EP0005552A2 - Apparatus for heating and mixing building materials - Google Patents

Apparatus for heating and mixing building materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0005552A2
EP0005552A2 EP79101531A EP79101531A EP0005552A2 EP 0005552 A2 EP0005552 A2 EP 0005552A2 EP 79101531 A EP79101531 A EP 79101531A EP 79101531 A EP79101531 A EP 79101531A EP 0005552 A2 EP0005552 A2 EP 0005552A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing
heating
frequency
building
building materials
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EP79101531A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0005552A3 (en
Inventor
Bruno Granella
Gerhard Dr. Sc. Techn. Schwickardi
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Schwickardi Gerhard Dr Sc Tech
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Schwickardi Gerhard Dr Sc Tech
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
    • F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
    • F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
    • B01F35/94—Heating or cooling systems using radiation, e.g. microwaves or electromagnetic radiation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/18—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyors which may be heated moving materials in stationary chambers, e.g. troughs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating and mixing system for building materials with a mixing room.
  • a drum dryer is known in which the material to be processed is directly exposed to an oil or gas flame.
  • the mix is subjected to a treatment which is often damaging, destructive or oxidizing.
  • direct flame treatment results in waste products that pollute the environment.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a heating and mixing system for building materials with a mixing room, which is economically advantageous and can avoid the disadvantages of direct flame treatment.
  • the mixing room is equipped with at least one electrode which is provided for the emission of high-frequency electromagnetic waves and is connected to a high-frequency generator.
  • the heating and mixing system designed according to the invention permits mixed conveyance or forced mixing of the building material with simultaneous irradiation with easily adjustable and meterable dielectric high-frequency or microwave energy for heating or drying the mixed material, so that the material is evenly Mixing is heated homogeneously and without contact with a high power concentration in the material. Depending on the diffusion resistance of the good for the vapor passage, the drying time for this good results.
  • the frequency of the electromagnetic waves can be selected from the following frequencies: 13.56 MHz, 27, 120 MHz, 2450 MHz. These frequencies are approved in most countries for high frequency heating purposes.
  • the mixing room can also be equipped with at least one aftertreatment electrode which is provided for the emission of high-frequency electromagnetic waves and is connected to a high-frequency generator. This measure enables additional heat treatment of the building material.
  • the electrode and / or the aftertreatment electrode can advantageously be adjustable horizontally and / or vertically and / or obliquely.
  • the mixing room can be equipped with at least one radiant heater. Electric radiant heaters or infrared radiators are preferred.
  • the electrode can advantageously be designed as a rotatable conveying part.
  • the rotatable conveyor part must of course be isolated and, for example, connected to a bushing leading to the high-frequency generator via a slip ring.
  • the mixing room can be equipped with at least one reflector directed towards the building materials and intended for the electromagnetic waves occurring therein.
  • the mixing conveyor system for loose building materials 11 works on the basis of the high-frequency treatment with the industrially known dielectric heating method.
  • a powerful rotary transformer 3 can be switched (switch 2), which in turn supplies a high-voltage rectifier 4 with electrical energy.
  • the high DC voltage serves as the supply voltage for the tube oscillator 6, which essentially contains the oscillator tube 5 and the tunable resonant circuit 8.
  • the fan 7 ensures the dissipation of the resulting heat loss in the oscillator.
  • the high-frequency and high-voltage electrical energy generated in the oscillator is fed to the mixing conveyor system 10 via a suitable waveguide and a tunable coupling coil 9.
  • a working capacitor with the plates 12 and 13, between which the mix is heated in the high-frequency high-voltage alternating field.
  • the coupling coil 9 and the working capacitor 12-13 form a parallel resonant circuit which can be tuned to the machining frequency.
  • Regulatory industry frequencies are used, which in most cases are approved for high frequency dielectric heating systems commonly used in the industry, e.g. the frequencies 13.560 MHz and 27.120 MHz or microwaves for example 2450 MHz.
  • the mixing conveyor system 10 shown in FIG. 1 needs As a microwave generator for electrical heating in the power range of approx. 1 - 1000 kW, which can also be larger or smaller in terms of output.
  • the building material to be treated or essentially its water skin is heated in this furnace-like generator.
  • an optimum for heating can be set either to the dielectric properties of the building material or the water.
  • the electrical high-frequency energy or microwave energy can be in the continuous system 10 be optimally set for the heating process. This regulation takes place in a very short time with the aid of the change in the electric field strength or the change in frequency.
  • the heating process takes place very evenly, i.e. homogeneously, in terms of location and time.
  • the operation can be set continuously, intermittently or in combination from both processes, so that the desired temperature can be set locally in the order of magnitude of approx. 25 ° C and 250 ° C and above, depending on the process.
  • the transmission losses and the temperature gradient within the treatment substance are negligibly small, as was the result of test results using a model system.
  • the relationship between the heat absorbed by the treatment material and the supplied high-frequency energy or microwave energy is such that the electrically usable heat increases proportionally to the square electric field strength, linear to the measurable material properties of the building material (dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor).
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a technologically constructable mixing conveyor system.
  • the horizontally operating conveyor shafts 14 and 15 are driven by the drive 16.
  • the stirring or conveying arms 17 and 13 with wear plates at both ends convey the material to be treated fed through the inlet 19 into the mixing trough 20.
  • the building material to be irradiated gets between the plates 21 and 22 of the microwave generator or the high-frequency generator, so that the dielectric drying process can be carried out.
  • the plates 21 and 22 can be adjusted horizontally, vertically and obliquely in order to be able to set an optimal setting angle during the high-frequency treatment or microwave treatment. Then, depending on the result, an additional heat treatment takes place between the aftertreatment plates 23 and 24, through which the material to be treated is also conveyed.
  • the high-frequency energy or microwave energy is supplied via the high-voltage bushings 25 and 26 for the main treatment plates and for the after-treatment plates.
  • the infrared or normal electric radiant heaters 27 and 28 dry the water vapors that have occurred during the heating process in the mixing tub.
  • the fan 29 ensures the necessary removal of the air humidity. Otherwise, there is natural air circulation in the mixing plant itself. After drying by heating, the mixed material arriving in the conveying direction 30 falls through the outlet 31, as desired, into a storage bunker or into waiting containers.
  • the shielding plates 32 and 33 shield the high-frequency fields of the active wave space from the outside, so that the system works absolutely harmless for the operating personnel.
  • a cylindrical mixing kettle 34 is shown, in which a building material is forced by stirring arms 35 and 36 onto a circular orbit 37 with the mixer shaft 38 quantity is treated with simultaneous heating with high-frequency or microwave fields.
  • the working capacitor plates 39 and 40 are adjusted in stages or continuously in the adjustment directions 43 and 44 via the drive mechanism 41 and 42, while the stirring blades with the longitudinal movements 45 and 46 ensure good mixing of the material to be treated.
  • the mixing paddles can be automatically or continuously adjusted in stages or continuously with the mixing arms from a maximum deflection position (section AA) to a minimum deflection position or vice versa (section BB).
  • the high-frequency high voltage is fed to the construction processing system via high-voltage bushing insulators 47 and 48.
  • the heating and mixing systems described can also be operated while mounted on means of transportation.
  • the building materials can have different grain sizes. They can be solid and wet or liquid.

Abstract

The method of functioning of this heating and mixing installation for building materials is based on a continuously or discontinuously working mixing processing installation which, with mechanical working procedures which are known in building machinery technology, such as conveyor mixing, paddle mixing, drum mixing etc., works the building goods, building materials or other substances for structural engineering, with simultaneous heating, in order to manufacture or modify particular mixed goods or products which are usual in building technology. In this heating and mixing installation, the building goods, which are to be thermally treated, are heated, according to process technology, without contact and homogeneously on the surface and in volume, with one or more electromagnetic fields which are electrically produced by one or more high-frequency or microwave generators. The heating process also brings about drying of the building materials with field energy from the high-frequency or the microwave generator. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Erwärmungs- und Mischanlage für Baustoffe mit einem Mischraum.The invention relates to a heating and mixing system for building materials with a mixing room.

Es sind Baustoff-Bearbeitungsanlagen bekannt, die zur Erwärmung und Trocknung Mischaggregate einsetzen, die im Durchlaufverfahren oder Chargen-Mischverfahren oder Wellen-Mischverfahren unter Umwälzung des Bearbeitungsgutes so arbeiten, dass das lose, feuchte oder nasse Gut unter Anwendung des Misch- und Durchlaufprozesses zusätzlich mit Oel-oder Gasflammen-Beheizung der Behälter- oder Trommelwände geheizt wird. Solche stationären Zwangsmischanlagen sind in Baustoff-Aufbereitungsbetrieben im Einsatz, wie beispielsweise die Trocken- und Mischanlagen des WIBAU-Aufbereitungssystems (Firma Druckschrift A2-5-4-70-aD-Sch der Firma WIBAU Mathias & Co. KG, D-646 Gelnhausen, BRD). Solche Baustoff-Aufbereitungsanlagen weisen einen schlechten Wärmewirkungsgrad auf und sind daher wirtschaftlich nachteilig.There are known building material processing plants which use mixing units for heating and drying, which work in a continuous process or batch mixing process or wave mixing process with circulation of the processed material in such a way that the loose, moist or wet material is additionally used using the mixing and continuous process Oil or gas flame heating of the container or drum walls is heated. Stationary compulsory mixing systems of this type are used in building material processing plants, such as, for example, the drying and mixing systems of the WIBAU processing system (company publication A2-5-4-70-aD-Sch from WIBAU Mathias & Co. KG, D-646 Gelnhausen, FRG). Such building material processing plants have poor thermal efficiency and are therefore economically disadvantageous.

Aus der CH-PS 574 984 ist ein Trommeltrockner bekannt, bei welchem das Bearbeitungsgut direkt einer Oel- bzw. Gasbeflammung ausgesetzt wird. In solchen Aufbereitungsanlagen wird das Mischgut einer vielfach schädigenden bzw. zerstörend oder oxydierend wirkenden Behandlung unterworfen. Daneben ergeben sich bei der direkten Beflammung umweltverschmutzende Abfallprodukte.From CH-PS 574 984 a drum dryer is known in which the material to be processed is directly exposed to an oil or gas flame. In such processing plants, the mix is subjected to a treatment which is often damaging, destructive or oxidizing. In addition, direct flame treatment results in waste products that pollute the environment.

Auf der Grundlage der dielektrischen Hochfrcqucnzerwärmung bzw. Mikrowellenerhitzung sind weiterhin Erwärnungsanlagen für feuchtes Gut (CH-PS 585 884) mit Transporteinrichtungen des zu behandelnden Gutes oder auch Durchlauföfen zur Wärmebehandlung mit Hochfrequenzenergie (Brown-Boveri-Druckschrift Nr. CH-IW 110 290 D) bzw- Mikrowellen-Tunnel-Oefen (CH-PS 586 881) bekannt geworden. Diese Anlagen sind ungeeignet zum gleichzeitigen Erwärmen und Mischen von Baustoffen.On the basis of dielectric high-temperature heating or microwave heating, there are also heating systems for moist goods (CH-PS 585 884) with transport devices for the goods to be treated or also continuous furnaces for heat treatment with high-frequency energy (Brown-Boveri publication no. CH-IW 110 290 D). or microwave tunnel oven (CH-PS 586 881) become known. These systems are unsuitable for simultaneous heating and mixing of building materials.

Auf dem Sektor der Wärmebehandlung rieselfähig-fester, teigiger oder flüssiger Stoffe wird beispielsweise nach einem Verfahren bzw. Vorrichtung (DE-PS 20 58 774) der zu behandelnde Stoff am Anfang einer rotierbaren Behandlungsstrecke mit erwärmbaren Körpern vermischt und zusammen mit diesen durch die Hochfrequenz-Behandlungsstrecke bewegt. Darauf werden die erwärmbaren und nicht erwärmbaren Körper wieder getrennt und die erwärmbaren unter Erwärmung an den Anfang der Behandlungsstrecke zurückgefördert. Dieses in der DE-PS 20 58 774 beschriebene Verfahren wurde für die chemische Industrie entwickelt, dessen Anwendung in der Baustoffbearbeitung bzw. -trockung viel zu umständlich wäre.In the heat treatment sector, free-flowing solid, doughy or liquid materials, for example, according to a method or device (DE-PS 20 58 774), the material to be treated is mixed with heatable bodies at the beginning of a rotatable treatment line and together with these by the high frequency Treatment line moves. Thereupon the heatable and non-heatable bodies are separated again and the heatable bodies are conveyed back to the beginning of the treatment section with heating. This process described in DE-PS 20 58 774 was developed for the chemical industry, the application of which in building material processing or drying would be far too complicated.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Erwärmungs- und Mischanlage für Baustoffe mit einem Mischraum zu schaffen, die wirtschaftlich vorteilhaft ist und die Nachteile einer direkten Beflammung vermeiden lässt.The object of the invention is to provide a heating and mixing system for building materials with a mixing room, which is economically advantageous and can avoid the disadvantages of direct flame treatment.

Die gestellte Aufgabe ist dadurch gelöst, dass der Mischraum mit mindestens einer für die Ausstrahlung elektromagnetischerWellenhoher Frequenz vorgesehenen, an einem Hochfrequenzgenerator angeschlossenen Elektrode ausgerüstet ist. Die erfindungsgemäss ausgebildete Erwärmungs-und Mischanlage erlaubt eine Mischförderung oder Zwangsmischung des Baustoffes bei gleichzeitiger Durchstrahlung mit gut regulierbarer und dosierbarer dielektrischer Hochfrequenz- bzw. Miktrowellenenergie zur Erwärmung oder Trocknung des Mischgutes, so dass das Gut unter gleichmässiger Durchmischung homogen und berührungslos mit hoher Leistungskonzentration im Material erhitzt wird. Je nach dem Diffusionswiderstand des Gutes für den Dampfdurchlass ergibt sich die Trocknungszeit für dieses Gut.The object is achieved in that the mixing room is equipped with at least one electrode which is provided for the emission of high-frequency electromagnetic waves and is connected to a high-frequency generator. The heating and mixing system designed according to the invention permits mixed conveyance or forced mixing of the building material with simultaneous irradiation with easily adjustable and meterable dielectric high-frequency or microwave energy for heating or drying the mixed material, so that the material is evenly Mixing is heated homogeneously and without contact with a high power concentration in the material. Depending on the diffusion resistance of the good for the vapor passage, the drying time for this good results.

Die Frequenz der elektromagnetischen Wellen kann aus den folgenden Frequenzen gewählt sein: 13,56 MHz, 27, 120 MHz, 2450 MHz. Diese Frequenzen sind in den meisten Ländern für Erwärmungszwecke mit Hochfrequenz zugelassen.The frequency of the electromagnetic waves can be selected from the following frequencies: 13.56 MHz, 27, 120 MHz, 2450 MHz. These frequencies are approved in most countries for high frequency heating purposes.

Der Mischraum kann auch mit mindestens einer für die Ausstrahlung elektromagnetischer Wellen hoher Frequenz vorgesehenen, an einem Hochfrequenzgenerator angeschlossenen Nachbehandlungselektrode ausgerüstet sein. Durch diese Massnahme ist eine zusätzliche Wärmebehandlung des Baustoffes möglich.The mixing room can also be equipped with at least one aftertreatment electrode which is provided for the emission of high-frequency electromagnetic waves and is connected to a high-frequency generator. This measure enables additional heat treatment of the building material.

Die Elektrode und/oder die Nachbehandlungselektrode kann vorteilhafterweise horizontal und/oder vertikal und/ oder schräg verstellbar sein.The electrode and / or the aftertreatment electrode can advantageously be adjustable horizontally and / or vertically and / or obliquely.

Um die Behandlungszeit des Baustoffes zu verkürzen, kann der Mischraum mit mindestens einem Heizstrahler ausgerüstet sein. Bevorzugt sind elektrische Heizstrahler oder Infrarotstrahler.In order to shorten the treatment time of the building material, the mixing room can be equipped with at least one radiant heater. Electric radiant heaters or infrared radiators are preferred.

Die Elektrode kann vorteilhafterweise als drehbarer Förderteil ausgebildet sein. In diesem Fall muss der drehbare Förderteil selbstverständlich isoliert ausgeführt und beispielsweise über einen Schleifring an einer zum Hochfrequenzgenerator führenden Durchführung angeschlossen sein.The electrode can advantageously be designed as a rotatable conveying part. In this case, the rotatable conveyor part must of course be isolated and, for example, connected to a bushing leading to the high-frequency generator via a slip ring.

Der Mischraum kann mit mindestens einem auf die Baustoffe gerichteten, für die darin auftretenden elektromagnetischen Wellen vorgesehenen Reflektor ausgerüstet sein.The mixing room can be equipped with at least one reflector directed towards the building materials and intended for the electromagnetic waves occurring therein.

Im folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 das elektrische Schaltschema einer Erwärmungs- und Mischanlage,
  • Fig. 2 eine Erwärmungs- und Mischfördcranlage mit horizontal arbeitender Fördcrwelle im perspektivischen Schnitt und
  • Fig. 3 in Draufsicht im Schnitt,
  • Fig. 4 eine Erwärmungs- und Mischanlage mit einem zylindrischen Mischkessel im Schnitt in Draufsicht und
  • Fig. 5 in Seitenansicht.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
  • 1 shows the electrical circuit diagram of a heating and mixing system,
  • Fig. 2 is a heating and mixing conveyor system with horizontally operating conveyor shaft in perspective section and
  • 3 is a sectional plan view,
  • Fig. 4 is a heating and mixing plant with a cylindrical mixing vessel in section in plan view and
  • Fig. 5 in side view.

Die Mischförderanlage für lose Baugüter 11 gemäss elektrischem Schaltschema in Fig. 1 arbeitet auf der Basis der Hochfrequenzbehandlung mit dem industriell bekannten dielektrischen Erwärmungsverfahren. Ab mobiler Diesel-Maschinengruppe la oder ab festem Drehstrom-Netzanschluss lb über Kabel wird schaltbar (Schalter 2) ein leistungsstarker Drehtransformator 3 angespeist, der seinerseits einen Hochspannungsgleichrichter 4 mit elektrischer Energie versorgt. Die hohe Gleichspannung dient als Versorgungsspannung des Röhrenoszillators 6, der im wesentlichen die Oszillatorröhre 5 und den abstimmbaren Schwingkreis 8 enthält. Der Ventilator 7 sorgt für die Abfuhr der entstehenden Verlustwärme im Oszillator.The mixing conveyor system for loose building materials 11 according to the electrical circuit diagram in FIG. 1 works on the basis of the high-frequency treatment with the industrially known dielectric heating method. From a mobile diesel machine group la or from a fixed three-phase mains connection lb via cable, a powerful rotary transformer 3 can be switched (switch 2), which in turn supplies a high-voltage rectifier 4 with electrical energy. The high DC voltage serves as the supply voltage for the tube oscillator 6, which essentially contains the oscillator tube 5 and the tunable resonant circuit 8. The fan 7 ensures the dissipation of the resulting heat loss in the oscillator.

Die im Oszillator entstehende hochfrequente und hochgespannte elektrische Energie wird über einen geeigneten Wellenleiter und eine abstimmbare Koppelspule 9 der Mischförderanlage 10 zugeführt. In ihr befindet sich als wesentlicher Bestandteil ein Arbeitskondensator mit den Platten 12 und 13, zwischen denen sich das Mischgut im hochfrequenten Hochspannungswechselfeld erwärmt. Die Koppelspule 9 und der Arbeitskondensator 12-13 bilden einen auf die Bearbeitungsfrequenz abstimmbaren Parallel-Schwingkreis. Es werden behördlich zugelassene Industriefrequenzen verwendet, die in den meisten Fällen für in der Industrie gebräuchlichen dielektrischen Erwärmungsanlagen für Hochfrequenz zugelassen sind, z.B. die Frequenzen 13,560 MHz und 27,120 MHz oder Mikrowellen beispielsweise 2450 MHz.The high-frequency and high-voltage electrical energy generated in the oscillator is fed to the mixing conveyor system 10 via a suitable waveguide and a tunable coupling coil 9. In it there is an essential component, a working capacitor with the plates 12 and 13, between which the mix is heated in the high-frequency high-voltage alternating field. The coupling coil 9 and the working capacitor 12-13 form a parallel resonant circuit which can be tuned to the machining frequency. Regulatory industry frequencies are used, which in most cases are approved for high frequency dielectric heating systems commonly used in the industry, e.g. the frequencies 13.560 MHz and 27.120 MHz or microwaves for example 2450 MHz.

Die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Mischförderanlage 10 braucht als Mikrowellengenerator für die elektrische Erwärmung in der Leistungsgrössenordnung von ca. 1 - 1000 kW, die aber leistungsmnssig auch grösser oder kleiner sein kann. In diesem ofenartigen Generator wird das zu behandelnde Baugut bzw. im wesentlichen dessen Wasserhaut erhitzt. Wegen der leicht einstellbaren Energiezufuhr kann ein Optimum für die Erhitzung entweder auf die dielektrischen Eigenschaften des Baugutes oder des Wassers eingestellt werden Je nach der Dampfdurchlässigkeit der Oberflächenbeschaffenheit, der Porösität oder der Viskosität der zu behandelnden Trocknungsgüter kann in der Durchlaufanlage 10 die elektrische Hochfrequenzenergie bzw. Mikrowellenenergie für den Erwärmungsprozess optimal eingestellt werden. Diese Regulierung erfolgt mit Hilfe der elektrischen Feldstärke-Aenderung oder der Frequenz-Aenderung in sehr kurzer Zeit. Ausserdem ist es von grossem Vorteil, dass der Erwärmungsprozess örtlich und zeitlich sehr gleichmässig, also homogen erfolgt. Je nach der angewandten prozesstechnischen Verfahren kann der Betrieb kontinuierlich, intermittierend oder kombiniert aus beiden Verfahren eingestellt werden, so dass die gewünschte Temperatur örtlich in der Grössenordnung von ca. 25 °C und 250 °C und darüber, je nach Verfahren, eingestellt werden kann. Hierdurch ergibt sich ein erheblicher technischer Fortschritt gegenüber den vorbekannten Behandlungsverfahren. Die Uebertragungsverluste und das Temperarurgefälle innerhalb des Behandlungsstoffes sind vernachlässigbar klein wie anhand einer Modellanlage aus Versuchsergebnissen resultierte.The mixing conveyor system 10 shown in FIG. 1 needs As a microwave generator for electrical heating in the power range of approx. 1 - 1000 kW, which can also be larger or smaller in terms of output. The building material to be treated or essentially its water skin is heated in this furnace-like generator. Because of the easily adjustable energy supply, an optimum for heating can be set either to the dielectric properties of the building material or the water. Depending on the vapor permeability of the surface properties, the porosity or the viscosity of the drying goods to be treated, the electrical high-frequency energy or microwave energy can be in the continuous system 10 be optimally set for the heating process. This regulation takes place in a very short time with the aid of the change in the electric field strength or the change in frequency. In addition, it is a great advantage that the heating process takes place very evenly, i.e. homogeneously, in terms of location and time. Depending on the process technology used, the operation can be set continuously, intermittently or in combination from both processes, so that the desired temperature can be set locally in the order of magnitude of approx. 25 ° C and 250 ° C and above, depending on the process. This results in significant technical progress over the previously known treatment methods. The transmission losses and the temperature gradient within the treatment substance are negligibly small, as was the result of test results using a model system.

Der Zusammenhang zwischen der vom Behandlungsstoff aufgenommenen Wärme und der zugeführten Hochfrequenzenergie bzw. Mikrowellenenergie ist derart, dass die elektrisch nutzbare Wärme proportional der elektrischen Feldstärke im Quadrat, linear zu den messbaren Materialeigenschaften des Baustoffes (Dielektrizitätskonstante, dielektrischer Verlustfaktor) ansteigt.The relationship between the heat absorbed by the treatment material and the supplied high-frequency energy or microwave energy is such that the electrically usable heat increases proportionally to the square electric field strength, linear to the measurable material properties of the building material (dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor).

In Fig. 2 wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer technologisch konstruierbaren Mischförderanlage offenbart. Die horizontal arbeitenden Förderwellen 14 und 15 werden vom Antrieb 16 angetrieben. Die Rühr- oder Förderarme 17 und 13 mit Verschleissplatten an beiden Enden fördern das durch den Einlauf 19 zugeführte Behandlungsgut in die Mischwanne 20. Dadurch gerät der zu bestrahlende Baustoff zwischen die Platten 21 und 22 des Mikrowellengenerators bzw. des Hochfrequenzgenerators, so dass der dielektrische Trocknungsprozess durchgeführt werden kann. Die Platten 21 und 22 sind horizontal, vertikal und schräg verstellbar, um einen optimalen Einstellwinkel während der Hochfrequenzbehandlung bzw. Mikrowellenbehandlung einstellen zu können. Anschliessend erfolgt eine, je nach Ergebnis zusätzliche Wärmebehandlung zwischen den Nachbehandlungsplatten 23 und 24, durch die das Behandlungsgut ebenfalls befördert wird. Die Zuführung der Hochfrequenzenergie bzw. Mikrowellenenergie erfolgt über die Hochspannungsdurchführungen 25 und 26 für die Hauptbehandlungsplatten bzw. für die Nachbehandlungsplatten. Die Infrarot- oder normalen elektrischen Heizstrahler 27 und 28 trocknen die während des Wärmeprozesses aufgetretenen Wasserdämpfe in der Mischwanne. Der Ventilator 29 sorgt für die notwendige Abfuhr der Luftfeuchtigkeit. In der Mischanlage selbst herrscht sonst eine natürliche Luftumwälzung. Nach dem Trocknen durch Erwärmen fällt das in der Förderrichtung 30 eintreffende Mischgut durch den Auslauf 31, je nach Wunsch, in einen Vorratsbunker oder in bereitstehende Behälter. Die Abschirmbleche 32 und 33- schirmen die Hochfrequenzfelder des aktiven Wellenraumes nach aussen hin ab, so dass die Anlage für das Bedienungspersonal absolut ungefährlich arbeitet.2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a technologically constructable mixing conveyor system. The horizontally operating conveyor shafts 14 and 15 are driven by the drive 16. The stirring or conveying arms 17 and 13 with wear plates at both ends convey the material to be treated fed through the inlet 19 into the mixing trough 20. As a result, the building material to be irradiated gets between the plates 21 and 22 of the microwave generator or the high-frequency generator, so that the dielectric drying process can be carried out. The plates 21 and 22 can be adjusted horizontally, vertically and obliquely in order to be able to set an optimal setting angle during the high-frequency treatment or microwave treatment. Then, depending on the result, an additional heat treatment takes place between the aftertreatment plates 23 and 24, through which the material to be treated is also conveyed. The high-frequency energy or microwave energy is supplied via the high-voltage bushings 25 and 26 for the main treatment plates and for the after-treatment plates. The infrared or normal electric radiant heaters 27 and 28 dry the water vapors that have occurred during the heating process in the mixing tub. The fan 29 ensures the necessary removal of the air humidity. Otherwise, there is natural air circulation in the mixing plant itself. After drying by heating, the mixed material arriving in the conveying direction 30 falls through the outlet 31, as desired, into a storage bunker or into waiting containers. The shielding plates 32 and 33 shield the high-frequency fields of the active wave space from the outside, so that the system works absolutely harmless for the operating personnel.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Bau-Bearbeitungsanlage nach Figur 3 wird ein zylindrischer Mischkessel 34 dargestellt, in dem eine durch Rührarme 35 und 36 auf eine kreisförmige Umlaufbahn 37 mit der Mischerwelle 38 gezwungene Baugutmenge unter gleichzeitiger Enwärmung mit Hochfrequenz- oder Mikrowellenfclder behandclt wird. Die Arbeitskondensatorplatten 39 und 40 werden über die Antriebsmechanik 41 und 42 in die Verstellrichtungen 43 und 44 stufig oder kontinuierlich verstellt, während die Rührschaufeln mit den Längsbewegungen 45 und 46 für eine gute Durchmischung des Behandlungsgutes sorgen. Die Rührschaufeln lassen sich mit den Rührarmen aus einer maximalen Auslenkstellung (Schnitt A-A) in eine minimale Auslenkstellung oder umgekehrt (Schnitt B-B) stufig oder kontinuierlich automatisch verstellen. Die hochfrequente Hochspannung wird der Bau-Bearbeitungsanlage über Hochspannungs-Durchführungsisolatoren 47 und 48 zugeführt.In the exemplary embodiment of the construction processing system according to FIG. 3, a cylindrical mixing kettle 34 is shown, in which a building material is forced by stirring arms 35 and 36 onto a circular orbit 37 with the mixer shaft 38 quantity is treated with simultaneous heating with high-frequency or microwave fields. The working capacitor plates 39 and 40 are adjusted in stages or continuously in the adjustment directions 43 and 44 via the drive mechanism 41 and 42, while the stirring blades with the longitudinal movements 45 and 46 ensure good mixing of the material to be treated. The mixing paddles can be automatically or continuously adjusted in stages or continuously with the mixing arms from a maximum deflection position (section AA) to a minimum deflection position or vice versa (section BB). The high-frequency high voltage is fed to the construction processing system via high-voltage bushing insulators 47 and 48.

Die beschriebenen Erwärmungs- und Mischanlagen können auch mobil auf Fortbewegungsmitteln montiert betrieben werden.The heating and mixing systems described can also be operated while mounted on means of transportation.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass diese Anlagen zur Erwärmung und Mischung der verschiedensten Baustoffen geeignet sind. Die Baustoffe können dabei unterschiedliche Körngrössen aufweisen. Sie können fest und nass oder flüssig sein.It is particularly advantageous that these systems are suitable for heating and mixing a wide variety of building materials. The building materials can have different grain sizes. They can be solid and wet or liquid.

Claims (7)

1. Erwärmungs- und Mischanlage für Baustoffe mit einem Mischraum, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mischraum (20, 34) mit mindestens einer für die Ausstrahlung elektromagnetischer Wellen hoher Frequenz vorgesehenen, an einem Hochfrequenzgenerator (6) angeschlossenen Elektrode (12, 13, 21, 22, 39, 40) ausgerüstet ist.1. Heating and mixing system for building materials with a mixing room, characterized in that the mixing room (20, 34) with at least one electrode (12, 13, 21) provided for the emission of electromagnetic waves of high frequency and connected to a high frequency generator (6), 22, 39, 40). 2. Erwärmungs- und Mischanlage nach Anspruch l, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Frequenz der elektromagnetischen Wellen aus den folgenden Frequenzen gewählt ist: 13,56 MHz, 27,120 MHz, 2450 MHz.2. Heating and mixing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the frequency of the electromagnetic waves is selected from the following frequencies: 13.56 MHz, 27.120 MHz, 2450 MHz. 3. Erwärmungs- und Mischanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der'Mischraum (20) mit mindestens einer für die Ausstrahlung elektromagnetischer Wellen hoher Frequenz vorgesehenen, an einem Hochfrequenzgenegator angeschlossenen Nachbehandlungselektrode (23,24) ausgerüstet ist.3. Heating and mixing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing chamber (20) is equipped with at least one aftertreatment electrode (23, 24) provided for the emission of high-frequency electromagnetic waves and connected to a high-frequency generator. 4. Erwärmungs- und Mischanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektrode (21, 22, 39, 40) und/oder die Nachbehandlungselektrode (23, 24) horizontal und/oder vertikal und/oder schräg verstellbar ist.4. Heating and mixing system according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the electrode (21, 22, 39, 40) and / or the post-treatment electrode (23, 24) is horizontally and / or vertically and / or obliquely adjustable. 5. Erwärmungs- und Mischanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mischraum (20) mit mindestens einem Heizstrahler (27, 28) ausgerüstet ist.5. Heating and mixing system according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the mixing room (20) is equipped with at least one radiant heater (27, 28). 6. Erwärmungs- und Mischanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektrode als drehbarer Förderteil ausgebildet ist.6. Heating and mixing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrode is designed as a rotatable conveying part. 7. Erwärmungs- und Mischanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mischraum mit mindestens einem auf die Baustoffe gerichteten für die darin auftretenden elektromagnetischen Wellen vorgesehenen Reflektor ausgerüstet ist.7. Heating and mixing system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixing room is equipped with at least one reflector intended for the building materials for the electromagnetic waves occurring therein.
EP79101531A 1978-05-23 1979-05-21 Apparatus for heating and mixing building materials Withdrawn EP0005552A3 (en)

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CH556878 1978-05-23
CH5568/78 1978-05-23

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Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0187173A1 (en) * 1984-12-31 1986-07-16 Isem B.V. A process and apparatus for drying and homogenisation of material containing liquids
FR2645950A1 (en) * 1989-04-18 1990-10-19 Marzat Claude Combined mechanical, electrical and electromagnetic device allowing optimised drying of corks or another product by the association of ventilation and the application of microwaves
EP0535771A1 (en) * 1991-10-04 1993-04-07 Matsui Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Apparatus for drying powdered or granular materials
NL1000248C2 (en) * 1995-04-28 1996-10-29 Hosokawa Micron B V Method and device for heating and / or drying powder, granular and / or pasty materials with an MHF field in a conical mixing vessel with at least one rotating and rotating mixing screw.
WO1997037184A1 (en) * 1996-04-02 1997-10-09 Urban Stricker Device for heat-treating bulk materials in feed screws and bulk material drying method
NL1006690C2 (en) * 1997-07-30 1999-02-02 Marinus Minkjan Microwave product processing machine
WO2004113812A1 (en) * 2003-06-20 2004-12-29 Amut S.P.A. Device and method for heating, drying and/or crystallizing plastic materials

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DE707925C (en) * 1938-07-10 1941-07-08 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Process for comminuting, in particular pulverizing, coal and other commodities
GB609192A (en) * 1945-03-27 1948-09-27 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to high frequency heating
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CH346161A (en) * 1956-02-02 1960-04-30 Carl Bremer Rudolf High frequency drying device
DE1149474B (en) * 1958-07-05 1963-05-30 Huels Chemische Werke Ag Method and device for the continuous drying of plastics which are moist with diluent
GB889159A (en) * 1960-02-03 1962-02-07 Radyne Ltd Improvements in or relating to dielectric heating apparatus
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0187173A1 (en) * 1984-12-31 1986-07-16 Isem B.V. A process and apparatus for drying and homogenisation of material containing liquids
FR2645950A1 (en) * 1989-04-18 1990-10-19 Marzat Claude Combined mechanical, electrical and electromagnetic device allowing optimised drying of corks or another product by the association of ventilation and the application of microwaves
EP0535771A1 (en) * 1991-10-04 1993-04-07 Matsui Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Apparatus for drying powdered or granular materials
NL1000248C2 (en) * 1995-04-28 1996-10-29 Hosokawa Micron B V Method and device for heating and / or drying powder, granular and / or pasty materials with an MHF field in a conical mixing vessel with at least one rotating and rotating mixing screw.
WO1996034240A1 (en) * 1995-04-28 1996-10-31 Hosokawa Micron B.V. Method and device for heating and/or drying with an mhf-field of powdery, granular and/or pasty materials in a conical mixing vessel
WO1997037184A1 (en) * 1996-04-02 1997-10-09 Urban Stricker Device for heat-treating bulk materials in feed screws and bulk material drying method
NL1006690C2 (en) * 1997-07-30 1999-02-02 Marinus Minkjan Microwave product processing machine
WO2004113812A1 (en) * 2003-06-20 2004-12-29 Amut S.P.A. Device and method for heating, drying and/or crystallizing plastic materials
WO2005003664A1 (en) * 2003-06-20 2005-01-13 Amut Spa Device and method for heating and/or drying plastic materials

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