EP0007413B1 - Process for sealing of walls from water pressure or infiltration - Google Patents

Process for sealing of walls from water pressure or infiltration Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0007413B1
EP0007413B1 EP79101881A EP79101881A EP0007413B1 EP 0007413 B1 EP0007413 B1 EP 0007413B1 EP 79101881 A EP79101881 A EP 79101881A EP 79101881 A EP79101881 A EP 79101881A EP 0007413 B1 EP0007413 B1 EP 0007413B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
sealing
plastics
wall
plastic
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP79101881A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0007413A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Kolling
Hans Olschak
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Huels Troisdorf AG
Dynamit Nobel AG
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Huels Troisdorf AG
Dynamit Nobel AG
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Priority to AT79101881T priority Critical patent/ATE1959T1/en
Publication of EP0007413A1 publication Critical patent/EP0007413A1/en
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Publication of EP0007413B1 publication Critical patent/EP0007413B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sealing of walls or vaults against pressurized and / or seepage water, consisting of a multilayer, waterproof PVC plastic sheet and a nonwoven made of plastic fibers or plastic fibers connected to the side of the wall or the vault and connected to the plastic sheet threads as a carrier adhesive layer for a primer layer made of shotcrete or plaster, as well as with means for point-by-point fastening of the seal. on the wall or the vault or a base layer applied thereon.
  • a sealing of walls against pressurized water and seepage water is already known from Swiss patent specification 441 417, in which a multi-layer sealing element is attached to the wall to be sealed.
  • the multilayer sealing element here has a water-permeable and elastically flexible and at least one flexible waterproof layer.
  • the water-permeable layer of the sealing element is applied directly to the wall or to a supporting layer applied to the wall and it serves to absorb the water that arises from the wall and to discharge it laterally and also acts as a cushion for the waterproof layer to avoid injuries the same.
  • a protective layer made of a fibrous sheet material such as leather, textile, glass or mineral fibers, which are woven into a fleece, can be provided in order to prevent the waterproof layer from being rubbed off or punctured .
  • the actual lining layer made of exposed concrete is then applied to the multilayer sealing element.
  • tarpaulins with a waterproof plastic layer and a porous layer are known, which are used as tarpaulins, hall tarpaulins, etc. and in which the porous layer serves to absorb condensation, moisture, etc. and to discharge them.
  • fibers can be provided in the manner of a brush either with the waterproof plastic layer via an adhesive layer or else with the waterproof plastic layer via a curable adhesive layer, tangled fibers, e.g. B. plastic fibers or glass fibers.
  • drainage elements consist of porous, water-draining and also final waterproof layers, see z. B. D E-A-2 327 618.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a sealing of walls against pressurized and leachate, in which the disadvantages of the known method according to the Swiss patent 441 417 are avoided and in particular the application of the shotcrete layer, i. H. the concrete lining layer directly on the multi-layer sealing element with sufficient adhesion is possible. In this case, the sagging (quilt effect) of the sealing membrane, which is fastened at certain points, should also be avoided.
  • a multilayer plastic sealing membrane consisting of a waterproof layer and a water-permeable layer connected to the entire surface thereof, which is characterized in that the waterproof plastic membrane consists of two layers of soft PVC plastic, the first layer having a thickness of 0.5 to 3 mm is connected to the fastening means and a tangled fiber mat with a density between 15 and 35 kg / m 3 and a thickness of 5 to 25 mm is embedded in the second layer with a thickness of 0.5 to 2 mm, the rigidity of the seal is selected so that sagging is avoided with point-by-point attachment.
  • the tangled fiber mat in conjunction with the waterproof layer, represents a carrier adhesive layer for the concrete to be subsequently applied, in particular shotcrete, with which the interstices of the tangled fiber mat are filled.
  • the waterproof plastic layer and the tangled fiber mat form a mat that is still flexible, but with a limited stiffness that overcomes the dead weight within the point-by-point fastening areas, to which the shotcrete can be applied in a direct process without further aids, adheres to it and, after hardening, a firm one Lining base layer forms.
  • the actual lining made of concrete can then be applied to this layer in a direct coating process.
  • the sealing of walls against pressurized and seepage water is carried out using a multi-layer sealing membrane attached to the wall or a support layer applied to the wall and a lining layer made of concrete in such a way that the sealing membrane is punctually with its waterproof plastic layer side on the wall or Base layer is attached and the kill on the wall or base layer Tangled fiber mat arranged on the wall side is filled with a first lining layer as a primer made of shotcrete and a second lining layer made of concrete or the like is applied thereon.
  • the invention makes it possible to produce seals for walls, in particular made of natural rock, which carry leachate and / or pressurized water efficiently, with both the sealing functions, mechanical protection of the sealing sheet through a certain elasticity and adhesive carrier function for a shotcrete at the same time with only a two-layer sealing sheet be taken over.
  • the geomembrane has so much flexibility that it can be adapted to vaults etc. and still does not sag after being fastened in places.
  • At least partially plastic-coated disks are provided as fastening means, which are fastened to the wall by means of screws or the like, and which are welded or glued to the plastic sheet over the composite surfaces.
  • a tangled fiber mat made of polyamide threads or wires is preferably used for the multilayer sealing membrane.
  • resistant plastic material preferably polyamide, e.g. B. also polyolefins, such as polypropylene, constructed in such a way that a voluminous three-dimensional mat is formed with such spaces that they can be filled with shotcrete.
  • Such tangled fiber mats are known as single mats for erosion protection, whereby they are load-distributing in the ground and at the same time are porous and water-permeable.
  • they represent a combination sheet with a surprising effect for sealing with concrete lining.
  • the same plastic is preferably used for both plastic layers of the waterproof sheet, in particular soft PVC plastisol.
  • the tangled fiber mat can be embedded in the second layer of soft PVC plastisol in the ungelled state in a simple manner and anchored by gelling.
  • prefabricated plastic sheeting e.g. B. by calendering or extruding webs made of soft PVC with a further, the embedded embedding fiber mat receiving plastic layer.
  • Plastisols are understood to mean polyvinyl chloride pastes, i.e. H. PVC powder slurries in plasticizers without any added volatiles.
  • the main area of application of the multilayer waterproofing membrane according to the invention is the sealing of structures in natural stone, such as tunnels, tunnels, channels, which are sealed against pressurized and / or seepage water.
  • the rock 1 is shown in sections, the rough surface of which can be smoothed with a base layer 2 made of shotcrete. It is now necessary to provide a water pressure-maintaining seal between this wall and the actual lining of a tunnel or vault or gallery in the form of an inner shell, which usually consists of a correspondingly waterproof plastic film.
  • the two-layer sealing sheet 4, 9 is used so that the waterproof layer of plastic 4 comes to rest on the base layer 2 or in the absence of the base layer 2 on the rock 1, while the side of the sealing sheet formed by the tangled fiber mat 9 Interior of the building to be lined facing.
  • There are various methods of fastening the sealing membrane to the base layer 2 a point-by-point fastening is shown in the drawing.
  • plate-shaped or plate-shaped disks 8, which are at least partially covered with a plastic layer 3, are fastened at the required intervals in the base layer 2 or the rock 1 by means of, for example, screws 7.
  • the two-layer sealing membrane on the plastic surfaces of the disks 8 can, for. B. source welded, high frequency welded or glued, see composite surface 10. Pressure and leachate is discharged down into the remaining space between the waterproof layer 4 and the base layer 2.
  • the plastics known in construction and sealing are suitable, in particular thermoplastic materials based on soft PVC.
  • the thickness of the waterproof layer depends on the area of use and on the plastic used, and is generally between 0.5 and 3 mm, preferably between 1 and 2 mm. It is also possible to combine an extruded or calendered film made of soft PVC with a plastisol layer.
  • the multilayer sealing membrane can advantageously be produced with waterproof layers of soft PVC plastisols.
  • a first layer of soft PVC plastisol is applied, for example, to a steel carrier tape and gelled at a temperature of 160 to 2000C, then a second layer of soft PVC plastisol is applied at room temperature and this is still in the ungelled, ie plastic state layer is partially inserted into the random fiber mat 9 and then the soft PVC plastisol is gelled by heating in a temperature range between 160 to 250 ° C.
  • the anchoring and connection with the tangled fiber mat and the plastic layers take place simultaneously. Partial embedding of the random fiber mat is to be understood to mean that, in terms of its thickness, it is only in one relatively small area is embedded in the plastic layer.
  • the two-layer waterproofing membrane according to the invention provides the prerequisite for spraying a primer layer of shotcrete directly onto the waterproofing membrane attached to the base layer 2, filling the voids of the random fiber mat and additionally applying a continuous layer of concrete as a covering for the random fiber mat and can solidify stubbornly.
  • This primer layer made of shotcrete is designated 5 in the drawing.
  • the tangled fiber mat thus forms the carrier adhesive layer for the primer layer 5 made of shotcrete.
  • the actual lining layer 6 made of concrete, which forms the inner shell can be applied, the perfect adhesion to the primer layer 5 and already the arch shape being predetermined by the primer layer 5 with the two-layer sealing sheet 9, 4.
  • the sealing membrane according to the invention can be used in a variety of ways, particularly in civil engineering, for sealing purposes.
  • An application can e.g. B. the sealing of building exterior walls, the waterproof side of the sealing membrane abutting the building, while the outward-looking random fiber mat serves as a plaster base layer.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross section schematically the use of the waterproofing membrane according to the invention for sealing a building structure, for. B. balcony or roof terrace.
  • the protective layer 11 is loosely laid on the substrate 2, for example made of a plastic film or plate or bitumen glass nonwoven web, onto which the thermal insulation 14, for example made of rigid polystyrene foam panels, is applied.
  • the side boundary is formed by the profile bar 12, to which, for example, the gutter 13 is attached.
  • the waterproofing membrane according to the invention with the waterproof layer on thermal insulation 14 is now adjacent above thermal insulation.
  • the tangled fiber layer 9 points upwards and is filled with the screed layer 5 and forms the base for the loosely placed panel covering 15.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

1. Sealing of walls or vaulted ceilings (1) against pressure of water and/or water seepage, consisting of a multi-layered, impermeable PVC-plastics length (4) and a non-woven fabric (9) which is formed of plastics fibres or filaments as carrier holding layer for a priming layer (5) formed of sprayed cement or plaster, bonded over its entire surface with the plastics length (4) arranged on the side facing the wall or the vaulted ceiling (1), as well as with means (7, 8) for pointwise securing of the sealing on the wall or the vaulted ceiling (1) or a carrier layer (2) applied thereto, characterized in that the impermeable plastics length (4) consists of two layers of soft PVC plastisol, wherein the first layer of a thickness of 0.5 to 3 mm is connected with the fixing means (7, 8) and an irregularly arranged fibre mat (9) with a density between 15 and 35 kg/m**3 and a thickness of 5 to 25 mm is embedded in the second layer, with the stiffness of the sealing being so chosen that a sagging with pointwise fixing is avoided.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Abdichtung von Wandungen oder Gewölben gegen Druck- und/oder Sickerwasser, bestehend aus einer mehrschichtigen, wasserdichten PVC-Kunststoffbahn und einem auf der der Wandung oder dem Gewölbe abgekehrten Seite angeordneten, mit der Kunststoffbahn vollflächig verbundenen Vlies aus Kunststoffasern bzw. -fäden als Trägerhaftschicht für eine Grundierungsschicht aus Spritzbeton oder Putz, sowie mit Mitteln zum punktweisen Befestigen der Abdichtung. an der Wand oder dem Gewölbe bzw. einer hierauf aufgebrachten Tragschicht.The invention relates to a sealing of walls or vaults against pressurized and / or seepage water, consisting of a multilayer, waterproof PVC plastic sheet and a nonwoven made of plastic fibers or plastic fibers connected to the side of the wall or the vault and connected to the plastic sheet threads as a carrier adhesive layer for a primer layer made of shotcrete or plaster, as well as with means for point-by-point fastening of the seal. on the wall or the vault or a base layer applied thereon.

Aus der Schweizer Patentschrift 441 417 ist bereits eine Abdichtung von Wandungen gegen Druck- und Sickerwasser bekannt, bei der ein mehrschichtiges Dichtungselement auf der abzudichtenden Wandung befestigt wird. Das mehrschichtige Dichtungselement weist hierbei eine wasserdurchlässige und elastisch nachgiebige und mindestens eine biegsame wasserdichte Schicht auf. Die wasserdurchlässige Schicht des Dichtungselementes wird hierbei direkt auf der Wandung bzw. einer auf der Wandung aufgebrachten Tragschicht anliegend aufgebracht und sie dient dazu, das anfallende Wasser aus der Wandung aufzunehmen und seitlich abzuleiten und wirkt des weiteren als Polster für die wasserdichte Schicht zur Vermeidung von Verletzungen derselben. Darüber hinaus kann auch noch auf der anderen Seite der wasserdichten Schicht des Dichtungselementes eine Schutzschicht aus einem faserhaltigen Flächengebilde wie Leder, Textil, Glas oder Mineralfasern, die zu einem Vlies verwoben sind, vorgesehen sein, um die wasserdichte Schicht vor dem Abscheuern oder Durchstoßen zu bewahren. Abschließend wird dann auf das mehrschichtige Dichtungselement die eigentliche Auskleidungsschicht aus Sichtbeton angebracht. Problematisch bleibt bei dieser Art der Ausbildung des mehrschichtigen Dichtungselementes die Verankerung der Spritzbeton-Grundierungsschicht an denselben, da das mehrschichtige Dichtungselement aufgrund seiner elastischen Eigenschaften an gekrümmten Wandungen durchhängt und damit das direkte Betonieren nicht möglich ist, da der Spritzbeton nicht anhaften kann.A sealing of walls against pressurized water and seepage water is already known from Swiss patent specification 441 417, in which a multi-layer sealing element is attached to the wall to be sealed. The multilayer sealing element here has a water-permeable and elastically flexible and at least one flexible waterproof layer. The water-permeable layer of the sealing element is applied directly to the wall or to a supporting layer applied to the wall and it serves to absorb the water that arises from the wall and to discharge it laterally and also acts as a cushion for the waterproof layer to avoid injuries the same. In addition, on the other side of the waterproof layer of the sealing element, a protective layer made of a fibrous sheet material such as leather, textile, glass or mineral fibers, which are woven into a fleece, can be provided in order to prevent the waterproof layer from being rubbed off or punctured . Finally, the actual lining layer made of exposed concrete is then applied to the multilayer sealing element. The problem with this type of formation of the multi-layer sealing element remains the anchoring of the shotcrete primer layer to the same, since the multi-layer sealing element sags due to its elastic properties on curved walls and thus direct concreting is not possible because the shotcrete cannot adhere.

Aus der französischen Patentschrift 2230496 sind Planen mit einer wasserdichten Kunststoffschicht und einer porösen Schicht bekannt, die als Zeltplanen, Hallenplanen usw. eingesetzt werden und bei denen die poröse Schicht der Aufnahme von Schwitzwasser, Feuchtigkeit usw. und der Ableitung derselben dient. Hierbei können entweder mit der wasserdichten Kunststoffschicht über eine Klebeschicht Fasern nach Art einer Bürste vorgesehen werden oder aber mit der wasserdichten Kunststoffschicht über eine aushärtbare Kleberschicht Wirrfasern, z. B. Kunststoffasern oder Glasfasern, verbunden sein.From the French patent specification 2230496 tarpaulins with a waterproof plastic layer and a porous layer are known, which are used as tarpaulins, hall tarpaulins, etc. and in which the porous layer serves to absorb condensation, moisture, etc. and to discharge them. Here, fibers can be provided in the manner of a brush either with the waterproof plastic layer via an adhesive layer or else with the waterproof plastic layer via a curable adhesive layer, tangled fibers, e.g. B. plastic fibers or glass fibers.

Darüber hinaus sind bereits Drainageelemente bekannt, die mehrschichtig aus porösen, wasserableitenden und auch abschließenden wasserdichten Schichten bestehen, siehe z. B. D E-A-2 327 618.In addition, drainage elements are already known, which consist of porous, water-draining and also final waterproof layers, see z. B. D E-A-2 327 618.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Abdichtung von Wandungen gegen Druck- und Sickerwasser zu schaffen, bei der die Nachteile des bekannten Verfahrens nach der Schweizer Patentschrift 441 417 vermieden werden und insbesondere das Aufbringen der Spritzbetonschicht, d. h. der Auskleidungsschicht aus Beton direkt auf das mehrschichtige Dichtungselement mit ausreichender Haftung möglich wird. Hierbei soll auch das Durchhängen (Steppdeckeneffekt) der punktweise befestigten Dichtungsbahn vermieden werden.The present invention has for its object to provide a sealing of walls against pressurized and leachate, in which the disadvantages of the known method according to the Swiss patent 441 417 are avoided and in particular the application of the shotcrete layer, i. H. the concrete lining layer directly on the multi-layer sealing element with sufficient adhesion is possible. In this case, the sagging (quilt effect) of the sealing membrane, which is fastened at certain points, should also be avoided.

Erfindungsgemäß wird hierzu eine mehrschichtige Kunststoff-Dichtungsbahn aus einer wasserdichten Schicht und einer mit dieser vollflächig verbundenen wasserdurchlässigen Schicht vorgeschlagen, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß die wasserdichte Kunststoffbahn aus zwei Schichten aus Weich-PVC-Plajtisol besteht, wobei die erste Schicht von einer Dicke von 0,5 bis 3 mm mit den Befestigungsrnitteln verbunden ist und in der zweiten Schicht mit einer Dicke von 0,5 bis 2 mm eine Wirrfasermatte mit einer Dichte zwischen 15 und 35 kg/m3 und einer Dicke von 5 bis 25 mm eingebettet ist, wobei die Steifigkeit der Abdichtung so gewählt ist, daß ein Durchhängen bei punktweiser Befestigung vermieden wird. Die Wirrfasermatte stellt hierbei im Verbund mit der wasserdichten Schicht eine Trägerhaftschicht für den nachfolgend aufzubringenden Beton, insbesondere Spritzbeton, dar, mit dem die Zwischenräume der Wirrfasermatte verfüllt werden. Die wasserdichte Kunststoffschicht und die Wirrfasermatte bilden im Verbund eine zwar noch biegsame aber mit begrenzter das Eigengewicht innerhalb der punktweisen Befestigungsbereiche überwindender Steifigkeit ausgebildete Matte dar, auf die der Spritzbeton im direkten Verfahren ohne weitere Hilfsmittel aufgebracht werden kann, an ihr haftet und nach Aushärtung eine feste Auskleidungsgrundschicht bildet. Auf diese Schicht kann dann die eigentliche Auskleidung aus Beton im direkten Betcnierverfahren aufgebracht werden. Erfindungsgemäß wird die Abdichtung von Wandungen gegen Druck- und Sickerwasser unter Verwendung einer auf der Wandung bzw. einer auf der Wandung aufgebrachten Tragschicht befestigten mehrschichtigen Dichtungsbahn und einer Auskleidungsschicht aus Beton in der Weise durchgeführt, daß die Dichtungsbahn punktweise mit ihrer wasserdichten Kunststoffschichtseite an der Wandung bzw. Tragschicht befestigt ist und die auf der der Wandung bzw. Tragschicht abgewandten Seite angeordnete Wirrfasermatte mit einer ersten Auskleidungsschicht als Grundierung aus Spritzbeton verfüllt und hierauf eine zweite Auskleidungsschicht aus Beton od. dgl. aufgebracht wird. Durch die Erfindung ist es möglich, Abdichtungen von Wandungen, insbesondere aus Naturgestein, die Sickerwasser und/oder Druckwasser führen, rationell herzustellen, wobei mit einer nur zweischichtigen Dichtungsbahn sowohl die Abdichtungsfunktionen, mechanischer Schutz der Dichtungsbahn durch eine gewisse Elastizität und Haftträgerfunktion für einen Spritzbeton gleichzeitig übernommen werden. Die Dichtungsbahn weist hierbei so viel Biegsamkeit auf, daß sie sich Gewölben etc. anpassen läßt und dennoch nach punktweiser Befestigung nicht nach unten durchhängt.According to the invention, a multilayer plastic sealing membrane is proposed for this purpose, consisting of a waterproof layer and a water-permeable layer connected to the entire surface thereof, which is characterized in that the waterproof plastic membrane consists of two layers of soft PVC plastic, the first layer having a thickness of 0.5 to 3 mm is connected to the fastening means and a tangled fiber mat with a density between 15 and 35 kg / m 3 and a thickness of 5 to 25 mm is embedded in the second layer with a thickness of 0.5 to 2 mm, the rigidity of the seal is selected so that sagging is avoided with point-by-point attachment. The tangled fiber mat, in conjunction with the waterproof layer, represents a carrier adhesive layer for the concrete to be subsequently applied, in particular shotcrete, with which the interstices of the tangled fiber mat are filled. The waterproof plastic layer and the tangled fiber mat form a mat that is still flexible, but with a limited stiffness that overcomes the dead weight within the point-by-point fastening areas, to which the shotcrete can be applied in a direct process without further aids, adheres to it and, after hardening, a firm one Lining base layer forms. The actual lining made of concrete can then be applied to this layer in a direct coating process. According to the invention, the sealing of walls against pressurized and seepage water is carried out using a multi-layer sealing membrane attached to the wall or a support layer applied to the wall and a lining layer made of concrete in such a way that the sealing membrane is punctually with its waterproof plastic layer side on the wall or Base layer is attached and the abge on the wall or base layer Tangled fiber mat arranged on the wall side is filled with a first lining layer as a primer made of shotcrete and a second lining layer made of concrete or the like is applied thereon. The invention makes it possible to produce seals for walls, in particular made of natural rock, which carry leachate and / or pressurized water efficiently, with both the sealing functions, mechanical protection of the sealing sheet through a certain elasticity and adhesive carrier function for a shotcrete at the same time with only a two-layer sealing sheet be taken over. The geomembrane has so much flexibility that it can be adapted to vaults etc. and still does not sag after being fastened in places.

Bevorzugt sind als Befestigungsmittel zumindest teilweise mit Kunststoff ummantelte Scheiben vorgesehen, die mittels Schrauben od. dgl. an der Wand befestigt sind, und die mit der Kunststoffbahn über die Verbundflächen verschweißt oder verklebt sind.Preferably, at least partially plastic-coated disks are provided as fastening means, which are fastened to the wall by means of screws or the like, and which are welded or glued to the plastic sheet over the composite surfaces.

Bevorzugt wird für die mehrschichtige Dichtungsbahn eine Wirrfasermatte aus Polyamidfäden bzw. -drähten verwendet. Für die Wirrfasermatte wird widerstandsfähiges Kunststoffmaterial, vorzugsweise Polyamid, z. B. auch Polyolefine, wie Polypropylen aufgebaut in der Gestalt, daß eine voluminöse dreidimensionale Matte gebildet ist mit solchen Zwischenräumen, daß sie mit Spritzbeton verfüllt werden können. Solche Wirrfasermatten sind als Einzelmatten für den Erosionsschutz bekannt, wobei sie ins Erdreich eingelegt lastverteilend und zugleich porös wasserdurchlässig wirksam sind. In Verbindung mit der Erfindung stellen sie eine Kombinationsbahn mit überraschendem Effekt für die Abdichtung mit Betonauskleidung dar. Bevorzugt ist für beide Kunststoffschichten der wasserdichten Bahn gleicher Kunststoff verwendet, insbesondere Weich-PVC-Plastisol. Hierbei kann die Wirrfasermatte in einfacher Weise in die zweite Schicht aus Weich-PVC-Plastisol im ungelierten Zustand eingebettet und durch Ausgelieren verankert werden. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, z. B. vorgefertigte Kunststoffolienbahnen, z. B. durch Kalandrieren oder Extrudieren hergestellte Bahnen aus Weich-PVC mit einer weiteren, die einzubettende Wirrfasermatte aufnehmenden Kunststoffschicht zu versehen.A tangled fiber mat made of polyamide threads or wires is preferably used for the multilayer sealing membrane. For the random fiber mat, resistant plastic material, preferably polyamide, e.g. B. also polyolefins, such as polypropylene, constructed in such a way that a voluminous three-dimensional mat is formed with such spaces that they can be filled with shotcrete. Such tangled fiber mats are known as single mats for erosion protection, whereby they are load-distributing in the ground and at the same time are porous and water-permeable. In connection with the invention, they represent a combination sheet with a surprising effect for sealing with concrete lining. The same plastic is preferably used for both plastic layers of the waterproof sheet, in particular soft PVC plastisol. The tangled fiber mat can be embedded in the second layer of soft PVC plastisol in the ungelled state in a simple manner and anchored by gelling. However, it is also possible, for. B. prefabricated plastic sheeting, e.g. B. by calendering or extruding webs made of soft PVC with a further, the embedded embedding fiber mat receiving plastic layer.

Unter Plastisolen versteht man Polyvinylchloridpasten, d. h. Aufschlämmungen von PVC-Pulver in Weichmachern ohne jeden Zusatz von flüchtigen Bestandteilen.Plastisols are understood to mean polyvinyl chloride pastes, i.e. H. PVC powder slurries in plasticizers without any added volatiles.

Die Erfindung wird in der Zeichnung an einem Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail in the drawing using an exemplary embodiment.

Das Hauptanwendungsgebiet der erfindungsgemäßen mehrschichtigen Dichtungsbahn ist das Abdichten von Bauwerken in Naturstein, wie beispielsweise Tunnel, Stollen, Kanälen, die gegen Druck- und/oder Sickerwasser gedichtet werden. In der Zeichnung ist das Gebirge 1 ausschnittweise dergestellt, dessen rauhe Oberfläche mit einer Tragschicht 2 aus Spritzbeton geglättet werden kann. Es ist nun erforderlich, zwischen dieser Wandung und der eigentlichen Auskleidung eines Tunnels oder Gewölbes oder Stollens in Gestalt einer Innenschale eine wasserdruckbehaltende Abdichtung vorzusehen, die in der Regel aus einer entsprechend wasserdichten Kunststoffolie besteht. Nach der Erfindung wird die zweischichtige Dichtungsbahn 4, 9 so eingesetzt, daß die wasserdichte Schicht aus Kunststoff 4 an der Tragschicht 2 bzw. bei Nichtvorhanden der Tragschicht 2 an dem Gebirge 1 zum Anliegen kommt, während die von der Wirrfasermatte 9 gebildete Seite der Dichtungsbahn dem Innenraum des auszukleidenden Bauwerkes zugewandt ist. Es gibt verschiedene Methoden der Befestigung der Dichtungsbahn an der Tragschicht 2, eine punktweise Befestigung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt. Hierzu werden mittels beispielsweise Schrauben 7 plattenförmige oder tellerförmige Scheiben 8, die zumindest teilweise mit einer Kunststoffschicht 3 ummantelt sind, in den erforderlichen Abständen in der Tragschicht 2 bzw. dem Gebirge 1 befestigt. Je nach dem gewählten Kunststoff für die Schicht 3 und die wasserdichte Schicht 4 der Dichtungsbahn kann die zweischichtige Dichtungsbahn an den Kunststoffflächen der Scheiben 8 z. B. quellverschweißt, hochfrequenzverschweißt oder verklebt werden, siehe Verbundfläche 10. Druck-und Sickerwasser wird in den verbleibenden Raum zwischen der wasserdichten Schicht 4 und der Tragschicht 2 nach unten abgeführt.The main area of application of the multilayer waterproofing membrane according to the invention is the sealing of structures in natural stone, such as tunnels, tunnels, channels, which are sealed against pressurized and / or seepage water. In the drawing, the rock 1 is shown in sections, the rough surface of which can be smoothed with a base layer 2 made of shotcrete. It is now necessary to provide a water pressure-maintaining seal between this wall and the actual lining of a tunnel or vault or gallery in the form of an inner shell, which usually consists of a correspondingly waterproof plastic film. According to the invention, the two-layer sealing sheet 4, 9 is used so that the waterproof layer of plastic 4 comes to rest on the base layer 2 or in the absence of the base layer 2 on the rock 1, while the side of the sealing sheet formed by the tangled fiber mat 9 Interior of the building to be lined facing. There are various methods of fastening the sealing membrane to the base layer 2, a point-by-point fastening is shown in the drawing. For this purpose, plate-shaped or plate-shaped disks 8, which are at least partially covered with a plastic layer 3, are fastened at the required intervals in the base layer 2 or the rock 1 by means of, for example, screws 7. Depending on the plastic chosen for the layer 3 and the waterproof layer 4 of the sealing membrane, the two-layer sealing membrane on the plastic surfaces of the disks 8 can, for. B. source welded, high frequency welded or glued, see composite surface 10. Pressure and leachate is discharged down into the remaining space between the waterproof layer 4 and the base layer 2.

Für die wasserdichte Schicht 4 der zweischichtigen Dichtungsbahn nach der Erfindung eignen sich die im Bauwesen und Abdichtungswesen bekannten Kunststoffe, und zwar insbesondere thermoplastische Kunststoffe auf Basis von Weich-PVC. Die Dicke der wasserdichten Schicht richtet sich nach dem Einsatzgebiet und nach dem verwendeten Kunststoff, sie beträgt in der Regel zwischen 0,5 bis 3 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 2 mm. Es ist auch möglich, eine extrudierte oder kalandrierte Folie aus Weich-PVC mit einer Plastisolschicht zu kombinieren. Vorteilhaft läßt sich die mehrschichtige Dichtungsbahn mit wasserdichten Schichten aus Weich-PVC-Plastisolen herstellen. Hierbei wird eine erste Schicht aus Weich-PVC-Plastisol beispielsweise auf ein Stahlträgerband aufgetragen und bei einer Temperatur von 160 bis 2000C angeliert, hierauf eine zweite Schicht aus Weich-PVC-Plastisol bei Raumtemperatur aufgetragen und in diese sich noch im ungelierten, d. h. plastischen Zustand befindende Schicht die Wirrfasermatte 9 teilweise eingelegt und danach durch Erwärmung in einem Temperaturbereich zwischen 160 bis 250° C das Weich-PVC-Plastisol ausgeliert. Dabei erfolgt gleichzeitig-die Verankerung und der Verbund mit der Wirrfasermatte und den Kunststoffschichten. Unter teilweisem Einbetten der Wirrfasermatte ist zu verstehen, daß diese in bezug auf ihre Dicke nur in einem relativ kleinen Bereich in die Kunststoffschicht eingebettet wird. Als Wirrfasermatte eignen sich voluminöse dreidimensionale Gebilde aus Kunststoffäden oder -drähten, die relativ biegesteif sind. Die an der Tragschicht 2 bzw. bei fehlender Tragschicht an dem Gebirge 1 stellenweise befestigte zweiscnichtige uichtungsbahn 4, 9 nach der Erfindung weist bereits in sich eine solche Steifigkeit auf, daß sie auch am Gewölbe nach punktweiser Befestigung nicht nach unten durchhängt. Damit bietet die zweischichtige Dichtungsbahn nach der Erfindung aber die Voraussetzung dafür, daß eine Grundierungsschicht aus Spritzbeton direkt an die an der Tragschicht 2 befestigte Dichtungsbahn aufgespritzt wird, wobei die Hohlräume der Wirrfasermatte verfüllt werden und zusätzlich eine durchgehende Schicht Beton noch als Abdekkung der Wirrfasermatte aufgetragen und anhaftend erstarren kann. Diese Grundierungsschicht aus Spritzbeton ist in der Zeichnung mit 5 bezeichnet. Die Wirrfasermatte bildet also hier die Trägerhaftschicht für die Grundierungsschicht 5 aus Spritzbeton. Nachfolgend kann dann die die Innenschale bildende eigentliche Auskleidungsschicht 6 aus Beton aufgebracht werden, wobei die einwandfreie Haftung zur Grundierungsschicht 5 und bereits die Gewölbeform durch die Grundierungsschicht 5 mit der zweischichtigen Dichtungsbahn 9, 4 vorgegeben sind.For the waterproof layer 4 of the two-layer sealing membrane according to the invention, the plastics known in construction and sealing are suitable, in particular thermoplastic materials based on soft PVC. The thickness of the waterproof layer depends on the area of use and on the plastic used, and is generally between 0.5 and 3 mm, preferably between 1 and 2 mm. It is also possible to combine an extruded or calendered film made of soft PVC with a plastisol layer. The multilayer sealing membrane can advantageously be produced with waterproof layers of soft PVC plastisols. Here, a first layer of soft PVC plastisol is applied, for example, to a steel carrier tape and gelled at a temperature of 160 to 2000C, then a second layer of soft PVC plastisol is applied at room temperature and this is still in the ungelled, ie plastic state layer is partially inserted into the random fiber mat 9 and then the soft PVC plastisol is gelled by heating in a temperature range between 160 to 250 ° C. The anchoring and connection with the tangled fiber mat and the plastic layers take place simultaneously. Partial embedding of the random fiber mat is to be understood to mean that, in terms of its thickness, it is only in one relatively small area is embedded in the plastic layer. Bulky three-dimensional structures made of plastic threads or wires that are relatively resistant to bending are suitable as the random fiber mat. The double-sided spout 4, 9 fastened in places on the base layer 2 or in the absence of a base layer on the rock 1 according to the invention already has such a rigidity that it does not sag downward on the vault after point-by-point attachment. Thus, the two-layer waterproofing membrane according to the invention provides the prerequisite for spraying a primer layer of shotcrete directly onto the waterproofing membrane attached to the base layer 2, filling the voids of the random fiber mat and additionally applying a continuous layer of concrete as a covering for the random fiber mat and can solidify stubbornly. This primer layer made of shotcrete is designated 5 in the drawing. The tangled fiber mat thus forms the carrier adhesive layer for the primer layer 5 made of shotcrete. Subsequently, the actual lining layer 6 made of concrete, which forms the inner shell, can be applied, the perfect adhesion to the primer layer 5 and already the arch shape being predetermined by the primer layer 5 with the two-layer sealing sheet 9, 4.

Die erfindungsgemäße Dichtungsbahn kann vielfältig insbesondere im Tiefbau zu Abdichtungszwecken eingesetzt werden. Eine Anwendung kann z. B. das Abdichten von Gebäudeau- ßenwänden sein, wobei die wasserdichte Seite der Dichtungsbahn am Gebäude anliegt, während die nach außen weisende Wirrfasermatte als Putzträgerschicht dient.The sealing membrane according to the invention can be used in a variety of ways, particularly in civil engineering, for sealing purposes. An application can e.g. B. the sealing of building exterior walls, the waterproof side of the sealing membrane abutting the building, while the outward-looking random fiber mat serves as a plaster base layer.

In der Fig. 2 ist im Querschnitt schematisch der Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Dichtungsbahn für die Abdichtung einer Gebäudekonstruktion, z. B. Balkon oder Dachterrasse, dargestellt. Auf dem Untergrund 2 ist beispielsweise die Schutzlage 11, beispielsweise aus einer Kunststoffolie oder Platte oder Bitumenglasvliesbahn lose verlegt, hierauf ist die Wärmedämmung 14, beispielsweise aus Polystyroi-Hartschaumplatten, aufgebracht. Die Seitenbegrenzung wird durch den Profilbalken 12 gebildet, an dem beispielsweise die Dachrinne 13 befestigt ist. Über der Wärmedämmung liegt nun die erfindungsgemäße Abdichtungsbahn mit der wasserdichten Schicht auf der Wärmedämmung 14 angrenzend. Die Wirrfaserschicht 9 weist nach oben und ist mit der Estrichschicht 5 verfüllt und bildet die Unterlage für den lose aufgelegten Plattenbelag 15.In Fig. 2 is a cross section schematically the use of the waterproofing membrane according to the invention for sealing a building structure, for. B. balcony or roof terrace. For example, the protective layer 11 is loosely laid on the substrate 2, for example made of a plastic film or plate or bitumen glass nonwoven web, onto which the thermal insulation 14, for example made of rigid polystyrene foam panels, is applied. The side boundary is formed by the profile bar 12, to which, for example, the gutter 13 is attached. The waterproofing membrane according to the invention with the waterproof layer on thermal insulation 14 is now adjacent above thermal insulation. The tangled fiber layer 9 points upwards and is filled with the screed layer 5 and forms the base for the loosely placed panel covering 15.

Claims (3)

1, Sealing of walls or vaulted ceilings (1) against pressure of water and/or water seepage, consisting of a multi-layered, impermeable PVC-plastics length (4) and a non-woven fabric (9) which is formed of plastics fibres or filaments as carrier holding layer for a priming layer (5) formed of sprayed cement or plaster, bonded over its entire surface with the plastics length (4) arranged on the side facing the wall or the vaulted ceiling (1), as well as with means (7, 8) for pointwise securing of the sealing on the wall or the vaulted ceiling (1) or a carrier layer (2) applied thereto, characterised in that the impermeable plastics length (4) consists of two layers of soft PVC plastisol, wherein the first layer of a thickness of 0.5 to 3 mm is connected with the fixing means (7, 8) and an irregularly arranged fibre mat (9) with a density between 15 and 35 kg/m3 and a thickness of 5 to 25 mm is embedded in the second layer, with the stiffness of the sealing being so chosen that a sagging with pointwise fixing is avoided.
2. Sealing according to claim 1, characterised in that the irregularly arranged fibre mat (9) consists of polyamide filaments or strands.
3. Sealing according to claim 1 and 2, characterised in that there are provided as fixing means (7, 8), discs (8) encased at least partially with plastics, which are fastened to the wall by means of screws (7) or the like and which are heat sealed or glued to the plastics length (4) over the bonding surfaces (10).
EP79101881A 1978-07-28 1979-06-11 Process for sealing of walls from water pressure or infiltration Expired EP0007413B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79101881T ATE1959T1 (en) 1978-07-28 1979-06-11 SEALING WALLS AGAINST PRESSURE AND/OR LEAKAGE WATER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2833148 1978-07-28
DE19782833148 DE2833148A1 (en) 1978-07-28 1978-07-28 SEALING WALLS AGAINST PRESSURE AND / OR SEWAGE WATER USING A MULTI-LAYERED SEALING COATING

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0007413A1 EP0007413A1 (en) 1980-02-06
EP0007413B1 true EP0007413B1 (en) 1982-12-08

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EP79101881A Expired EP0007413B1 (en) 1978-07-28 1979-06-11 Process for sealing of walls from water pressure or infiltration

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EP (1) EP0007413B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE1959T1 (en)
DE (2) DE2833148A1 (en)

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Also Published As

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DE2833148A1 (en) 1980-02-07
EP0007413A1 (en) 1980-02-06
ATE1959T1 (en) 1982-12-15
DE2964201D1 (en) 1983-01-13

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