EP0026457B1 - Heating arrangement using a p.t.c. resistance heating element - Google Patents

Heating arrangement using a p.t.c. resistance heating element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0026457B1
EP0026457B1 EP80105756A EP80105756A EP0026457B1 EP 0026457 B1 EP0026457 B1 EP 0026457B1 EP 80105756 A EP80105756 A EP 80105756A EP 80105756 A EP80105756 A EP 80105756A EP 0026457 B1 EP0026457 B1 EP 0026457B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
aluminium oxide
heating device
plates
plate
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP80105756A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0026457A2 (en
EP0026457A3 (en
Inventor
Peter Dipl.-Phys. Kleinschmidt
Hans Dr. Meixner
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to AT80105756T priority Critical patent/ATE5122T1/en
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Publication of EP0026457A3 publication Critical patent/EP0026457A3/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating device with a PTC (ceramic PTC) heating element, as specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • PTC semiconductor PTC
  • DE-A-2 743 880 describes a heating device with an optimized heating element made of thermistor material.
  • the PTC thermistor heating element has an essential feature a thickness of only 0.5 to 2 mm with a specific electrical resistance of the PTC thermistor material kept in a relatively narrow range, which must also have a Curie temperature that is at least 50 ° C higher than the shutdown temperature provided for the heater. This switch-off temperature is z. B. for boiling water 100 ° C (373 K).
  • Another important feature of a heating device according to the above-mentioned DE-OS is that the heat dissipation is as large as possible on both sides of the plate of the PTC thermistor heating element. The same size of heat dissipation on both sides takes precedence over extremely good heat dissipation on only one side.
  • a heating device with a semiconductor heating element with a positive temperature coefficient is known, in which the heating element is also a plate.
  • the other parts of this heating device lying on and under this plate, and in particular the necessary electrode sheets, are only in contact with the heating element in this device and are held as a complete package by the housing in a tight bond.
  • connection units are provided whose respective base part can be soldered to the respective connection of the heating element.
  • This simplification is also intended to include the attachment of the connecting lugs, which likewise have to be attached in a technologically less complex manner.
  • the present invention is based on the consideration of providing the manufacturer of devices with electrical heating devices with a PTC heating device of this type, which is, for example, a wire heater with the electrically insulating body around it.
  • a PTC heating device of this type which is, for example, a wire heater with the electrically insulating body around it.
  • the connecting lugs led outwards are at a distance from one another which complies with the VDE regulations, because in the case of the disk-shaped thermistor heating elements, the two electrodes located on the upper sides of the PTC thermistor disk are only a maximum of 2 mm apart .
  • the electrical connection lugs of the sandwich are at a sufficiently large distance from one another without losing the advantage of the small volume of the PTC thermistor heating element for comparatively high heating power.
  • the upper plate made of sintered aluminum oxide which is visible in the perspective view, is designated by 2. Such a sintered body has high mechanical strength.
  • the frame made of plastic material is designated by 12, with which a tight, in particular liquid-tight, connection is made between the upper and the lower aluminum oxide plate (not visible in FIG. 1).
  • This frame runs around the whole sandwich.
  • 21 and 22 are the connecting lugs for the supply of the operating voltage, for. B. 220 volt mains voltage.
  • the required minimum distance from one another can be maintained without difficulty after a sandwich as shown in FIG. B. 500 watt heating power (for a switch-off temperature of z. B. 100 ° C) has dimensions in the order of 35 times 35 mm.
  • FIG. 1 Details of the structure of a sandwich of FIG. 1 go from the sectional view of the Fig. 2 shows, in which the PTC heating element according to the aforementioned DE-OS is designated by 1.
  • the upper and lower aluminum oxide plates are designated by 2.
  • This not only has a relatively high ductility, but also a melting point that is sufficiently above the temperature to which the PTC heating element can heat up to a maximum (beyond its Curie temperature).
  • the edges of the two aluminum oxide plates 2 are connected to one another. It is also advantageous to produce the frame 12 by means of an injection molding process, specifically directly on the sandwich, wherein the space between the heating element 1 and the frame 12 visible in FIG. 2 can also be practically completely filled. However, it is advisable to leave a space for the heating element 1, even if only extremely small, for lateral thermal expansion, provided that the plastic is not sufficiently elastic in any case.
  • the already mentioned layers 4 made of a ductile solder not only serve as elastic cushion in principle known per se for another type of installation, namely with the application of pressure, but the solder layers 4 also have the important function of mechanical cohesion here.
  • the heating element 1 has on its plate sides 11 a full-area, solderable metallization made of z. B. baking silver, and the respective opposite surfaces of the aluminum oxide plates 2 are metallized at least up to the size of the surface of the heating element.
  • a metallization layer for the alumina plates can e.g. B. also from stoving silver or z. B. consist of plasma or flame sprayed copper, aluminum, zinc.
  • FIG. 2 is a section according to 11-11 of FIG. 1, so that only the connecting lug 22 can be seen in the illustration in FIG. 2. This is guided through the frame 12 and electrically connected on the inside of the sandwich to the metallization of the one aluminum oxide plate 2. In particular, this terminal lug 22 is soldered on. For this purpose, it can be provided that the metallization of the aluminum oxide plate only extends beyond the edge of the heating element at the relevant point.
  • the connecting lug 21 which is not visible in FIG. 2, is arranged and electrically connected to that in FIG. 2 and to the metallization of the lower aluminum oxide plate 2 in FIG. 2.
  • a thickness between 0.5 and 2 mm is recommended for the aluminum oxide plates 2. Such a small thickness results in only little thermal resistance with an already good thermal conductivity of the A1 2 0 3 .
  • This metallization 11 is preferably produced from stoving silver in the form of a double layer.
  • a first layer of baked-on silver In-Ga-Ag alloy No. E 4106, Demetron
  • a silver branding tincture. No. E 4100, Demetron
  • This double layer of stoving silver is ideal for the further soldering process.

Abstract

1. A heating device having a plate-shaped cold conductor (ceramic PTC) heating element which is metallized on both its flat faces and is of sandwich formation, plates made of sintered aluminium oxide adjoining both flat faces of the heating element, characterised in that for a one-piece sandwich (Figure 1), the surfaces of the aluminium oxide plates (2), which are respectively located opposite the plate faces (11), are metallized so as to be solderable ; that between the plate surfaces (11) and these metallized surfaces, a layer of ductile solder is in each case provided by means of which the heating element (1) and the aluminium oxide plates (2) are soldered to one another ; and that the terminal tags (22, 23) are soldered to the aluminium oxide plates (2) by means of the solder.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Heizeinrichtung mit Kaltleiter-(keramischem PTC)Heizelement, wie sie im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 angegeben ist.The invention relates to a heating device with a PTC (ceramic PTC) heating element, as specified in the preamble of claim 1.

In DE-A-2 743 880 ist eine Heizeinrichtung mit einem optimierten Heizelement aus KaltleiterMaterial beschrieben. Das Kaltleiter-Heizelement hat dabei als wesentliches Merkmal eine Dicke von nur 0,5 bis 2 mm bei einem in relativ engem Bereich gehaltenen spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand des Kaltleiter-Materials, das zudem eine Curie-Temperatur haben muß, die wenigstens 50° C höher ist als die für die Heizeinrichtung vorgesehene Abschalttemperatur. Diese Abschalttemperatur beträgt z. B. für das Kochen von Wasser 100°C (373 K). Weiteres wichtiges Merkmal einer Heizeinrichtung nach der obengenannten DE-OS ist, daß auf beiden Seiten der Scheibe des Kaltleiter-Heizelementes möglichst gleich große Wärmeableitung vorliegt. Die gleiche Größe der Wärmeableitung auf beiden Seiten hat Vorrang vor extrem guter Wärmeableitung auf nur einer Seite.DE-A-2 743 880 describes a heating device with an optimized heating element made of thermistor material. The PTC thermistor heating element has an essential feature a thickness of only 0.5 to 2 mm with a specific electrical resistance of the PTC thermistor material kept in a relatively narrow range, which must also have a Curie temperature that is at least 50 ° C higher than the shutdown temperature provided for the heater. This switch-off temperature is z. B. for boiling water 100 ° C (373 K). Another important feature of a heating device according to the above-mentioned DE-OS is that the heat dissipation is as large as possible on both sides of the plate of the PTC thermistor heating element. The same size of heat dissipation on both sides takes precedence over extremely good heat dissipation on only one side.

Mit einer solchen Heizeinrichtung ist es möglich geworden, im praktischen Betrieb tatsächlich verwendbare, z. B. in Eierkochern, Kaffeemaschinen, Tauchsiedern und dergleichen einzubauende, Einrichtungen zu schaffen, die nicht nur die an sie gestellten Anforderungen bezüglich ausreichender Leistungsabgabe und sinnvoll bemessener Heiztemperatur-Begrenzung erfüllen, sondern die auch dauerhaft sind und die fortwährenden Temperaturänderungen und Temperaturspannungen im Kaltleiter-Material ohne zu Ausfall führendem Bruch der Scheiben überdauern.With such a heater, it has become possible to actually use in practical operation, for. B. in egg cookers, coffee machines, immersion heaters and the like to be installed to create facilities that not only meet the requirements placed on them with regard to sufficient power output and sensible heating temperature limitation, but which are also permanent and the constant temperature changes and temperature tensions in the PTC thermistor material survive without breakage of the panes leading to failure.

Weiterer Stand der Technik zu Heizeinrichtungen mit Kaltleiter-Bauelementen, die tatsächlich in die technische Verwendung gelangen, ist in den deutschen Offe,•legungsschriften 2 806 159 und 2 816 076 enthalten.Further prior art relating to heating devices with PTC thermistor components that are actually being used for technical purposes is contained in German Offenlegungsschrift 2 806 159 and 2 816 076.

Aus der DE-OS 2 619 242 ist eine Heizvorrichtung mit einem Halbleiter-Heizelement mit positivem Temperaturkoeffizienten bekannt, bei der das Heizelement ebenfalls eine Platte ist. Die auf und die unter dieser Platte liegenden weiteren Teile dieser Heizvorrichtung und insbesondere die notwendigen Elektrodenbleche sind in dieser Vorrichtung an dem Heizelement lediglich anliegend und als gesamtes Paket durch das Gehäuse in festem Verbund gehalten. Zur Verbindung der äußeren Anschlußdrähte mit dem Heizelement sind Anschlußeinheiten vorgesehen, deren jeweiliges Basisteil am jeweiligen Anschluß des Heizelements angelötet sein kann.From DE-OS 2 619 242 a heating device with a semiconductor heating element with a positive temperature coefficient is known, in which the heating element is also a plate. The other parts of this heating device lying on and under this plate, and in particular the necessary electrode sheets, are only in contact with the heating element in this device and are held as a complete package by the housing in a tight bond. To connect the outer connection wires to the heating element, connection units are provided whose respective base part can be soldered to the respective connection of the heating element.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine weitere Vereinfachung für den Einbau eines Kaltleiter-Heizelements in einer Heizvorrichtung anzugeben, um einen noch weiteren Anwendungsbereich für Kaltleiter-Heizelemente erschließen zu können. Diese Vereinfachung soll auch die Anbringung der Anschlußfahnen umfassen, die ebenfalls in technologisch wenig aufwendiger Art und Weise anzubringen sein müssen.It is an object of the present invention to provide a further simplification for the installation of a PTC heating element in a heating device, in order to be able to open up yet another area of application for PTC heating elements. This simplification is also intended to include the attachment of the connecting lugs, which likewise have to be attached in a technologically less complex manner.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Heizeinrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 erfindungsgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Kennzeichens des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved with a heating device according to the preamble of claim 1 with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Die vorliegende Erfindung geht von der Überlegung aus, dem Hersteller von Geräten mit elektrischen Heizeinrichtungen eine solche Kaltleiter-Heizeinrichtung zur Verfügung zu stellen, die etwa vergleichsweise einem Drahtheizkörper mit dem darum befindlichen elektrisch isolierenden Körper ist. Zum Beispiel sollen bei der erfindungsgemäßen Heizeinrichtung die nach außen geführten Anschlußfahnen einen den VDE-Vorschriften entsprechenden Abstand voneinander haben, denn bei den scheibenförmigen Kaltleiter-Heizelementen haben die beiden auf den Oberseiten der Kaltleiter-Scheibe befindlichen Elektroden an sich nur einen höchstens 2 mm großen Abstand. Bei der Erfindung haben die elektrischen Anschlußfahnen des Sandwich jedoch einen ausreichend großen Abstand voneinander, ohne daß der Vorteil geringen Volumens des Kaltleiter-Heizelementes für vergleichsweise hohe Heizleistung verlorengeht.The present invention is based on the consideration of providing the manufacturer of devices with electrical heating devices with a PTC heating device of this type, which is, for example, a wire heater with the electrically insulating body around it. For example, in the case of the heating device according to the invention, the connecting lugs led outwards are at a distance from one another which complies with the VDE regulations, because in the case of the disk-shaped thermistor heating elements, the two electrodes located on the upper sides of the PTC thermistor disk are only a maximum of 2 mm apart . In the invention, however, the electrical connection lugs of the sandwich are at a sufficiently large distance from one another without losing the advantage of the small volume of the PTC thermistor heating element for comparatively high heating power.

Weitere Erläuterungen der Erfindung gehen aus der nachfolgenden, anhand der Figuren gegebenen Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung hervor.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht eines einbaufertigen erfindungsgemäßen, als elektrische Heizeinrichtung zu verwendenden Sandwich.
  • Fig. 2 zeigt eine Schnittdarstellung 11-11 eines Sandwich nach Fig. 1.
Further explanations of the invention emerge from the following description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention given on the basis of the figures.
  • Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a ready-to-install sandwich according to the invention to be used as an electrical heating device.
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional illustration 11-11 of a sandwich according to FIG. 1.

Aus Fig. 1 geht das Maß der Perfektion hervor, das die leichte Einbaubarkeit des Sandwich mit Kaltleiter-Heizelement ermöglicht. Mit 2 ist die in der perspektivischen Ansicht sichtbare obere Platte aus gesintertem Aluminiumoxid bezeichnet. Ein solcher Sinterkörper hat hohe mechanische Festigkeit. Mit 12 ist der Rahmen aus Kunststoffmaterial bezeichnet, mit dem eine dichte, insbesondere flüssigkeitsdichte, Verbindung zwischen der oberen und der (in der Fig. 1 nicht sichtbaren) unteren Aluminiumoxidplatte hergestellt ist.1 shows the degree of perfection that enables the sandwich with PTC thermistor heating element to be easily installed. The upper plate made of sintered aluminum oxide, which is visible in the perspective view, is designated by 2. Such a sintered body has high mechanical strength. The frame made of plastic material is designated by 12, with which a tight, in particular liquid-tight, connection is made between the upper and the lower aluminum oxide plate (not visible in FIG. 1).

Dieser Rahmen verläuft rund herum um den ganzen Sandwich. Mit 21 und 22 sind die Anschlußfahnen für die Zuführung der Betriebsspannung, z. B. 220 Volt Netzspannung, bezeichnet. Für diese beiden Anschlußfahnen 21 und 22 läßt sich der geforderte Mindestabstand voneinander ohne Schwierigkeiten einhalten, nachdem ein wie in Fig. 1 dargestellter Sandwich für z. B. 500 Watt Heizleistung (für eine Abschalttemperatur von z. B. 100°C) Abmessungen in der Größenordnung von 35mal 35 mm hat.This frame runs around the whole sandwich. With 21 and 22 are the connecting lugs for the supply of the operating voltage, for. B. 220 volt mains voltage. For these two connecting lugs 21 and 22, the required minimum distance from one another can be maintained without difficulty after a sandwich as shown in FIG. B. 500 watt heating power (for a switch-off temperature of z. B. 100 ° C) has dimensions in the order of 35 times 35 mm.

Einzelheiten des Aufbaues eines Sandwich nach Fig. 1 gehen aus der Schnittdarstellung der Fig. 2 hervor, in der mit 1 das Kaltleiter-Heizelement nach der eingangs genannten DE-OS bezeichnet ist. Mit 2 sind die obere und die untere Aluminiumoxidplatte bezeichnet. Zwischen den Plattenflächen 11 des Heizelementes 1 und der jeweiligen gegenüberliegenden Fläche der Aluminiumoxidplatten 2 befindet sich je eine Schicht 4 aus duktilem Lot. Insbesondere kommt hierfür ein Blei-Zinnlot mit vorzugsweise relativ hohem Bleigehalt, wie z. B. ein Lot mit 95,5% Pb, 2,5% Ag, 2% Sn in Frage. Dieses hat nicht nur relativ hohe Duktilität, sondern auch einen genügend weit oberhalb der Temperatur liegenden Schmelzpunkt, auf den sich das Kaltleiter-Heizelement (über seine Curie-Temperatur hinaus) maximal aufheizen kann.Details of the structure of a sandwich of FIG. 1 go from the sectional view of the Fig. 2 shows, in which the PTC heating element according to the aforementioned DE-OS is designated by 1. The upper and lower aluminum oxide plates are designated by 2. There is a layer 4 of ductile solder between the plate surfaces 11 of the heating element 1 and the respective opposite surface of the aluminum oxide plates 2. In particular, this is a lead-tin solder with preferably a relatively high lead content, such as. B. a solder with 95.5% Pb, 2.5% Ag, 2% Sn in question. This not only has a relatively high ductility, but also a melting point that is sufficiently above the temperature to which the PTC heating element can heat up to a maximum (beyond its Curie temperature).

Mit dem Rahmen 12 aus wärmefestem Kunststoffmaterial sind die Ränder der beiden Aluminiumoxidplatten 2 miteinander verbunden. Von Vorteil ist auch eine Herstellung des Rahmens 12 nach einem Spritzverfahren, und zwar direkt am Sandwich, wobei auch der in der Fig. 2 sichtbare Zwischenraum zwischen dem Heizelement 1 und dem Rahmen 12 praktisch vollständig ausgefüllt sein kann. Es empfiehlt sich jedoch, für das Heizelement 1 einen, wenn auch nur äußerst geringen, Raum für seitlich gerichtete thermische Ausdehnung zu belassen, sofern der Kunststoff nicht ohnehin genügend elastisch ist.With the frame 12 made of heat-resistant plastic material, the edges of the two aluminum oxide plates 2 are connected to one another. It is also advantageous to produce the frame 12 by means of an injection molding process, specifically directly on the sandwich, wherein the space between the heating element 1 and the frame 12 visible in FIG. 2 can also be practically completely filled. However, it is advisable to leave a space for the heating element 1, even if only extremely small, for lateral thermal expansion, provided that the plastic is not sufficiently elastic in any case.

Die bereits erwähnten Schichten 4 aus einem duktilem Lot dienen nicht nur als im Prinzip an sich für eine andere Einbauart, nämlich mit Druckausübung, bekannte Elastizitätspolster, sondern die Lotschichten 4 haben hier außerdem die wichtige Funktion des mechanischen Zusammenhaltes. Das Heizelement 1 weist auf seinen Plattenseiten 11 eine ganzflächige, lötfähige Metallisierung aus z. B. Einbrennsilber auf, und auch die jeweils gegenüberliegenden Flächen der Aluminiumoxidplatten 2 sind mindestens bis zur Größe der Fläche des Heizelementes lötbar metallisiert. Eine Metallisierungsschicht für die Aluminiumoxidplatten kann z. B. ebenfalls aus Einbrennsilber oder auch z. B. aus durch Plasma-oder Flammen-Spritzen aufgebrachtes Kupfer, Aluminium, Zink bestehen.The already mentioned layers 4 made of a ductile solder not only serve as elastic cushion in principle known per se for another type of installation, namely with the application of pressure, but the solder layers 4 also have the important function of mechanical cohesion here. The heating element 1 has on its plate sides 11 a full-area, solderable metallization made of z. B. baking silver, and the respective opposite surfaces of the aluminum oxide plates 2 are metallized at least up to the size of the surface of the heating element. A metallization layer for the alumina plates can e.g. B. also from stoving silver or z. B. consist of plasma or flame sprayed copper, aluminum, zinc.

Die Fig. 2 ist ein Schnitt gemäß 11-11 der Fig. 1, so daß in der Darstellung der Fig. 2 nur die Anschlußfahne 22 zu sehen ist. Diese ist durch den Rahmen 12 hindurchgeführt und auf der Innenseite des Sandwich mit der Metallisierung der einen Aluminiumoxidplatte 2 elektrisch verbunden. Insbesondere ist diese Anschlußfahne 22 angelötet. Hierfür kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Metallisierung der Aluminiumoxidplatte nur an der betreffenden Stelle über den Rand des Heizelementes hinausreichend ist.FIG. 2 is a section according to 11-11 of FIG. 1, so that only the connecting lug 22 can be seen in the illustration in FIG. 2. This is guided through the frame 12 and electrically connected on the inside of the sandwich to the metallization of the one aluminum oxide plate 2. In particular, this terminal lug 22 is soldered on. For this purpose, it can be provided that the metallization of the aluminum oxide plate only extends beyond the edge of the heating element at the relevant point.

In der gleichen Weise wie die Anschlußfahne 22 ist auch die in der Fig. 2 nicht sichtbare Anschlußfahne 21 angeordnet und mit der in der Fig. 2 und mit der Metallisierung der in der Fig. 2 unteren Aluminiumoxidplatte 2 elektrisch verbunden.In the same way as the connecting lug 22, the connecting lug 21, which is not visible in FIG. 2, is arranged and electrically connected to that in FIG. 2 and to the metallization of the lower aluminum oxide plate 2 in FIG. 2.

Für die Aluminiumoxidplatten 2 empfiehlt sich eine Dicke zwischen 0,5 und 2 mm. Eine solch geringe Dicke bewirkt nur wenig Wärmewiderstand bei ohnehin guter Wärmeleitfähigkeit des A1203.A thickness between 0.5 and 2 mm is recommended for the aluminum oxide plates 2. Such a small thickness results in only little thermal resistance with an already good thermal conductivity of the A1 2 0 3 .

Voranstehend ist die Verwendung von Einbrennsilber als Metallisierungsschicht 11 auf den entsprechenden Oberflächen des Kaltleiter-Heizelements 1 angegeben. Vorzugsweise wird diese Metallisierung 11 aus Einbrennsilber in der Form einer Doppelschicht hergestellt. Zunächst wird auf den mit der Metallisierung 11 zu versehenden Oberseiten der Kaltleiterscheibe 1 eine erste Schicht aus Einbrennsilber In-Ga-Ag-Legierung (Nr. E 4106, Demetron) eingebrannt. Daraufhin wird dann Silber-Einbrenntinktur . (Nr. E 4100, Demetron) auf die bereits vorhandene Einbrennsilberschicht aus In-Ga-Ag aufgetragen und wiederum eingebrannt. Diese Doppelschicht aus Einbrennsilber eignet sich hervorragend für den weiteren Lötvorgang.The use of stoving silver as the metallization layer 11 on the corresponding surfaces of the thermistor heating element 1 is specified above. This metallization 11 is preferably produced from stoving silver in the form of a double layer. First, a first layer of baked-on silver In-Ga-Ag alloy (No. E 4106, Demetron) is baked onto the upper sides of the PTC thermistor 1 to be provided with the metallization 11. Then there is a silver branding tincture. (No. E 4100, Demetron) applied to the existing baking silver layer made of In-Ga-Ag and baked again. This double layer of stoving silver is ideal for the further soldering process.

Es ist festgestellt worden, daß bei Anwendung der voranstehend beschriebenen Einbrenn-Versilberung als Metallisierung 11 der Seiten der Kaltleiterscheibe 1 es erforderlich ist, nach der Durchführung der Einbrenn-Versilberung die Kaltleiterscheibe mit Metallisierungsschicht 11 zu tempern, und zwar bei Temperaturen zwischen 300° C und 400° C für die Dauer von etwa 12 Stunden (8 bis 14 Stunden). Anderenfalls - so wurde festgestellt - verliert das Kaltleitermaterial (Keramik-PTC-Material) der Scheibe 1 die starke Temperaturabhängigkeit seiner Leitfähigkeit.It has been found that when using the baking silvering described above as the metallization 11 of the sides of the PTC thermistor 1, it is necessary to anneal the PTC disc with the metallization layer 11 after carrying out the baking silvering, at temperatures between 300 ° C. and 400 ° C for about 12 hours (8 to 14 hours). Otherwise - it was found - the PTC thermistor material (ceramic PTC material) of the pane 1 loses the strong temperature dependence of its conductivity.

Claims (7)

1. A heating device having a plate-shaped cold conductor (ceramic PTC) heating element which is metallized on both its flat faces and is of sandwich formation, plates made of sintered aluminium oxide adjoining both flat faces of the heating element, characterised in that for a one-piece sandwich (Figure 1), the surfaces of the aluminium oxide plates (2), which are respectively located opposite the plate faces (11), are metallized so as to be solderable; that between the plate surfaces (11) and these metallized surfaces, a layer of ductile solder is in each case provided by means of which the heating element (1) and the aluminium oxide plates (2) are soldered to one another; and that the terminal tags (22, 23) are soldered to the aluminium oxide plates (2) by means of the solder.
2. A heating device as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the layer (4) made from ductile solder is held at a thickness of at least 0.1 mm.
3. A heating device as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the aluminium oxide plates (2) are so dimensioned as to project beyond the edges of the cold conductor heating element (1).
4. A heating device as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the edges of the aluminium plates (2) are connected to one another by a surrounding frame (12).
5. A heating device as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that the space present because of the projecting edges of the aluminium oxide plates (2) towards the cold conductor heating element, is filled with a heat-resistant synthetic resin of the frame (12).
6. A heating device as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the frame (12) is produced by spraying round with synthetic resin.
7. A heating device as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that when using fired on silver for the metallization of the plate faces 11 of the heating element 1, the plate 1 is annealed at between 300°C and 400°C for approximately 12 hours after the layers of stoving silver have been applied.
EP80105756A 1979-09-28 1980-09-24 Heating arrangement using a p.t.c. resistance heating element Expired EP0026457B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80105756T ATE5122T1 (en) 1979-09-28 1980-09-24 HEATING DEVICE WITH PTC thermistor HEATING ELEMENT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2939505 1979-09-28
DE2939505 1979-09-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0026457A2 EP0026457A2 (en) 1981-04-08
EP0026457A3 EP0026457A3 (en) 1981-04-15
EP0026457B1 true EP0026457B1 (en) 1983-10-19

Family

ID=6082213

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80105756A Expired EP0026457B1 (en) 1979-09-28 1980-09-24 Heating arrangement using a p.t.c. resistance heating element

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0026457B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5657289A (en)
AT (1) ATE5122T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3065380D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8105914A1 (en)

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US7667166B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2010-02-23 Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Heat-generating element of a heating device
US20200163161A1 (en) * 2017-05-05 2020-05-21 Eltek S.P.A. Electrical heating device, in particular with ptc effect

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US4783587A (en) * 1984-12-18 1988-11-08 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Self-regulating heating article having electrodes directly connected to a PTC layer
DE4405040C2 (en) * 1994-02-17 1997-09-25 Marcel Peter Hofsaes Electric heater
HU1068U (en) * 1996-12-09 1997-05-28 Fujas Heating element
JP2005040408A (en) 2003-07-24 2005-02-17 Olympus Corp Heating element
DE502005004135D1 (en) * 2005-09-23 2008-06-26 Catem Gmbh & Co Kg Heat generating element of a heating device
DE502006000793D1 (en) 2005-09-23 2008-07-03 Catem Gmbh & Co Kg Heat generating element of a heating device
US7576305B2 (en) 2006-09-22 2009-08-18 Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Heat-generating element of a heating device
DE502006003627D1 (en) 2006-10-25 2009-06-10 Catem Gmbh & Co Kg Heat generating element for an electric heater and method of making the same
EP2637475B9 (en) * 2012-03-08 2017-01-25 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Heat generating element
US9839072B2 (en) 2012-03-08 2017-12-05 Eberspacher Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Heat generating element with connection structure
EP2637474B1 (en) * 2012-03-08 2016-08-17 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Heat generating element
EP3273177B1 (en) 2016-07-18 2020-09-09 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Electric heating device
DE102016224296A1 (en) * 2016-12-06 2018-06-07 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg ELECTRIC HEATING DEVICE
FR3073116A1 (en) * 2017-10-30 2019-05-03 Valeo Systemes Thermiques HEATING UNIT COMPRISING A HEATING BLOCK OVERMOLDED BY A SEALING ELEMENT
EP3584808B1 (en) 2018-06-18 2021-10-06 Mahle International GmbH Ptc heating module for heating a fluid
DE102019204665A1 (en) * 2019-03-06 2020-09-10 Eberspächer catem Hermsdorf GmbH & Co. KG PTC heating element and an electric heating device
DE102020202508A1 (en) 2020-02-27 2021-09-02 Eberspächer catem Hermsdorf GmbH & Co. KG PTC heating device
DE102020113124A1 (en) * 2020-05-14 2021-11-18 Eberspächer catem Hermsdorf GmbH & Co. KG PTC heating cell and process for its manufacture
DE102020208643A1 (en) * 2020-07-09 2022-01-13 Eberspächer Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Heating cell and PTC heating device comprising such
DE102020120472A1 (en) * 2020-08-04 2022-02-10 Eberspächer catem Hermsdorf GmbH & Co. KG Method of manufacturing a PTC heating element and PTC heating element
DE102020120473A1 (en) * 2020-08-04 2022-02-10 Eberspächer catem Hermsdorf GmbH & Co. KG Method of manufacturing a PTC heating element and PTC heating element

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7667166B2 (en) 2005-09-23 2010-02-23 Catem Gmbh & Co. Kg Heat-generating element of a heating device
US20200163161A1 (en) * 2017-05-05 2020-05-21 Eltek S.P.A. Electrical heating device, in particular with ptc effect

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES495391A0 (en) 1981-06-16
ES8105914A1 (en) 1981-06-16
EP0026457A2 (en) 1981-04-08
DE3065380D1 (en) 1983-11-24
ATE5122T1 (en) 1983-11-15
EP0026457A3 (en) 1981-04-15
JPS5657289A (en) 1981-05-19

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