EP0026735B1 - Dispositif pour le chargement de cuves d'électrolyse et procédé pour sa mise en oeuvre - Google Patents

Dispositif pour le chargement de cuves d'électrolyse et procédé pour sa mise en oeuvre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0026735B1
EP0026735B1 EP80810259A EP80810259A EP0026735B1 EP 0026735 B1 EP0026735 B1 EP 0026735B1 EP 80810259 A EP80810259 A EP 80810259A EP 80810259 A EP80810259 A EP 80810259A EP 0026735 B1 EP0026735 B1 EP 0026735B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alumina
pressure vessel
conveyor
pipe
compressed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80810259A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0026735A1 (fr
Inventor
Walter Merz
Hans Friedli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcan Holdings Switzerland AG
Original Assignee
Schweizerische Aluminium AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schweizerische Aluminium AG filed Critical Schweizerische Aluminium AG
Priority to AT80810259T priority Critical patent/ATE8280T1/de
Publication of EP0026735A1 publication Critical patent/EP0026735A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0026735B1 publication Critical patent/EP0026735B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/14—Devices for feeding or crust breaking

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for the automatic, process-controlled charging of electrolysis furnaces for aluminum production, with a pressure vessel for alumina and flux, delivery lines to the electrolysis furnaces and an alumina bunker arranged on each electrolysis furnace.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating the device.
  • the cell is usually operated periodically in normal operation, even if there is no anode effect.
  • the bath crust must be hammered in and the alumina concentration increased by adding new aluminum oxide, which corresponds to cell operation.
  • the aluminum manufacturers have increasingly switched to central operation in the longitudinal axis of the furnace.
  • the alumina is added either locally and continuously according to the “point feeder” system or not continuously distributed over the entire longitudinal axis of the furnace.
  • a storage bunker for the alumina is arranged on the electrolysis cell Lateral control of the electrolysis furnaces proposed recently (DE Patent No. 2731908.0).
  • alumina bunkers can be refilled from a silo that is arranged on an indoor vehicle or an oven manipulator.
  • DE-B-2 135485 proposes a device for transporting powdery or granular material from a horizontal or inclined conveying line, which is also particularly suitable for the transport of aluminum oxide.
  • the two lines for the material to be conveyed and the compressed air are connected to one another via a porous base which extends essentially over the entire length of the tube. Air can pass through this porous floor and maintain the loosening state of the conveyed material.
  • this conveyor pipe has the disadvantage that most of the compressed air, following the path of least resistance, enters the upper line containing the material to be conveyed at the end of the lower compressed air line, where the air resistance is several orders of magnitude higher than in the empty lower line .
  • DE-A-2 209 674 and DE-B-1 506 848 relate to the conveyance of short plugs of material. Specific design variants of connections of the compressed air line to the delivery line are disclosed, which, however, are not suitable for continuous dense phase delivery.
  • the inventor has set himself the task of creating a device for the automatic, process-controlled charging of electrolysis furnaces for aluminum production and a method for their operation which, with minimal energy expenditure, have such low wear on pipe material that the delivery pipes reach or exceed the service life of the electrolysis cell . Furthermore, the fast and precise supply of flux to a particular furnace should be guaranteed.
  • At least parts of the preferably round steel delivery tube are made of porous material, e.g. B. sintered bronze, sintered iron or sintered aluminum oxide, wherein the porous material can also be formed as a wire mesh. If the porous materials form only a small part of the side surface of the conveyor tube, they can be fastened in recesses using suitable means, e.g. B. by shrinking or gluing, in the case of steel pipes and metallic porous materials also by soldering.
  • suitable means e.g. B. by shrinking or gluing
  • the cross section of a delivery pipe can be of any design, but round cross sections have proven to be particularly favorable.
  • the compressed air pipe which runs parallel to the delivery pipe and also has any desired, but expediently round or rectangular cross section, can be arranged next to, in or around the delivery pipe.
  • the restrictions arranged along the entire length of the compressed air tube are fixed or variable constrictions that become smaller and smaller in the direction of conveyance. These restrictions have the effect that the reductions in the cross section in the pressure pipe, which are arranged at regular intervals, equalize the amount of compressed air entering the delivery line via the porous material. In other words, most of the compressed air no longer enters the end of the delivery pipe where the resistance is lowest.
  • Fixed constrictions can be achieved, for example, by indentations in the walls of the compressed air line or by bolts or lamellae or profile pieces fastened to the walls thereof, variable constrictions, on the other hand, by screws or bolts protruding into the compressed air pipe, which can be regulated with a locking screw or electromagnetically.
  • the installation of restrictions only makes sense if the delivery pipe is made of porous material in its area, otherwise the desired air passage that is regular over the entire pipe length cannot be achieved.
  • the distance between the restrictions can be, for example, 1-6 times the diameter of the delivery pipe.
  • the solution to the problem according to the invention not only brings about a variant in the course of progressing automation, but also an improvement in occupational hygiene, occupational safety and air pollution control.
  • a system has been created that meets all the requirements mentioned.
  • the energy used to carry out the method is kept to a minimum by an optimal arrangement of useful devices.
  • the essential elements of the electrolytic cell 10 are the steel tub 12, the thermal insulation 14, the carbon base 16, the cathode bars 18, the liquid aluminum 20 lying on the carbon base, which is the actual cathode, the electrolyte 22, the carbon anodes 24, and the anode rods 26 and the anode carrier 28.
  • the following components are introduced individually or as a mixture into the storage bunker 30, as required: fresh clay, fluoride-enriched clay, flux and ground flux residues.
  • the alumina bunker 30 is provided on both long sides with a metering device 32, which causes the alumina to be fed into the bath in portions via the downpipe 34.
  • the impact device 36 is generally actuated, the electrolyte crust, for example, being impacted by a pneumatically actuated chisel.
  • the alumina bunker 30 is connected to the furnace casing 38 via a connecting pipe 40.
  • the exhaust gases produced during the electrolysis process are removed together with the secondary air entering through opening 44, which is represented as representative of leaks and other leaks, the conveying air emerging from the outlet connection 46 of the pipe section 48 and the exhaust air drawn off via line 40 from the alumina bunker 30 through line 50 from the encapsulated cell dissipated.
  • the entire interior of the furnace enclosure is by the suction fan 52 under a slight negative pressure of a few mm WS, z. B. 10 mm.
  • the pressure vessel 54 is designed such that its underside initially contains a funnel-shaped constriction 56 with a large opening angle and then a funnel-shaped constriction 58 with a small opening angle.
  • the pressure vessel can be closed on its underside with a shut-off device, for example a ball valve.
  • the feed pipe 62 opens into the funnel-shaped constriction with a small opening angle, separated by the ball valve.
  • the feed pipes 64 for feeding the electrolysis cells branch off from this feed pipe which forms the main channel. As will be shown later in FIG. 6, it is not necessary with the arrangement according to the invention to provide any shut-off elements at the branching points.
  • a compressed air line 66 is arranged parallel to the delivery pipes 62 and 64, which enables the dense phase delivery in the manner described below.
  • the delivery valve 68 which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the electrolysis cell 10, a piece of the delivery line 64 is designed as an electrical insulating piece 70 in order to prevent short circuits between the ovens which are connected in series.
  • the pipe section 48 is nothing more than a continuation of the delivery pipe 64.
  • the compressed air line 66 also continues to the end of the pipe section 48.
  • the measuring probe 72 of the alumina bunker 30 serves to indicate the minimum fill level with alumina.
  • a compressor 74 is provided to provide the compressed air.
  • the compressed air can be routed to the container 54, the delivery pipe 62 or the compressed air pipe 66 in a store, not shown, equipped with the known control devices via pressure control valves 76, switching valves 78 and adjustment valves 80.
  • a controlled valve 82 is provided for the evacuation of the pressure container 54.
  • the limit switch 84 ensures that the pressure container 54 is filled. With a pneumatic valve control 86, the batches in the pressure vessel can be set precisely.
  • a steel tube 30, 62, 64 with an annular cross section, in which the powdery or granular conveyed material 88 is transported, has an inner diameter of approximately 50-100 mm and a wall thickness of approximately 3 mm.
  • a compressed air tube 66 with a rectangular cross section is welded onto the conveyor tube 30, 62, 64. Circular openings are recessed in the upper wall of the conveyor tube, into which porous disks 90 are soldered.
  • the lower end face of this screw is designed according to the surface of the porous material, i. H. as a horizontal surface. However, this end face can also be hemispherical, dome-shaped or the like.
  • a thread carrier (nut) 94 is welded on.
  • a lock nut 96 is used to fix the adjusting screw.
  • the dimensions of the remaining free opening in the compressed air tube and the part of the adjusting screw protruding into the compressed air tube are of a comparable order of magnitude.
  • the resistance in the conveying tube 30, 62, 64 is the smallest at the adjusting screw C, so that most air enters there.
  • the resistance in the delivery pipe is comparatively high, meaning that only little delivery air enters. This causes material to be conveyed to the right of C to be pushed off and pushed in from the left in the direction of the arrow F s .
  • FIG. 4 In contrast to the adjustable restrictions shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a fixed restriction is shown in FIG. 4. Above the porous material 90 soldered into a recess in the steel wall of the delivery pipe 30, 62, 64, a profile piece 98 is arranged, which is fastened to the upper wall of the compressed air pipe 66.
  • This invariable, ie non-variable restriction in the form of an inverted T causes part of the compressed air F L to flow through the gap between porous material 90 and profile piece 98.
  • the resistance is increased to a greater or lesser extent, so that approximately the same amount of air passes from the compressed air pipe into the delivery pipe through all disks 90 made of porous material along the delivery pipe.
  • the distance d increases in the conveying direction.
  • the compressed air tube shown is very oversized, in reality its cross-sectional dimensions can be as follows with a delivery tube diameter of 75 mm: 20 mm wide, 16 mm high.
  • a wear-resistant insert for. B. made of sintered aluminum oxide, used as the inner wall of the delivery pipe. Porous material disks 90 are also used in this ceramic molded part 100.
  • the shock-sensitive insert 100 is embedded in a protective cover 102.
  • the annular gap 104 formed between the wear-resistant insert 100 and the protective cover 102 is preferably filled with a foam.
  • a reinforcing ring 106 is placed in order to compensate for the transition to the wear-resistant insert 100 with thicker walls.
  • the straight and curved tubes are screwed together by means of flanges 108, and a flat seal 110 is arranged between the flanges 108.
  • FIG. 6 shows a branching of the delivery line system according to the invention, which shows that no switch or no three-way valve is necessary.
  • the ball valve 114a is open, while the ball valve 114b is closed.
  • solenoid valves 116 and 118 are open, the conveying air passing from the compressed air channels 66 provided with restrictions 112 into the conveying line 30, 62, 64 has the effect that the material is conveyed in a dense flow through the open ball valve 114a.
  • Fig. 7 the lower part of the pressure vessel 54 is shown in detail.
  • the funnel-shaped constriction 56 with a large opening angle like the rest of the container in the cylindrical part, is filled with alumina.
  • the funnel-shaped constriction 58 with a small opening angle is filled with cryolite 124, milled flow 126 and aluminum fluoride 128.
  • the portion of flux that fills the funnel-shaped constriction 58 which instead of being mixed in layers, can be filled in, but is only a few percent of the entire batch, e.g. B. 0.5-5%. If the ball valve 60 is opened for charging an electrolysis cell, it is ensured that the fluxes flowing away in the core flow are in any case completely supplied to the cell.
  • any fine-grained bulk material can be conveyed with the device and the method according to the invention in addition to the alumina described above.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Ticket-Dispensing Machines (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Electric Ovens (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Looms (AREA)
  • Feeding And Watering For Cattle Raising And Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)

Claims (11)

1. Dispositif pour le chargement automatique commandé de fours d'électrolyse pour la production d'aluminium, avec un réservoir sous pression d'alumine et de fondants, des conduites de transport vers les fours d'électrolyse et un silo d'alumine disposé sur chaque four d'électrolyse, ledit dispositif étant caractérisé en ce que
- le réservoir cylindrique sous pression (54) d'alumine et de fondants présente à la partie inférieure d'abord un rétrécissement (56) en forme de trémie à grand angle d'ouverture, puis un second rétrécissement (58) à faible angle d'ouverture provoquant un écoulement central ;
- les conduites de transport entre le réservoir sous pression (54) et la cuve d'électrolyse (10) comprennent un tube de transport (62, 64) et un tube d'air comprimé (66) qui, pour égaliser le poids de l'air pénétrant dans la conduite de transport sur toute sa longueur, présente des étranglements (92) à surface active décroissant suivant le sens de transport, et le raccordement du tube d'air comprimé au tube de transport est réalisé en matériau poreux (90), au moins au voisinage des étranglements ; et
- le volume de remplissage du silo (30) d'alumine, situé au-dessus d'une sonde de mesure (72), correspond à une charge du réservoir sous pression (54).
2. Dispositif selon revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le volume du rétrécissement (58) en forme de trémie à faible angle d'ouverture, c'est-à-dire de la zone d'écoulement central, est égal à 0,5-5% de celui du réservoir sous pression.
3. Dispositif selon revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les étranglements (92) du réseau de conduites de transport sont variables et réalisés sous forme de vis ou de boulons réglables, pénétrant dans le tube d'air comprimé.
4. Dispositif selon revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les étranglements (92) du réseau de conduites de transport sont constitués par des bossages sur les parois du tube d'air comprimé ou par des boulons, lamelles ou pièces profilées fixés sur les parois dudit tube.
5. Dispositif selon une quelconque des revendications 1, 3 et 4, caractérisé en ce que le tube d'air comprimé (66) est monté sur le tube de transport (30, 62, 64), les deux tubes comportant sur toute la longueur une paroi commune, celle du tube de transport.
6. Dispositif selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les étranglements (92) et les surfaces en regard du matériau poreux (90) sont de même taille.
7. Dispositif selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le matériau poreux (90) est en bronze fritté, fer fritté ou alumine frittée, ou est constitué par un treillis métallique.
8. Dispositif selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les restrictions produites par les étranglements (92) représentent la moitié au moins de la section du tube d'air comprimé.
9. Dispositif selon revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la distance (d) entre un étranglement (92) et la surface correspondante en regard du matériau poreux (90) croît suivant le sens de transport.
10. Procédé pour l'exploitation d'un dispositif selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que
- l'établissement du niveau minimal dans le silo d'alumine (30) est enregistré par une sonde de mesure (72), puis transmis à un ordinateur central ;
- le mélange optimal d'alumine fraîche, d'alumine enrichie en fluorures et précédemment introduite comme adsorbant, de fondants et de résidus broyés de fondants, calculé par l'ordinateur central pour chaque four d'électrolyse (10), est réalisé ;
- la zone inférieure (58) du réservoir sous pression, ou zone d'écoulement central, est d'abord remplie de fondants, puis de l'alumine est chargée dans le reste du réservoir sous pression (54) ; et
- le contenu du réservoir sous pression est transporté par de l'air comprimé, sous forme d'un flux dense, dans la conduite non vidée auparavant par soufflage, vers le silo d'alumine (30) du four d'électrolyse (10) considéré.
EP80810259A 1979-08-28 1980-08-21 Dispositif pour le chargement de cuves d'électrolyse et procédé pour sa mise en oeuvre Expired EP0026735B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80810259T ATE8280T1 (de) 1979-08-28 1980-08-21 Vorrichtung zum beschicken von elektrolyseoefen und verfahren zu deren betrieb.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH7854/79 1979-08-28
CH785479A CH645677A5 (de) 1979-08-28 1979-08-28 Vorrichtung zum beschicken von elektrolysezellen und verfahren zu deren betrieb.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0026735A1 EP0026735A1 (fr) 1981-04-08
EP0026735B1 true EP0026735B1 (fr) 1984-07-04

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80810259A Expired EP0026735B1 (fr) 1979-08-28 1980-08-21 Dispositif pour le chargement de cuves d'électrolyse et procédé pour sa mise en oeuvre

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Country Link
US (1) US4450053A (fr)
EP (1) EP0026735B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5635787A (fr)
AT (1) ATE8280T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU537599B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8005400A (fr)
CA (1) CA1152453A (fr)
CH (1) CH645677A5 (fr)
DE (2) DE3022643C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES494462A0 (fr)
GR (1) GR69694B (fr)
NO (1) NO154525C (fr)
NZ (1) NZ194722A (fr)
PL (1) PL226147A1 (fr)
SU (1) SU1063293A3 (fr)
TR (1) TR21343A (fr)
YU (1) YU212780A (fr)
ZA (1) ZA805198B (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2504158B1 (fr) * 1981-04-15 1985-08-30 Aluminium Grece Procede et appareillage d'alimentation ponctuelle en alumine de cuves d'electrolyse pour la production d'aluminium
FR2534891B1 (fr) * 1982-10-22 1987-01-09 Pechiney Aluminium Dispositif clos a fluidisation potentielle pour le controle horizontal de materiaux pulverulents
FR2562878B2 (fr) * 1984-04-12 1989-06-30 Pechiney Aluminium Dispositif clos a fluidisation potentielle pour le convoyage horizontal en lit dense de materiaux pulverulents
DE3664622D1 (en) * 1985-10-31 1989-08-31 Alusuisse Device for charging bulk material containers, and its use
US4938848A (en) * 1989-02-13 1990-07-03 Aluminum Company Of America Method and apparatus for conveying split streams of alumina powder to an electrolysis cell
FR2778393B1 (fr) * 1998-05-11 2000-06-16 Pechiney Aluminium Procede pour le convoyage en lit hyperdense de materiaux pulverulents et dispositif a fluidisation potentielle destine a le mettre en oeuvre
FR2831528B1 (fr) * 2001-10-26 2004-01-16 Pechiney Aluminium Systeme de repartition de matiere pulverulente avec des debits pondereux controles
FR2952363B1 (fr) * 2009-11-09 2011-11-11 Alcan Int Ltd Dispositif a fluidisation potentielle destine au convoyage de materiaux pulverulents en lit hyperdense
FR2980783B1 (fr) * 2011-10-04 2016-05-13 Rio Tinto Alcan Int Ltd Procede et dispositif de distribution d'un materiau fluidisable, et installation incluant ledit dispositif
CN104264188B (zh) * 2014-09-25 2016-11-30 中国铝业股份有限公司 控制型智能打壳***与方法
EP3947218A1 (fr) * 2019-04-04 2022-02-09 Reel Alesa AG Dispositif d'alimentation à flux de précision

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DE2209674A1 (de) * 1972-03-01 1973-09-06 Waeschle Maschf Gmbh Rohr fuer eine in abstaenden mit zusatzluft zu beschickende foerderleitung
US3797707A (en) * 1971-04-20 1974-03-19 Jenike And Johanson Inc Bins for storage and flow of bulk solids
DE1506848B2 (de) * 1966-06-16 1977-07-21 Gebruder Buhler AG, Uzwil (Schweiz) Rohrleitung fuer den pneumatischen oder hydraulischen transport kurzer, gleichartiger materialpfropfen

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US2989349A (en) * 1956-09-19 1961-06-20 Hartley Controls Corp Pneumatic delivery and time-controlled measuring of fine material such as powder
CH366976A (de) * 1957-12-19 1963-01-31 Elektrokemisk As Verfahren zur Beschickung von Öfen für die schmelzelektrolytische Herstellung von Aluminium
US3135672A (en) * 1959-01-16 1964-06-02 Nippon Light Metal Co Method for feeding alumina to electrolytic cell
NL126517C (fr) * 1959-09-03
AT248133B (de) * 1964-04-16 1966-07-11 Vmw Ranshofen Berndorf Ag Elektropneumatische Vorrichtung zur automatischen periodischen Tonerdezugabe bei Aluminiumelektrolyseöfen
AT237909B (de) * 1962-12-07 1965-01-11 Vmw Ranshofen Berndorf Ag Elektropneumatische Vorrichtung zur automatischen periodischen Tonerdezugabe bei Aluminiumelektrolyseöfen
FR1526766A (fr) * 1963-09-24 1968-05-31 Pechiney Prod Chimiques Sa Machine automatique pour le piquage et l'alimentation des cuves d'électrolyse ignée
AT271924B (de) * 1965-09-07 1969-06-25 Femipari Ki Verfahren und Einrichtung zum automatischen Aufbrechen der Krusten von Aluminiumelektrolyse-Bäderbatterien und zum Chargieren dieser Bäder mit Tonerde
US3681229A (en) * 1970-07-17 1972-08-01 Aluminum Co Of America Alumina feeder
US3664935A (en) * 1971-01-21 1972-05-23 Arthur F Johnson Effluent filtering process and apparatus for aluminum reduction cell
FR2139648B1 (fr) * 1971-05-28 1973-08-10 Prat Daniel Poelman
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1506848B2 (de) * 1966-06-16 1977-07-21 Gebruder Buhler AG, Uzwil (Schweiz) Rohrleitung fuer den pneumatischen oder hydraulischen transport kurzer, gleichartiger materialpfropfen
US3797707A (en) * 1971-04-20 1974-03-19 Jenike And Johanson Inc Bins for storage and flow of bulk solids
DE2209674A1 (de) * 1972-03-01 1973-09-06 Waeschle Maschf Gmbh Rohr fuer eine in abstaenden mit zusatzluft zu beschickende foerderleitung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO802501L (no) 1981-03-02
JPS5635787A (en) 1981-04-08
AU6164280A (en) 1981-04-09
AU537599B2 (en) 1984-07-05
CH645677A5 (de) 1984-10-15
SU1063293A3 (ru) 1983-12-23
DE3022643A1 (de) 1981-03-12
TR21343A (tr) 1984-04-16
NZ194722A (en) 1984-07-31
DE3022643C2 (de) 1982-12-30
ZA805198B (en) 1981-09-30
BR8005400A (pt) 1981-03-10
EP0026735A1 (fr) 1981-04-08
PL226147A1 (fr) 1981-04-24
ATE8280T1 (de) 1984-07-15
YU212780A (en) 1983-02-28
NO154525C (no) 1986-10-08
GR69694B (fr) 1982-07-08
NO154525B (no) 1986-06-30
ES8104441A1 (es) 1981-04-01
DE3068436D1 (en) 1984-08-09
CA1152453A (fr) 1983-08-23
ES494462A0 (es) 1981-04-01
US4450053A (en) 1984-05-22

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