupération de l'énergie de rotation de ce fluide à l'intérieur de l'appareil.
According to another characteristic of the invention, the rectifier means provided at the outlet of the cyclone successively comprise:
  • a convergent stage which increases to a considerable extent the longitudinal speed of the various annular layers of the fluid while already carrying out a partial transformation of the tangential speed into a longitudinal speed;
  • a stage of complete transformation of the tangential speed into a uniform longitudinal speed by means of vanes surrounding a profiled body, this second stage possibly being of constant section or preferably decreasing (convergent effect);
  • - a divergent stage with a small cone angle capable of transforming the high dynamic pressure of the fluid leaving the preceding stage, into static pressure corresponding to the recovery of the energy of rotation of this fluid inside the device .

D'autre part, conformément à l'invention, l'on prévoit une électrode axiale à laquelle on fait traverser le corps profilé du second étaqe des moyens redresseurs (ce corps étant bien entendu prévu isolant) et on l'engage dans un autre corps isolant disposé suivant l'axe des moyens de mise en rotation associés à l'entrée du cyclone, l'amenée du courant à cette électrode s'effectuant par son extrémité située en aval de la sortie de ce cyclone.On the other hand, in accordance with the invention, an axial electrode is provided to which the profiled body of the second stage is passed through rectifying means (this body being of course provided insulating) and it is engaged in another body insulator arranged along the axis of the means of rotation associated with the inlet of the cyclone, the supply of current to this electrode being effected by its end located downstream of the outlet of this cyclone.

Le dessin annexé, donné à titre d'exemple, permettra de mieux comprendre l'invention, les caractéristiques qu'elle présente et les avantages qu'elle est susceptible de procurer :

  • Fig. 1 est une coupe longitudinale schématique générale d'un cyclone suivant l'invention.
  • Fig. 2 en est une coupe transversale à grande échelle suivant II-II (fig. 1).
The appended drawing, given by way of example, will allow a better understanding of the invention, the characteristics which it presents and the advantages which it is capable of providing:
  • Fig. 1 is a general schematic longitudinal section of a cyclone according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a large-scale cross section along II-II (fig. 1).

Le cyclone à axe horizontal représenté en fig. 1 comprend comme à l'ordinaire un corps cylindrique 1 que le fluide liquide ou gazeux à traiter traverse longitudinalement de bout en bout, savoir de gauche à droite sur le dessin, comme indiqué par les flèches 2 et 3. A l'entrée se trouve un dispositif 4 de mise en rotation de ce fluide autour de l'axe géométrique du corps 1, tandis qu'à la sortie un autre dispositif 5 redresse l'écoulement en récupérant l'énergie cinétique qui correspond à la vitesse tangentielle de rotation à l'intérieur du corps.The cyclone with horizontal axis shown in fig. 1 comprises as usual a cylindrical body 1 that the liquid or gaseous fluid to be treated passes longitudinally from end to end, namely from left to right in the drawing, as indicated by the arrows 2 and 3. At the entrance is a device 4 for rotating this fluid around the geometric axis of the body 1, while at the outlet another device 5 straightens the flow by recovering the kinetic energy which corresponds to the tangential speed of rotation at l inside the body.

Conformément à l'invention le dispositif d'entrée 4 est établi afin que le fluide tourne dans le corps 1 suivant le régime dit irrotationnel d'après lequel la vitesse tangentielle est inversement proportionnelle au rayon, et afin également que la composante de vitesse longitudinale des diverses couches annulaires en rotation soit la même. Dans la forme de réalisation représentée (voir fig. 2) le dispositif 4 comprend à la façon connue un noyau central 6, convenablement profilé et des aubes profilées 7 montées sur lui. Mais ces aubes ont une épaisseur notable de manière à permettre de profiler les espaces intermédiaires 8 qu'elles définissent. En effet pour réaliser le régime irrotationnel avec composante de vitesse longitudinale substantiellement uniforme sur toute la section il faut que lesdits espaces aient un profil en forme générale de trapèze à côtés non parallèles préférablement incurvés de façon à ce que leur convexité soit orientée vers l'extérieur par rapport à l'aube - Bien entendu pour éviter la formation de tourbillons, les aubes 7 s'amincissent vers l'amont et vers l'aval de manière à comporter à l'avant un bord arrondi et à l'arrière une arête substantiellement vive, à la façon connue par exemple pour les ailes d'avions. On comprend encore que pour mettre le fluide en rotation lesdites aubes sont hélicoïdales dans le sens longitudinal.According to the invention the input device 4 is established so that the fluid rotates in the body 1 according to the so-called irrotational regime according to which the tangential speed is inversely proportional to the radius, and also so that the longitudinal speed component of the various annular layers in rotation is the same. In the embodiment shown (see fig. 2) the device 4 comprises in known manner a central core 6, suitably profiled and profiled blades 7 mounted on it. But these blades have a significant thickness so as to allow the intermediate spaces 8 which they define to be profiled. Indeed, to achieve the irrotational regime with a substantially uniform longitudinal speed component over the entire section, said spaces must have a profile in the general shape of a trapezoid with non-parallel sides preferably curved so that their convexity is oriented towards the outside. relative to dawn - Of course to avoid the formation of vortices, the vanes 7 become thinner upstream and downstream so as to have a rounded edge at the front and a substantially sharp edge at the rear lively, in the manner known for example for aircraft wings. It will also be understood that, in order to put the fluid in rotation, said vanes are helical in the longitudinal direction.

Le dispositif de sortie 5 comprend trois étages successifs 9, 10 et 11. L'étage amont 9 est convergent. La partie intermédiaire 10 est équipée d'un noyau central profilé 12 et d'aubes redresseuses profilées 13. Cet étage intermédiaire peut être cylindrique, mais on le prévoit de préférence légèrement convergent. Quant à l'étage aval 11 c'est un divergent à faible angle de cône. On notera que l'ensemble 9-10-11 représente un Venturi dans le col duquel on aurait disposé les aubes redresseuses 13. Comme montré le noyau 12, profilé comme le noyau d'entrée 6, mais de plus grande longueur, peut se prolonger vers l'amont sur une fraction de la longueur de l'étage 9 et à l'arrière jusqu'au débouché de l'étage 11.The output device 5 comprises three successive stages 9, 10 and 11. The upstream stage 9 is convergent. The intermediate part 10 is equipped with a profiled central core 12 and profiled straightening vanes 13. This intermediate stage can be cylindrical, but it is preferably provided slightly convergent. As for the downstream stage 11, it is a divergent with a small cone angle. It will be noted that the assembly 9-10-11 represents a Venturi in the neck of which the straightening vanes 13 would have been placed. As shown in the core 12, profiled like the inlet core 6, but of greater length, can be extended upstream over a fraction of the length of stage 9 and backwards to the outlet of stage 11.

Le cyclone représenté comprend encore une électrode axiale 14 supportée par les noyaux 6 et 12 prévus en matière isolante au moins dans leur partie centrale. L'extrémité amont de cette électrode reste à l'intérieur du noyau 6, mais son extrémité aval dépasse au contraire au-delà du débouché de l'étage 11 pour être reliée au générateur d'alimentation en courant haute tension.The cyclone shown also comprises an axial electrode 14 supported by the cores 6 and 12 provided with insulating material at least in their central part. The upstream end of this electrode remains inside the core 6, but its downstream end on the contrary exceeds beyond the outlet of the stage 11 to be connected to the high voltage current supply generator.

Le cyclone comporte une sortie périphérique tangentielle 15 de produit divisé séparé. Cette sortie, qui peut être équipée d'une vanne, d'une écluse ou autre dispositif connu, non représenté, est située immédiatement en avant de l'étage amont 9 du dispositif de sortie 5. On notera d'ailleurs qu'il est possible de disposer à la façon connue plusieurs cyclones en parallèle à l'intérieur d'un même caisson, auquel cas leurs sorties débouchent directement dans l'espace de celui-ci.The cyclone has a tangential peripheral outlet 15 of separate divided product. This outlet, which can be fitted a valve, a lock or other known device, not shown, is located immediately in front of the upstream stage 9 of the outlet device 5. It will also be noted that it is possible to arrange in the known way several cyclones in parallel inside the same box, in which case their outputs open directly into the space thereof.

Lorsque l'appareil fonctionne, grâce au dispositif d'entrée 4 le fluide est aussitôt mis en régime irrotationnel de façon régulière et comme les composantes de vitesse longitudinale de toutes les couches sont les mêmes, sa rotation se poursuit régulièrement sur toute la longueur du corps sans aucune formation de tourbillons correspondant à des pertes d'énergie. Quant il traverse l'étage convergent 9 du dispositif de sortie, sa composante de vitesse longitudinale s'élève fortement en même temps que de ce fait le pas d'hélice parcourue par les divers filets s'accroît dans la même mesure, ce qui correspond à un début de transformation de la vitesse tangentielle en vitesse linéaire longitudinale. Cette transformation s'achève dans l'étage 10 grâce à la présence des aubes 13 qui redressent l'écoulement sans perte d'énergie importante. Enfin le divergent 11 réalise la récupération de l'énergie cinétique, c'est-à-dire la transformation de la pression dynamique en pression statique. Finalement le fluide se retrouve à la sortie à une pression statique fort peu inférieure à celle d'entrée.When the device is operating, thanks to the input device 4, the fluid is immediately put into an irrotational regime on a regular basis and since the longitudinal speed components of all the layers are the same, its rotation continues regularly over the entire length of the body without any formation of vortices corresponding to energy losses. When it crosses the converging stage 9 of the output device, its longitudinal speed component rises sharply at the same time as therefore the helical pitch traversed by the various threads increases to the same extent, which corresponds at the beginning of the transformation of tangential speed into longitudinal linear speed. This transformation ends in stage 10 thanks to the presence of vanes 13 which straighten the flow without significant loss of energy. Finally the divergent 11 performs the recovery of kinetic energy, that is to say the transformation of dynamic pressure into static pressure. Finally, the fluid is found at the outlet at a static pressure very little lower than that of the inlet.

Il y a encore lieu de noter que l'amenée de courant à l'électrode axiale 14 peut s'effectuer par l'extrémité aval de celle-ci, c'est-à-dire dans une zone où le fluide est déjà épuré et où par conséquent les particules qu'il renfermait en suspension à l'origine ne peuvent provoquer ni des fuites de courant par cheminement, ni l'amorçage de court-circuits.It should also be noted that the supply of current to the axial electrode 14 can be effected by the downstream end of the latter, that is to say in an area where the fluid is already purified and where consequently the particles which it contained in suspension at the origin can not cause neither leaks of current by way, nor the initiation of short-circuits.

Il doit d'ailleurs être entendu que la description qui précède n'a été donnée qu'à titre d'exemple et qu'elle ne limite nullement le domaine de l'invention dont on ne sortirait pas en remplaçant les détails d'exécution décrits par tous autres équivalents. C'est ainsi que la pointe amont du noyau central 12 du dispositif de sortie 5 peut se trouver plus ou moins en avant, voire même en arrière, de l'étage convergent 9, les aubes redresseuses 13 elles-mêmes pouvant s'étendre plus ou moins sur la partie amont de ce noyau, éventuellement jusqu'à la pointe de celui-ci. On conçoit par ailleurs que l'invention concerne non seulement les cyclones du genre sus-exposé, mais encore le procédé dont il assurent la mise en oeuvre. En outre lorsqu'il est question de particules dans les présentes, celles-ci peuvent être aussi bien liquides que solides (cas par exemple des gaz chargés de fines gouttelettes liquides).It should moreover be understood that the above description has been given only by way of example and that it in no way limits the field of the invention from which one would not depart by replacing the execution details described by all other equivalents. Thus the upstream tip of the central core 12 of the output device 5 can be located more or less in front, or even back, of the converging stage 9, the straightening vanes 13 themselves being able to extend more or less on the upstream part of this core, possibly up to the tip of the latter. It will also be understood that the invention relates not only to cyclones of the above-mentioned type, but also to the process which it implements. In addition, when it comes to particles here, they can be both liquid and solid (for example gases loaded with fine liquid droplets).

Claims (8)

1. Appareil pour la séparation centrifuge des particules solides ou liquides en suspension dans un fluide liquide ou gazeux, du genre comportant un cyclone dans lequel le fluide à traiter tourne en se déplaçant axialement, et qui est pourvu, pour la mise en rotation du fluide, d'un dispositif d'entrée constitué par des aubes portées par un noyau central, caractérisé en ce que ces aubes (7) ont en profil transversal (perpendiculaire au rayon) une conformation telle que les espaces (8) qui les séparent soient en forme de trapèzes à côtés non parallèles incurvés en vue d'assurer le régime irrotationnel en même temps qu'une composante de vitesse longitudinale uniforme pour toutes les couches annulaires du fluide à l'intérieur du corps du cyclone (1).1. Apparatus for the centrifugal separation of solid or liquid particles suspended in a liquid or gaseous fluid, of the type comprising a cyclone in which the fluid to be treated rotates while moving axially, and which is provided for the rotation of the fluid , of an input device constituted by blades carried by a central core, characterized in that these blades (7) have a transverse profile (perpendicular to the radius) a conformation such that the spaces (8) which separate them are in form of trapezoids with non-parallel sides curved in order to ensure the irrotational regime at the same time as a component of uniform longitudinal velocity for all the annular layers of the fluid inside the body of the cyclone (1). 2. Appareil suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un dispositif de sortie (5) à plusieurs étages (9, 10, 11) pour assurer la récupération maximale de l'énergie de rotation.2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an output device (5) with several stages (9, 10, 11) to ensure maximum recovery of the rotation energy. 3. Appareil suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de sortie (5) comprend en combinaison : - un étage amont convergent (9) dans lequel la vitesse longitudinale du fluide augmente avec transformation partielle de la composante tangentielle en composante longitudinale ; - un étage intermédiaire (10) comportant des aubes profilées (13) portées par un noyau central (12), ces aubes assurant le redressement complet de l'écoulement du fluide ; - et un étage diverqent (11) à faible angle de cône, propre à réduire la vitesse longitudinale en transformant une fraction importante de la pression dynamique en pression statique en vue de récupérer l'énergie mise en oeuvre pour la mise en rotation du fluide dans le cylcone (1). 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the outlet device (5) comprises in combination: - a converging upstream stage (9) in which the longitudinal speed of the fluid increases with partial transformation of the tangential component into a longitudinal component; - An intermediate stage (10) comprising profiled blades (13) carried by a central core (12), these blades ensuring complete recovery of the flow of the fluid; - And a different stage (11) with a small cone angle, capable of reducing the longitudinal speed by transforming a large fraction of the dynamic pressure into static pressure in order to recover the energy used for the rotation of the fluid in the cylcone (1). 4. Appareil suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les aubes (13) du dispositif de sortie (5) sont profilées de façon qu'à la sortie de celles-ci la vitesse longitudinale du fluide soit uniforme sur toute la section d'écoulement.4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the vanes (13) of the outlet device (5) are shaped so that at the outlet thereof the longitudinal speed of the fluid is uniform over the entire section of flow. 5. Appareil suivant la revendication 1, avec évacuation des particules séparées près de son extrémité de sortie, caractérisé en ce que cette évacuation comprend au moins une ouverture tangentielle (15) orientée dans le sens de rotation du fluide à l'intérieur de l'appareil et située aussi près que possible de l'extrémité amont du dispositif de sortie (5).5. Apparatus according to claim 1, with discharge of the particles separated near its outlet end, characterized in that this discharge comprises at least one tangential opening (15) oriented in the direction of rotation of the fluid inside the device and located as close as possible to the upstream end of the outlet device (5). 6. Appareil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, du genre comportant une électrode axiale supportée au moins en partie par le dispositif d'entrée et celui de sortie, caractérisé en ce que cette électrode (14) traverse complètement le noyau (12) du dispositif de sortie (5) en dépassant au-delà de celui-ci, tandis que son raccordement au générateur d'alimentation s'effectue en aval de ce dispositif de sortie (5) dans une zone où le fluide est débarrassé de ses particules et n'est plus animé d'un mouvement de rotation notable.6. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, of the kind comprising an axial electrode supported at least in part by the input device and that of the output, characterized in that this electrode (14) passes completely through the core ( 12) of the outlet device (5) projecting beyond it, while its connection to the supply generator takes place downstream of this outlet device (5) in an area where the fluid is freed from its particles and is no longer animated by a notable rotational movement. 7. Appareil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la pointe amont du noyau (12) du dispositif de sortie (5) est décalée dans l'un quelconque des deux sens par rapport au plan de raccordement entre le premier et le second étage (9, respectivement 10) de ce dispositif (5).7. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the upstream tip of the core (12) of the outlet device (5) is offset in any one of the two directions relative to the connection plane between the first and second stages (9, respectively 10) of this device (5). 8. Appareil suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les aubes (13) du dispositif de sortie (5) s'étendent sur toute la partie amont du noyau (12) de ce dispositif.8. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the blades (13) of the outlet device (5) extend over the entire upstream part of the core (12) of this device.
EP80420122A 1979-11-08 1980-11-07 Centrifugal separators of the cyclonic type Expired EP0028996B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7928023A FR2469211A1 (en) 1979-11-08 1979-11-08 IMPROVEMENTS ON CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATORS OF THE CYCLONE GENUS
FR7928023 1979-11-08

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EP0028996A1 true EP0028996A1 (en) 1981-05-20
EP0028996B1 EP0028996B1 (en) 1983-05-11

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US (1) US4390426A (en)
EP (1) EP0028996B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS57113858A (en)
AU (1) AU535526B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8007168A (en)
CA (1) CA1139243A (en)
DE (2) DE28996T1 (en)
FR (1) FR2469211A1 (en)
IN (1) IN153607B (en)
ZA (1) ZA806808B (en)

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Also Published As

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FR2469211B1 (en) 1983-07-29
IN153607B (en) 1984-07-28
EP0028996B1 (en) 1983-05-11
FR2469211A1 (en) 1981-05-22
JPS57113858A (en) 1982-07-15
US4390426A (en) 1983-06-28
BR8007168A (en) 1981-05-12
AU535526B2 (en) 1984-03-29
JPH0230300B2 (en) 1990-07-05
CA1139243A (en) 1983-01-11
DE28996T1 (en) 1983-04-14
ZA806808B (en) 1981-10-28
DE3063179D1 (en) 1983-06-16
AU6419280A (en) 1981-05-14

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