DK174080B1 - Cross head structure of vertical two stroke IC engine e.g. diesel engine used in ship - in which axial line is arranged at predetermined distance from intermediate axial line to lower side of sliding surface without changing size of cross head - Google Patents
Cross head structure of vertical two stroke IC engine e.g. diesel engine used in ship - in which axial line is arranged at predetermined distance from intermediate axial line to lower side of sliding surface without changing size of cross head Download PDFInfo
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- DK174080B1 DK174080B1 DK199600711A DK71196A DK174080B1 DK 174080 B1 DK174080 B1 DK 174080B1 DK 199600711 A DK199600711 A DK 199600711A DK 71196 A DK71196 A DK 71196A DK 174080 B1 DK174080 B1 DK 174080B1
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- cross
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- guide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
- F02F7/0021—Construction
- F02F7/0034—Built from sheet material and welded casings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
- F02F7/0002—Cylinder arrangements
- F02F7/0007—Crankcases of engines with cylinders in line
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C5/00—Crossheads; Constructions of connecting-rod heads or piston-rod connections rigid with crossheads
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
- F02F2007/0097—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames for large diesel engines
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
i DK 174080 B1in DK 174080 B1
Opfindelsen angår et krydshoved til en opretstående totakts forbrændingsmotor, hvilket krydshoved sammenkobler stempelstangen og plej Istangen for en af motorens cylindre i et svingleje med omdrejningsakse i en krydshovedakse, og 5 hvor krydshovedet er styret af glideflader der glider på stationære guider, som strækker sig i hovedsagen parallelt med cylinderens længdeakse.The invention relates to a cross head for an upright two-stroke internal combustion engine, which cross head interconnects the piston rod and care for the rod of one of the engine's cylinders in a pivot bearing with a rotational axis in a crosshead axis, and the crosshead is guided by sliding surfaces which slide on stationary guides, parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder.
I en motor af den nævnte art findes krydshovedets glideflader ofte på såkaldte guidesko som er løst lejret på 10 krydshovedet, og guiderne er fast monteret i motorstativet, almindeligvis til tværvægge som strækker sig i planer der ligger mellem motorens cylindre.In a motor of the aforementioned type, the slides of the crosshead are often found on so-called guide shoes which are loosely mounted on the crosshead, and the guides are fixedly mounted in the motor rack, usually for transverse walls extending in planes which lie between the cylinders of the motor.
Krydshovedet har almindeligvis form af en pind, kaldet krydshovedpinden, der i hver ende omsluttes af en 15 guidesko, i området mellem guideskoene omsluttes af plejl-stangens lille ende og ved sin midte er stift forbundet med stempelstangen. Da krydshovedet er hårdt belastet, ønskes det så stort som muligt, og i praksis strækker det sig det meste af afstanden fra væg til væg i motorstativet.The cross head is generally in the form of a stick, called the cross head pin, which is enclosed at each end by a guide shoe, in the region between the guide shoes, is enclosed by the small end of the connecting rod and is closely connected to the piston rod at its center. Since the crosshead is heavily loaded, it is desired as large as possible, and in practice it extends most of the distance from wall to wall in the engine rack.
20 Fra USA patent nr. 1,419,457 kendes et krydshoved, som er beregnet til en liggende maskine såsom en dampmaskine og som på skriftets tegning er vist som asymmetrisk, idet en første afstand fra de længst fra cylinderen beliggende ender af guideskoenes glideflader til et 25 plan der indeholder krydshovedaksen og er vinkelret på cylinderens længdeakse, er mindre end en anden afstand fra de nærmest ved cylinderen beliggende ender af guideskoenes glideflader til det nævnte plan.US Patent No. 1,419,457 discloses a crosshead which is intended for a reclining machine such as a steam machine and which is shown in the drawing as asymmetrical, a first distance from the farthest from the cylinder ends of the sliding surfaces of the guide shoes to a plane which containing the cross-head axis and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder is less than another distance from the ends nearest the cylinder of the sliding surfaces of the guide shoes to said plane.
Der er imidlertid ingen omtale i skriftets beskri-30 velse eller krav af denne asymmetri, og hvad den eventuelt skulle tjene til. US-skriftet angår alene særlige ju-· steringskiler til at optage slør der opstår som følge af slid på guideskoenes glideflader.However, there is no mention in the script's description or claim of this asymmetry and what it might serve. The US document only deals with special adjustment wedges for recording blurs that occur as a result of wear on the guide shoes' sliding surfaces.
Fra eksempelvis dansk patent nr. 147.685 samt 35 publikationen "Instructions for MC/MCE type Engines", Edition 7C, MAN B&W Diesel A/S, København u.å., kendes krydshoveder med guidesko, som hver er udformet x ét stykke og hver bærer halvdelen af krydshovedets glideflader, og DK 174080 B1 2 som er løst lejret på krydshovedet på en krydshovedpind i krydshovedaksen.From, for example, Danish Patent No. 147,685 and 35 publication "Instructions for MC / MCE type Engines", Edition 7C, MAN B&W Diesel A / S, Copenhagen, etc., cross heads with guide shoes are known, each designed x one piece and each carries half of the crosshead sliding surfaces, and DK 174080 B1 2 loosely mounted on the crosshead on a crosshead pin in the crosshead axis.
Fra ældre motorer kendes endvidere guidesko som er bygget op af et centralt parti der er lejret på krydshoved-5 pinden, og påboltede flangepartier som hver bærer glide-fladen til én guide.Also known from older engines are guide shoes, which are made up of a central part, which is mounted on the crosshead 5-pin, and bolted flange portions, each carrying the slide surface to one guide.
Ved krydshovedmotorer er det endvidere muligt at anvende guidesko i ét stykke, sammen med en krydshovedpind hvis skobærende endestykker er aftagelige fra krydshovedet, 10 således at guideskoene kan afmonteres sammen med pindens endestykker, uden at krydshovedet behøver at stå i sin nederste stilling, idet krydshovedpindens endestykker kan tages af medens motoren står i en bestemt stilling, hvor der er adgang til håndtering af endestykkerne.In the case of cross head motors, it is also possible to use one-piece guide shoes, together with a cross head stick whose shoe-bearing end pieces are removable from the cross head, so that the guide shoes can be removed together with the stick end pieces without the cross head having to stand in its lower position, the cross head end can be taken off while the engine is in a certain position where the end pieces are accessible.
15 Det kræves almindeligvis ved store krydshoved motorer at krydshovederne skal kunne afmonteres hver for sig uden adskillelse af motorens hovedelementer, hvilket indebærer at krydshovedet skal kunne fjernes uden demontering af motorstativet med de stationære guider.15 In the case of large cross-head motors, it is generally required that the cross-heads must be detachable separately without separating the main elements of the motor, which means that the cross-head must be removable without dismantling the motor stand with the stationary guides.
20 Ved udtagning af et krydshoved gås der almindelig vis frem på følgende måde:20 When removing a crosshead, the usual procedure is as follows:
Den pågældende cylinders stempel og stempelstang afmonteres fra krydshovedet. Med krumtappen tørnet til nedre dødpunkt for den pågældende cylinder aftages overfaldet 25 i plejlstangens lille ende. Derefter tørnes krumtappen til øvre dødpunkt og krydshovedet løftes lidt med et hejseværk, hvorefter plej Istangen udtages idet krumtappen herunder tørnes på passende måde.The piston and piston rod in question are removed from the crosshead. With the crank dried to the lower dead center of the cylinder in question, the assault 25 is lowered at the small end of the connecting rod. Then the crank is dried to the upper dead center and the crosshead is lifted slightly with a hoist, after which the groom Istangen is removed as the crank below is appropriately dried.
Krydshovedet med guideskoene sænkes herefter helt 30 ned, indtil guideskoene er nedenfor guidernes nedre ender, så skoene kan tages af krydshovedpindens ender, idet de forskydes i motorens længderetning og sættes til hvile på hovedlejernes overfald. Eftersom krydshovedet nu er nedenfor guiderne kan det drejes 90° om en lodret akse, og ud-35 tages gennem en sidevendt åbning i motorstativet. Så længe krydshovedet er monteret, hvorved det befinder sig oppe mellem guiderne, kan det ikke drejes om en lodret akse, 3 DK 174080 B1 fordi krydshovedpindens ender rager ind mellem guiderne og iøvrigt drejningsfikseres af guideskoene.The crosshead with the guide shoes is then lowered fully 30 until the guide shoes are below the lower ends of the guides so that the shoes can be taken off the ends of the cross head pin as they are displaced in the longitudinal direction of the motor and put to rest on the head bearings' assault. Since the crosshead is now below the guides, it can be turned 90 ° about a vertical axis and taken out through a lateral opening in the engine rack. As long as the crosshead is mounted so that it is up between the guides, it cannot be rotated vertically, because the ends of the crosshead stick in between the guides and are otherwise rotated by the guide shoes.
Derfor er den lodrette højde af portalen mellem guidernes nedre ender og oversiden af hovedlejehusets over-5 part bestemt af krydshovedets dimensioner, og navnlig af guideskoenes største udstrækning i lodret retning. Eftersom guidernes udstrækning i hovedsagen er bestemt af kryds'hovedets vandring, idet det almindeligvis kun tillades at et lille stykke af guideskoenes glideflader rager ned forbi 10 guidernes nedre ender i bunddødpunktet, bliver portalhøjden og guidernes længde bestemmende for motorens mindste byggehøjde.Therefore, the vertical height of the portal between the lower ends of the guides and the upper side of the upper part of the main bearing housing is determined by the dimensions of the crosshead, and in particular by the greatest extent of the guide shoes in the vertical direction. Since the extent of the guides is mainly determined by the crossing of the crosshead, as it is generally allowed only a small portion of the guide shoe slides to project past the lower ends of the guides at the bottom dead center, the portal height and the length of the guides determine the minimum building height.
Opfindelsen har til formål at muliggøre en formindskelse af en i øvrigt given motors byggehøjde uden ændring 15 af krydshovedets dimensioner eller dimensionerne af glide-fladerne på guideskoene.The invention aims to enable a reduction in the construction height of an otherwise given engine without changing the dimensions of the crosshead or the dimensions of the sliding surfaces of the guide shoes.
Ved store motorer af den indledningsvis nævnte art, såsom de der anvendes til fremdrift af skibe og til stationær brug på f.eks. større elektricitetsværker, er det af 20 flere grunde ønsket at formindske motorens byggehøjde for en given ydelse per cylinder. Således formindskes derved motorens pladsbehov og vægt, hvad der kan være væsentligt på f.eks. et skib, endvidere formindskes massen af de bevægelige dele i motoren, hvilket bidrager til at mindske 25 motorens brændselsforbrug og endelig formindskes materialeforbruget ved bygning af motoren, hvad der ligeledes kan være af væsentlig betydning ved en motor af sådan størrelse .In the case of large engines of the type mentioned above, such as those used for propulsion of ships and for stationary use on e.g. For larger power plants, it is desirable to reduce the engine height for a given performance per cylinder for 20 more reasons. Thus, the engine's space requirements and weight are reduced, which can be significant for e.g. a ship, furthermore, the mass of the moving parts of the engine is reduced, which helps to reduce the fuel consumption of the engine and finally the material consumption is reduced by the construction of the engine, which can also be of significant importance in an engine of such size.
Med henblik at tilgodese formålet med opfindelsen 30 er motorens krydshoveder ejendommelige ved at en første afstand fra glidefladernes nedre ender til et plan der indeholder krydshovedaksen og er vinkelret på cylinderens længdeakse, er mindre end en anden afstand fra glidefladernes øvre ender til det nævnte plan.For the purpose of the invention 30, the crossheads of the engine are characterized in that a first distance from the lower ends of the sliding surfaces to a plane containing the crosshead axis and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder is less than a second distance from the upper ends of the sliding faces to said plane.
35 Ved at afstanden fra de nedre, fjernest fra stemp let liggende ender af krydshovedernes glideflader til et plan der indeholder krydshovedaksen og er vinkelret på stempelstangens retning, er mindre end afstanden fra glide- DK 174080 B1 λ * fladernes øvre, nærmest stemplet liggende ender til det nævnte plan, kommer krydshovedaksen til at ligge nærmest de nedre ender af giidefladerne, uden at disses størrelse ændres. Med denne lavere beliggenhed af krydshovedaksen er 5 det muligt at lade guidernes nedre ender afsluttes i kortere afstand fra krydshovedaksen, når krydshovedet står i sin nederste stilling, uden at guideskoene derved kommer til at rage for langt ned forbi guidernes nedre ender. Hvis portalhøjden holdes uændret, kan højden af motorstativet 10 mindskes svarende til krydshovedaksens forskydning nedefter i forhold til sin kendte beliggenhed.35 In that the distance from the lower, farthest from the pistons slightly lying ends of the sliding faces of the crossheads to a plane containing the pivotal axis and perpendicular to the direction of the piston rod is less than the distance from the upper ends, closest to the piston lying to the piston rod. the said plane, the intersection axis will be located near the lower ends of the guide surfaces without changing their size. With this lower position of the crosshead axis 5, it is possible to terminate the lower ends of the guides at a shorter distance from the crosshead axis when the crosshead is in its lower position, without the guide shoes thereby projecting too far past the lower ends of the guides. If the portal height is kept unchanged, the height of the motor stand 10 can be reduced corresponding to the displacement of the cross-head axis downward from its known location.
Det er også muligt at udnytte en del af eller hele den nævnte forskydning af krydshovedaksen til en afkortning af plejIstangens længde med heraf følgende formindskelse af 15 motorens byggehøjde. At guideskoene herved kommer nærmere til cylinderen betyder ikke noget, idet bunden af skylle-luftkammeret omkring stempelstangspakdåsen uden videre kan udformes så den giver plads for guideskoenes længere øvre ender.It is also possible to utilize some or all of the aforementioned displacement of the crosshead axis for a shortening of the length of the connecting rod, with the consequent reduction of the construction height of the motor. The fact that the guide shoes thereby get closer to the cylinder does not matter, since the bottom of the flushing air chamber around the piston rod packing box can easily be designed to make room for the longer upper ends of the guide shoes.
20 I en foretrukken udførelsesform er nævnte første afstand fra guideskoenes nedre ender til det førnævnte plan dog ikke mindre end 4 0% af den nævnte anden afstand fra guideskoenes nedre ender til dette plan, og den første afstand ligger fortrinsvis i intervallet 55-95% og særlig 25 foretrukket 68-88% af den anden afstand.However, in a preferred embodiment, said first distance from the lower ends of the guide shoes to the aforementioned plane is not less than 40% of said second distance from the lower ends of the guide shoes to this plane, and the first distance is preferably in the range of 55-95% and especially 25 to 68-88% of the second distance.
Hvis den første afstand bliver mindre end 40% af den anden afstand, kan det blive vanskeligt at opretholde en tilstrækkelig godstykkelse i det afsnit af guideskoen der strækker sig neden under og rundt om krydshovedpinden.If the first distance is less than 40% of the second distance, it may become difficult to maintain a sufficient thickness in the section of the guide shoe extending below and around the cross head pin.
3 0 Grænsen på 55% er anvendelig ved motorer, hvor der kun er behov for en mindre mindskelse af motorens byggehøjde.3 0 The 55% limit is applicable for engines where only a minor reduction in engine height is required.
Intervallet fra 68 til 88% repræsenterer et fordelagtigt kompromis mellem ønskerne om betydelig mindskelse af byggehøjden på den ene side og en fremstillings- og styrke-35 mæssig fordelagtig udformning af guideskoene på den anden side.The range from 68 to 88% represents an advantageous compromise between the desire for significant reduction in construction height on the one hand and a manufacturing and strength-advantageous design of the guide shoes on the other.
I én udførelsesform har krydshovedet løse guidesko der er drejeligt lejret på krydshovedpinden, fortrinsvis 5 DK 174080 B1 drejelige omkring krydshovedaksen, og i hver guidesko er lejet for krydshovedpinden forsat nedefter fra guideskoens midte i retning parallelt med arbejdsretningen. Disse guidesko er lettere at fremstille end guidesko med påbolte-5 de flangestykker; guideskoene kan således eksempelvis støbes i ét stykke.In one embodiment, the crosshead has loose guide shoes pivotally mounted on the crosshead pin, preferably 5 DK 174080 B1 pivotable around the crosshead axis, and in each guide shoe, the bearing for the crosshead pin is lowered downward from the center of the guide shoe in a direction parallel to the working direction. These guide shoes are easier to manufacture than guide shoes with bolted flange pieces; The guide shoes can thus, for example, be molded in one piece.
I en foretrukken udførelsesform af krydshovedet ifølge opfindelsen med løse guidesko ligger afstanden fra guideskoens midte til lejets midte under 22%, fortrinsvis i 10 intervallet 2-15% og særlig foretrukket i intervallet 3-10% af længden af guideskoens glideflader. Disse afstande udtrykker hvor ekscentrisk guideskoene er udformet. De lave ekscentriciteter på under 3% giver ikke nogen betydende mindskelse af motorens byggehøjde, og en mindste ekscentri-15 citet på 3% er derfor at foretrække.In a preferred embodiment of the crosshead according to the invention with loose guide shoes, the distance from the center of the guide shoe to the center of the bearing is less than 22%, preferably in the range 2-15% and especially preferably in the range 3-10% of the length of the guide shoe sliding surfaces. These distances express how eccentric guide shoes are designed. The low eccentricities of less than 3% do not significantly reduce the engine height, and a minimum eccentricity of 3% is therefore preferred.
Guideskoene kan fortrinsvis udføres delbare i et plan der er vinkelret på guideskoens bevægelsesretning og fortrinsvis indeholder lejets akse. Herved kan byggehøjden mindskes yderligere, fordi portalhøjden over de øvre flader 20 på hovedlejerne kan gøres mindre, idet ikke længere hele guideskoen skal kunne fjernes sideværts fra krydshovedpinden medens krydshovedet er hejset ned på oversiden af krumtaporganer m.v. Desuden gøres det muligt på enkel måde at afmontere guideskoene én ad gangen uden at skulle aftage 25 krydshovedet eller krydshovedpinden fra stempelstangen. Endvidere lettes håndteringen væsentligt af at de to parter som guideskoene deles i, kun har nær den halve vægt af hele skoen.The guide shoes may preferably be made divisible in a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the guide shoes and preferably containing the axis of the bearing. Hereby the building height can be further reduced because the portal height above the upper surfaces 20 of the main bearings can be reduced, since it is no longer possible to remove the entire guide shoe laterally from the cross head pin while the cross head is hoisted down on the top of crank members, etc. In addition, it is easy to remove the guide shoes one at a time without having to remove the cross head or cross head pin from the piston rod. Furthermore, the handling is greatly facilitated by the fact that the two parts into which the guide shoes are divided have only about half the weight of the whole shoe.
Opfindelsen angår endvidere en opretstående totakts 30 forbrændingsmotor af krydshovedtypen, omfattende en bundramme med hovedlejer, et oven på bundrammen monteret motorstativ med tværafstivninger i form af tværvægge og til tværvæggene fikserede lodretstående guider for krydshovederne, et cylinderparti med cylinder foringer og for 35 hver cylinder et i cylinderforingen placeret stempel, der via en stempelstang, det tilhørende krydshoved og en plejl-stang er forbundet med krumtapakslen, hvor motorstativets tværvægge ligger lodret oven over hovedlejerne, hvor der 6 DK 174080 B1 mellem oversiden af hvert hovedlejes overfald og den nedre ende af guiderne på den tilhørende tværvæg er en portal med en sådan frihøjde at krydshovedets guidesko kan føres ind i portalen, og hvor krydshovedet sammenkobler stempelstangen 5 og plej Istangen i et svingleje med omdrejningsakse i en krydshovedakse. Denne motor er ifølge opfindelsen ejendommelig ved at afstanden, målt parallelt med cylinderaksen og når stemplet befinder sig i sit nederste dødpunkt, fra krydshovedaksen til den nedre ende af guiderne på den til-10 hørende tværvæg er beliggende i intervallet fra 0 til 23% af udstrækningen af krydshovedets glideflader i samme retning.The invention further relates to an upright cross-head type two-stroke internal combustion engine comprising a base frame with head bearings, a motor frame mounted on the bottom frame with cross-stiffeners in the form of cross walls and fixed cross-head guides for the cross walls, a cylinder portion with a cylinder liner and the piston liner is located piston which is connected via a piston rod, the associated crosshead and a connecting rod to the crankshaft, where the transverse walls of the motor stand lie vertically above the main bearings, where there is 6 DK 174080 B1 between the upper side of each main bearing and the lower end of the guides on the the associated transverse wall is a portal with such clearance that the guide head of the crosshead can be inserted into the portal and where the crosshead interconnects the piston rod 5 and plies the Istangen in a pivot bearing with rotation axis in a crosshead axis. According to the invention, this motor is characterized in that the distance, measured parallel to the cylinder axis and when the piston is at its lower dead center, from the cross-head axis to the lower end of the guides on the associated transverse wall is in the range of 0 to 23% of the extent. of the crosshead sliding surfaces in the same direction.
I de tidligere kendte motorer, hvor krydshovedaksen ligger ved midten af krydshovedets glideflader, udgør den 15 mindste afstand mellem krydshovedaksen og guidernes nedre ender op mod 50% af glidefladernes højde. Ved at anvende et krydshoved af den ovennævnte art er det ifølge opfindelsen muligt at mindske afstanden mellem krydshovedaksen og guidernes nedre ender, hvilket giver de ovenfor beskrevne 20 fordele.In the prior art motors, where the intersection axis is at the center of the intersection sliding surfaces, the minimum distance between the intersection axis and the lower ends of the guides is up to 50% of the height of the intersection surfaces. By using a crosshead of the above-mentioned type, it is possible according to the invention to reduce the distance between the crosshead axis and the lower ends of the guides, which gives the 20 advantages described above.
I en foretrukken udførelsesform er nævnte afstand fra krydshovedaksen til guidernes nedre ende beliggende i intervallet fra 2 til 15%, fortrinsvis højst 10%, af udstrækningen af krydshovedets glideflader i samme retning.In a preferred embodiment, said distance from the crosshead axis to the lower end of the guides is in the range of from 2 to 15%, preferably not more than 10%, of the extent of the sliding faces of the crosshead in the same direction.
25 Den nedre grænse på 2% sikrer at krydshovedet ikke påvirker den nedre afslutning af guiderne med for store kræfter, og grænserne på henholdsvis 15% og 10% giver mulighed for mærkbare reduktioner af motorens byggehøjde.25 The lower limit of 2% ensures that the crosshead does not affect the lower end of the guides with excessive force, and the limits of 15% and 10% respectively allow for noticeable reductions in engine height.
Krydshovedets guidesko kan hensigtsmæssigt være 30 delbare i et plan, der er vinkelret på guideskoenes bevægelsesretning og fortrinsvis indeholder lejets akse, og i dette tilfælde kan portalens frihøjde laves mindre end guideskoenes udstrækning i disses bevægelsesretning, hvilket umiddelbart ses at muliggøre en yderligere mindskelse 35 af byggehøjden, fordi portalens højde er mindre. Inden krydshovedskoene føres ud i portalen, når de aftages fra krydshovedet, adskilles skoene i deres to dele, der enkeltvis føres ud i portalen og aflægges på hovedlejets over- 7 DK 174080 B1 fald, hvorfra de efter hævning af krydshovedet kan løftes ud af motoren.The guide head of the crosshead may conveniently be divisible into a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the guide shoes and preferably containing the axis of the bearing, in which case the clearance height of the portal can be made less than the extent of the guide shoes in their direction of movement, which is immediately seen to enable a further reduction of the construction height. because the height of the portal is smaller. Before the cross-head shoes are brought out into the portal when they are removed from the cross-head, the shoes are separated into their two parts, which are individually carried out into the portal and deposited on the head of the main bearing, from which they can be lifted out of the motor after raising the cross-head.
Opfindelsen vil i det følgende blive forklaret nærmere ved hjælp af udførelseseksempler under henvisning til 5 tegningen, på hvilken fig. 1 viser et skematisk tværsnit i en skibs-dieselmotor ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 2 viser en udførelsesform af en guidesko ifølge opfindelsen, 10 fig. 3 viser et snit efter linien II-II i fig. 1, fig. 4 viser en udføre Ise s form af en delbar guidesko ifølge opfindelsen, fig. 5 viser skematisk den delbare guidesko i fig. 4, i snit efter linien V-V, lejret på krydshovedet og 15 samvirkende med guider i motorstativet, og fig. 6-8 skematisk illustrerer tre trin i en fremgangsmåde til udtagning af et krydshoved fra en skibsdieselmotor ifølge opfindelsen.The invention will now be explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: 1 shows a schematic cross section of a ship diesel engine according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a guide shoe according to the invention; FIG. 3 shows a section along line II-II of FIG. 1, FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of Ise's form of a divisible guide shoe according to the invention; FIG. 5 schematically shows the divisible guide shoe of FIG. 4, in section along the line V-V, mounted on the crosshead and cooperating with guides in the motor stand, and fig. 6-8 schematically illustrate three steps in a method for removing a crosshead from a ship diesel engine according to the invention.
I fig. 1 ses et tværsnit i en totakts skibsdiesel-20 motor ifølge opfindelsen, med en bundramme 110 med hovedlejer 111 og et motorstativ 100. Det ovenpå motorstativet liggende cylinderparti er ikke vist. Tværsnittet er tilnærmelsesvis lagt således at snitplanet indeholder længdeaksen for én af motorens cylindre. Der ses derfor i fig. 1 25 den ene 101 af de tværvægge som ligger op til cylinderen, med det ene 102 af de to sæt guider som styrer krydshovedet hørende til cylinderen, samt en krumtapsøle 105, det ene krumtapslag 106 og en hovedakselsøle 107.In FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a two-stroke ship diesel engine according to the invention, with a bottom frame 110 with main bearings 111 and an engine rack 100. The cylinder portion lying on top of the engine rack is not shown. The cross-section is approximately laid so that the section plane contains the longitudinal axis of one of the engine's cylinders. It is therefore seen in FIG. 1 shows one of the transverse walls adjacent to the cylinder, with one 102 of the two sets of guides controlling the crosshead belonging to the cylinder, as well as a crankshaft 105, one crankshaft 106 and a main shaft column 107.
Krydshovedets ene guidesko er vist både i sin top-3 0 stilling (øvre dødpunkt), hvor den er betegnet med 103 og i sin bundstilling (nedre dødpunkt), hvor den er betegnet* med 104.The crosshead's one guide shoe is shown both in its top-30 position (upper dead-end), where it is designated 103 and in its bottom position (lower dead-end), where it is designated * by 104.
Mellem oversiden 113 af hvert hovedlejes 111 overfald 112 og den nedre ende 114 af guiderne på den tilhøren-35 de tværafstivning er der en portal 115, som afsluttes opad-til af underkanten 116 af det afsnit af tværvæggen 101, der bærer guiderne 102.Between the upper surface 113 of each main bearing 111 overlaps 112 and the lower end 114 of the guides on the associated cross-stiffener, there is a portal 115 which terminates upwardly to the bottom edge 116 of the section of the transverse wall 101 carrying the guides 102.
DK 174080 B1 fl I guideskoens nedre dødpunkt 104 rager guideskoens glideflader 120 nedenfor guidernes 102 nederste ender 114 med en afstand, som i fig. 1 er betegnet med E. Herved ligger krydshovedaksen i en lodret afstand fra den nedre ende 5 af guiderne, hvilken afstand er betegnet med F i fig. 1.DK 174080 B1 fl In the lower dead end 104 of the guide shoe, the slide surfaces 120 of the guide shoe project below the lower ends 114 of the guides 102 at a distance, as in FIG. 1 is indicated by E. Hereby the cross-axis is at a vertical distance from the lower end 5 of the guides, which distance is indicated by F in FIG. First
I den i fig. 1 viste motor er afstanden E ca. 20% og afstanden F ca. 13% af udstrækningen af guideskoens 104 glideflader 120.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the distance E is approx. 20% and the distance F approx. 13% of the extent of the sliding surfaces 120 of the guide shoe 104.
I fig. 2-3 ses en guidesko 1 til et krydshoved 10 ifølge opfindelsen. I den viste udførelsesform kan guideskoen fremstilles ved støbning i ét stykke. Guideskoen har en gennemgående boring 2 med en lejeflade 3, som er tilpasset til en tap på krydshovedet, oftest på enden af krydshovedpinden. Guideskoen hviler på denne tap, og styre-15 kræfterne overføres fra guideskoen til krydshovedet gennem boringen 2 og tappen.In FIG. 2-3 shows a guide shoe 1 for a cross head 10 according to the invention. In the illustrated embodiment, the guide shoe can be made by one-piece molding. The guide shoe has a through bore 2 with a bearing surface 3 which is adapted to a pin on the crosshead, most often on the end of the crosshead stick. The guide shoe rests on this pin, and the guide 15 forces are transferred from the guide shoe to the crosshead through bore 2 and the pin.
Guideskoens glideflader udgøres i det væsentlige af tildannede flader 4 på guideskoens sidekanter. Alt efter udformningen af guiderne kan der være supplerende glide-20 flader, eller flader til montering af styrelister med supplerende glideflader, på andre af guideskoens kanter.The guide surfaces of the guide shoe are essentially formed faces 4 on the side edges of the guide shoe. Depending on the design of the guides, there may be additional sliding surfaces, or surfaces for mounting guide strips with additional sliding surfaces, on other edges of the guide shoe.
Guideskoen 1 er på almindeligt kendt måde ved støbningen udformet med passende udsparinger, således at guideskoen får skikkelse af en flad, pladeformig krop 6 med en 25 knast 7 til boringen 2 og kantvulster 8 til glide- og/eller monteringsfladerne 4, samt ribber 9 m.v. til forstærkning af guideskoen.The guide shoe 1 is in the conventional manner molded with suitable recesses, so that the guide shoe is provided with a flat, plate-shaped body 6 with a 25 pin 7 for the bore 2 and edge bumps 8 for the sliding and / or mounting surfaces 4, and ribs 9, etc. for reinforcing the guide shoe.
Ifølge opfindelsen er guideskoen i i fig. 2-3 udformet således at en første afstand A fra glidefladernes 30 nedre ender 10 til et plan 11, der indeholder krydshovedaksen 12 og er vinkelret på cylinderens længdeakse (som er beliggende i en plan 13, fig. 2-3), er mindre end en anden afstand B fra giidefladernes øvre ender 14 til planet 11.According to the invention, the guide shoe of FIG. 2-3 are formed such that a first distance A from the lower ends 10 of the sliding surfaces 30 to a plane 11 containing the cross-head axis 12 and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder (which is located in a plane 13, Figs. 2-3) is less than a second distance B from the upper ends 14 of the guide surfaces to the plane 11.
For en guidesko 1 til en motor, hvor guideskoens 1 35 glideflader 4 for eksempel har en samlet længde på 1.160 mm, kan afstanden A eksempelvis være 470 mm og afstanden B eksempelvis 690 mm.For example, for a guide shoe 1 for a motor in which the sliding surfaces 4 of the guide shoe 1 35 have a total length of 1,160 mm, the distance A can be, for example, 470 mm and the distance B for example 690 mm.
9 DK 174080 B1 I almindeligt kendte guidesko er afstande svarende til afstandene A og B i fig. 2-3, lige store. Krydshovedaksen i de kendte guidesko kommer derved til at have en beliggenhed, som er angivet med henvisningstal 15 i fig. 2.9 DK 174080 B1 In commonly known guide shoes, distances corresponding to the distances A and B in fig. 2-3, equal in size. The crosshead axis of the known guide shoes will thereby have a position which is indicated by reference numeral 15 in FIG. 2nd
5 Sammenlignet med disse almindeligt kendte guidesko er krydshovedaksen 12 i guideskoen 1 i fig. 2-3 således forsat nedefter i forhold til guideskoens glideflader 4, med afstanden 16.5 Compared to these commonly known guide shoes, the crosshead axis 12 of the guide shoe 1 in FIG. 2-3 thus set downwardly relative to the guide surfaces 4 of the guide shoe, with the distance 16.
Denne forsætning kan udnyttes som forklaret oven-10 for, til at forsætte cylinder, skylleluftkammer, stempelstang og pakdåse nedefter, med en afstand svarende til afstanden 16, hvorved der kan opnås en formindskelse af motorens byggehøjde uden ændring af glidefladernes 4 udstrækning og uden ændring af højden af portalerne i motorstati-15 vets tværvægge.This assumption can be utilized as explained above for moving the cylinder, purging chamber, piston rod and packing box downwards, at a distance corresponding to the distance 16, thereby obtaining a reduction of the engine height without changing the extent of the sliding surfaces 4 and without changing the the height of the portals in the transverse walls of the motor stat.
I fig. 4-5 ses en guidesko 21 til et krydshoved ifølge opfindelsen. Guideskoen 21 er i hovedsagen opbygget på samme måde som vist i fig. 2-3, men er desuden delbar langs et plan 31, som går gennem krydshovedaksen 32, idet 20 guideskoen består af en overpart 40 og en underpart 41.In FIG. 4-5 shows a guide shoe 21 for a cross head according to the invention. The guide shoe 21 is generally constructed in the same manner as shown in FIG. 2-3, but is further divisible along a plane 31 passing through the intersection axis 32, the guide shoe comprising an upper part 40 and a lower part 41.
Guideskoen 21 har ligeledes en gennemgående boring 22 med en lejeflade 23 i en knast 27, og er med lejefladen 23 lejret på en tap 52 på enden af krydshoved-pinden 51.The guide shoe 21 also has a through bore 22 with a bearing surface 23 in a cam 27, and with the bearing surface 23 is mounted on a pin 52 on the end of the crosshead pin 51.
25 Guideskoens glideflader udgøres ligeledes her i det væsentlige af tildannede flader 24 på kantvulster 28 på guideskoens sidekanter. Supplerende glideflader, eller flader til montering af styrelister med supplerende glideflader, som kan være udformet på andre af guideskoens kan-30 ter til styring af guideskoen og dermed krydshovedet i motorens længderetning, er ikke vist i fig. 4-5.The guide surfaces of the guide shoe are also here constituted essentially of formed surfaces 24 of edge beads 28 on the side edges of the guide shoe. Additional sliding surfaces, or surfaces for mounting guide rails with supplementary sliding surfaces, which may be formed on other edges of the guide shoe for controlling the guide shoe and thus the crosshead in the longitudinal direction of the motor, are not shown in fig. 4-5.
GIidefladerne 24 glider mod modsvarende glideflader på guiderne 54, som er fast monteret på den til guideskoen svarende tværvæg 55 i motorstativet, se fig. 5.The sliding surfaces 24 slide against corresponding sliding surfaces of the guides 54, which are fixedly mounted on the transverse wall 55 corresponding to the guide shoe in the motor frame, see fig. 5th
35 Guideskoen 21 i fig. 4-5 er ligeledes ifølge op findelsen udformet således at en første afstand C fra gi idefladernes nedre ender 30 til et plan 31, der indeholder krydshovedaksen 32 og er vinkelret på cylinderens 10 DK 174080 B1 længdeakse 53 (fig. 5) , er mindre end en anden afstand D fra glidefladernes øvre ender 34 til planet 11.The guide shoe 21 in FIG. 4-5 are also according to the invention designed so that a first distance C from the lower ends 30 of the idler surfaces to a plane 31 containing the intersectional axis 32 and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 53 of the cylinder 10 (Fig. 5) is less than a second distance D from the upper ends 34 of the sliding surfaces to the plane 11.
Krydshovedaksen 32 er dermed i guideskoen 21 i fig. 4-5 ligeledes forsat nedefter i forhold til guidesko-5 ens glideflader 14. Denne forsætning giver tilsvarende muligheder som nævnt ovenfor under omtalen af fig. 2-3.The crosshead axis 32 is thus in the guide shoe 21 of FIG. 4-5 also downwardly relative to the guide surfaces of the guide shoe 5. This assumption provides similar possibilities as mentioned above during the discussion of FIG. 2-3.
For en guidesko 21 til en motor, hvor tappen 52 på krydshovedpinden 51 for eksempel har en diameter på 500 mm og guideskoens 21 glideflader 24 en samlet længde på 10 1.000 mm, kan afstanden C eksempelvis være 470 mm og af standen D eksempelvis 530 mm.For example, for a guide shoe 21 for a motor in which the pin 52 of the cross head pin 51 has a diameter of 500 mm and the sliding surfaces 24 of the guide shoe 21 have a total length of 10 1,000 mm, the distance C may be, for example, 470 mm and of the stand D for example 530 mm.
Guideskoens 21 over- og underparter 40-41 holdes eksempelvis sammen med pindbolte 42, 43. Bolten 42 vises til venstre i fig. 4 som eksempel på en gennemgående pind-15 bolt, der sammen med to møtrikker 44 spænder guideskoens 21 to halvparter 40-41 sammen. Bolten 43 vises til højre i fig. 4 som et alternativt eksempel på en pindbolt, som er skruet i et gevind-bundhul 45 i guideskoens underpart 41 og som ved hjælp af en møtrik 46 spænder guideskoens 21 over-20 part 40 mod underparten 41. Selvfølgelig vil der i en konkret guidesko 21 vælges f.eks. enten to pindbolte som bolten 42 eller to pindbolte som bolten 43.For example, the upper and lower portions 40-41 of the guide shoe 21 are held together with stud bolts 42, 43. The bolt 42 is shown on the left in FIG. 4 as an example of a through-pin 15 bolt, which together with two nuts 44, joins the two halves 40-41 of the guide shoe 21 together. The bolt 43 is shown to the right in FIG. 4 as an alternative example of a stud bolt which is screwed into a threaded bottom hole 45 in the guide part 41 and which, by means of a nut 46, guides the upper part 20 of the guide shoe 21 against the lower part 41. Of course, in a concrete guide shoe 21 is selected e.g. either two stud bolts like bolt 42 or two stud bolts like bolt 43.
Fig. 6-8 viser visse trin i en fremgangsmåde såsom den indledningsvis beskrevne, til at udtage et krydshoved 25 fra en motor ifølge opfindelsen. Samme dele har samme henvisningsbetegnelser i fig. 6-8.FIG. 6-8 show certain steps in a method such as the one described initially to take out a crosshead 25 from a motor according to the invention. The same parts have the same reference numerals in FIG. 6-8.
Efter at cylinderens stempel og stempelstang er afmonteret fra krydshovedet, tørnes krumtappen til nedre dødpunkt for den pågældende cylinder, og overfaldet i 30 plej Istangens lille ende aftages. Krumtappen tørnes til øvre dødpunkt og krydshovedet løftes lidt med et hejse-' værk 60 (fig. 6), hvorefter plejlstangen udtages.After the cylinder piston and piston rod are removed from the crosshead, the crank is dried to the lower dead center of that cylinder and the plunger at the small end of the rod rod is removed. The crank is dried to the upper dead center and the crosshead is lifted slightly with a hoist 60 (Fig. 6), after which the connecting rod is removed.
Krydshovedet 61 med guideskoene 64 sænkes helt ned som det er vist i fig. 6, indtil guideskoene 64 er nedenfor 35 guidernes 62 nedre ender, med en foreskreven afstand G til disse. Dernæst løftes guideskoene lidt med hejseværker 63, så de kan tages af krydshovedpindens 61 endetappe 65, idet de som vist i fig. 7 forskydes som indikeret med henvis- 11 DK 174080 B1 ningsbetegnelsen H, i motorens længderetning og aflægges på hovedlejernes overfald 71. Eftersom krydshovedet 61 nu er nedenfor guiderne kan det drejes 90° om en lodret akse, og udtages gennem en sidevendt åbning 121 (fig. 1) i motor-5 stativet.The crosshead 61 with the guide shoes 64 is lowered completely as shown in FIG. 6 until the guide shoes 64 are below the lower ends of the guides 62, with a prescribed distance G thereto. Next, the guide shoes are lifted slightly with hoists 63, so that they can be taken off the end pin 65 of the crosshead pin 61, as shown in FIG. 7 is displaced as indicated by reference designation H, in the longitudinal direction of the motor and is deposited on the main bearing overlap 71. Since the crosshead 61 is now below the guides, it can be rotated 90 ° about a vertical axis and taken out through a lateral opening 121 (fig. 1) in the engine-5 rack.
Det ses tydeligt i fig. 8 at guideskoene 64 skal være neden for guidernes 62 nedre ender 73, og dermed neden for overkanten 72 af portalen 74 i tværvæggen 75, før guideskoene 64 kan forskydes som indikeret med H (fig. 7), 10 og dermed før krydshovedpinden 61 kan drejes om en lodret akse og bevæges på tværs af motorens længderetning.It is clearly seen in FIG. 8 that the guide shoes 64 must be below the lower ends 73 of the guides 62, and thus below the upper edge 72 of the portal 74 in the transverse wall 75, before the guide shoes 64 can be displaced as indicated by H (Fig. 7), 10 and thus before the cross head pin 61 can be turned about a vertical axis and moving across the longitudinal direction of the motor.
Den tilladelige højde af portalen 74 mellem guidernes 62 nedre ender 73 og oversiden af hovedlejehusenes overparter 71 er således bestemt af guideskoenes 64 største 15 udstrækning i lodret retning.The permissible height of the portal 74 between the lower ends 73 of the guides 62 and the upper side of the upper parts 71 of the main bearing housings is thus determined by the largest extent of the guide shoes 64 in the vertical direction.
De i fig. 6-8 viste guidesko 64 skal opfattes som værende af den i fig. 2-3 viste udførelsesform 1. Tænkes i stedet anvendt den i fig. 4-5 viste, foretrukne udførelsesform 21 af guideskoen ifølge opfindelsen, kan portalerne 74 20 udføres endnu lavere, idet kun den ene halvpart af guideskoene ad gangen skal kunne bevæges i retningerne H og føres sideværts ind i portalerne 74. Ved passende betjening af hejseværkerne 60, 63 kan først guideskoenes 21 underparter 41 aflægges på en understøtning som hviler mellem de 25 to cylinderaksen nærmeste hovedlejeoverfaid 71, dernæst kan guideskoenes overparter løftes fri af krydshovedet, og endelig kan dette drejes og føres ud.The 6-8 guide shoes 64 shown to be construed as being in the FIG. 2-3, which is used instead of the one shown in FIG. 4 to 5, preferred embodiment 21 of the guide shoe according to the invention, the portals 74 20 can be made even lower, in that only one half of the guide shoes can be moved at a time in the directions H and are laterally inserted into the portals 74. By appropriate operation of the hoists 60 63, first, the subparts 41 of the guide shoe 21 may be placed on a support resting between the 25 main cylinder bearing face 71 of the two cylinder axes, then the guide portions of the guide shoe can be lifted free of the crosshead, and finally this can be turned and extended.
Med disse lavere udførelsesformer for portalerne 74 er det tilsvarende muligt at formindske motorens byggehøjde 30 yderligere, som det er beskrevet ovenfor, og med de dertil knyttede fordele.Similarly, with these lower embodiments of the portals 74, it is possible to further reduce the building height 30 of the engine, as described above, and the associated advantages.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK199600711A DK174080B1 (en) | 1996-06-28 | 1996-06-28 | Cross head structure of vertical two stroke IC engine e.g. diesel engine used in ship - in which axial line is arranged at predetermined distance from intermediate axial line to lower side of sliding surface without changing size of cross head |
| JP17164397A JP3696377B2 (en) | 1996-06-28 | 1997-06-27 | Crosshead for crosshead type vertical two-cycle internal combustion engine and vertical two-cycle internal combustion engine provided with the crosshead |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK71196 | 1996-06-28 | ||
| DK199600711A DK174080B1 (en) | 1996-06-28 | 1996-06-28 | Cross head structure of vertical two stroke IC engine e.g. diesel engine used in ship - in which axial line is arranged at predetermined distance from intermediate axial line to lower side of sliding surface without changing size of cross head |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK71196A DK71196A (en) | 1997-12-29 |
| DK174080B1 true DK174080B1 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
Family
ID=8096662
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK199600711A DK174080B1 (en) | 1996-06-28 | 1996-06-28 | Cross head structure of vertical two stroke IC engine e.g. diesel engine used in ship - in which axial line is arranged at predetermined distance from intermediate axial line to lower side of sliding surface without changing size of cross head |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3696377B2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK174080B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1881255A2 (en) * | 2006-07-18 | 2008-01-23 | Wärtsilä Schweiz AG | Hub holder for the shaft of a reciprocating combustion machine |
-
1996
- 1996-06-28 DK DK199600711A patent/DK174080B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-06-27 JP JP17164397A patent/JP3696377B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1881255A2 (en) * | 2006-07-18 | 2008-01-23 | Wärtsilä Schweiz AG | Hub holder for the shaft of a reciprocating combustion machine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3696377B2 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
| JPH1082327A (en) | 1998-03-31 |
| DK71196A (en) | 1997-12-29 |
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