EP0022154B1 - Device for non-cutting manufacture of metallic bevel wheels - Google Patents

Device for non-cutting manufacture of metallic bevel wheels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0022154B1
EP0022154B1 EP80102323A EP80102323A EP0022154B1 EP 0022154 B1 EP0022154 B1 EP 0022154B1 EP 80102323 A EP80102323 A EP 80102323A EP 80102323 A EP80102323 A EP 80102323A EP 0022154 B1 EP0022154 B1 EP 0022154B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diameter
die
collar
run
control collar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80102323A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0022154A1 (en
Inventor
Herbert Dipl.-Ing. Leykamm
Siegfried Knabel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KM Kabelmetal AG
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KM Kabelmetal AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KM Kabelmetal AG filed Critical KM Kabelmetal AG
Publication of EP0022154A1 publication Critical patent/EP0022154A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0022154B1 publication Critical patent/EP0022154B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the non-cutting production of metallic bevel gears from cylindrical raw parts, for example made of steel, according to the preamble of claim 1 and claim 2.
  • a device according to the preamble of claim 1 or claim 2 is known from DE-C3-2446413.
  • the diameter of the press ram is selected so that it is approximately the same Penetration circle of partial cone and small truncated cone surface with a maximum deviation of 20%.
  • the control sleeve has a truncated cone-shaped projection which projects into the interior of the die and corresponds to the envelope of the conical tooth heads of the die.
  • the ram diameter also determines the diameter of the cylindrical blank to be used. According to the teaching of DE-C3-2446413, this sits on the tooth flanks of the die, which leads to increased wear of the die.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a device for the non-cutting manufacture of bevel gears, which does not have such increased tool wear and makes it possible to produce a largely finished bevel gear in one work step, without taking into account a preform of the raw part that is to be specially manufactured.
  • the shoulder of the control sleeve can penetrate deep into the interior of the die form and thus ensure a material flow which ensures that the die is completely filled.
  • the main advantage of the device according to the invention can be seen in the fact that its characteristic design not only results in a largely finished wheel in one forming step, but also that only a small amount of material has to be deposited on the wheel side with the large diameter and thus raw parts of lower weight can be used.
  • the inner diameter of the control sleeve is chosen approximately equal to the diameter of the smallest tooth root circle, but it can also be selected smaller.
  • the buckling load of the unmachined part is to be regarded as the lower limit of the diameter.
  • the length of the spline-like outlet should correspond at least to the length L ( Figure 1) measured on the gear.
  • control sleeve is supported by springs during the entire pressing process relative to the press ram and is rigidly connected to the latter at the end of the pressing process.
  • the control sleeve protrudes into the cavity of the die almost throughout the entire pressing process, namely until the main amount of the material mass making up the gear body is predistributed.
  • the control hatch is pushed back by the backward flowing material under pre-tensioning of the springs, namely up to a stop, in order then to be rigidly connected to the press ram to shape the gear true to the contour.
  • FIG. 1 shows a tool structure according to the teaching of the invention
  • FIGS. 2 and 4 show a detail section
  • FIG. 3 shows a section through the spline-like outlet.
  • FIG. 1 shows the state before the start of the pressing
  • the right half of the figure shows the state towards the end of the pressing process.
  • the pressing tool essentially consists of parts 1 and 2, which are referred to below as the upper tool and lower tool, but part 1 can also be used as a lower tool and part 2 as an upper tool.
  • Part 1 - the die - carries the toothing 3 for a bevel gear and has a bore 4 in which an ejector (not shown) is arranged.
  • the tooth form 3 of the die 1 has a cylindrical spline-like outlet 5.
  • the tool part 2 consists of the press ram 6, which is fixedly attached to the tool part 2 and the control sleeve 7, which is slidably attached to the press ram 6 via springs 8 on the tool part 2.
  • the control sleeve 7 carries an extension 9, which consists of a cylindrical part 10 and a conical part 11.
  • the tool parts 1 and 2 are moved against one another, the attachment 9 on the control sleeve 7 penetrating into the mold cavity of the die 1. (see left half of Figure 1).
  • the material of the blank 12 is pressed radially outwards and thereby penetrates into the toothing 3. If the die space and the teeth 3 are filled so far that the on the end face of the approach 9 acting force can overcome the metered spring force acting on them, the stop surfaces 13 move towards each other. After the two stop surfaces 13 have touched (see right half of FIG. 1), the now rigid tool is moved against one another until the workpiece has reached its intended shape.
  • the shoulder 9 presses on the preformed bevel gear and presses the material into areas of the tooth shape 3 that may not yet have been filled. Since the finished bevel gear must be machined on the dashed line 14 anyway, the exit of any excess material at this point means no special operation.
  • Figure 2 shows another embodiment of the approach 9, and in this embodiment the approach 9 carries a toothing 15 penetrating into the toothing 3, the outer diameter of the toothing 3.
  • the shoulder can be conical or cylindrical-planar, it can also correspond to the Back part of the gear wheel should be formed (see Figure 4, dashed lines).
  • FIG. 3 shows a section through the die 1 in the area of the cylindrical outlet 5, from which it can be seen that there is a toothing in area 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum spanlosen Herstellen von metallischen Kegelzahnrädern aus zylindrischen Rohteilen, beispielsweise aus Stahl, gemäß Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 bzw. Anspruch 2.The invention relates to a device for the non-cutting production of metallic bevel gears from cylindrical raw parts, for example made of steel, according to the preamble of claim 1 and claim 2.

Eine Vorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 bzw. Anspruch 2 ist aus der DE-C3-2446413 bekannt. Um zu erreichen, daß zylindrische Rohteile ohne weitere vorbereitende Maßnahmen zu einem vollständigen Kegelrad gepreßt werden können, wobei ein Ausfüllen des kleinen Verzahnungsbereiches der Matrize mit Preßwerkstoff bei vertretbaren Preßdrücken mit Sicherheit gewährleistet wird, ist der Durchmesser des Preßstempels so ausgewählt, daß er in etwa dem Durchdringungskreis von Teilkegel und kleiner Kegelstumpffläche mit einer maximalen Abweichung von 20% entspricht. Des weiteren besitzt die Steuerhülse einen in den Innenraum der Matrize hineinragenden kegelstumpfförmigen Ansatz, der der Einhüllenden der Kegelzahnköpfe der Matrize entspricht. Der Preßstempeldurchmesser bestimmt auch den Durchmesser des einzusetzenden zylindrischen Rohteiles. Dieses sitzt entsprechend der Lehre der DE-C3-2446413 auf den Zahnflanken der Matrize auf, was zu einem erhöhten Verschleiß der Matrize führt.A device according to the preamble of claim 1 or claim 2 is known from DE-C3-2446413. In order to ensure that cylindrical raw parts can be pressed to a complete bevel gear without further preparatory measures, filling the small toothed area of the die with press material with acceptable pressures being guaranteed with certainty, the diameter of the press ram is selected so that it is approximately the same Penetration circle of partial cone and small truncated cone surface with a maximum deviation of 20%. Furthermore, the control sleeve has a truncated cone-shaped projection which projects into the interior of the die and corresponds to the envelope of the conical tooth heads of the die. The ram diameter also determines the diameter of the cylindrical blank to be used. According to the teaching of DE-C3-2446413, this sits on the tooth flanks of the die, which leads to increased wear of the die.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zum spanlosen Herstellen von Kegelzahnrädern anzugeben, die einen solchen erhöhten Werkzeugverschleiß nicht aufweist und es möglich macht, in einem Arbeitsschritt ein weitgehend fertiggeformtes Kegelzahnrad herzustellen, ohne Berücksichtigung einer besonders herzustellenden Vorform des Rohteils.The present invention has for its object to provide a device for the non-cutting manufacture of bevel gears, which does not have such increased tool wear and makes it possible to produce a largely finished bevel gear in one work step, without taking into account a preform of the raw part that is to be specially manufactured.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß Kennzeichen von Anspruch 1 bzw. von Anspruch 2 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the characteristics of claim 1 and claim 2.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Preßwerkzeugs kann der Ansatz der Steuerhülse tief in das Innere der Matrizenform eindringen und somit für einen Stofffluß sorgen, der eine vollständige Ausfüllung der Matrize gewährleistet. Der wesentliche Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ist darin zu sehen, daß durch ihre kennzeichnende Ausgestaltung nicht nur in einem Umformarbeitsschritt ein weitgehend fertiggeformtes Rad entsteht, sondern daß auch auf der Radseite mit dem großen Durchmesser eine nur geringfügige Stoffübermenge angelagert werden muß und somit Rohteile von geringerem Gewicht eingesetzt werden können.Due to the configuration of the pressing tool according to the invention, the shoulder of the control sleeve can penetrate deep into the interior of the die form and thus ensure a material flow which ensures that the die is completely filled. The main advantage of the device according to the invention can be seen in the fact that its characteristic design not only results in a largely finished wheel in one forming step, but also that only a small amount of material has to be deposited on the wheel side with the large diameter and thus raw parts of lower weight can be used.

Die gleichen Vorteile können mit einer Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 2 erzielt werden.The same advantages can be achieved with a device according to claim 2.

Nach Anspruch 1 bzw. Anspruch 2 ist der Innendurchmesser der Steuerhülse annähernd gleich dem Durchmesser des kleinsten Verzahnungsfußkreises gewählt, er kann aber auch kleiner gewählt werden. Als untere Begrenzung des Durchmessers ist die Knicklast des Rohteils anzusehen. Die Länge des keilwellenähnlichen Auslaufes sollte mindestens der Länge L (Figur 1), am Zahnrad gemessen, entsprechen.According to claim 1 or claim 2, the inner diameter of the control sleeve is chosen approximately equal to the diameter of the smallest tooth root circle, but it can also be selected smaller. The buckling load of the unmachined part is to be regarded as the lower limit of the diameter. The length of the spline-like outlet should correspond at least to the length L (Figure 1) measured on the gear.

Nach einem weiteren Gedanken der Erfindung ist in an sich bekannter Weise, vergleiche US-A-3 842 646, vorgesehen, daß die Steuerhülse nahezu während des gesamten Preßvorganges gegenüber dem Preßstempel über Federn gelagert ist und gegen Ende des Preßvorganges starr mit diesem verbunden ist. Die Steuerhülse ragt mit ihrem Ansatz nahezu während des gesamten Preßvorganges in den Hohlraum der Matrize hinein, und zwar so lange, bis die Hauptmenge der den Zahnradkörper ausmachenden Werkstoffmasse vorverteilt ist. Gegen Ende des Umformvorganges wird die Steuerhütse durch den rückwärtsfließenden Werkstoff unter Vorspannung der Federn zurückgedrückt, und zwar bis zu einem Anschlag, um dann starr mit dem Preßstempel verbunden, das Zahnrad konturgetreu zu formen.According to a further idea of the invention, in a manner known per se, compare US Pat. No. 3,842,646, it is provided that the control sleeve is supported by springs during the entire pressing process relative to the press ram and is rigidly connected to the latter at the end of the pressing process. With its approach, the control sleeve protrudes into the cavity of the die almost throughout the entire pressing process, namely until the main amount of the material mass making up the gear body is predistributed. Towards the end of the forming process, the control hatch is pushed back by the backward flowing material under pre-tensioning of the springs, namely up to a stop, in order then to be rigidly connected to the press ram to shape the gear true to the contour.

Die Erfindung ist anhand des in den Figuren 1 bis 4 schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiment shown schematically in FIGS. 1 to 4.

Die Figur 1 zeigt einen Werkzeugaufbau gemäß der Lehre der Erfindung, die Figur 2 und 4 einen Detailausschnitt und die Figur 3 einen Schnitt durch den keilwellenähnlichen Auslauf.FIG. 1 shows a tool structure according to the teaching of the invention, FIGS. 2 and 4 show a detail section and FIG. 3 shows a section through the spline-like outlet.

Die linke Hälfte der Figur 1 zeigt den Zustand vor Beginn des Pressens, die rechte Hälfte der Figur den Zustand gegen Ende des Preßvorgangs.The left half of FIG. 1 shows the state before the start of the pressing, the right half of the figure shows the state towards the end of the pressing process.

Das Preßwerkzeug besteht im wesentlichen aus den Teilen 1 und 2, die im nachfolgenden als Oberwerkzeug und Unterwerkzeug bezeichnet sind, wobei jedoch auch das Teil 1 als Unterwerkzeug und das Teil 2 als Oberwerkzeug verwendet werden können. Das Teil 1 - die Matrize - trägt die Verzahnung 3 für ein Kegelzahnrad und weist eine Bohrung 4 auf, in welcher ein nicht mehr dargestellter Auswerfer angeordnet ist. Die Zahnform 3 der Matrize 1 weist einen zylindrischen keilwellenähnlichen Auslauf 5 auf.The pressing tool essentially consists of parts 1 and 2, which are referred to below as the upper tool and lower tool, but part 1 can also be used as a lower tool and part 2 as an upper tool. Part 1 - the die - carries the toothing 3 for a bevel gear and has a bore 4 in which an ejector (not shown) is arranged. The tooth form 3 of the die 1 has a cylindrical spline-like outlet 5.

Das Werkzeugteil 2 besteht aus dem Preßstempel 6, der fest an dem Werkzeugteil 2 befestigt ist und der Steuerhülse 7, die über Federn 8 an dem Werkzeugteil 2 verschieblich zu dem Preßstempel 6 befestigt ist. Die Steuerhülse 7 trägt einen Ansatz 9, welcher aus einem zylindrisch verlaufenden Teil 10 sowie einem konisch verlaufenden Teil 11 besteht.The tool part 2 consists of the press ram 6, which is fixedly attached to the tool part 2 and the control sleeve 7, which is slidably attached to the press ram 6 via springs 8 on the tool part 2. The control sleeve 7 carries an extension 9, which consists of a cylindrical part 10 and a conical part 11.

Nach dem Einlegen des Rohteils 12 werden die Werkzeugteile 1 und 2 gegeneinandergefahren, wobei der Ansatz 9 an der Steuerhülse 7 in den Formhohlraum der Matrize 1 eindringt. (s. linke Hälfte der Figur 1). Beim weiteren Gegeneinanderfahren der Werkzeugteile 1 und 2 wird der Werkstoff des Rohteils 12 radial nach außen gepreßt und dringt dabei in die Verzahnung 3 ein. Wenn der Gesenkraum und die Verzahnung 3 so weit gefüllt sind, daß die auf die Stirnfläche des Ansatzes 9 wirkende Kraft die auf sie wirkende dosierte Federkraft überwinden kann, bewegen sich die Anschlagflächen 13 aufeinander zu. Nachdem sich die beiden Anschlagflächen 13 berührt haben (s. rechte Hälfte der Figur 1), wird das nunmehr starre Werkzeug noch so weit gegeneinandergefahren, bis das Werkstück seine vorgesehene Form erreicht hat. Dabei drückt der Ansatz 9 auf das vorgeformte Kegelzahnrad und drückt den Werkstoff in unter Umständen noch nicht ausgefüllte Bereiche der Zahnform 3. Ein etwa vorhandener Werkstoff- überschuß tritt zwischen den Zähnen des keilwellenförmigen Ansatzes 5 aus. Da das fertig geformte Kegelzahnrad ohnehin an der gestrichelt dargestellten Linie 14 spanend bearbeitet werden muß, bedeutet der Austritt evtl. überschüssigen Werkstoffs an dieser Stelle keinen besonderen Arbeitsgang.After inserting the blank 12, the tool parts 1 and 2 are moved against one another, the attachment 9 on the control sleeve 7 penetrating into the mold cavity of the die 1. (see left half of Figure 1). When the tool parts 1 and 2 move further against each other, the material of the blank 12 is pressed radially outwards and thereby penetrates into the toothing 3. If the die space and the teeth 3 are filled so far that the on the end face of the approach 9 acting force can overcome the metered spring force acting on them, the stop surfaces 13 move towards each other. After the two stop surfaces 13 have touched (see right half of FIG. 1), the now rigid tool is moved against one another until the workpiece has reached its intended shape. The shoulder 9 presses on the preformed bevel gear and presses the material into areas of the tooth shape 3 that may not yet have been filled. Since the finished bevel gear must be machined on the dashed line 14 anyway, the exit of any excess material at this point means no special operation.

Die Figur 2 zeigt eine andere Ausgestaltung des Ansatzes 9, und zwar trägt bei dieser Ausführungsform der Ansatz 9 eine in die Verzahnung 3 eindringende Verzahnung 15, deren Außendurchmesser der Verzahnung 3. Der Ansatz kann konisch oder zylindrisch-plan sein, er kann auch entsprechend der Rückenpartie des Zahnrades ausgebildet sein (s. Figur 4, gestrichelte Linien).Figure 2 shows another embodiment of the approach 9, and in this embodiment the approach 9 carries a toothing 15 penetrating into the toothing 3, the outer diameter of the toothing 3. The shoulder can be conical or cylindrical-planar, it can also correspond to the Back part of the gear wheel should be formed (see Figure 4, dashed lines).

In der Figur 3 ist ein Schnitt durch die Matrize 1 im Bereich des zylindrischen Auslaufes 5 dargestellt, anhand der ersichtlich ist, daß im Bereich 5 eine Verzahnung vorhanden ist.FIG. 3 shows a section through the die 1 in the area of the cylindrical outlet 5, from which it can be seen that there is a toothing in area 5.

Claims (4)

1. Device for manufacturing metallic bevel gears from cylindrical blanks (12), for example form steel blanks, by a shaping process not involving metalcutting, this device comprising a female die (1), a pressing plunger (6), and a control collar (7), this collar coaxially surrounding the pressing plunger (6) and being capable of being pressed backwards by the material of the blank (12), this material filling the die (1), and this collar (7) possessing a conical extension-piece (9) which penetrates, at least partially, into the die space, the cone-angle (11) of this conical extension-piece (9) corresponding to approximately the angle of the flanks of the tooth-system of the female die (1), which form the dedendum taper of the bevel gear, the internal diamteter of the control collar (7), the external diameter of the pressing plunger (6), and the external diameter of the blank (12) being almost identical, characterised in that the tooth-system (3) of the female die (1) exhibits a parallel run-out (5) in the zone of the large bevel-gear diameter, this run-out resembling a splined shaft, and the extension-piece (9) of the control collar (7) possesses a parallel portion (10) and, adjoining it, the portion (11) which runs conically, the diameter of the parallel portion (10) being slighly smaller than the diameter of the run-out (5) which resembles a splined shaft, and the internal diameter of the control collar (7) being approximately equal to the diameter of the smallest dedendum circle of the tooth-system.
2. Device for manufacturing metallic bevel gears from cylindrical blanks (12), for example from steel blanks, by a shaping process not involving metal-cutting, this device comprising a femme die (1), a pressing plunger (6), and a control collar (7), this collar coaxially surrounding the pressing plunger (6) and being capable of being pressed backwarks by the material of the blank (12), this material filling the die (1), and this collar (7) possessing a conical extension-piece (11) which penetrates into the die space, the internal diameter of the control collar (7), the external diameter of the pressing plunger (6), and the external diameter of the blank (12) being almost identical, characterised in that the tooth-system (3) of the female die (1) exhibits a parallel run-out (5) in the zone of the large bevel-gear diameter, this run-out resembling a sptined shaft, and the extension-piece (9) of the control collar (7) possesses a tooth-system (15) which penetrates the run-out (5) resembling a splined shaft, the internal diameter of the control collar (7) being approximately equal to the diameter of the smallest dedendum circle of the toth-system.
3. Device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the length of the run-out (5), which resembles a splined shaft, corresponds to at least the length L, measured on the gear wheel (see Figure 1
4. Device according to Claim 1 or according to one of the subsequent claims, characterised in that, during almost the entire pressing operation, the control collar (7) is mounted relative to the pressing plunger (6) via springs (8), in a manner known per se, and is rigidly connected to the plunger towards the end of the pressing operation.
EP80102323A 1979-07-05 1980-04-30 Device for non-cutting manufacture of metallic bevel wheels Expired EP0022154B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2927192 1979-07-05
DE2927192A DE2927192C2 (en) 1979-07-05 1979-07-05 Device for the seamless production of metallic bevel gears

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0022154A1 EP0022154A1 (en) 1981-01-14
EP0022154B1 true EP0022154B1 (en) 1983-01-19

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EP80102323A Expired EP0022154B1 (en) 1979-07-05 1980-04-30 Device for non-cutting manufacture of metallic bevel wheels

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US (1) US4351177A (en)
EP (1) EP0022154B1 (en)
DE (1) DE2927192C2 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6133719A (en) * 1984-07-26 1986-02-17 Daido Metal Kogyo Kk Method and device for producing bush with flange
DE3502675A1 (en) * 1985-01-26 1986-07-31 Alfred Teves Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Method for the compression moulding of a moulding
JP3160619B2 (en) * 1997-05-23 2001-04-25 大蔵省造幣局長 Method and apparatus for manufacturing medals or coins having helical teeth
JP7356027B2 (en) * 2020-01-24 2023-10-04 愛知製鋼株式会社 forging equipment

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE704320C (en) * 1937-01-21 1941-03-27 Dr Fritz Singer Tool for hot pressing of helical or bevel gears
US2285575A (en) * 1938-02-15 1942-06-09 Frank V Elbertz Bevel gear blank and the method and means for producing the same
US2713277A (en) * 1950-09-02 1955-07-19 Mullins Mfg Corp Method of cold forming ring gears
DE2144006C3 (en) * 1971-09-02 1974-03-07 Kabel- Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag, 3000 Hannover Process for the manufacture of bevel gears
US3842646A (en) * 1973-04-20 1974-10-22 Gleason Works Process and apparatus for densifying powder metal compact to form a gear having a hub portion,and preferred powder metal compact shape for use therewith
DE2320336B2 (en) * 1973-04-21 1980-02-21 Kabel- Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag, 3000 Hannover Device for the non-cutting manufacture of bevel gears from raw metal parts
DE2446413C3 (en) * 1974-09-28 1978-12-07 Kabel- Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Ag, 3000 Hannover Device for the non-cutting manufacture of bevel gears
CA1075505A (en) * 1976-09-22 1980-04-15 Gleason Works (The) Method and means for relieving stresses in die assemblies

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Publication number Publication date
EP0022154A1 (en) 1981-01-14
US4351177A (en) 1982-09-28
DE2927192C2 (en) 1981-04-23
DE2927192B1 (en) 1980-08-21

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