DK163987B - PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF HYDRAULIC BINDING AGENTS - Google Patents

PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF HYDRAULIC BINDING AGENTS Download PDF

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DK163987B
DK163987B DK488085A DK488085A DK163987B DK 163987 B DK163987 B DK 163987B DK 488085 A DK488085 A DK 488085A DK 488085 A DK488085 A DK 488085A DK 163987 B DK163987 B DK 163987B
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clay
calcium carbonate
calcium
containing phases
temperature
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DK488085A
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DK488085A (en
DK163987C (en
DK488085D0 (en
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Guy Meynardi
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Champagnole Ciments
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Description

Den foreliggende opfindelse angår en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af hydrauliske bindemidler.The present invention relates to a process for producing hydraulic binders.

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For at lette læsningen af denne tekst vil der indled-5 ningsvis blive givet nogle definitioner af de anvendte termer: Råmel: en blanding af kalksten (calciumcarbonat) og ler (oxider af silicium, aluminium og jern) i veldefinerede 10 forhold, som er formalet, tørret og homogeniseret med henblik på fremstilling af portland-cementklinker.In order to facilitate the reading of this text, some definitions of the terms used will initially be given: Raw flour: a mixture of limestone (calcium carbonate) and clay (oxides of silicon, aluminum and iron) in well-defined conditions which are ground , dried and homogenized to make portland cement clinker.

Klinker: et produkt fremstillet efter termisk behandling af råmel i en cementovn ved 1450 °C, som i hovedsagen 15 indeholder calciumaluminater, aluminoferriter og calcium-silicater. Klinker er et hydraulisk produkt, som efter afsluttende formaling med nogle procent gips fører til produktet standardiseret portland-cement.Clinker: a product made after thermal treatment of raw flour in a cement kiln at 1450 ° C, which mainly contains calcium aluminates, aluminoferrites and calcium silicates. Clinker is a hydraulic product which, after final grinding with some percent plaster, leads to the product standardized Portland cement.

. 20 Gipstilsætning: operation, ved hvilken der tilsættes nogle få procent gips (CaSO^, 2 1^0) ved klinkerformalingen til indstilling af cementens afbindingstid.. Gypsum addition: operation by which a few percent plaster (CaSO 2, 2 1 ^ 0) is added in the clinker milling to adjust the cementing time.

Puzzolan: lerholdigt produkt, som har været underkastet 25 en dehydroxylerende varmebehandling, som bibringer produktet evnen til at reagere med kalk ved hærdning af portland-cement.Puzzolan: clay-containing product which has been subjected to a dehydroxylating heat treatment which imparts the ability of the product to react with lime upon curing portland cement.

Før 1960'erne blev råmelets komponenter blandet i form af 30 en vandig slam indeholdende 30-35% vand. Dette vand måtte fjernes ved fordampning før brændingen af råmelet, således at den ved fremstilling af klinker anvendte energi da var af størrelsesordenen 1500 kilokalorier pr. kilo klinker. Senere kom muligheden for at fremstille en god rå-35 melsblanding ad tør vej og åbnede mulighed for tilvejebringelse af en betydelig forbedring af det termiske udbytte ved den såkaldte tørproces. Senere har man opnåetPrior to the 1960s, the components of the raw flour were mixed in the form of an aqueous slurry containing 30-35% water. This water had to be removed by evaporation before the burning of the raw flour, so that the energy used in the production of clinker was then of the order of 1500 kilocalories per day. kilos of clinker. Later, the opportunity to prepare a good dry-mix mixture came along the way and opened up the possibility of significantly improving the thermal yield in the so-called dry process. Later they have achieved

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2 en yderligere reduktion af energiforbruget til 800 kilokalorier pr. kg klinker ved tilvejebringelse af en mere effektiv varmeveksling i cementovnene.2 a further reduction of energy consumption to 800 kilocalories per day. kg of clinker by providing a more efficient heat exchange in the cement kilns.

5 Dette varmeforbrug repræsenterer omtrent den praktiske grænse ved fremstilling af gængse klinker, dvs., at det indtil nu ikke har været muligt at tilvejebringe en yderligere energireduktion.5 This heat consumption represents roughly the practical limit in the production of conventional clinkers, that is, until now it has not been possible to provide further energy reduction.

10 Det står således klart, at fremstillingen af cement kræver betydelige energimængder. F.eks. figurerer den franske cementindustri som den næststørste energiforbruger.10 It is thus clear that the manufacture of cement requires considerable amounts of energy. Eg. figures the French cement industry as the second largest energy consumer.

15 Det er således ikke vanskeligt at forstå, at alle cementproducenter permanent forsøger at nedskære energiforbruget for at formindske deres omkostninger.15 Thus, it is not difficult to understand that all cement producers are constantly trying to cut energy consumption in order to reduce their costs.

Det kan endvidere tilføjes, at cementindustrien stadigvæk 20 trods anvendelsen af tørmetodeteknikken repræsenterer en forureningskilde på grund af ovnenes høje driftstemperatur. Under disse betingelser er det nødvendigt at arbejde med betydelige installationer til beskyttelse af miljøet, hvilket medfører yderligere omkostningsforøgelser i for-25 bindelse med vor tids fremstilling af hydrauliske bindemidler.It may further be added that, despite the use of the dry method technique, the cement industry still represents a source of pollution due to the high operating temperature of the furnaces. Under these conditions, it is necessary to work with significant installations to protect the environment, which entails further cost increases in connection with the production of hydraulic binders of our time.

I dansk fremlæggelsesskrift nr. 154 897 omtales en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af hydrauliske bindemidler med 30 varierende egenskaber ved udtagning af varmebehandlet (ved temperaturer fortrinsvis mellem 450 °C og 900 °C) støvformet til cementklinkerfremstilling beregnet materiale som en delstrøm, der efter afkøling anvendes til fremstilling af de hydrauliske bindemidler. I denne for-35 bindelse omtales ingen regulering af carbondioxidpartialtrykket, ej heller en mulig indflydelse heraf på produkterne .Danish Patent Specification No. 154 897 discloses a process for producing hydraulic binders having 30 varying properties when extracting heat-treated (at temperatures preferably between 450 ° C and 900 ° C) dusty material for cement clinker manufacture calculated as a partial stream which, after cooling, is used for manufacture of the hydraulic binders. In this connection, no regulation of the carbon dioxide partial pressure is mentioned, nor a possible influence thereof on the products.

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33

Den til grund for opfindelsen liggende opgave går ud på at afhjælpe disse ulemper og tilvejebringe en hidtil ukendt fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af hydrauliske bindemidler, som arbejder ved lavere temperatur, åbner 5 mulighed for at undgå udsendelse af forurenende stoffer, fordi processen gennemføres ved ca. 900 °C, og som tillader en betydelig energimæssig besparelse.The object of the invention is to alleviate these disadvantages and to provide a novel method for producing hydraulic binders operating at lower temperature, allowing 5 to avoid the release of pollutants because the process is carried out at approx. 900 ° C, which allows significant energy savings.

Det har nu overraskende vist sig, at det er muligt at 10 fremstille hydrauliske bindemidler med forbedret kvalitet i forhold til de ved de gængse metoder fremstillede hydrauliske bindemidler.It has now surprisingly been found that it is possible to produce hydraulic binders of improved quality over the hydraulic binders produced by the conventional methods.

Dette sker ved den her omhandlede fremgangsmåde til frem-15 stilling af et hydraulisk bindemiddel af den i krav l's indledning beskrevne art, hvilken fremgangsmåde er ejendommelig ved det i krav l's kendetegnende del anførte.This is done by the method of the present invention for producing a hydraulic binder of the kind described in the preamble of claim 1, which is characterized by the characterizing part of claim 1.

Ved den kemiske fremstilling af hydrauliske bindemidler, 20 såsom cement, foretager man en fuldstændig termisk dekom-ponering af det i råmelet tilstedeværende calciumcarbo-nat, således at det herved dannede calciumoxid ved forhøjet temperatur (1200-1450 °C) kan reagere med oxiderne af jern, aluminium og silicium til dannelse af klinkernes 25 hydrauliske faser.In the chemical preparation of hydraulic binders, such as cement, a complete thermal decomposition of the calcium carbonate present in the raw flour is made so that the resulting calcium oxide at elevated temperature (1200-1450 ° C) can react with the oxides of iron, aluminum and silicon to form the hydraulic phases of the clinker.

Ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse hindres fuldstændig decarbonatisering af calciumcarbonatet, idet decarbonati-seringen begrænses til alene at føre til dannelse af ak- 30 tive kalkforbindelser.According to the present invention, complete decarbonation of the calcium carbonate is prevented, limiting the decarbonation to lead to the formation of active lime compounds alone.

Det er kendt, at den termiske dissociation af calciumcar-bonat er en ligevægtsreaktion, hvis temperatur afhænger af partialtrykket af carbondioxid i reaktionsbeholderen.It is known that the thermal dissociation of calcium carbonate is an equilibrium reaction whose temperature depends on the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the reaction vessel.

35 Ved et tryk på 1 atmosfære er denne temperatur af størrelsesordenen 920 °C. Ifølge opfindelsen opvarmer man således til en temperatur mellem 700 og 900 °C uden dekom-At a pressure of 1 atmosphere, this temperature is of the order of 920 ° C. Thus, according to the invention, it is heated to a temperature between 700 and 900 ° C without decomposition.

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4 ponering af calciumcarbonatet, idet der opretholdes et passende CC^-tryk.4, leaving the calcium carbonate maintaining an appropriate CC

Når calciumcarbonat i denne tilstand findes sammen med 5 tilstrækkeligt reaktive oxider af jern, aluminium og silicium (f.eks. fremkommet ved termisk aktivering af ler) ved en temperatur, ved hvilken dannelsen af simple eller komplekse kalkforbindelser er termodynamisk mulig, vil der kun foregå dekomponering af det calciumcarbonat, 10 som indgår i de dannede forbindelser.When calcium carbonate in this state is found together with 5 sufficiently reactive oxides of iron, aluminum and silicon (for example, obtained by the thermal activation of clay) at a temperature at which the formation of simple or complex lime compounds is thermodynamically possible, only decomposition of the calcium carbonate 10 contained in the compounds formed.

På den anden side svarer det anvendte temperaturinterval (700-900 °C) til det temperaturinterval, hvor der foregår mere eller mindre fuldstændig dehydroxylering af en lang 15 række hydrater og lerarter under dannelse af særdeles reaktive oxider. Denne kontrollerede dehydroxylering er kendt i forbindelse med fremstilling af kunstige puzzo-laner. Ifølge den foreliggende opfindelse er det således blevet muligt samtidigt at tilvejebringe aktiveringsreak-20 tioner for de hydratholdige faser og dannelsesreaktioner for kalkholdige forbindelser ud fra et passende udgangsmateriale, som behandles ved en temperatur valgt i forhold til det herskende partialtryk af carbondioxid, som modvirker dissociationen af calciumcarbonatet.On the other hand, the temperature range used (700-900 ° C) corresponds to the temperature range where more or less complete dehydroxylation of a wide variety of hydrates and clays occurs to form highly reactive oxides. This controlled dehydroxylation is known in the manufacture of artificial puzzo lanes. Thus, in accordance with the present invention, it has become possible to simultaneously provide activation reactions for the hydrate-containing phases and formation reactions for calcareous compounds from a suitable starting material treated at a temperature selected relative to the prevailing partial pressure of carbon dioxide which counteracts the dissociation of carbon dioxide. the calcium carbonate.

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De ved de ovenfor beskrevne betingelser dannede forbindelser (aktive oxider og kalkforbindelser) er kendetegnet ved en særdeles dårligt organiseret struktur, som faktisk bibringer disse deres reaktivitet. Da de kalkholdige for-30 bindeiser på den anden side aldrig kommer i forbindelse med et overskud af calciumoxid under deres dannelse, har de sædvanligvis en meget lav kalkmætningsgrad. Dette medfører, at det ifølge opfindelsen dannede aktive produkt kun kan udvikle sine hydrauliske egenskaber fuldstændigt 35 i nærværelse af et aktiverende materiale, som danner calciumhydroxid, såsom klinker eller et vilkårligt andet aktiverende materiale med tilsvarende fysisk-kemisk virk-The compounds formed under the conditions described above (active oxides and lime compounds) are characterized by a very poorly organized structure which actually imparts their reactivity. On the other hand, since the calcareous bonding compounds never come into contact with excess calcium oxide during their formation, they usually have a very low calcium saturation degree. This means that the active product formed according to the invention can only fully develop its hydraulic properties in the presence of an activating material which produces calcium hydroxide such as clinker or any other activating material having similar physicochemical properties.

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5 ning (en betydelig virkning tilvejebringes allerede med en mængde på ca. 5% af et sådant materiale). På samme måde sikrer en optimal gipstilsætning de bedste resultater.5 (a considerable effect is already provided with an amount of about 5% of such material). Similarly, an optimum plaster cast ensures the best results.

5 De anvendte driftbetingelser, hvor der arbejdes ved en relativt lav temperatur, således at man undgår dissoci-ering af uomsat calciumcarbonat, gør det muligt at tilvejebringe en fordelagtig termisk balance, idet denne termiske dissociation af calciumcarbonatet udgør hoved-10 parten af energiforbruget. Desuden opnås en stærkt formindsket forurening af atmosfæren. Faktisk kræver fremstilling af et kg aktivt produkt kun ca. 400 kilokalorier.5 The operating conditions employed, which operate at a relatively low temperature, so as to avoid dissociation of unreacted calcium carbonate, provide an advantageous thermal balance, this thermal dissociation of the calcium carbonate being the major part of the energy consumption. In addition, a greatly reduced pollution of the atmosphere is obtained. In fact, producing a kg of active product requires only approx. 400 kilocalories.

15 Den ovenfor beskrevne termiske behandling kan med fordel gennemføres i en flammeovn, idet der arbejdes med et brændstof og ved forbrændingsbetingelser, som sikrer det størst mulige indhold af carbondioxid.15 The above-described thermal treatment can advantageously be carried out in a flame furnace, working with a fuel and under combustion conditions which ensure the highest possible content of carbon dioxide.

20 Den her omhandlede fremgangsmåde kan også gennemføres i en ovn med fluidiseret masse, som arbejder under en passende atmosfære.The process of the present invention may also be carried out in a fluid-mass furnace operating under a suitable atmosphere.

Den kemiske kontrol med den termiske behandling af pro-25 duktet kan uden vanskelighed gennemføres ved standardiserede bestemmelser af glødetab, C^-indhold af frit kalk og indhold af uopløselig rest.The chemical control of the thermal treatment of the product can be easily accomplished by standardized determinations of glow loss, C₂ content of free lime and content of insoluble residue.

Valget af råmateriale baseres på følgende betragtninger: 30The choice of raw material is based on the following considerations:

Det behandlede råmateriale skal udvise den størst mulige kontakt mellem calciumcarbonat og de hydratiserede faser. Råmaterialet kan være naturligt forekommende, f.eks. i form af mere eller mindre kalkholdige lerarter, merler 35 samt visse skiferarter, men det kan også være kunstigt fremstillet, f.eks. en blanding af findelte materialer eller coprecipiterede materialer, f.eks. fra vandbehand- 6The raw material treated must exhibit the greatest possible contact between calcium carbonate and the hydrated phases. The raw material may be naturally occurring, e.g. in the form of more or less calcareous clays, merler 35 and certain shale species, but it may also be made artificially, e.g. a mixture of finely divided materials or coprecipitated materials, e.g. from water treatment 6

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ling.Ling.

I visse tilfælde kan der tilsættes kemiske mineralise-ringsmidler til fremme af reaktionerne. Da reaktionerne 5 foregår i fast fase, bør gensidig indbyrdes fortynding af hovedkomponenterne, dvs. de hydratiserede og de carbonat-holdige faser, undgås.In some cases, chemical mineralizers can be added to promote the reactions. Since the reactions 5 take place in a solid phase, mutual dilution of the main components, i.e. the hydrated and carbonate-containing phases are avoided.

I det følgende illustreres opfindelsen nærmere ved et 10 eksempel.In the following, the invention is further illustrated by an example.

Der blev fremstillet et hydraulisk bindemiddel indeholdende 80% af et produkt fremstillet ifølge opfindelsen og 20% gængse klinker, som med optimal gipstilsætning førte 15 til produkter med følgende styrkeværdier for en ISO-mør-tel: _Bøj etrækstyrke_Trykstyrke 20 2 dage 2,55 Mpa 11 Mpa 7 dage 5,60 Mpa 31 Mpa 28 dage 7,80 Mpa 48 Mpa 3 måneder 8,40 Mpa 53,60 Mpa 6 måneder 8,70 Mpa 55,60 Mpa 25 _A hydraulic binder containing 80% of a product made according to the invention and 20% common clinker was produced which, with optimum gypsum application, led 15 products with the following strength values for an ISO mortar: - Bend tensile strength_ Pressure strength 20 2 days 2.55 MPa Mpa 7 days 5.60 Mpa 31 Mpa 28 days 7.80 Mpa 48 Mpa 3 months 8.40 Mpa 53.60 Mpa 6 months 8.70 Mpa 55.60 Mpa 25 _

Ifølge opfindelsen tilvejebringes således et hydraulisk bindemiddel af særdeles god kvalitet. Den her omhandlede fremgangsmåde er særdeles energibesparende, og der til-30 vejebringes en betydelig mindsket forurening.According to the invention, there is thus provided a very good quality hydraulic binder. The process of the present invention is extremely energy-saving and significantly reduces pollution.

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Claims (2)

1. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af hydrauliske binde-5 midler omfattende udvælgelse af et råmateriale indeholdende omhyggeligt sammenblandede lerholdige faser og calciumcarbonat og varmebehandling af sådant materiale ved en temperatur ikke overstigende 900 “C, kendetegnet ved, at den består af fremstilling af et ak-10 tivt produkt ved følgende behandlingstrin: - varmebehandling af det i kravets indledning beskrevne materiale ved en temperatur mellem 700 °C og 900 °C; 15. påføring under varmebehandlingen af materialet af et tilstrækkelig stort carbondioxidpartialtryk til at modvirke den termiske dissociation af calciumcarbonatet ud over det, som direkte kombinerer sig med de lerholdige faser; 20 - samtidig opnåelse af aktivering af de lerholdige faser ved dehydroxylering, puzzolanisk aktivering, og direkte reaktion mellem sådanne dehydroxylerede lerholdige faser og en del af calciumcarbonatet til dannelse af calcium- 25 forbindelser med potentielle hydrauliske egenskaber uden dannelse af frit calciumoxid, og - blanding af det således opnåede aktive produkt med et aktiverende materiale til fuld udvikling af det aktive 30 produkts hydrauliske egenskaber, hvorved mængden af det aktive produkt i blandingen ikke overstiger 95%. 1A process for preparing hydraulic binders comprising selecting a feedstock containing carefully blended clay-containing phases and calcium carbonate and heat treating such material at a temperature not exceeding 900 ° C, characterized in that it consists of producing an ac-10 product at the following processing steps: - heat treatment of the material described in the preamble of the claim at a temperature between 700 ° C and 900 ° C; 15. applying during the heat treatment of the material a sufficiently large carbon dioxide partial pressure to counteract the thermal dissociation of the calcium carbonate beyond that which directly combines with the clay-containing phases; 20 - simultaneously achieving activation of the clay-containing phases by dehydroxylation, puzzolanic activation, and direct reaction between such dehydroxylated clay-containing phases and a portion of the calcium carbonate to form calcium compounds with potential hydraulic properties without formation of free calcium oxide, and - mixing of the active product thus obtained with an activating material for full development of the hydraulic properties of the active product, whereby the amount of the active product in the mixture does not exceed 95%. 1 2 Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det aktiverende materiale danner calciumhydroxid. 35 2 Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det aktiverende materiale er gængse klinker.Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the activating material forms calcium hydroxide. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the activating material is common clinker.
DK488085A 1985-10-24 1985-10-24 PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF HYDRAULIC BINDING AGENTS DK163987C (en)

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DK488085A DK163987C (en) 1985-10-24 1985-10-24 PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF HYDRAULIC BINDING AGENTS

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DK488085 1985-10-24
DK488085A DK163987C (en) 1985-10-24 1985-10-24 PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF HYDRAULIC BINDING AGENTS

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DK488085D0 DK488085D0 (en) 1985-10-24
DK488085A DK488085A (en) 1987-04-25
DK163987B true DK163987B (en) 1992-04-27
DK163987C DK163987C (en) 1992-09-21

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