EP0021977A1 - Hydraulic directional valve, especially for servocontrols in aeroplanes and helicopters - Google Patents

Hydraulic directional valve, especially for servocontrols in aeroplanes and helicopters Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0021977A1
EP0021977A1 EP80400878A EP80400878A EP0021977A1 EP 0021977 A1 EP0021977 A1 EP 0021977A1 EP 80400878 A EP80400878 A EP 80400878A EP 80400878 A EP80400878 A EP 80400878A EP 0021977 A1 EP0021977 A1 EP 0021977A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
annular element
plug
rotation
distributor
hydraulic fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80400878A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0021977B1 (en
Inventor
Marcel Bouveret
Gérard Devaud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe dApplications des Machines Motrices SAMM SA
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Societe dApplications des Machines Motrices SAMM SA
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Publication of EP0021977A1 publication Critical patent/EP0021977A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0021977B1 publication Critical patent/EP0021977B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B20/00—Safety arrangements for fluid actuator systems; Applications of safety devices in fluid actuator systems; Emergency measures for fluid actuator systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B20/00—Safety arrangements for fluid actuator systems; Applications of safety devices in fluid actuator systems; Emergency measures for fluid actuator systems
    • F15B20/008—Valve failure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8158—With indicator, register, recorder, alarm or inspection means
    • Y10T137/8225—Position or extent of motion indicator
    • Y10T137/8242—Electrical
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86574—Supply and exhaust
    • Y10T137/86638—Rotary valve
    • Y10T137/86646—Plug type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86574—Supply and exhaust
    • Y10T137/86638—Rotary valve
    • Y10T137/86646—Plug type
    • Y10T137/86654—For plural lines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86863—Rotary valve unit
    • Y10T137/86871—Plug

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hydraulic distributor intended in particular, but not limited to, to equip dual-body duplex or tandem servo-controls for planes and helicopters.
  • the type of distributor targeted by the invention comprises a plug mounted relatively in a fixed fur housed in a body, and pierced with bores for the entry under pressure and the outlet to the tank of hydraulic fluid. Passages with progressive opening are arranged on the periphery of the plug, to ensure the circulation of the hydraulic fluid from one bore to the other of the fixed bush when the plug is rotated by manual control.
  • the dispenser comprises an annular element interposed between the fur and the plug, pierced with radial openings in the extension of the bores of the fixed sleeve and on the periphery of which are machined passages allowing a gradual transfer of the hydraulic fluid from a bore of the fixed sleeve to the neighboring bore if this annular element is placed rotation, and in that locking means are provided to keep the annular element normally fixed when the plug is rotating and to allow the annular element to be driven in rotation by the plug in the event of the latter jamming in said annular element, so as to allow the circulation of hydraulic fluid from one bore to another through the passages of the annular element.
  • the annular element being cylindrical therefore surrounds the plug by forming a sort of jacket around which the fur fixed to the body is placed concentrically, annular channels between the latter and the fur allowing the supply of hydraulic fluid. If, due to abnormal seizure of the plug in the annular element, or as a result of blockage of the plug in this element due to the accidental insertion of a foreign body, the torque necessary to turn the plug in the annular element becomes too large, the latter is rotated. Its peripheral passages directly ensure the circulation of the hydraulic fluid from the pressure to one use and from the other use to the return, the aforementioned locking means being automatically released when a sufficient torque is exerted on the annular element.
  • the locking means for keeping the annular element fixed during normal operation of the dispenser and for release in rotation in the event of seizure of the plug with respect to said element comprise balls, preferably three in number, distant from equal angular deviations, partially engaged in corresponding notches with V-shaped ramps machined on one end of the element annular, and being able to slide in openings of a tray fixed to the body of the dispenser.
  • said locking means comprise a second plate elastically urged against the balls by a pendulum itself pushed by an elastic member housed in the body; therefore if the torque required to rotate the plug in the annular element becomes greater than a predetermined value, related to the force exerted by the elastic member on the balance, the annular element is rotated, repels the balls towards the outside of their notches against the opposing stress of the plate and of the balance, and authorizes the distribution of fluid provided, with progressive flow.
  • FIG. 1 a hydraulic servo-control device, usable for example on an airplane or on a helicopter, and comprising a hydraulic cylinder 1, with double effect, on which are articulated on the one hand a system of connecting rods control 2, and secondly a lever 3 connected to the rudder or depth of the device.
  • a hydraulic servo-control device usable for example on an airplane or on a helicopter, and comprising a hydraulic cylinder 1, with double effect, on which are articulated on the one hand a system of connecting rods control 2, and secondly a lever 3 connected to the rudder or depth of the device.
  • the chamber 8 which contains the piston 4 communicates by two pipes 11, 12 with a distributor hydraulic 13 carried by the body 1 and supplied by a hydraulic circuit not shown, the pipes 11 and 12 opening on the two opposite faces of the piston 4.
  • the chamber 9 which contains the piston 5 communicates with another hydraulic distributor not shown, which is identical to the first and which is supplied by a second hydraulic circuit.
  • the control system 2 of the distributor 13 comprises a connecting rod 14 which can be actuated manually by the pilot, articulated on a lever 15 itself rotatably mounted between two ears 16 integral with the cylinder 1, and at the end of which is articulated a second link 17 on which is in turn articulated a lever 18 integral in rotation with the central plug of the distributor 13.
  • This dispenser comprises a central plug 19, one end 21 of which is secured to the lever 18, and which is mounted in an annular element 22 in the form of a cylindrical liner, this annular element 22 being itself interposed in accordance with the invention, between the plug 19 and a concentric fur 23, fixed to a body 24.
  • the attachment of the fur 23 with the body 24 is obtained by means of an annular part 25 provided with several peripheral grooves in which are embedded seals 26 ensuring sealing with the body 24.
  • the fur 23 and its insert-25 are pierced with two pairs of bores 29 arranged radially and distributed over the periphery of said parts, the annular element 2 also being pierced with corresponding radial openings 31, coaxial with the bores 29 (FIG. 7 ).
  • a first pair of bores 29 opens into an annular channel 32 for supplying hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic circuit (not shown), this channel 32 being reserved between the body 24 and the annular part 25.
  • the other pair of bores 29 opens into longitudinal channels connected to the return to the cover by means of the cavities located between the body 24 and the fur 23 (FIG. 3).
  • the two pairs of adjacent bore 29a and coaxial bore 31a are connected respectively with U1 and U2.
  • the external surface of the plug 19 is machined so as to present a series of notches 28 which determine passages between two neighboring bores 31 for the hydraulic fluid, and this, progressively taking into account the way these passages are machined, when the plug 19 is rotated in one direction or the other.
  • FIG. 7 it can be seen in FIG. 7 that if the plug 19 is rotated clockwise represented by the arrow R, the pressurized oil arriving via the pipe P in the pair of diametrically opposed bores 29, 31, passes through the diametrically opposite adjacent bores 31a, 29a which communicate with the use U1, and this with a flow proportional to the angle of rotation of the plug 19.
  • the oil coming from the channel U2 passes with an increasing flow in the bores and openings 29a, 31a which open into the return pipe R.
  • This circulation of the hydraulic fluid is symbolized by the arrows shown in FIG. 7.
  • the invention provides for arranging on the periphery of the cylindrical element 22, a series of machined passages 33 in correspondence with the passages 28. These openings 33 provide direct communication between the pairs of bores 29 and the pairs of adjacent bores, if the annular element 22 is rotated, for example clockwise R; the transition to progressive flow of oil from one bore 29 to the next is represented by arrows in FIG. 7, in the case of the transfer of oil from the pressure line P to use U1.
  • the annular element 22 remains fixed in rotation in the position shown in FIG. 7.
  • Each peripheral passage 28 of the plug 19 is somewhat doubled by a corresponding peripheral portion 33, machined so as to also ensure a progressive transfer oil flow of a radial bore in s E- wise neighbor, if the annular element 22 is rotated, in order to ensure the intended oil distribution.
  • Locking means are arranged to keep the annular element 22 normally fixed when the plug 19 rotates, and to allow this element 22 to be driven in rotation by the plug 19 in the event of the latter jamming in said annular element. .
  • these locking means comprise balls 34 of which only one is visible in FIG. 3, these balls being for example three in number distant from equal angular deviations, and partially engaged in corresponding notches 35 to V-shaped ramps machined on the end of the annular element 22 opposite the actuation lever.
  • the balls 34 can slide in circular openings 40, arranged in a guide 36 fixed to the body 24 by a rod 10 and the plug 50.
  • the locking device also comprises a plate 37 elastically urged against the balls 34 by a pendulum 38 itself even pushed by an elastic member constituted in the example represented by a helical spring 39 housed in the body 24.
  • the pendulum 38 and the plate 37 are placed in a chamber of the body 24 closed by plugs 50 and 60 screwed into the latter.
  • the spring 39 acts on the end of the balance 38 by means of a pusher 41 comprising a rod 42.
  • the balance 38 is articulated around an axis 43 carried by the body 24.
  • the pusher 41 cooperates with an electrical contactor 44 connected to an alarm lamp, not shown, and which can be lit when the balls 34 push the pendulum 38 against the action of the return spring 39 correlatively to a rotation of the annular element 22, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • the annular element 22 is mounted on a ball bearing 45 used as a frictionless stop, on the side opposite the balls 34, and cooperates with a ball stop 46 coaxial with the plug 19 and located in the vicinity of the bearing 45.
  • the dispenser is provided, according to an important feature of the invention, with a device for testing the proper functioning of the locking means (34, 37, 38, 42, 43, 41, 39) of the annular element 22 relative to to the rotary valve 19, this device being visible in particular in FIGS. 2 and 5.
  • a jack 47 housed in a lateral protuberance 48 of the body 24, and which can be actuated by an elastic member constituted in the example represented by a helical spring 49.
  • the latter bears against a cap 60 screwed into the 'protuberance 48 and which also serves as a stop for the actuator proper 47.
  • the spring 49 exerts a constant stress on an internal shoulder of the actuator 47 so as to push the rod 51 of the latter against a radial arm-52 forming part of a collar 53 mounted at the end of the annular element 22 where the locking balls 34 are located, and secured to the element 22 in rotation by a pin 55 ( Figure 5).
  • the jack 47 is positioned in a cylindrical chamber 56 communicating with the hydraulic supply circuit by a pipe 57.
  • the pipe 61 communicates with the channel P of the annular part 25.
  • the rod 51 on its side is housed in a bore 58 which is separated from the chamber 56 in a leaktight manner by an annular seal 59 embedded in the periphery of the jack 47.
  • the thrust of the spring 49 on the jack 47 is exerted without compensation, so that the rod 51 comes into contact with the arm 52 which pivots and rotates clockwise, the collar 53, as indicated by the arrows on the Figure 5.
  • the latter in turn rotates the annular element 22 via the pin 55, so that the balls 34 are pushed outwards from their notches 35, slide on the inclined ramps thereof , slide in the guide passage openings 36, and rotate the pendulum 38 around its axis 43.
  • the pusher 41, 42 triggers the switch contactor 44 which in turn turns on the alarm lamp, ci therefore indicating to the operator that the element 22 is unlocked from its normal position.
  • the pipe 61 is isolated from the pipe 57 by the jack 47.
  • the plug 19 can no longer rotate relative to the element 22, the latter is driven in rotation by the plug 19 from the moment when the torque exerted by the plug becomes greater than the locking torque exerted on the annular element 22 by the balls 34 under the thrust of the plate 37 and the spring 39, via the pendulum 38.
  • the annular element 22 rotates coaxially with the plug 19 and integrally with the latter, and the balls 34 are gradually pushed back outside of their notches 35 by pivoting the pendulum 38 in the antagonistic direction to the thrust of the return spring 39, as explained above.
  • the alarm lamp lights up and signals to the pilot the anomaly constituted by the blocking of the plug in the annular element 22.
  • the rotation of the annular element 22 establishes communications between the bores 29 and 29a, depending on the direction of rotation of the element 22 and the position in which the plug 19 is locked in the annular element 22. If, as in the case described above, the plug 19 rotates clockwise R , we see that the passages 33 machined at the periphery of the element 22 between the openings 31 thereof, establish communication, from the position shown in Figure 7, between the bores 29 containing pressurized fluid P , and the bores 29a connected to the use U1.
  • dispenser of the invention is considerably more advantageous than the known embodiments, since superfluous makes mounting two distributors iden z ticks interconnected to ensure normal hydraulic supply in case of failure of one of them.
  • the hydraulic distributor according to the invention is therefore much less heavy and bulky than the known devices, and also less expensive. Its reliability is excellent, since there is no reason for the annular element 22 to be capable of being itself blocked with respect to the fixed fur 23.
  • the device for testing the locking system (41, 42, 38, 37, 38 ') of 11-annular element 22 by means of the jack 47 and its thrust spring 49 advantageously allows the pilot to verify the proper functioning of this safety system, the hydraulic chamber 56 being depressurized.
  • the pilot pressurizes this chamber, and the annular element 22 automatically returns to its normal position, under the elastic stress exerted by the return device (39,41), the balls 34 returning to the bottom, from their notches 35 in their normal position.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and may include numerous variant embodiments. So we can replace the. pressure test device for the locking system of the element 22 by any other equivalent means. It is also possible, depending on the available volume, to place the assembly: spring 39, pusher 41, 42 and contactor 44 in the extension of the axis of the distributor, which eliminates the lever 38, the axis 43 and the ancillary elements. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)

Abstract

Ce distributeur comporte un élément annulaire 22 intercalé entre une fourrure fixe 23 et un boisseau central rotatif 19, cet élément 22 étant percé d'ouvertures radiales 31 coaxiales à des alésages 29 d'introduction du fluide hydraulique dans le distributeur, et des ouvertures 33 sont usinées sur la périphérie de la pièce 22, afin d'établir une communication entre des alésages 29 voisins pour autoriser le passage de l'huile de l'un à l'autre, en cas de grippage du boisseau 19 par rapport à l'élément 22 qui est alors entraîné en rotation par le boisseau, à l'encontre de la poussée de rappel d'un système de verrouillage. L'élément annulaire prévu par l'invention assure la sécurité de fonctionnement du distributeur en cas de blocage accidentel du boisseau qui peut alors entraîner en rotation l'élément annulaire, ce dernier restant fixe en fonctionnement normal. L'invention supprime la contrainte de prévoir deux distributeurs dont un de secours en cas de défaillance du premier.This distributor has an annular element 22 interposed between a fixed sleeve 23 and a rotary central plug 19, this element 22 being pierced with radial openings 31 coaxial with bores 29 for introducing hydraulic fluid into the distributor, and openings 33 are machined on the periphery of the part 22, in order to establish communication between neighboring bores 29 to allow the passage of oil from one to the other, in the event of seizure of the plug 19 relative to the element 22 which is then driven in rotation by the plug, against the return thrust of a locking system. The annular element provided by the invention ensures the operating safety of the dispenser in the event of accidental blockage of the plug which can then cause the annular element to rotate, the latter remaining fixed in normal operation. The invention removes the constraint of providing two distributors, one of which is a backup in the event of the failure of the first.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un distributeur hydraulique destiné notamment mais non limitativement, à équiper des servo-commandes double corps duplex ou en tandem d'avions et d'hélicoptères.The present invention relates to a hydraulic distributor intended in particular, but not limited to, to equip dual-body duplex or tandem servo-controls for planes and helicopters.

Dans certaines applications particulières d'un tel distributeur hydraulique, notamment dans la commande d'avions, il est indispensable à la sécurité de la commande, que le grippage accidentel de la partie mobile du distributeur dans sa partie fixe, ne provoque pas l'immobilisation de l'ensemble du mécanisme. A cet effet, il est connu de disposer deux distributeurs identiques assurant l'alimentation du système de commande en parallèle, et commandés ensemble au moyen d'un système différentiel. Celui-ci est agencé de telle manière que, en cas de grippage immobilisant l'un des deux distributeurs, la commande se reporte entièrement sur l'autre distributeur qui assure la distribution dans le sens voulu.In certain particular applications of such a hydraulic distributor, in particular in the control of airplanes, it is essential for the security of the control, that the accidental seizure of the mobile part of the distributor in its fixed part, does not cause immobilization of the whole mechanism. To this end, it is known to have two identical distributors ensuring the supply of the control system in parallel, and controlled together by means of a differential system. The latter is arranged in such a way that, in the event of seizure immobilizing one of the two distributors, the control relates entirely to the other distributor which ensures the distribution in the desired direction.

Cette disposition, satisfaisante au plan fonctionnel, présente l'inconvénient d'être lourde et..encombrante. Elle nécessite par ailleurs des liaisons entre les deux distributeurs, soit à l'intérieur du corps qui les contient par des perçages de réalisation compliquée, soit à l'extérieur au moyen de tuyauteries, et de raccords qui augmentent encore l'encombrement général.This arrangement, satisfactory from a functional point of view, has the drawback of being cumbersome and bulky. It also requires connections between the two distributors, either inside the body which contains them by holes of complicated construction, or outside by means of pipes, and fittings which further increase the overall size.

Le type de distributeur visé par l'invention, comprend un boisseau monté relativement dans une fourrure fixe logée dans un corps, et percée d'alésages pour l'entrée sous pression et la sortie à la bâche du fluide hydraulique. Des passages à ouverture progressive sont agencés sur la périphérie du boisseau, pour assurer la circulation du fluide hydraulique d'un alésage à l'autre de la fourrure fixe quand le boisseau est mis en rotation par commande manuelle.The type of distributor targeted by the invention comprises a plug mounted relatively in a fixed fur housed in a body, and pierced with bores for the entry under pressure and the outlet to the tank of hydraulic fluid. Passages with progressive opening are arranged on the periphery of the plug, to ensure the circulation of the hydraulic fluid from one bore to the other of the fixed bush when the plug is rotated by manual control.

Conformément à l'invention, le distributeur comporte un élément annulaire interposé entre la fourrure et le boisseau, percé d'ouvertures radiales dans le prolongement des alésages de la fourrure fixe et sur la périphérie duquel sont usinés des passages autorisant un transfert progressif du fluide hydraulique d'un alésage de la fourrure fixe à l'alésage voisin si cet élément annulaire est mis en rotation, et en ce que des moyens de verrouillage sont prévus pour maintenir normalement fixe l'élément annulaire lors de la rotation du boisseau et pour permettre l'entraînement en rotation de l'élément annulaire par le boisseau en cas de grippage de ce dernier dans ledit élément annulaire, afin d'autoriser alors la circulation du fluide hydraulique d'un alésage à un autre par les passages de l'élément annulaire.In accordance with the invention, the dispenser comprises an annular element interposed between the fur and the plug, pierced with radial openings in the extension of the bores of the fixed sleeve and on the periphery of which are machined passages allowing a gradual transfer of the hydraulic fluid from a bore of the fixed sleeve to the neighboring bore if this annular element is placed rotation, and in that locking means are provided to keep the annular element normally fixed when the plug is rotating and to allow the annular element to be driven in rotation by the plug in the event of the latter jamming in said annular element, so as to allow the circulation of hydraulic fluid from one bore to another through the passages of the annular element.

L'élément annulaire étant cylindrique entoure' par conséquent le boisseau en formant une sorte de chemise autour de laquelle est placée concentriquement la fourrure fixée au corps, des canaux annulaires entre ce dernier et la fourrure permettant l'alimentation en fluide hydraulique. Si, en raison d'un grippage anormal du boisseau dans l'élément annulaire, ou par suite d'un blocage du boisseau dans cet élément dû à l'insertion accidentelle d'un corps étranger, le couple nécessaire pour faire tourner le boisseau dans l'élément annulaire devient trop important, ce dernier est entraîné en rotation. Ses passages périphériques assurent directement la circulation du fluide hydraulique à partir de la pression vers une utilisation et de l'autre utilisation vers le retour, les moyens de verrouillage précités étant automatiquement débloqués lorsqu'un couple suffisant est exercé sur l'élément annulaire.The annular element being cylindrical therefore surrounds the plug by forming a sort of jacket around which the fur fixed to the body is placed concentrically, annular channels between the latter and the fur allowing the supply of hydraulic fluid. If, due to abnormal seizure of the plug in the annular element, or as a result of blockage of the plug in this element due to the accidental insertion of a foreign body, the torque necessary to turn the plug in the annular element becomes too large, the latter is rotated. Its peripheral passages directly ensure the circulation of the hydraulic fluid from the pressure to one use and from the other use to the return, the aforementioned locking means being automatically released when a sufficient torque is exerted on the annular element.

Etant donné que l'élément annulaire est normalement fixe par rapport à la fourrure, il n'y a aucune raison pour que cet élément soit susceptible de se gripper à son tour par rapport à la fourrure, de sorte que le distributeur selon l'invention présente toute la sécurité de fonctionnement voulue.Since the annular element is normally fixed relative to the fur, there is no reason why this element is likely to seize in turn relative to the fur, so that the dispenser according to the invention has all the required operational safety.

Suivant un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les moyens de verrouillage pour maintenir l'élément annulaire fixe pendant le fonctionnement normal du distributeur et pour le libérer en rotation en cas de grippage du boisseau par rapport audit élément, comprennent des billes, de préférence au nombre de trois, distantes d'écarts angulaires égaux, engagées partiellement dans des encoches correspondantes à rampes en V usinées sur une extrémité de l'élément annulaire, et pouvant coulisser dans des ouvertures d'un plateau fixé au corps du distributeur. Complémentairement lesdits moyens de verrouillage comportent un second plateau sollicité élastiquement contre les billes par un balancier lui-même poussé par un organe élastique logé dans le corps ; de ce fait si le couple nécessaire pour faire tourner le boisseau dans l'élément annulaire devient supérieur à une valeur prédéterminée, liée à la force exercée par l'organe élastique sur le balancier, l'élément annulaire est entrainé en rotation, repousse les billes vers l'extérieur de leurs encoches à l'encontre de la sollicitation antagoniste du plateau et du balancier, et autorise la distribution de fluide prévue, avec débit progressif.According to one embodiment of the invention, the locking means for keeping the annular element fixed during normal operation of the dispenser and for release in rotation in the event of seizure of the plug with respect to said element, comprise balls, preferably three in number, distant from equal angular deviations, partially engaged in corresponding notches with V-shaped ramps machined on one end of the element annular, and being able to slide in openings of a tray fixed to the body of the dispenser. As a complement, said locking means comprise a second plate elastically urged against the balls by a pendulum itself pushed by an elastic member housed in the body; therefore if the torque required to rotate the plug in the annular element becomes greater than a predetermined value, related to the force exerted by the elastic member on the balance, the annular element is rotated, repels the balls towards the outside of their notches against the opposing stress of the plate and of the balance, and authorizes the distribution of fluid provided, with progressive flow.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaitrbnt au cours de la description qui va suivre. Aux dessins annexés, donnés à titre d'exemple non limitatif, on a représenté une forme de réalisation du distributeur hydraulique selon l'invention. --

  • - La figure 1 est une vue en élévation schématique avec arrachement d'une servo-commande hydraulique des gouvernes d'un avion ou d'un hélicoptère, incluant un distributeur hydraulique pouvant être réalisé conformément à l'invention.
  • - La figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'un mode de réalisation du distributeur hydraulique selon l'invention.
  • - La figure 3 est une vue en coupe axiale suivant III-III de la figure 4, à échelle agrandie, du distributeur représenté à la figure 2.
  • - La figure 4 est une vue de dessus en plan du distributeur des figures 2 et 3.
  • - La figure 5 est une vue en coupe transversale suivant V-V de la figure 6.
  • - La figure 6 est une vue en élévation latérale du distributeur des figures 2 à 5.
  • - La figure 7 est une vue en coupe transversale à échelle agrandie suivant VII-VII de la figure 3.
Other features and advantages of the invention will appear during the description which follows. In the accompanying drawings, given by way of nonlimiting example, there is shown an embodiment of the hydraulic distributor according to the invention. -
  • - Figure 1 is a schematic elevational view with cutaway of a hydraulic servo-control of the control surfaces of an airplane or a helicopter, including a hydraulic distributor which can be produced in accordance with the invention.
  • - Figure 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the hydraulic distributor according to the invention.
  • - Figure 3 is an axial sectional view along III-III of Figure 4, on an enlarged scale, of the dispenser shown in Figure 2.
  • - Figure 4 is a top plan view of the dispenser of Figures 2 and 3.
  • - Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view along VV of Figure 6.
  • - Figure 6 is a side elevational view of the dispenser of Figures 2 to 5.
  • - Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view on an enlarged scale along VII-VII of Figure 3.

On a représenté schématiquement à la figure 1 un dispositif de serve-commande hydraulique, utilisable par exemple sur un avion ou sur un hélicoptère, et comprenant un cylindre hydraulique 1, à double effet, sur lequel sont articulés d'une part un système de bielles de commande 2, et d'autre part un levier 3 relié à la gouverne de direction ou de profondeur de l'appareil. Dans le cylindre 1, deux pistons 4,5 reliés par une tige 6 articulée sur un point fixe 7 sont disposés dans deux chambres distinctes 8, 9. La chambre 8 qui contient le piston 4, communique par deux canalisations 11, 12 avec un distributeur hydraulique 13 porté par le corps 1 et alimenté par un circuit hydraulique non représenté, les canalisations 11 et 12 débouchant sur les deux faces opposées du piston 4. La chambre 9 qui contient le piston 5 communique avec un autre distributeur hydraulique non représenté, qui est identique au premier et qui est alimenté par un deuxième circuit hydraulique.There is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 a hydraulic servo-control device, usable for example on an airplane or on a helicopter, and comprising a hydraulic cylinder 1, with double effect, on which are articulated on the one hand a system of connecting rods control 2, and secondly a lever 3 connected to the rudder or depth of the device. In the cylinder 1, two pistons 4,5 connected by a rod 6 articulated on a fixed point 7 are arranged in two separate chambers 8, 9. The chamber 8 which contains the piston 4, communicates by two pipes 11, 12 with a distributor hydraulic 13 carried by the body 1 and supplied by a hydraulic circuit not shown, the pipes 11 and 12 opening on the two opposite faces of the piston 4. The chamber 9 which contains the piston 5 communicates with another hydraulic distributor not shown, which is identical to the first and which is supplied by a second hydraulic circuit.

Le système de commande 2 du distributeur 13, comporte une bielle 14 pouvant être actionnée manuellement par le pilote, articulée sur un levier 15 lui-même monté rotativement entre deux oreilles 16 solidaires du cylindre 1, et à l'extrémité de laquelle est articulée une seconde biellette 17 sur laquelle est à son tour articulé un levier 18 solidaire en rotation du boisseau central du distributeur 13.The control system 2 of the distributor 13 comprises a connecting rod 14 which can be actuated manually by the pilot, articulated on a lever 15 itself rotatably mounted between two ears 16 integral with the cylinder 1, and at the end of which is articulated a second link 17 on which is in turn articulated a lever 18 integral in rotation with the central plug of the distributor 13.

Lorsque le pilote actionne la bielle de commande 14 dans un sens ou dans l'autre, comme indiqué par les flèches de direction opposée sur la figure 1, le levier 18 fait corrélativement tourner le boisseau dans un sens ou dans l'autre, et du fluide hydraulique sous pression est envoyé dans la chambre 8, soit par la canalisation 11, soit par la canalisation 12, le fluide retournant à la bâche par l'autre canalisation. Il s'ensuit que le cylindre 1 se déplace par rapport aux pistons 4, 5 et à leur tige 6 de support qui reste fixe, en agissant sur la gouverne de l'appareil,et ce jusqu'à ce que la servo-commande se soit stabilisée.When the pilot actuates the control rod 14 in one direction or the other, as indicated by the arrows of opposite direction in FIG. 1, the lever 18 causes the plug correspondingly to turn in one direction or the other, and pressurized hydraulic fluid is sent into chamber 8, either through line 11 or through line 12, the fluid returning to the tank via the other line. It follows that the cylinder 1 moves by relative to the pistons 4, 5 and their support rod 6 which remains fixed, acting on the control surface of the device, and this until the servo-control has stabilized.

Le fohctionnement d'un tel dispositif de servo-commande est bien connu et ne sera donc pas davantage décrit.The operation of such a servo-control device is well known and will therefore not be described further.

On décrira'maintenant en se reportant aux figures 2 à 7 un mode de réalisation du distributeur hydraulique 13 visé par l'invention.We will now describe with reference to Figures 2 to 7 an embodiment of the hydraulic distributor 13 targeted by the invention.

Ce distributeur comprend un boisseau central 19 dont une extrémité 21 est solidaire du levier 18, et qui est monté dans un élément annulaire 22 se présentant sous la forme d'un chemisage cylindrique, cet élément annulaire 22 étant lui-même interposé conformément à l'invention, entre le boisseau 19 et une fourrure 23 concentrique, fixée à un corps 24. Dans la forme de réalisation représentée, la solidarisation de la fourrure 23 avec le corps 24 est obtenue par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce annulaire 25 pourvue de plusieurs gorges périphériques dans lesquelles sont encastrés des joints 26 assurant l'étanchéité avec le corps 24.This dispenser comprises a central plug 19, one end 21 of which is secured to the lever 18, and which is mounted in an annular element 22 in the form of a cylindrical liner, this annular element 22 being itself interposed in accordance with the invention, between the plug 19 and a concentric fur 23, fixed to a body 24. In the embodiment shown, the attachment of the fur 23 with the body 24 is obtained by means of an annular part 25 provided with several peripheral grooves in which are embedded seals 26 ensuring sealing with the body 24.

La fourrure 23 et sa pièce rapportée-25 sont percées de deux couples d'alésages 29 aménagés radialement et répartis sur la périphérie desdites pièces, l'élément annulaire 2 étant également percé d'ouvertures radiales 31 correspondantes, coaxiales aux alésages 29 (figure 7). A la périphérie de la pièce 25, un premier couple d'alésages 29 débouche dans un canal annulaire 32 d'alimentation en fluide hydraulique à partir du circuit hydraulique (non représenté), ce canal 32 étant réservé entre le corps 24 et la pièce annulaire 25. L'autre couple d'alésages 29 débouche dans des canaux longitudinaux connectés au retour à la bâche par l'intermédiaire des cavités situées entre le corps 24 et la fourrure 23 (figure 3). Les deux couples d'alésages adjacents 29a et coaxiaux 31a sont connectés respectivement avec U1 et U2.The fur 23 and its insert-25 are pierced with two pairs of bores 29 arranged radially and distributed over the periphery of said parts, the annular element 2 also being pierced with corresponding radial openings 31, coaxial with the bores 29 (FIG. 7 ). At the periphery of the part 25, a first pair of bores 29 opens into an annular channel 32 for supplying hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic circuit (not shown), this channel 32 being reserved between the body 24 and the annular part 25. The other pair of bores 29 opens into longitudinal channels connected to the return to the cover by means of the cavities located between the body 24 and the fur 23 (FIG. 3). The two pairs of adjacent bore 29a and coaxial bore 31a are connected respectively with U1 and U2.

On voit aux figures 3 et 7 les canaux suivants, assurant l'alimentation en fluide hydraulique du distributeur vers le cylindre à double effet : L'huile sous pression arrive par le canal radial P, le canal U1 est en pression, le canal U2 est à la bâche, et le canal R assure le retour de l'huile dans le circuit.We see in Figures 3 and 7 the following channels, ensuring the supply of hydraulic fluid to the distributor to the double-acting cylinder: The pressurized oil arrives through the radial channel P, the channel U1 is under pressure, the channel U2 is at the cover, and the channel R ensures the return of the oil in the circuit.

Par ailleurs, de façon connue en soi, la surface externe du boisseau 19 est usinée de façon à présenter une série d'échancrures 28 qui déterminent des passages entre deux alésages voisins 31 pour le fluide hydraulique, et ce, de façon progressive compte-tenu de la façon dont ces passages sont usinés, lorsque le boisseau 19 est mis en rotation dans un sens ou dans l'autre. Ainsi, on voit sur la figure 7 que si le boisseau 19 est mis en rotation dans le sens horaire représenté par la flèche R, l'huile sous pression arrivant par la canalisation P dans le couple d'alésages 29, 31, diamétralement opposés, passe dans les alésages adjacents diamétralement opposés 31a, 29a qui communiquent avec l'utilisation U1, et ce avec un débit proportionnel à l'angle de rotation du boisseau 19. Corrélativement, l'huile provenant du canal U2 passe avec un débit croissant dans les alésages et ouvertures 29a, 31a qui débouchent dans la canalisation de retour R. Cette circulation du fluide hydraulique est symbolisée par les flèches portées sur la figure 7.Furthermore, in a manner known per se, the external surface of the plug 19 is machined so as to present a series of notches 28 which determine passages between two neighboring bores 31 for the hydraulic fluid, and this, progressively taking into account the way these passages are machined, when the plug 19 is rotated in one direction or the other. Thus, it can be seen in FIG. 7 that if the plug 19 is rotated clockwise represented by the arrow R, the pressurized oil arriving via the pipe P in the pair of diametrically opposed bores 29, 31, passes through the diametrically opposite adjacent bores 31a, 29a which communicate with the use U1, and this with a flow proportional to the angle of rotation of the plug 19. Correlatively, the oil coming from the channel U2 passes with an increasing flow in the bores and openings 29a, 31a which open into the return pipe R. This circulation of the hydraulic fluid is symbolized by the arrows shown in FIG. 7.

Suivant une particularité essentielle, l'invention prévoit d'aménager sur la périphérie de l'élément cylindrique 22, une série de passages usinés 33 en correspondance avec les passages 28. Ces ouvertures 33 assurent la communication directe entre les couples d'alésages 29 et les couples d'alésages adjacents, si on fait tourner l'élément annulaire 22, par exemple dans le sens horaire R ; le passage à débit progressif de l'huile d'un alésage 29 au suivant est représenté par des flèches sur la figure 7, dans le cas du transfert de l'huile de la canalisation sous pression P à l'utilisation U1. Cependant, en fonctionnement normal du distributeur, l'élément annulaire 22 reste fixe en rotation dans la position représentée à la figure 7.According to an essential feature, the invention provides for arranging on the periphery of the cylindrical element 22, a series of machined passages 33 in correspondence with the passages 28. These openings 33 provide direct communication between the pairs of bores 29 and the pairs of adjacent bores, if the annular element 22 is rotated, for example clockwise R; the transition to progressive flow of oil from one bore 29 to the next is represented by arrows in FIG. 7, in the case of the transfer of oil from the pressure line P to use U1. However, in normal operation of the distributor, the annular element 22 remains fixed in rotation in the position shown in FIG. 7.

Chaque passage périphérique 28 du boisseau 19 est donc en quelque sorte doublé par un passage périphérique correspondant 33, usiné de façon à assurer également un transfert à débit progressif de l'huile d'un alésage radial à l'alé- sage voisin, si l'élément annulaire 22 est mis en rotation, et ce afin d'assurer-la distribution d'huile prévue.Each peripheral passage 28 of the plug 19 is somewhat doubled by a corresponding peripheral portion 33, machined so as to also ensure a progressive transfer oil flow of a radial bore in s E- wise neighbor, if the annular element 22 is rotated, in order to ensure the intended oil distribution.

Des moyens de verrouillage sont agencés pour maintenir normalement fixe l'élément annulaire 22 lors de la rotation du boisseau 19, et pour permettre l'entraînement en rotation de cet élément 22 par le boisseau 19 en cas de grippage de ce dernier dans ledit élément annulaire.Locking means are arranged to keep the annular element 22 normally fixed when the plug 19 rotates, and to allow this element 22 to be driven in rotation by the plug 19 in the event of the latter jamming in said annular element. .

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, ces moyens de verrouillage comprennent des billes 34 dont une seule est visible à la figure 3, ces billes étant par exemple au nombre de trois distantes d'écarts angulaires égaux, et engagées partiellement dans des encoches correspondantes 35 à rampes en V usinées sur l'extrémité de l'élément annulaire 22 opposée au levier d'actionnement. Les billes 34 peuvent coulisser dans des ouvertures circulaires 40, agencées dans un guide 36 fixé au corps 24 par une tige 10 et le bouchon 50. Le dispositif de verrouillage comporte également un plateau 37 sollicité élastiquement contre les billes 34 par un balancier 38 lui-même poussé par un organe élastique constitué dans l'exemple représenté par un ressort hélicoïdal 39 logé dans le corps 24.In the embodiment shown, these locking means comprise balls 34 of which only one is visible in FIG. 3, these balls being for example three in number distant from equal angular deviations, and partially engaged in corresponding notches 35 to V-shaped ramps machined on the end of the annular element 22 opposite the actuation lever. The balls 34 can slide in circular openings 40, arranged in a guide 36 fixed to the body 24 by a rod 10 and the plug 50. The locking device also comprises a plate 37 elastically urged against the balls 34 by a pendulum 38 itself even pushed by an elastic member constituted in the example represented by a helical spring 39 housed in the body 24.

Le balancier 38 et le plateau 37 sont placés dans une chambre du corps 24 fermée par des bouchons 50 et 60 vissés dans ce dernier. Le ressort 39 agit sur l'extrémité du balancier 38 par l'intermédiaire d'un poussoir 41 comprenant une tige 42. Le balancier 38 est articulé autour d'un axe 43 porté par le corps 24.The pendulum 38 and the plate 37 are placed in a chamber of the body 24 closed by plugs 50 and 60 screwed into the latter. The spring 39 acts on the end of the balance 38 by means of a pusher 41 comprising a rod 42. The balance 38 is articulated around an axis 43 carried by the body 24.

Le poussoir 41 coopère avec un contacteur électrique 44 connecté à une lampe d'alarme non représentée, et qui peut être allumée lorsque les billes 34 repoussent le balancier 38 contre l'action du ressort de rappel 39 corrélativement à une rotation de l'élément annulaire 22, comme cela sera expliqué plus en détail ci-après.The pusher 41 cooperates with an electrical contactor 44 connected to an alarm lamp, not shown, and which can be lit when the balls 34 push the pendulum 38 against the action of the return spring 39 correlatively to a rotation of the annular element 22, as will be explained in more detail below.

L'élément annulaire 22 est monté sur un roulement à billes 45 utilisé comme butée sans frottement, du côté opposé aux billes 34, et coopère avec une butée à billes 46 coaxiale au boisseau 19 et située au voisinage du roulement 45.The annular element 22 is mounted on a ball bearing 45 used as a frictionless stop, on the side opposite the balls 34, and cooperates with a ball stop 46 coaxial with the plug 19 and located in the vicinity of the bearing 45.

Le distributeur est muni, suivant une particularité importante de l'invention, d'un dispositif de test du bon fonctionnement des moyens de verrouillage (34, 37, 38, 42, 43, 41, 39) de l'élément annulaire 22 par rapport au boisseau rotatif 19, ce dispositif étant visible en particulier aux figures 2 et 5.The dispenser is provided, according to an important feature of the invention, with a device for testing the proper functioning of the locking means (34, 37, 38, 42, 43, 41, 39) of the annular element 22 relative to to the rotary valve 19, this device being visible in particular in FIGS. 2 and 5.

Il comprend tout d'abord un vérin 47 logé dans une excroissance latérale 48 du corps 24, et pouvant être actionné par un organe élastique constitué dans l'exemple représenté par un ressort hélicoïdal 49. Ce dernier prend appui contre un chapeau 60 vissé dans l'excroissance 48 et qui sert également de butée au vérin proprement dit 47. Le ressort 49 exerce une sollicitation constante sur un épaulement intérieur du vérin 47 de façon à pousser la tige 51 de celui-ci contre un bras radial-52 faisant partie d'un collier 53 monté à l'extrémité de l'élément annulaire 22 où sont situées les billes de verrouillage 34, et solidarisé avec l'élément 22 en-rotation par un pion 55 (figure 5). D'autre part, le vérin 47 est positionné dans une chambre cylindrique 56 communiquant avec le circuit hydraulique d'alimentation par une canalisation 57. La canalisation 61 communique avec le canal P de la pièce annulaire 25. La tige 51 de son côté est logée dans un alésage 58 qui est séparé de la chambre 56 de façon étanche par un joint annulaire 59 encastré dans la périphérie du vérin 47.It firstly comprises a jack 47 housed in a lateral protuberance 48 of the body 24, and which can be actuated by an elastic member constituted in the example represented by a helical spring 49. The latter bears against a cap 60 screwed into the 'protuberance 48 and which also serves as a stop for the actuator proper 47. The spring 49 exerts a constant stress on an internal shoulder of the actuator 47 so as to push the rod 51 of the latter against a radial arm-52 forming part of a collar 53 mounted at the end of the annular element 22 where the locking balls 34 are located, and secured to the element 22 in rotation by a pin 55 (Figure 5). On the other hand, the jack 47 is positioned in a cylindrical chamber 56 communicating with the hydraulic supply circuit by a pipe 57. The pipe 61 communicates with the channel P of the annular part 25. The rod 51 on its side is housed in a bore 58 which is separated from the chamber 56 in a leaktight manner by an annular seal 59 embedded in the periphery of the jack 47.

Si la chambre 56 n'est pas sous pression par suite de l'absence d'huile provenant du circuit hydraulique, la poussée du ressort 49 sur le vérin 47 s'exerce sans contrepartie, de sorte que la tige 51 vient au contact du bras 52 qui pivote et entraîne en rotation, dans le sens horaire, le collier 53, comme indiqué par les flèches portées sur la figure 5. Ce dernier entraîne à son tour en rotation l'élément annulaire 22 par l'intermédiaire du pion 55, de sorte que les billes 34 sont poussées vers l'extérieur de leurs encoches 35, glissent sur les rampes inclinées de celles-ci, coulissent dans les ouvertures de passage du guide 36, et font pivoter le balancier 38 autour de son axe 43. De ce fait, le poussoir 41, 42 déclenche le contacteur switch 44 qui allume à son tour la lampe d'alarme, celle-ci indiquant par conséquent à l'opérateur que l'élément 22 est déverrouillé de sa position normale. D'autre par la canalisation 61 est isolée vis-à-vis de la canalisation 57 par le vérin 47.If the chamber 56 is not under pressure as a result of the absence of oil from the hydraulic circuit, the thrust of the spring 49 on the jack 47 is exerted without compensation, so that the rod 51 comes into contact with the arm 52 which pivots and rotates clockwise, the collar 53, as indicated by the arrows on the Figure 5. The latter in turn rotates the annular element 22 via the pin 55, so that the balls 34 are pushed outwards from their notches 35, slide on the inclined ramps thereof , slide in the guide passage openings 36, and rotate the pendulum 38 around its axis 43. As a result, the pusher 41, 42 triggers the switch contactor 44 which in turn turns on the alarm lamp, ci therefore indicating to the operator that the element 22 is unlocked from its normal position. On the other hand, by the pipe 61 is isolated from the pipe 57 by the jack 47.

Si l'on introduit le fluide hydraulique dans la chambre 56 par la canalisation 57 jusqu'à ce que sa pression devienne prépondérante par rapport à la sollicitation antagoniste du ressort 49, le vérin 47 vient en butée, la canalisation 61 communique avec la canalisation 57, la tige 51 cessant de solliciter en rotation le collier 53. Cette position est représentée à la figure 5. On comprend donc que ce dispositif à vérin de test 47, permet de vérifier que le dispositif de verrouillage de l'élément 22 dans sa position normale autorise la rotation de cet élément 22 lorsqu'un couple suffisant est exercé sur celui-ci, en l'absence de pressurisation de la chambre hydraulique 56.If the hydraulic fluid is introduced into the chamber 56 through the pipe 57 until its pressure becomes preponderant with respect to the antagonistic stress of the spring 49, the jack 47 comes into abutment, the pipe 61 communicates with the pipe 57 , the rod 51 ceasing to stress the collar 53 in rotation. This position is shown in FIG. 5. It is therefore understood that this device with test cylinder 47 makes it possible to verify that the device for locking the element 22 in its position normal allows the rotation of this element 22 when a sufficient torque is exerted on it, in the absence of pressurization of the hydraulic chamber 56.

Le fonctionnement du distributeur hydraulique qui vient d'être décrit est le suivant :

  • Lorsqu'on fait tourner le boisseau 19 autour de son axe par commande du levier 18, on met en communication chaque alésage 29, 31 avec l'un ou l'autre des deux alésages adjacents selon que l'on fait tourner le boisseau 19 dans un sens ou dans l'autre. Ainsi, on a expliqué précédemment en référence à la figure 7 que si on fait tourner le boisseau 19 dans le sens horaire R, on fait passer le fluide hydraulique sous pression arrivant par la canalisation P, dans les alésages 29, 31 qui communiquent avec l'utilisation U1, tandis que le fluide arrivant par la canalisation U2 est transféré vers la canalisation .de retour R.
The operation of the hydraulic distributor which has just been described is as follows:
  • When the plug 19 is rotated about its axis by control of the lever 18, each bore 29, 31 is placed in communication with one or the other of the two adjacent bores depending on whether the plug 19 is rotated in one way or the other. Thus, it has been explained previously with reference to FIG. 7 that if the plug 19 is turned clockwise R, the pressurized hydraulic fluid passing through the pipe P is passed through the bores 29, 31 which communicate with the use U1, while the fluid arriving through line U2 is transferred to the line .return R.

Si maintenant, pour une raison accidentelle, telle que par exemple l'introduction d'un corps étranger entre le boisseau 19 et l'élément annulaire 22, le boisseau 19 ne peut plus tourner par rapport à l'élément 22, ce dernier est entraîné en rotation par le boisseau 19 à partir du moment où le couple exercé par le boisseau devient supérieur au couple de verrouillage exercé sur l'élément annulaire 22 par les billes 34 sous la poussée du plateau 37 et du ressort 39, par l'intermédiaire du balancier 38. Dans ces conditions, l'élément annulaire 22 tourne coaxialement au boisseau 19 et solidairement avec celui-ci, et les billes 34 sont repoussées progressivement à l'extérieur de leurs encoches 35 en faisant pivoter le balancier 38 dans le sens antagoniste à la poussée du ressort de rappel 39, comme expliqué précédemment.If now, for an accidental reason, such as for example the introduction of a foreign body between the plug 19 and the annular element 22, the plug 19 can no longer rotate relative to the element 22, the latter is driven in rotation by the plug 19 from the moment when the torque exerted by the plug becomes greater than the locking torque exerted on the annular element 22 by the balls 34 under the thrust of the plate 37 and the spring 39, via the pendulum 38. Under these conditions, the annular element 22 rotates coaxially with the plug 19 and integrally with the latter, and the balls 34 are gradually pushed back outside of their notches 35 by pivoting the pendulum 38 in the antagonistic direction to the thrust of the return spring 39, as explained above.

Corrélativement, la lampe d'alarme s'allume et signale au pilote l'anomalie constituée par le blocage du boisseau dans l'élément annulaire 22. De plus et surtout, la rotation de l'élément annulaire 22 établit des communications entre les alésages 29 et 29a, en fonction du sens de rotation de l'élément 22 et de la position dans laquelle le boisseau 19 est bloqué dans l'élément annulaire 22. Si, comme dans le cas précédemment décrit, le boisseau 19 tourne dans le sens horaire R, on voit que les passages 33 usinés à la périphérie de l'élément 22 entre les ouvertures 31 de celui-ci, établissent la communication, à partir de la position représentée à la figure 7, entre les alésages 29 contenant du fluide sous pression P, et les alésages 29a reliés à l'utilisation U1.Correlatively, the alarm lamp lights up and signals to the pilot the anomaly constituted by the blocking of the plug in the annular element 22. In addition and above all, the rotation of the annular element 22 establishes communications between the bores 29 and 29a, depending on the direction of rotation of the element 22 and the position in which the plug 19 is locked in the annular element 22. If, as in the case described above, the plug 19 rotates clockwise R , we see that the passages 33 machined at the periphery of the element 22 between the openings 31 thereof, establish communication, from the position shown in Figure 7, between the bores 29 containing pressurized fluid P , and the bores 29a connected to the use U1.

De ce fait, l'huile sous pression passe directement d'un alésage 29 sous pression P à l'alésage 29a voisin relié à l'utilisation, cette communication étant symbolisée par les flèches portées sur la figure 7. Ainsi, selon la position dans laquelle le boisseau 19 est bloqué dans l'élément annulaire 22, les communications par les passages 33 agissent :

  • - à la place des échancrures 28 usinées sur le boisseau 19 si ce dernier est bloqué en position centrale ;
  • - complémentairement au boisseau 19 si le blocage de ce dernier a lieu dans le même sens que la commande ;
  • - par opposition au boisseau 19 si ce dernier est bloqué dans le sens opposé au sens de commande. Cette dernière configuration entraîne une intercommunication des conduits P, U1, U2 et R, et rend inopérantes les chambres du vérin correspondant. L'autre vérin de la servocommande conserve alors l'intégralité de sa puissance et suffit à assurer la manoeuvre désirée.
As a result, the pressurized oil passes directly from a bore 29 under pressure P to the neighboring bore 29a connected to the use, this communication being symbolized by the arrows shown in FIG. 7. Thus, depending on the position in which the plug 19 is blocked in the annular element 22, the communications through the passages 33 act:
  • - in place of the notches 28 machined on the plug 19 if the latter is blocked in the central position;
  • - in addition to plug 19 if the latter is blocked in the same direction as the command;
  • - as opposed to plug 19 if the latter is blocked in the opposite direction to the control direction. This latter configuration causes interconnection of the conduits P, U1, U2 and R, and makes the chambers of the corresponding cylinder inoperative. The other actuator cylinder then retains all of its power and is sufficient to ensure the desired operation.

Ainsi, en cas de blocage accidentel du boisseau 19 par rapport à son chemisage cylindrique 22, celui-ci est entraîné en rotation dès que le couple dépasse une valeur prédéterminée, liée à la poussée de verrouillage exercée par les billes 34 sur l'élément 22, de sorte que la servo-commande de l'appareil continue d'être alimentée normalement en fluide hydraulique sous pression.Thus, in the event of accidental blocking of the plug 19 relative to its cylindrical liner 22, the latter is rotated as soon as the torque exceeds a predetermined value, linked to the locking thrust exerted by the balls 34 on the element 22 , so that the servo control of the device continues to be normally supplied with pressurized hydraulic fluid.

Cependant, cette anomalie est signalée à l'opérateur par l'allumage de la lampe d'alarme, comme indiqué ci-dessus.However, this anomaly is signaled to the operator by the lighting of the alarm lamp, as indicated above.

On voit que le distributeur selon l'invention est considérablement plus avantageux que les réalisations connues, puisqu'il rend superflu le montage de deux distributeurs idenz tiques interconnectés pour assurer une alimentation hydraulique normale en cas de défaillance de l'un d'eux.We see that the dispenser of the invention is considerably more advantageous than the known embodiments, since superfluous makes mounting two distributors iden z ticks interconnected to ensure normal hydraulic supply in case of failure of one of them.

Le distributeur hydraulique selon l'invention est donc beaucoup moins lourd et encombrant que les dispositifs connus, et aussi moins onéreux. Sa fiabilité est excellente, puisqu'il n'y a aucune raison pour que l'élément annulaire 22 soit susceptible d'être lui-même bloqué par rapport à la fourrure fixe 23.The hydraulic distributor according to the invention is therefore much less heavy and bulky than the known devices, and also less expensive. Its reliability is excellent, since there is no reason for the annular element 22 to be capable of being itself blocked with respect to the fixed fur 23.

Le dispositif de test du système de verrouillage (41, 42, 38, 37, 38') de 11-élément annulaire 22 au moyen du vérin 47 et de son ressort de poussée 49, permet avantageusement au pilote de vérifier le bon fonctionnement de ce système de sécurité, la chambre hydraulique 56 étant dépressurisée.The device for testing the locking system (41, 42, 38, 37, 38 ') of 11-annular element 22 by means of the jack 47 and its thrust spring 49, advantageously allows the pilot to verify the proper functioning of this safety system, the hydraulic chamber 56 being depressurized.

Après quoi, le pilote met cette chambre sous pression, et l'élément annulaire 22 revient automatiquement à sa position normale, sous la sollicitation élastique exercée par le dispositif de rappel (39,41), les billes 34 revenant au fond,de leurs encoches 35 dans leur position normale.After which, the pilot pressurizes this chamber, and the annular element 22 automatically returns to its normal position, under the elastic stress exerted by the return device (39,41), the balls 34 returning to the bottom, from their notches 35 in their normal position.

L'invention n'est pas limitée à la forme de réalisation décrite et peut comporter de nombreuses variantes d'exécution. Ainsi, on peut remplacer le. dispositif de test en pression du système de verrouillage de l'élément 22 par tous autres moyens équivalents. On peut aussi, en fonction du volume disponible, placer l'ensemble : ressort 39, poussoir 41, 42 et contacteur 44 dans le prolongement de l'axe du distributeur, ce qui supprime le levier 38, l'axe 43 et les éléments annexes.The invention is not limited to the embodiment described and may include numerous variant embodiments. So we can replace the. pressure test device for the locking system of the element 22 by any other equivalent means. It is also possible, depending on the available volume, to place the assembly: spring 39, pusher 41, 42 and contactor 44 in the extension of the axis of the distributor, which eliminates the lever 38, the axis 43 and the ancillary elements. .

Claims (6)

1. Distributeur hydraulique, destiné notamment à équiper des servo-commandes d'avions et d'hélicoptères, comprenant un boisseau monté rotativement dans une fourrure fixe logée dans un corps et percée d'alésages pour l'entrée sous pression et la sortie à la bâche d'un fluide hydraulique, des passages à ouverture progressive étant agencés sur la périphérie du boisseau pour assurer la circulation du fluide hydraulique d'un alésage à l'autre de la fourrure quand le boisseau tourne, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un élément annulaire interposé entre la fourrure et le boisseau, percé d'ouvertures radiales dans le prolongement des alésages de la fourrure fixe et sur la périphérie duquel sont usinés des passages autorisant un transfert progressif du fluide hydraulique d'un alésage de la fourrure fixe à l'alésage voisin si cet élément annulaire est mis en rotation, et en ce que des moyens de verrouillage sont prévus pour maintenir normalement fixe l'élément annulaire lors de la rotation du boisseau, et pour permettre l'entraînement en rotation de l'élément annulaire par le boisseau en cas de grippage de ce dernier dans ledit élément annulaire, afin d'autoriser alors la circulation du fluide hydraulique d'un alésage à un autre par les passages de l'élément annulaire.1. Hydraulic distributor, intended in particular to equip servo-controls of airplanes and helicopters, comprising a plug mounted rotatably in a fixed fur housed in a body and pierced with bores for the pressure entry and the exit to the tank of hydraulic fluid, passages with progressive opening being arranged on the periphery of the plug to ensure the circulation of the hydraulic fluid from one bore to the other of the fur when the plug turns, characterized in that it comprises a annular element interposed between the fur and the plug, pierced with radial openings in the extension of the bores of the fixed fur and on the periphery of which are machined passages allowing a gradual transfer of the hydraulic fluid from a bore of the fixed fur to the neighboring bore if this annular element is rotated, and in that locking means are provided to keep the annular element normally fixed during the rotation of the bo isseau, and to allow the rotary element to be driven in rotation by the plug in the event of the latter jamming in said annular element, so as to then allow the circulation of hydraulic fluid from one bore to another through the passages of the annular element. 2. Distributeur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le boisseau est monté sur des roulements à aiguilles dans l'élément annulaire.2. Distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that the plug is mounted on needle bearings in the annular element. 3. Distributeur selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour maintenir l'élément annulaire fixe pendant le fonctionnement normal du distributeur et pour le libérer en rotation en cas de grippage du boisseau par rapport audit élément comprennent des billes, de préférence au nombre de trois, distantes d'écarts angulaires égaux, engagées partiellement dans des encoches correspondantes aux rampes en V usinées sur une extrémité de l'élément annulaire et pouvant coulisser dans des ouvertures d'un plateau fixé au corps du distributeur, et en ce que lesdits moyens comportent un second plateau sollicité élastiquement contre les billes par un balancier lui-même poussé par un organe élastique logé dans le corps, de telle sorte que si le couple nécessaire pour faire tourner le boisseau dans l'élément annulaire devient supérieur à une valeur prédéterminée, l'élément annulaire est entraîné en rotation, repousse les billes vers l'extérieur de leurs encoches à l'encontre de la sollicitation antagoniste du plateau et du balancier et autorise la distribution de fluide hydraulique prévue.3. Distributor according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the means for holding the annular element fixed during normal operation of the distributor and for releasing it in rotation in the event of jamming of the plug relative to said element comprise balls, preferably three in number, distant from equal angular deviations, partially engaged in notches corresponding to the V-shaped ramps machined on one end of the annular element and capable of sliding in the openings of a plate fixed to the body of the distributor , and in that said means comprise a second plate elastically urged against the balls by a pendulum itself pushed by an elastic member housed in the body, so that if the torque required to rotate the plug in the annular element becomes greater than a predetermined value, the annular element is driven in rotation, pushes them back balls to the outside of their notches against the opposing stress of the plate and of the balance and authorizes the distribution of the hydraulic fluid provided. 4. Distributeur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'organe élastique agit sur le balancier par l'intermédiaire d'un poussoir qui coopère avec un contacteur électrique allumant une lampe d'alarme lorsque les billes repoussent le balancier contre l'action du ressort corrélativement à une rotation de l'élément annulaire.4. Distributor according to claim 3, characterized in that the elastic member acts on the balance by means of a pusher which cooperates with an electrical contactor lighting an alarm lamp when the balls repel the balance against the action of the spring correlatively to a rotation of the annular element. 5. Distributeur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il est muni d'un dispositif de test du bon fonctionnement des moyens de verrouillage et de libération en rotation de l'élément annulaire.5. Distributor according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it is provided with a device for testing the proper functioning of the locking means and release in rotation of the annular element. 6. Distributeur selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif précité comprend un vérin logé dans le corps, actionné par un organe élastique qui le sollicite contre un bras radial d'un collier monté à une extrémité de l'élément annulaire et solidarisé avec celui-ci en rotation, de façon à tendre à faire tourner ledit élément annulaire et à déclencher l'alarme, et en ce que ce vérin est positionné dans une chambre communiquant avec le circuit hydraulique de telle sorte que, lorsque ladite chambre est pressurisée par le fluide hydraulique, ce dernier exerce sur le vérin une pression antagoniste et supérieure à celle de son organe élastique de poussée, et ramène en conséquence l'élément annulaire à sa position initiale verrouillée en rotation.6. Distributor according to claim 5, characterized in that the aforementioned device comprises a jack housed in the body, actuated by an elastic member which urges it against a radial arm of a collar mounted at one end of the annular element and secured with the latter in rotation, so as to tend to rotate said annular element and to trigger the alarm, and in that this jack is positioned in a chamber communicating with the hydraulic circuit so that, when said chamber is pressurized by the hydraulic fluid, the latter exerts on the cylinder a pressure that is antagonistic and greater than that of its elastic thrust member, and consequently returns the annular element to its initial position locked in rotation.
EP80400878A 1979-07-03 1980-06-17 Hydraulic directional valve, especially for servocontrols in aeroplanes and helicopters Expired EP0021977B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7917184 1979-07-03
FR7917184A FR2460435A1 (en) 1979-07-03 1979-07-03 HYDRAULIC DISPENSER, IN PARTICULAR FOR EQUIPPING AIRCRAFT AND HELICOPTER SERVO CONTROLS

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EP0021977A1 true EP0021977A1 (en) 1981-01-07
EP0021977B1 EP0021977B1 (en) 1982-12-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80400878A Expired EP0021977B1 (en) 1979-07-03 1980-06-17 Hydraulic directional valve, especially for servocontrols in aeroplanes and helicopters

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4335745A (en)
EP (1) EP0021977B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3061498D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2460435A1 (en)

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FR2549167A1 (en) * 1983-07-13 1985-01-18 Applic Mach Motrices HYDRAULIC DISTRIBUTOR FOR EQUIPPING AN AIRCRAFT CONTROL
CN103759043A (en) * 2014-01-02 2014-04-30 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 Rotary valve

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US4694849A (en) * 1984-07-23 1987-09-22 Rampen William H S Hydraulic control valves
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FR2747174B1 (en) * 1996-04-03 1998-07-10 Samm Societe D Applic Des Mach HYDRAULIC DISTRIBUTOR FOR AIRCRAFT SERVO CONTROLS, ESPECIALLY HELICOPTERS
US5979504A (en) * 1996-05-02 1999-11-09 Caterpillar Inc. Rotary control valve
DE19926429A1 (en) 1999-06-10 2000-12-14 Zf Luftfahrttechnik Gmbh Device for locking several actuators at the same time
GB0310969D0 (en) * 2003-05-13 2003-06-18 Ricardo Uk Linmited Clutches
FR2916492B1 (en) * 2007-05-24 2009-07-17 Eurocopter France HYDRAULIC DISPENSER HAVING A GRIPPING DETECTION DEVICE
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GB2522744B (en) 2014-11-14 2016-03-16 Blagdon Actuation Res Ltd Servo actuators
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CN103759043B (en) * 2014-01-02 2016-08-17 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 A kind of rotary valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2460435B1 (en) 1981-07-31
EP0021977B1 (en) 1982-12-29
US4335745A (en) 1982-06-22
FR2460435A1 (en) 1981-01-23
DE3061498D1 (en) 1983-02-03

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