EP0026158A1 - Transformer with variable ratio and static compensator with flipflop - Google Patents

Transformer with variable ratio and static compensator with flipflop Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0026158A1
EP0026158A1 EP80810293A EP80810293A EP0026158A1 EP 0026158 A1 EP0026158 A1 EP 0026158A1 EP 80810293 A EP80810293 A EP 80810293A EP 80810293 A EP80810293 A EP 80810293A EP 0026158 A1 EP0026158 A1 EP 0026158A1
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Prior art keywords
transformer
control
variable ratio
winding
core
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EP80810293A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0026158B1 (en
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Gérald Roberge
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Hydro Quebec
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Hydro Quebec
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
    • H01F2029/143—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias with control winding for generating magnetic bias

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a control transformer which can be used in particular as or for the production of a transformer with variable transformation ratio as well as for the production of a static rocker compensator.
  • the subject of the present invention is a control transformer applying the general principle of the variable inductance for single-phase and three-phase circuits already described in European patent application No. 79400766.6 filed on October 19, 1979 in the name of the applicant and published April 30, 1980.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a control transformer which can advantageously be used as it is as a variable ratio transformer or which can be optionally coupled to a traditional transformer to form a variable ratio transformer where the load which the control transformer has to bear is dim cloud.
  • the first and second magnetic circuits are arranged with respect to each other so as to define at least two common magnetic spaces in which the respective alternating and continuous magnetic fields are superposed orthogonally to orient the magnetic dipoles of the common spaces in a direction predetermined by the intensity of the direct current magnetic field of the second circuit and thus controlling the permeability of the first magnetic field circuit in alternating field.
  • this control transformer can be coupled to a traditional transformer comprising N turns at the primary and N 2 turns at the secondary, N 1 and N 2 being chosen so as to respect the inequality
  • the respective primary and secondary are connected in series, thus forming the primary and secondary of a variable ratio transformer capable of withstanding heavy loads.
  • variable ratio transformer can be used in a three-phase circuit.
  • a variable ratio transformer is used for each phase.
  • Tertiary windings can be added to control transformers. These windings have the effect of filtering the flow of 3rd harmonic if the transformer is used in its saturation zone.
  • the three control transformers or the three traditional transformers can also be mounted in a single unit.
  • the control transformer illustrated in Figure 1 has a cylindrical core 1 whose circumference is a view developed for the purpose of simplification.
  • This core 1 comprises three legs 3, two rings 5 and a control core 7 perpendicular to the legs 3. From the mechanical point of view, the core 1 can be separated into several blocks in order to facilitate its construction, as described in detail. in the above-mentioned patent application No. 79400766.6.
  • the exact shape of the nucleus can be varied. However, certain specific characteristics can improve the performance of the transformer.
  • the sheets will preferably be tangent to the rings forming the core, by concentric superposition of the sheets, for example.
  • the bearing nuclei the continuous field will preferably cut the cores carrying the alternating field (by manufacturing the cores of the alternative in two parts fixed to the cores of the continuous, for example) or the two types of cores will intersect mutually (by alternating the two series of sheets in the common region).
  • the cross section of the cores of the continuous will be equal to or greater than that of the cores of the alternative.
  • the control transformer comprises three primary windings A-A ', B-B' and C-C 'and three secondary windings a-a', b-b 'and c-c'.
  • Each set of primary and secondary windings is located on a particular leg 3 of the core.
  • Each leg also carries a tertiary winding 4.
  • These three tertiary windings connected in delta, can be used to filter the flow of third harmonic, if the transformer must work in saturation zone.
  • a control winding 9 surrounds the control core 7.
  • This control transformer operates in a similar fashion to the variable inductance described in co-pending application No. 79400766.6. It is thus possible to vary the inductance of the alternating circuit and consequently the transformation ratio of the transformer by varying the current flowing in the control winding 9.
  • the control transformer illustrated in figure 1 can be used for the realization of a transformer variable ratio capable of supporting heavy loads.
  • This variable ratio transformer 10 comprises a control transformer 11 as previously described and a traditional transformer 13.
  • a single production phase with three-phase circuit is presented in FIG. 2, for the purpose of simplification.
  • the primary 15 of the control transformer 11, comprising n 1 turns, is connected in series with the primary 21 of the traditional transformer 13 comprising N 1 turns.
  • An alternating voltage source 25 is connected to the terminals of the primaries 15 and 21. The voltage Vp is measured there.
  • the secondary 17 of the control transformer 11, comprising n 2 turns, is connected in series with the secondary 23 of the traditional transformer 13, comprising N 2 turns.
  • a load 27 is connected to the terminals of the secondary 17 and 23. The voltage Vs is measured there.
  • variable ratio transformer it is necessary that be different from Indeed, if is equal to the control current has no effect on the load voltage.
  • the tertiary 19 of the control transformer 11 can be connected in delta with the tertiary of the other phases (not shown), depending on the operating range of the transformer. This connection reduces the flow of the third harmonic.
  • the control current Ic flowing in the control winding 9 is also measured.
  • variable ratio transformer can be applied to the production of a static rocker compensator 29.
  • the compen sator 29 comprises a control transformer 11 as previously described and a traditional transformer 31 having a socket 33 at N2 turns, a socket 35 at N 3 turns and a socket 37 at N 4 turns.
  • a return socket 39, at the secondary input of the control transformer, is also provided.
  • n 1 , n 29 N 1 , N 29 N 3 and N 4 are chosen so as to meet the following conditions: Note the inversion of the signs of inequality for N 2 and N 49 so as to reverse the action of the capacitive part with respect to the action of the inductive part. The equality in the case of N 3 makes it possible to put a load which is not subjected to the influence of the control current.
  • a fixed capacitor C is connected to the socket 33 and a fixed or variable inductance L to the socket 37, the return being common (socket 39).
  • this arrangement behaves like a load that can take a capacitive value or an inductive value depending on the magnitude of the control current.
  • the tertiary winding 19 can be used or omitted.
  • the static compensator at N 3 turns allows the connection of a load which would not be influenced by the control current. In this way, the compensator can also if used, and simultaneously, as a power transformer.
  • FIG. 5 An assembly illustrating the behavior of the static rocker compensator is presented in FIG. 5 and an oscillogram illustrating the results appears in FIG. 6.
  • variable ratio transformer is presented as a single unit.
  • a voltage Vp is applied to the primary, and a current Ip is measured.
  • the direct current Icc supplied by a source Vcc is applied to a control winding.
  • sockets V 1 , V 2 , V 3 and N correspond to sockets 33, 35, 37 and 39 of the circuit in Figure 4.
  • the inductance is crossed by the current I L , the resistive load R by Ir and the capacitor C by Ic.
  • a voltage step is applied to the source Vcc, supplying the control current, for approximately 5 cycles.
  • the following results were recorded: Changing the angle of the rear power factor: 0 to 35 °
  • the inductive current I L and the capacitive current Ic change immediately. This results in a variation of the angle of the factor of power.
  • This compensator is therefore functional.
  • the current Ir of the resistive load has not changed. It is therefore possible to use the same device both as a compensator and as a power transformer.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

Le présente invention concerne un transformateur à rapport de transformation variable. L'élément essentiel de ce transformateur à rapport variable est un transformateur de contrôle (11) qui lui-même comprend deux circuits magnétiques fermés, formés chacun d'un noyau ferromagnétique (3, 7). Un champ magnétique alternatif traverse le premier noyau (3), tandis qu'un champ magnétique continu circule dans le second noyau (7). Les deux circuits sont disposés de façon à définir au moins deux espaces magnétiques communs dans lesquels les champs se superposent orthogonalement. Le premier noyau (3) est entouré d'un enroulement primaire (n1), d'un enroulement secondaire (n2) et, dans certaines applications avec un circuit triphasé, d'un enroulement tertiaire (19). Un transformateur (31) traditionnel peut être associé au transformateur de contrôle (11) pour réduire la charge que doit supporter ce même transformateur de contrôle (11). Le transformateur à rapport variable selon l'invention peut être appliqué à un compensateur statique à bascule.The present invention relates to a transformer with variable transformation ratio. The essential element of this variable ratio transformer is a control transformer (11) which itself comprises two closed magnetic circuits, each formed by a ferromagnetic core (3, 7). An alternating magnetic field passes through the first core (3), while a continuous magnetic field flows through the second core (7). The two circuits are arranged so as to define at least two common magnetic spaces in which the fields overlap orthogonally. The first core (3) is surrounded by a primary winding (n1), a secondary winding (n2) and, in certain applications with a three-phase circuit, by a tertiary winding (19). A traditional transformer (31) can be associated with the control transformer (11) to reduce the load that must be borne by the same control transformer (11). The variable ratio transformer according to the invention can be applied to a static rocker compensator.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un transformateur de contrôle qui peut être notamment utilisé comme ou pour la réalisation d'un transformateur à rapport de transformation variable ainsi que pour la réalisation d'un compensateur statique à bascule.The present invention relates to a control transformer which can be used in particular as or for the production of a transformer with variable transformation ratio as well as for the production of a static rocker compensator.

Plus précisément, la présente invention a pour objet un transformateur de contrôle appliquant le principe général de l'inductance variable pour circuits monophasés et triphasés déjà décrite dans la demande européenne de brevet No. 79400766.6 déposée le 19 octobre 1979 au nom de la demanderesse et publiée le 30 avril 1980.More specifically, the subject of the present invention is a control transformer applying the general principle of the variable inductance for single-phase and three-phase circuits already described in European patent application No. 79400766.6 filed on October 19, 1979 in the name of the applicant and published April 30, 1980.

Il a maintenant été découvert qu'en dotant le noyau principal de l'inductance variable décrite dans cette demande d'un enroulement supplémentaire, il était possible d'étendre considérablement la gamme d'application de cette invention en particulier pour les circuits triphasés.It has now been discovered that by providing the main core of the variable inductor described in this application with an additional winding, it was possible to considerably extend the range of application of this invention, in particular for three-phase circuits.

La présente invention concerne donc un transformateur de contrôle qui peut avantageusement être utilisé tel quel comme transformateur à rapport variable ou qui peut être le cas échéant couplé à un transformateur traditionnel pour former un transformateur à rapport variable où la charge que doit supporter le transformateur de contrôle est diminuée.The present invention therefore relates to a control transformer which can advantageously be used as it is as a variable ratio transformer or which can be optionally coupled to a traditional transformer to form a variable ratio transformer where the load which the control transformer has to bear is dim cloud.

Le transformateur de contrôle selon l'invention comporte :

  • - un premier circuit magnétique fermé, formé d'un premier noyau ferromagnétique à travers lequel circule un champ magnétique alternatif, ce premier noyau ferromagnétique supportant un enroulement primaire de n1 tours et un enroulement secondaire de n2 tours, et
  • - un second circuit magnétique fermé, formé d'un second noyau ferromagnétique, à travers lequel circule un champ magnétique à courant continu réglable.
The control transformer according to the invention comprises:
  • a first closed magnetic circuit formed from a first ferromagnetic core through which an alternating magnetic field circulates, this first ferromagnetic core supporting a primary winding of n 1 turns and a secondary winding of n 2 turns, and
  • - a second closed magnetic circuit, formed of a second ferromagnetic core, through which a magnetic field with adjustable direct current flows.

Selon l'invention, les premier et second circuits magnétiques sont disposés l'un par rapport à l'autre de façon à définir au moins deux espaces magnétiques communs dans lesquels les champs magnétiques alternatif et continu respectifs se superposent orthogonalement pour orienter les dipôles magnétiques des espaces communs suivant une direction prédéterminée par l'intensité du champ magnétique à courant continu du second circuit et ainsi contrôler la perméabilité du premier circuit magnétique à champ alternatif.According to the invention, the first and second magnetic circuits are arranged with respect to each other so as to define at least two common magnetic spaces in which the respective alternating and continuous magnetic fields are superposed orthogonally to orient the magnetic dipoles of the common spaces in a direction predetermined by the intensity of the direct current magnetic field of the second circuit and thus controlling the permeability of the first magnetic field circuit in alternating field.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation particulière de l'invention, ce transformateur de contrôle peut être couplé à un transformateur traditionnel comportant N tours au primaire et N2 tours au secondaire, N1 et N2 étant choisis de façon à respecter l'inéquation

Figure imgb0001
According to a first particular embodiment of the invention, this control transformer can be coupled to a traditional transformer comprising N turns at the primary and N 2 turns at the secondary, N 1 and N 2 being chosen so as to respect the inequality
Figure imgb0001

Les primaires et secondaires respectifs sont reliés en série, formant ainsi les primaire et secondaire d'un transformateur à rapport variable capable de supporter de fortes charges.The respective primary and secondary are connected in series, thus forming the primary and secondary of a variable ratio transformer capable of withstanding heavy loads.

Ce type de transformateur à rapport variable peut être utilisé dans un circuit triphasé. Dans ce cas, un transformateur à rapport variable est employé pour chaque phase. Des enroulements tertiaires peuvent être ajoutés aux transformateurs de contrôle. Ces enroulements ont pour effet de filtrer le flux de 3ème harmonique si le transformateur est utilisé dans sa zone de saturation.This type of variable ratio transformer can be used in a three-phase circuit. In this case, a variable ratio transformer is used for each phase. Tertiary windings can be added to control transformers. These windings have the effect of filtering the flow of 3rd harmonic if the transformer is used in its saturation zone.

On peut également monter les trois transformateurs de contrôle ou les trois transformateurs traditionnels en une seule unité.The three control transformers or the three traditional transformers can also be mounted in a single unit.

Selon un second mode de réalisation particulière de l'invention, en ajoutant une prise au secondaire du transformateur à rapport variable précédemment décrit, on peut constituer un compensateur statique ayant un temps de réponse très court.According to a second particular embodiment of the invention, by adding a socket to the secondary of the variable ratio transformer previously described, it is possible to constitute a static compensator having a very short response time.

Le compensateur statique à bascule selon l'invention ainsi comprend :

  • - un transformateur à rapport variable présentant une première prise à N2 tours et une seconde prise à un nombre de tours N4 inférieur à N2 sur l'enroulement secondaire du transformateur traditionnel, n1, n2, N , N2 et N4 étant choisis de façon à ce que
    Figure imgb0002
  • - un condensateur relié d'un côté à l'une des prises et de l'autre côté à l'entrée du secondaire du transformateur de contrôle; et
  • - une inductance reliée d'un côté à l'autre des prises et de l'autre côté à l'entrée de secondaire du transformateur de contrôle.
The static tilting compensator according to the invention thus comprises:
  • - a variable ratio transformer having a first tap at N 2 turns and a second tap at a number of turns N 4 less than N 2 on the secondary winding of the traditional transformer, n 1 , n 2 , N, N 2 and N 4 being chosen so that
    Figure imgb0002
  • - a capacitor connected on one side to one of the sockets and on the other side to the secondary input of the control transformer; and
  • - an inductor connected on one side to the other of the sockets and on the other side to the secondary input of the transformer control.

La présente invention sera mieux comprise au moyen de la description d'exemples de réalisation donnés à titre non limitatif. Cette description sera faite en référence aux dessins annexés, où

  • la figure 1 représente une vue développée de la circonférence d'un transformateur de contrôle pour circuit triphasé; la figure 2 représente une phase d'un transformateur à rapport variable; la figure 3 représente un graphique donnant les résultats d'une application du transformateur à rapport variable illustré à la figure 2; la figure 4 représente une phase d'un compensateur statique à bascule; la figure 5 représente les connections à une phase du compensateur statique illustré à la figure 4; et la figure 6 représente un oscillogramme montrant les résultats d'une application du compensateur.
The present invention will be better understood by means of the description of exemplary embodiments given without limitation. This description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings, where
  • FIG. 1 represents a developed view of the circumference of a control transformer for a three-phase circuit; Figure 2 shows a phase of a variable ratio transformer; FIG. 3 represents a graph giving the results of an application of the variable ratio transformer illustrated in FIG. 2; FIG. 4 represents a phase of a static rocker compensator; FIG. 5 represents the connections to a phase of the static compensator illustrated in FIG. 4; and FIG. 6 represents an oscillogram showing the results of an application of the compensator.

Le transformateur de contrôle illustré à la figure 1 présente un noyau cylindrique 1 dont la circonférence est une vue développée dans un but de simplification. Ce noyau 1 comprend trois jambes 3, deux bagues 5 et un noyau de contrôle 7 perpendiculaire aux jambes 3. Du point de vue mécanique, le noyau 1 peut être séparé en plusieurs blocs afin d'en faciliter la construction, tel que décrit en détail dans la demande de brevet No. 79400766.6 ci-dessus mentionnée.The control transformer illustrated in Figure 1 has a cylindrical core 1 whose circumference is a view developed for the purpose of simplification. This core 1 comprises three legs 3, two rings 5 and a control core 7 perpendicular to the legs 3. From the mechanical point of view, the core 1 can be separated into several blocks in order to facilitate its construction, as described in detail. in the above-mentioned patent application No. 79400766.6.

La forme exacte du noyau peut être variée. Toutefois, certaines caractéristiques particulières peuvent améliorer les performances du transformateur. Les tôles seront préférablement tangentes aux anneaux formant le noyau, par superposition concentrique des tôles, par exemple. Les noyaux portant le champ continu couperont préférablement les noyaux portant le champ alternatif (en fabriquant les noyaux de l'alternatif en deux parties fixées aux noyaux du continu, par exemple) ou les deux types de noyaux s'entrecouperont mutuellement (en alternant les deux séries de tôles dans la région commune). La section droite des noyaux du continu sera égale ou plus grande que celle des noyaux de l'alternatif.The exact shape of the nucleus can be varied. However, certain specific characteristics can improve the performance of the transformer. The sheets will preferably be tangent to the rings forming the core, by concentric superposition of the sheets, for example. The bearing nuclei the continuous field will preferably cut the cores carrying the alternating field (by manufacturing the cores of the alternative in two parts fixed to the cores of the continuous, for example) or the two types of cores will intersect mutually (by alternating the two series of sheets in the common region). The cross section of the cores of the continuous will be equal to or greater than that of the cores of the alternative.

La présence d'une ouverture dans la région contenant les espaces magnétiques communs améliorera également les performances.The presence of an opening in the region containing the common magnetic spaces will also improve performance.

Evidemment, l'absence de ces caractéristiques réduira seulement l'efficacité du transformateur, sans en annuler les performances.Obviously, the absence of these characteristics will only reduce the efficiency of the transformer, without canceling its performance.

Le transformateur de contrôle comprend trois enroulements primaires A-A', B-B' et C-C' et trois enroulements secondaires a-a', b-b' et c-c'. Chaque ensemble d'enroulements primaire et secondaire est situé sur une jambe particulière 3 du noyau. Chaque jambe porte également un enroulement tertiaire 4. Ces trois enroulements tertiaires 4, reliés en delta, peuvent être employés pour filtrer le flux de troisième harmonique, si le transformateur doit travailler en zone de saturation.The control transformer comprises three primary windings A-A ', B-B' and C-C 'and three secondary windings a-a', b-b 'and c-c'. Each set of primary and secondary windings is located on a particular leg 3 of the core. Each leg also carries a tertiary winding 4. These three tertiary windings 4, connected in delta, can be used to filter the flow of third harmonic, if the transformer must work in saturation zone.

Un enroulement de contrôle 9 entoure le noyau de contrôle 7. Ce transformateur de contrôle fonctionne de façon semblable à l'inductance variable décrite dans la demande No. 79400766.6 en co-instance. On peut ainsi faire varier l'inductance du circuit alternatif et par conséquent le rapport de transformation du transformateur en variant le courant circulant dans l'enroulement de contrôle 9.A control winding 9 surrounds the control core 7. This control transformer operates in a similar fashion to the variable inductance described in co-pending application No. 79400766.6. It is thus possible to vary the inductance of the alternating circuit and consequently the transformation ratio of the transformer by varying the current flowing in the control winding 9.

Le transformateur de contrôle illustré sur la figure 1 peut être utilisé pour la réalisation d'un transformateur à rapport variable capable de supporter de fortes charges. Ce transformateur à rapport variable 10 comprend un transformateur de contrôle 11 tel que précédemment décrit et un transformateur traditionnel 13. Une seule phase de réalisation avec circuit triphasé est présentée à la figure 2, dans un but de simplification.The control transformer illustrated in figure 1 can be used for the realization of a transformer variable ratio capable of supporting heavy loads. This variable ratio transformer 10 comprises a control transformer 11 as previously described and a traditional transformer 13. A single production phase with three-phase circuit is presented in FIG. 2, for the purpose of simplification.

Le primaire 15 du transformateur de contrôle 11, comprenant n1 tours, est connecté en série avec le primaire 21 du transformateur traditionnel 13 comprenant N1 tours. Une source de tension alternative 25 est connectée aux bornes des primaires 15 et 21. On y mesure la tension Vp.The primary 15 of the control transformer 11, comprising n 1 turns, is connected in series with the primary 21 of the traditional transformer 13 comprising N 1 turns. An alternating voltage source 25 is connected to the terminals of the primaries 15 and 21. The voltage Vp is measured there.

Le secondaire 17 du transformateur de contrôle 11, comprenant n2 tours, est connecté en série avec le secondaire 23 du transformateur traditionnel 13, comprenant N2 tours. Une charge 27 est connectée aux bornes des secondaires 17 et 23. On y mesure la tension Vs.The secondary 17 of the control transformer 11, comprising n 2 turns, is connected in series with the secondary 23 of the traditional transformer 13, comprising N 2 turns. A load 27 is connected to the terminals of the secondary 17 and 23. The voltage Vs is measured there.

Il est à signaler que, dans le cas de ce transformateur à rapport variable, il faut que

Figure imgb0003
soit différent de
Figure imgb0004
En effet, si
Figure imgb0005
est égal à
Figure imgb0006
le courant de contrôle n'a pas d'effet sur la tension de la charge.It should be noted that, in the case of this variable ratio transformer, it is necessary that
Figure imgb0003
 be different from
Figure imgb0004
 Indeed, if
Figure imgb0005
 is equal to
Figure imgb0006
 the control current has no effect on the load voltage.

Le tertiaire 19 du transformateur de contrôle 11 peut être connecté en delta avec le tertiaire des autres phases (non représentées), selon la plage de fonctionnement du transformateur. Cette connexion permet de réduire le flux de troisième harmonique.The tertiary 19 of the control transformer 11 can be connected in delta with the tertiary of the other phases (not shown), depending on the operating range of the transformer. This connection reduces the flow of the third harmonic.

Le courant de contrôle Ic circulant dans l'enroulement de contrôle 9 est aussi mesuré.The control current Ic flowing in the control winding 9 is also measured.

Un graphique de la tension Vs en fonction du courant de contrôle Ic est présenté à la figure 3 pour diverses charges. Pour la réalisation de ce graphique, on a utilisé un transformateur à rapport variable dont les primaires étaient connectés en Y avec neutre à la masse et les secondaires en Y avec neutre flottant. Les tertiaires étaient ouverts et les conditions expérimentales les suivantes :

Figure imgb0007
Figure imgb0008

  • n2 = 48
  • n1 - 120
A graph of the voltage Vs as a function of the control current Ic is presented in FIG. 3 for various loads. For the realization of this graph, a variable ratio transformer was used, the primaries of which were connected in Y with ground neutral and the secondary in Y with floating neutral. The tertiary sector was open and the following experimental conditions:
Figure imgb0007
Figure imgb0008
  • n 2 = 48
  • # 1 - 120

Tension de saturation sur N1 = 500V (environ)Saturation voltage on N 1 = 500V (approximately)

Tension de saturation sur n1 = 65V

  • Vp = 100 Volts
  • Vs mesuré en Volts
  • Ic mesuré en Amp-tours c.c.
Saturation voltage on n1 = 65V
  • Vp = 100 Volts
  • Vs measured in Volts
  • Ic measured in Amp-turns cc

On peut voir, sur les courbes, que la tension Vs mesurée au secondaire varie selon la grandeur du courant de contrôle Ic. Il est aussi à remarquer que la nature capacitive ou inductive de la charge a une influence sur le sens de la variation.It can be seen on the curves that the voltage Vs measured at the secondary varies according to the magnitude of the control current Ic. It should also be noted that the capacitive or inductive nature of the load has an influence on the direction of the variation.

Tel qu'illustré à la figure 4, le transformateur à rapport variable précédemment décrit peut être appliqué à la réalisation d'un compensateur statique à bascule 29. Le compensateur 29 comprend un transformateur de contrôle 11 tel que précédemment décrit et un transformateur traditionnel 31 présentant une prise 33 à N2 tours, une prise 35 à N3 tours et une prise 37 à N4 tours. Une prise de retour 39, à l'entrée du secondaire du transformateur de contrôle, est aussi prévue. n1, n29 N1, N29 N3 et N4 sont choisis de façon à respecter les conditions suivantes :

Figure imgb0009
Il est à remarquer l'inversion des signes d'inégalité pour N2 et N49 de façon à inverser l'action de la partie capacitive par rapport à l'action de la partie inductive. L'égalité dans le cas de N3 permet de mettre une charge qui ne subisse pas l'influence du courant de contrôle.As illustrated in FIG. 4, the variable ratio transformer previously described can be applied to the production of a static rocker compensator 29. The compen sator 29 comprises a control transformer 11 as previously described and a traditional transformer 31 having a socket 33 at N2 turns, a socket 35 at N 3 turns and a socket 37 at N 4 turns. A return socket 39, at the secondary input of the control transformer, is also provided. n 1 , n 29 N 1 , N 29 N 3 and N 4 are chosen so as to meet the following conditions:
Figure imgb0009
 Note the inversion of the signs of inequality for N 2 and N 49 so as to reverse the action of the capacitive part with respect to the action of the inductive part. The equality in the case of N 3 makes it possible to put a load which is not subjected to the influence of the control current.

Un condensateur fixe C est relié à la prise 33 et une inductance fixe ou variable L à la prise 37, le retour étant commun (prise 39).A fixed capacitor C is connected to the socket 33 and a fixed or variable inductance L to the socket 37, the return being common (socket 39).

En variant l'intensité du courant de contrôle dans le transformateur de contrôle, on obtient une-augmentation du courant capacitif et une diminution du courant inductif ou vice-versa.By varying the intensity of the control current in the control transformer, one obtains an increase in the capacitive current and a decrease in the inductive current or vice versa.

Vu du primaire, cet arrangement se comporte comme une charge pouvant prendre une valeur capacitive ou une valeur inductive selon la grandeur du courant de contrôle.Seen from the primary, this arrangement behaves like a load that can take a capacitive value or an inductive value depending on the magnitude of the control current.

Selon la plage de régulation requise, l'enroulement tertiaire 19 peut être utilisé ou omis.Depending on the required regulation range, the tertiary winding 19 can be used or omitted.

La prise à N3 tours du compensateur statique permet la connexion d'une charge qui ne subirait pas l'influence du courant de contrôle. De cette façon, le compensateur peut aussi servir, et simultanément, de transformateur de puissance.Taking the static compensator at N 3 turns allows the connection of a load which would not be influenced by the control current. In this way, the compensator can also if used, and simultaneously, as a power transformer.

Un montage illustrant le comportement du compensateur statique à bascule est présenté à la figure 5 et un oscillogramme en illustrant les résultats apparaît à la figure 6.An assembly illustrating the behavior of the static rocker compensator is presented in FIG. 5 and an oscillogram illustrating the results appears in FIG. 6.

Dans ce montage, le transformateur à rapport variable se présente comme une seule unité.In this arrangement, the variable ratio transformer is presented as a single unit.

Une tension Vp est appliquée au primaire, et un courant Ip est mesuré.A voltage Vp is applied to the primary, and a current Ip is measured.

Le courant continu Icc fourni par une source Vcc est appliqué à un enroulement de contrôle.The direct current Icc supplied by a source Vcc is applied to a control winding.

Du côté du secondaire, des prises V1, V2, V3 et N correspondent aux prises 33, 35, 37 et 39 du circuit de la figure 4.On the secondary side, sockets V 1 , V 2 , V 3 and N correspond to sockets 33, 35, 37 and 39 of the circuit in Figure 4.

L'inductance est traversée par le courant IL, la charge résistive R par Ir et le condensateur C par Ic.The inductance is crossed by the current I L , the resistive load R by Ir and the capacitor C by Ic.

Un échelon de tension est appliqué à la source Vcc, fournissant le courant de contrôle, durant 5 cycles environ. Les résultats suivants ont été enregistrés :

Figure imgb0010
Modification de l'angle du facteur de puissance arrière : 0 à 35°A voltage step is applied to the source Vcc, supplying the control current, for approximately 5 cycles. The following results were recorded:
Figure imgb0010
 Changing the angle of the rear power factor: 0 to 35 °

Comme on peut le constater, dès que l'échelon est appliqué, les courants inductif IL et capacitif Ic changent immédiatement. Il en résulte une variation de l'angle du facteur de puissance. Ce compensateur est donc fonctionnel. De plus, on constate que le courant Ir de la charge résistive n'a pas changé. Il est donc possible d'utiliser le même appareil à la fois comme compensateur et comme transformateur de puissance.As can be seen, as soon as the step is applied, the inductive current I L and the capacitive current Ic change immediately. This results in a variation of the angle of the factor of power. This compensator is therefore functional. In addition, it can be seen that the current Ir of the resistive load has not changed. It is therefore possible to use the same device both as a compensator and as a power transformer.

Claims (13)

1. Transformateur de contrôle comportant un premier circuit magnétique fermé, formé d'un premier noyau ferromagnétique (3) à travers lequel circule un champ magnétique alternatif, ledit premier noyau ferromagnétique (3) supportant un enroulement primaire de n1 tours et un enroulement secondaire de n2 tours, et un second circuit magnétique fermé, formé d'un second noyau ferromagnétique (7), à travers lequel circule un champ magnétique à courant continu réglable,
caractérisé en ce que lesdits premier et second circuits magnétiques sont disposés l'un par rapport à l'autre, de façon à définir au moins deux espaces magnétiques communs dans lesquels les champs magnétiques alternatif et continu respectifs se superposent orthogonalement pour orienter les dipôles magnétiques desdits espaces communs suivant une direction prédéterminée par l'intensité dudit champ magnétique à courant continu du second circuit et pour contrôler ainsi la perméabilité dudit premier circuit magnétique audit champ alternatif.1. Control transformer comprising a first closed magnetic circuit, formed by a first ferromagnetic core (3) through which an alternating magnetic field flows, said first ferromagnetic core (3) supporting a primary winding of n 1 turns and a secondary winding of n 2 turns, and a second closed magnetic circuit, formed of a second ferromagnetic core (7), through which a magnetic field with adjustable direct current flows,
characterized in that said first and second magnetic circuits are arranged in relation to each other, so as to define at least two common magnetic spaces in which the respective alternating and continuous magnetic fields are superposed orthogonally to orient the magnetic dipoles of said common spaces in a direction predetermined by the intensity of said direct current magnetic field of the second circuit and thereby controlling the permeability of said first magnetic circuit to said alternating field. 2. Transformateur à rapport variable,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un transformateur (13) de type traditionnel comportant un enroulement primaire de K1 tours et un enroulement secondaire de N2 tours, et un transformateur de contrôle (11) tel que défini dans la revendication 1, dont l'enroulement primaire (n1) est relié en série à l'enroulement primaire (N1) du transformateur traditionnel et l'enroulement secondaire (n2) est relié en série à l'enroulement secondaire (N2) du transformateur traditionnel, lesdits enroulements primaire et secondaire des transformateurs traditionnel et de contrôle étant choisis de façon que le rapport
Figure imgb0011
soit différent du rapport
Figure imgb0012
, lesdits enroulements primaire et secondaire formant ensemble le primaire et le secondaire dudit transformateur (11) à rapport variable, ledit rapport étant contrôlé par le courant dudit champ magnétique continu.2. Variable ratio transformer,
characterized in that it comprises a transformer (13) of the traditional type comprising a primary winding of K1 turns and a secondary winding of N 2 turns, and a control transformer (11) as defined in claim 1, whose primary winding (n 1 ) is connected in series to the primary winding (N 1 ) of the traditional transformer and the secondary winding (n 2 ) is connected in series to the secondary winding (N 2 ) of the traditional transformer, said windings primary and secondary transformers traditional and control being chosen fa lesson that the report
Figure imgb0011
 be different from the ratio
Figure imgb0012
 , said primary and secondary windings together forming the primary and secondary of said variable ratio transformer (11), said ratio being controlled by the current of said continuous magnetic field. 3. Transformateur à rapport variable pour circuit triphasé,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un transformateur à rapport variable selon la revendication 2 pour chacune de ses phases, les transformateurs de contrôle comportant un enroulement tertiaire (19), lesdits enroulements tertiaires des trois transformateurs de contrôle étant reliés en delta.3. Variable ratio transformer for three-phase circuit,
characterized in that it comprises a variable ratio transformer according to claim 2 for each of its phases, the control transformers comprising a tertiary winding (19), said tertiary windings of the three control transformers being connected in delta. 4. Transformateur à rapport variable pour circuit triphasé selon la revendication 3,
caractérisé en ce que les transformateurs (11) de contrôle sont montés en une seule unité, l'enroulement (9) de contrôle étant unique.4. variable ratio transformer for three-phase circuit according to claim 3,
characterized in that the control transformers (11) are mounted in a single unit, the control winding (9) being unique. 5. Transformateur à rapport variable pour circuit triphasé selon la revendication 3 ou 4,
caractérisé en ce que les transformateurs traditionnels (13) sont montés en une seule unité.5. Variable ratio transformer for three-phase circuit according to claim 3 or 4,
characterized in that the traditional transformers (13) are mounted in a single unit. 6. Compensateur statique à bascule,
caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un transformateur à rapport variable tel que défini dans la revendication 2, ledit transformateur à rapport variable présentant une première prise à N2 tours et une seconde prise à un nombre de tours N4 inférieur à N2 sur l'enroulement secondaire de transformateur traditionnel (31, fig.4), nl, n2, N1, N2 et N4 étant choisis de façon que
Figure imgb0013
un condensateur (C) relié d'un côté à l'une (33) des prises et de l'autre côté à l'entrée du secondaire (n2) du transformateur de contrôle (11); et une inductance (L) reliée d'un côté à l'autre (37) des prises et de l'autre à l'entrée du secondaire (n2) du transformateur de contrôle.6. Static tilting compensator,
characterized in that it comprises a variable ratio transformer as defined in claim 2, said variable ratio transformer having a first tap at N 2 turns and a second tap at a number of turns N 4 less than N 2 over l secondary winding of traditional transformer (31, fig. 4), n l , n 2 , N 1 , N 2 and N 4 being choose so that
Figure imgb0013
 a capacitor (C) connected on one side to one (33) of the sockets and on the other side to the secondary input (n 2 ) of the control transformer (11); and an inductor (L) connected from one side to the other (37) of the sockets and on the other to the secondary input (n 2 ) of the control transformer. 7. Compensateur statique selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le transformateur à rapport variable comporte une troisième prise (35) à un nombre de tours N3 compris entre N2 et N4 sur l'enroulement secondaire de son transformateur traditionnel (31), N3 étant choisi de façon à respecter l'équation
Figure imgb0014
 7. Static compensator according to claim 6, characterized in that the variable ratio transformer has a third tap (35) at a number of turns N3 between N 2 and N4 on the secondary winding of its traditional transformer (31), N 3 being chosen so as to respect the equation
Figure imgb0014
 8. Compensateur statique pour circuit triphasé, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un compensateur statique selon la revendication 6 ou 7 pour chacune des phases, les transformateurs de contrôle comportant chacun un enroulement tertiaire (19), lesdits enroulements tertiaires (19) des trois transformateurs de contrôle étant reliés en delta.8. Static compensator for three-phase circuit, characterized in that it comprises a static compensator according to claim 6 or 7 for each of the phases, the control transformers each comprising a tertiary winding (19), said tertiary windings (19) of the three control transformers being connected in delta. 9. Transformateur selon la revendication 1, où lesdits espaces magnétiques communs ont des ouvertures.9. The transformer of claim 1, wherein said common magnetic spaces have openings. 10. Transformateur selon la revendication 1, où les noyaux forment des anneaux et comprennent une série de feuilles de tôle concentriques et tangentes aux anneaux.10. The transformer of claim 1, wherein the cores form rings and comprise a series of sheets of sheet metal concentric and tangent to the rings. 11. Transformateur selon la revendication 1, où la section droite du premier noyau est inférieure à celle du second noyau.11. The transformer of claim 1, wherein the cross section of the first core is less than that of the second core. 12. Transformateur selon la revendication 1, où le premier noyau est fait de deux demi anneaux fixés sur le second noyau.12. The transformer as claimed in claim 1, in which the first core is made of two half-rings fixed on the second core. 13. Compensateur statique selon la revendication 6, où ladite inductance est variable.13. Static compensator according to claim 6, wherein said inductance is variable.
EP80810293A 1979-09-19 1980-09-18 Transformer with variable ratio and static compensator with flipflop Expired EP0026158B1 (en)

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CA335,971A CA1126357A (en) 1979-09-19 1979-09-19 Variable ratio transformer and static compensator
CA335971 1979-09-19

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US5001649A (en) * 1987-04-06 1991-03-19 Alcon Laboratories, Inc. Linear power control for ultrasonic probe with tuned reactance
US5523673A (en) * 1994-03-04 1996-06-04 Marelco Power Systems, Inc. Electrically controllable inductor
EP0969486A4 (en) * 1997-12-17 2001-03-07 Tohoku Electric Power Co Flux-controlled variable tranformer
TW535175B (en) * 2000-10-16 2003-06-01 Primarion Inc System and method for orthogonal inductance variation
NO322286B1 (en) * 2004-12-23 2006-09-11 Magtech As Device and method for reducing harmonics in a three-phase power supply
TW201117543A (en) * 2009-11-06 2011-05-16 Green Solution Tech Co Ltd Power supply converter
JP4800451B1 (en) * 2011-06-10 2011-10-26 株式会社精電製作所 High frequency transformer
US9343996B2 (en) 2014-02-04 2016-05-17 Pavel Dourbal Method and system for transmitting voltage and current between a source and a load

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US2844804A (en) * 1955-07-06 1958-07-22 Letourneau Westinghouse Compan Control transformer
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US3757201A (en) * 1972-05-19 1973-09-04 L Cornwell Electric power controlling or regulating system
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FR991932A (en) * 1949-08-04 1951-10-11 Asea Ab Transducer
FR1124831A (en) * 1955-05-18 1956-10-18 Femarc Magnetic shunt transformer adjustable by auto-saturation
US2844804A (en) * 1955-07-06 1958-07-22 Letourneau Westinghouse Compan Control transformer
US3087108A (en) * 1957-01-03 1963-04-23 Dominic S Toffolo Flux switching transformer
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US3757201A (en) * 1972-05-19 1973-09-04 L Cornwell Electric power controlling or regulating system
FR2369621A1 (en) * 1976-10-06 1978-05-26 Inst Elektroswarki Patona Multi-range voltage regulator and stabiliser - avoids current interruption and voltage surge on range changing and gives continuous wide range control
GB2029116A (en) * 1978-08-28 1980-03-12 Hase A Regulating transformer with magnetic shunt

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CA1126357A (en) 1982-06-22
DE3066610D1 (en) 1984-03-22
US4445082A (en) 1984-04-24
EP0026158B1 (en) 1984-02-15

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