EP0014650A1 - Adaptives Höchstfrequenz-Raumfilter und dessen Verfahren der Anwendung zur Abschwächung oder Unterdrückung der Nebenzipfel des Strahlungsdiagrammes einer Antenne - Google Patents
Adaptives Höchstfrequenz-Raumfilter und dessen Verfahren der Anwendung zur Abschwächung oder Unterdrückung der Nebenzipfel des Strahlungsdiagrammes einer Antenne Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0014650A1 EP0014650A1 EP80400164A EP80400164A EP0014650A1 EP 0014650 A1 EP0014650 A1 EP 0014650A1 EP 80400164 A EP80400164 A EP 80400164A EP 80400164 A EP80400164 A EP 80400164A EP 0014650 A1 EP0014650 A1 EP 0014650A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- wires
- diodes
- spatial filter
- network
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/002—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing at least two patterns of different beamwidth; Variable beamwidth antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
- H01Q3/2611—Means for null steering; Adaptive interference nulling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
- H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
Definitions
- the present invention in which Messrs. Claude CHEKROUN, Yves MICHEL and Henri SADONES participated, relates to a spatial filter for attenuating or canceling certain secondary lobes of the radiation pattern of microwave antennas, as well as the applications of this filter to eliminating the effects active or passive interference (jammers, clutter of ground, sea echoes, etc.) during reception on the antenna, to the detection and location of several jammers likely to blind the antenna on reception , and also the applications of this filter to partial and local attenuation on reception of an antenna.
- Another method currently under development is also being proposed to reduce the effects of jammers on the antenna which consists of. associate with the main directive antenna a much less directive secondary antenna and subtract from the signals received by the main antenna those received by the secondary antenna.
- the gain of the secondary antenna being substantially constant for all directions of the monitored space, the energy received from a possible jammer will be of the same order of magnitude as that coming from the target in the secondary antenna, which n 'is not the case for the main antenna in which the gain in the direction of the jammer is low.
- the filter uses for its production, as will be seen, an extremely simple technology and employs a very small number of commands, this gives the applications which result therefrom a great interest both in terms of technological simplicity, simplicity of implementation. and order only in terms of cost.
- this filter applies to any antenna, whether mechanical scanning or electronic scanning, which emits a linearly polarized wave. It consists of a network of parallel wires, which are placed parallel to the electric field vector of the microwave plane wave, charged by resistors whose values vary continuously as a function of the intensity of the currents which that we can modulate at will in each thread. As a function of the law of distribution of the currents in the parallel wires charged with network resistances, there is a spatial modulation of the amplitude of the wave passing through the network.
- the network of parallel wires consists of parallel conducting wires, parallel to the electric field vector of the wave emitted by the antenna, carrying diodes placed in series and distributed at a constant pitch on each sons.
- Each diode-carrying wire is supplied with electric current for biasing the diodes in the passing direction, by means of a switch which makes it possible to vary the intensities of this direct current over a wide range of values from the microampere to the tens of milliamps.
- a switch which makes it possible to vary the intensities of this direct current over a wide range of values from the microampere to the tens of milliamps.
- the intensity modulation is weak for a step of less than one wavelength of the microwave energy in the case of PIN diodes.
- the invention consists in interposing on the wave path an adaptive spatial filter constituted by a network of multiple conducting wires on which resistors of modular values are mounted in series as a function of the intensities which pass through them by a modulation of the intensity of the currents in the wires, the resistors acquire different values and thus act in a variable way on the microwave wave by modifying its amplitude and not its phase.
- diodes in which the intensity of the currents is varied. Diodes with this property are well known and exist on the market. These are PIN diodes in which it is possible to control the microwave resistance directly by means of static bias current: this controls the Joule losses in the diode.
- Such diodes have been used in particular antennas, such as the TACAN antennas making it possible to obtain rotating radiation, as described in French patent 2,379,177
- a rotating radiation antenna consists of a cone whose structure fundamental is modified by modulation fins placed in radial planes and each comprising a pair of diodes in series receiving modulated currents, located on circles concentric to the axis of the antenna cone by modifying the currents in the diodes placed at the Within the TACAN antenna on the radial fins, it is possible to rotate the radiation pattern of the antenna during the emission of the microwave wave.
- the modulation is a static modulation of the groups of two diodes, the amplitude of the modulation and the period (15 Hz) being constant.
- the filter placed on the path of the wave makes it possible to attenuate or cancel upon reception the radiation in directions other than that of the main lobe: the modulation of the intensities of the currents in the wires on which the diodes are mounted is a modulation with a spatial period (function of the directions concerned). This modulation of the current intensities in the wires remaining constant over time, as long as the radiation must be canceled in the directions concerned.
- the filter adapts to fixed microwave antennas, mechanical scanning antennas, electronic scanning antennas in a plane perpendicular to the electric field vector of the emitted microwave wave.
- the filter will apply especially well to scanning antennas which have, by construction, higher lateral lobes than those of conventional antennas.
- the filter according to the invention is the reduction of the side lobes of the reception diagram of an antenna radiating to the transmission in a uniform manner. It is indeed possible to concentrate, on emission, the energy on the target since the uniform radiation of the antenna gives the maximum gain in the direction of the target, and to greatly decrease the reception in the reception in directions other than that of the target by causing a spatial weighting of the energy received, thanks to a law of distribution of the appropriate intensities.
- FIG. 1 An example is given below of the embodiment of a filter comprising four arrays of diode wires according to the invention with reference to FIG. 1.
- 31 conductive wires (1) of 4/10 copper mm in diameter are placed parallel to each other.
- Each of the wires carries PIN diodes (2) (type HP 5082-3080) placed in series, uniformly distributed, the distance (3) between two diodes on the same wire being 21 mm.
- the wires are spaced from each other by a spacing (4) of 56 mm. All of these wires are placed in the center of a polyethylene strip (5) whose radioelectric constant ⁇ R is equal to 2.35 and the loss tangent of 4.10 -4 , the thickness (6) of this strip is 36 mm.
- a battery (8) of 31 switches is connected to the 4 x 31 wires and allows each of the 31 lines to be polarized with currents varying from 200 microamps to 20 milliamps in times less than 20 nanoseconds.
- FIG. 3 An example of distribution of the current intensities in the diode wires is given in FIG. 3: diagram on which the position of the wires is shown on the abscissa and the current intensity on the ordinates. This distribution is provided for the application described below for the determination of 3 jammers in the case of an antenna of the type below.
- FIG. 4 shows in dotted lines (9) the diagram of the antenna pointing in a direction (10) in bearing when all the wires are polarized uniformly with currents of 30 milliamps.
- solid line (11) the modified diagram on which after normalization to the initial diagram we note that three "hollows” (12) (13) (14) have been created in three directions (-37 °, 20 °, 37 °) corresponding with 3 active jammers lighting the antenna in these directions.
- the diagram (17) corresponds to the diagram when the wires are uniformly polarized.
- the diagram (15) has a "dip” in the direction (18) of 54 ° and the diagram (16) has a “dip” in the direction (19) of 32 °,
- the search for one or more active scramblers for a given pointing direction will be carried out in less than a microsecond.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Noise Elimination (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT80400164T ATE3347T1 (de) | 1979-02-05 | 1980-02-04 | Adaptives hoechstfrequenz-raumfilter und dessen verfahren der anwendung zur abschwaechung oder unterdrueckung der nebenzipfel des strahlungsdiagrammes einer antenne. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7902918A FR2448231A1 (fr) | 1979-02-05 | 1979-02-05 | Filtre spatial adaptatif hyperfrequence |
FR7902918 | 1979-02-05 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0014650A1 true EP0014650A1 (de) | 1980-08-20 |
EP0014650B1 EP0014650B1 (de) | 1983-05-11 |
Family
ID=9221612
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP80400164A Expired EP0014650B1 (de) | 1979-02-05 | 1980-02-04 | Adaptives Höchstfrequenz-Raumfilter und dessen Verfahren der Anwendung zur Abschwächung oder Unterdrückung der Nebenzipfel des Strahlungsdiagrammes einer Antenne |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4344077A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0014650B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE3347T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE3063006D1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2448231A1 (de) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0035439B1 (de) * | 1980-03-04 | 1984-10-24 | Thomson-Csf | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entstörung einer mit elektronischer Strahlschwenkung arbeitenden Radarantenne und mit einer solchen Vorrichtung ausgestattetes Radar |
EP0241380A1 (de) * | 1986-04-11 | 1987-10-14 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Strahlfokussierung von Gruppenantennen auf einen Prüfpunkt |
FR2629920A1 (fr) * | 1984-01-23 | 1989-10-13 | Cmh Sarl | Filtre spatial adaptatif hyperfrequence fonctionnant a la reflexion et son procede de mise en oeuvre |
GB2266995A (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1993-11-17 | Radant Etudes | Microwave spatial attenuator panel |
FR2718248A1 (fr) * | 1986-01-20 | 1995-10-06 | Thomson Csf Radant | Procédé d'exploitation par le calcul de signaux radar et dispositif pour sa mise en Óoeuvre. |
GB2300523A (en) * | 1983-05-06 | 1996-11-06 | Cmh Sarl | Anti-jamming measure |
FR2736778A1 (fr) * | 1988-05-06 | 1997-01-17 | Bony Gerard | Procede et systeme pour l'attenuation de l'effet de brouilleurs sur une antenne de reception de signaux radioelectriques |
GB2462870A (en) * | 1981-04-30 | 2010-03-03 | Radant Etudes | Method of and device for producing phase-shifts in a beam of microwave electromagnetic waves |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2514203B1 (fr) * | 1981-10-05 | 1986-04-25 | Radant Etudes | Filtre adaptatif spatial hyperfrequence pour antenne a polarisation quelconque et son procede de mise en oeuvre |
FR2740615B2 (fr) * | 1982-10-04 | 1997-11-28 | Radant Etudes | Panneau attenuateur spatial hyperfrequence pour ondes electromagnetiques a direction quelconque |
FR2732469B1 (fr) * | 1984-01-23 | 1997-04-11 | Cmh Sarl | Dispositif utilisant une antenne auxiliaire equipee d'un filtre spatial adaptatif pour l'embrouillage d'une antenne principale associee, et son procede de mise en oeuvre |
US4604629A (en) * | 1984-04-23 | 1986-08-05 | Hazeltine Corporation | Axial conductance angular filter |
FR2714768B1 (fr) * | 1984-07-12 | 1996-07-05 | Radant Etudes | Dispositif de balayage électronique à lentille active et source illuminatrice intégrée. |
US4638324A (en) * | 1984-12-10 | 1987-01-20 | Hazeltine Corporation | Resistive loop angular filter |
DE3744511A1 (de) * | 1987-12-30 | 1989-07-20 | Axel Dr Ing Sedlmeyer | Verfahren zur gesteuerten verteilung im spektralbereich der elektromagnetischen bzw. akustischen energie, die einen beliebig geformten koerper durchstrahlt oder/und von diesem reflektiert wird, um die detektierbarkeit zu erschweren, sowie zur indirekten reduzierung des rueckstrahlquerschnitts |
FR2738398B1 (fr) * | 1988-04-08 | 1997-11-28 | Thomson Csf Radant | Panneau dephaseur a diodes et son application a une lentille hyperfrequence et une antenne a balayage electronique |
FR2656468B1 (fr) * | 1989-12-26 | 1993-12-24 | Thomson Csf Radant | Source de rayonnement microonde magique et son application a une antenne a balayage electronique. |
FR2747842B1 (fr) * | 1990-06-15 | 1998-09-11 | Thomson Csf Radant | Lentille hyperfrequence multibande et son application a une antenne a balayage electronique |
FR2725077B1 (fr) * | 1990-11-06 | 1997-03-28 | Thomson Csf Radant | Lentille hyperfrequence bipolarisation et son application a une antenne a balayage electronique |
FR2671194B1 (fr) * | 1990-12-27 | 1993-12-24 | Thomson Csf Radant | Systeme de protection d'un equipement electronique. |
US5170169A (en) * | 1991-05-31 | 1992-12-08 | Millitech Corporation | Quasi-optical transmission/reflection switch and millimeter-wave imaging system using the same |
FR2786610B1 (fr) | 1997-02-03 | 2001-04-27 | Thomson Csf | Reflecteur hyperfrequence actif pour antenne a balayage electronique |
SE513226C2 (sv) | 1998-12-03 | 2000-08-07 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Kontinuerligt apertursvepande antenn |
FR2789521A1 (fr) | 1999-02-05 | 2000-08-11 | Thomson Csf | Antenne a balayage electronique bi-bande, a reflecteur hyperfrequence actif |
FR2801729B1 (fr) * | 1999-11-26 | 2007-02-09 | Thomson Csf | Reflecteur hyperfrequence actif a balayage electronique |
FR2807213B1 (fr) | 2000-03-31 | 2003-07-25 | Thomson Csf | Dephaseur hyperfrequence, et antenne a balayage electronique comportant de tels dephaseurs |
FR2812457B1 (fr) | 2000-07-28 | 2004-05-28 | Thomson Csf | Reflecteur hyperfrequence actif a bi-polarisation, notamment pour antenne a balalyage electronique |
US6885355B2 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2005-04-26 | Harris Corporation | Spatial filtering surface operative with antenna aperture for modifying aperture electric field |
US6806843B2 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2004-10-19 | Harris Corporation | Antenna system with active spatial filtering surface |
US20060082511A1 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2006-04-20 | Osterhues Gordon D | Electronically controlled dual polarizer |
US7420523B1 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2008-09-02 | Radant Technologies, Inc. | B-sandwich radome fabrication |
US7463212B1 (en) | 2005-09-14 | 2008-12-09 | Radant Technologies, Inc. | Lightweight C-sandwich radome fabrication |
EP2618128A1 (de) * | 2012-01-19 | 2013-07-24 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Erkennungsvorrichtung, Detektor und Bilderzeugungsvorrichtung damit |
US9099782B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 | 2015-08-04 | Cpi Radant Technologies Division Inc. | Lightweight, multiband, high angle sandwich radome structure for millimeter wave frequencies |
Citations (6)
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US3392393A (en) * | 1962-05-03 | 1968-07-09 | Csf | Electrically controlled scanning antennas having a plurality of wave diffracting elements for varying the phase shift of a generated wave |
US3413637A (en) * | 1967-04-12 | 1968-11-26 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Multifunction antenna having selective radiation patterns |
US3708796A (en) * | 1969-10-15 | 1973-01-02 | B Gilbert | Electrically controlled dielectric panel lens |
US3955201A (en) * | 1974-07-29 | 1976-05-04 | Crump Lloyd R | Radar randome antenna with switchable R.F. transparency/reflectivity |
US4021812A (en) * | 1975-09-11 | 1977-05-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Layered dielectric filter for sidelobe suppression |
FR2379177A1 (fr) * | 1976-06-21 | 1978-08-25 | Hoffman Electronics Corp | Antenne produisant electriquement un motif de rayonnement tournant |
Family Cites Families (10)
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US2959783A (en) * | 1948-03-16 | 1960-11-08 | Iams Harley | Scanning antennas using dielectric with variable refraction |
US2867801A (en) * | 1953-09-14 | 1959-01-06 | Elliott Brothers London Ltd | High frequency radio aerials |
US2986734A (en) * | 1958-07-02 | 1961-05-30 | Mini Of Supply | Electromagnetic wave lens and mirror systems |
US3213454A (en) * | 1960-03-21 | 1965-10-19 | Litton Ind Of Maryland | Frequency scanned antenna array |
US3276023A (en) * | 1963-05-21 | 1966-09-27 | Dorne And Margolin Inc | Grid array antenna |
US3354461A (en) * | 1963-11-15 | 1967-11-21 | Kenneth S Kelleher | Steerable antenna array |
US3569974A (en) * | 1967-12-26 | 1971-03-09 | Raytheon Co | Dual polarization microwave energy phase shifter for phased array antenna systems |
US3961333A (en) * | 1974-08-29 | 1976-06-01 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Radome wire grid having low pass frequency characteristics |
US4169268A (en) * | 1976-04-19 | 1979-09-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Metallic grating spatial filter for directional beam forming antenna |
FR2395620A1 (fr) * | 1977-06-24 | 1979-01-19 | Radant Etudes | Perfectionnement au procede de balayage electronique utilisant des panneaux dielectriques dephaseurs |
-
1979
- 1979-02-05 FR FR7902918A patent/FR2448231A1/fr active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-01-31 US US06/117,243 patent/US4344077A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-02-04 EP EP80400164A patent/EP0014650B1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-02-04 AT AT80400164T patent/ATE3347T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-02-04 DE DE8080400164T patent/DE3063006D1/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3392393A (en) * | 1962-05-03 | 1968-07-09 | Csf | Electrically controlled scanning antennas having a plurality of wave diffracting elements for varying the phase shift of a generated wave |
US3413637A (en) * | 1967-04-12 | 1968-11-26 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Multifunction antenna having selective radiation patterns |
US3708796A (en) * | 1969-10-15 | 1973-01-02 | B Gilbert | Electrically controlled dielectric panel lens |
US3955201A (en) * | 1974-07-29 | 1976-05-04 | Crump Lloyd R | Radar randome antenna with switchable R.F. transparency/reflectivity |
US4021812A (en) * | 1975-09-11 | 1977-05-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Layered dielectric filter for sidelobe suppression |
FR2379177A1 (fr) * | 1976-06-21 | 1978-08-25 | Hoffman Electronics Corp | Antenne produisant electriquement un motif de rayonnement tournant |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0035439B1 (de) * | 1980-03-04 | 1984-10-24 | Thomson-Csf | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entstörung einer mit elektronischer Strahlschwenkung arbeitenden Radarantenne und mit einer solchen Vorrichtung ausgestattetes Radar |
FR2693039A1 (fr) * | 1981-04-28 | 1993-12-31 | Radant Etudes | Panneau atténuateur spatial hyperfréquence. |
GB2266995B (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1994-04-13 | Radant Etudes | Microwave spatial attenuator panel |
GB2266995A (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1993-11-17 | Radant Etudes | Microwave spatial attenuator panel |
GB2462870B (en) * | 1981-04-30 | 2010-07-21 | Radant Etudes | Method of and device for producing phase-shifts in a beam of microwave electromagnetic waves |
GB2462870A (en) * | 1981-04-30 | 2010-03-03 | Radant Etudes | Method of and device for producing phase-shifts in a beam of microwave electromagnetic waves |
GB2300523A (en) * | 1983-05-06 | 1996-11-06 | Cmh Sarl | Anti-jamming measure |
GB2300523B (en) * | 1983-05-06 | 1997-03-19 | Cmh Sarl | Anti-detection of radar |
FR2629920A1 (fr) * | 1984-01-23 | 1989-10-13 | Cmh Sarl | Filtre spatial adaptatif hyperfrequence fonctionnant a la reflexion et son procede de mise en oeuvre |
FR2718248A1 (fr) * | 1986-01-20 | 1995-10-06 | Thomson Csf Radant | Procédé d'exploitation par le calcul de signaux radar et dispositif pour sa mise en Óoeuvre. |
US4870423A (en) * | 1986-04-11 | 1989-09-26 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique French Public Establishment | Method and device for focusing, on one point to be examined, the antennae of an antenna array |
FR2597268A1 (fr) * | 1986-04-11 | 1987-10-16 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede et dispositif de focalisation, sur un point a examiner, des antennes d'un reseau |
EP0241380A1 (de) * | 1986-04-11 | 1987-10-14 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Strahlfokussierung von Gruppenantennen auf einen Prüfpunkt |
FR2736778A1 (fr) * | 1988-05-06 | 1997-01-17 | Bony Gerard | Procede et systeme pour l'attenuation de l'effet de brouilleurs sur une antenne de reception de signaux radioelectriques |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2448231B1 (de) | 1983-06-24 |
FR2448231A1 (fr) | 1980-08-29 |
DE3063006D1 (en) | 1983-06-16 |
ATE3347T1 (de) | 1983-05-15 |
US4344077A (en) | 1982-08-10 |
EP0014650B1 (de) | 1983-05-11 |
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