DK146642B - APPLICATION FOR ELECTRICAL ANTIFICATION OF ANIMALS, NAME PIGS - Google Patents
APPLICATION FOR ELECTRICAL ANTIFICATION OF ANIMALS, NAME PIGS Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK146642B DK146642B DK220878AA DK220878A DK146642B DK 146642 B DK146642 B DK 146642B DK 220878A A DK220878A A DK 220878AA DK 220878 A DK220878 A DK 220878A DK 146642 B DK146642 B DK 146642B
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- animals
- animal
- pigs
- electrical
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
- A22B—SLAUGHTERING
- A22B3/00—Slaughtering or stunning
- A22B3/06—Slaughtering or stunning by electric current
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G2201/00—Indexing codes relating to handling devices, e.g. conveyors, characterised by the type of product or load being conveyed or handled
- B65G2201/02—Articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G2207/00—Indexing codes relating to constructional details, configuration and additional features of a handling device, e.g. Conveyors
- B65G2207/14—Combination of conveyors
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
- Processing Of Meat And Fish (AREA)
- Structure Of Belt Conveyors (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
- Attitude Control For Articles On Conveyors (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
Description
(19) DANMARK Cff)(19) DENMARK Cff)
§„2) FREMLÆGGELSESSKRIFT (n) 146642 B§ "2) PUBLICATION (s) 146642 B
DIREKTORATET FOR PATENT- OG VAREMÆRKEVÆSENETDIRECTORATE OF THE PATENT AND TRADEMARKET SYSTEM
(21) Patentansøgning nr.: 2208/78 (51) Int.CI.3: A22B 3/06 (22) Indleveringsdag: 18 maj 1978 (41) Aim. tilgængelig: 19 nov 1978 (44) Fremlagt: 28 nov 1983 (86) International ansøgning nr.:- (30) Prioritet: 18 maj 1977 NL 7705519 (71) Ansøger: *MACHINEFABRIEK G.J. NIJHUIS B.V.; Winterswijk, NL.(21) Patent Application No .: 2208/78 (51) Int.CI.3: A22B 3/06 (22) Filing Date: May 18, 1978 (41) Aim. available: 19 Nov 1978 (44) Submitted: 28 Nov 1983 (86) International Application No :- (30) Priority: 18 May 1977 NL 7705519 (71) Applicant: * MACHINEFABRIEK G.J. NIJHUIS B.V .; Winterswijk, NL.
(72) Opfinder: Johan Willem ‘Nijhuls; NL.(72) Inventor: Johan Willem 'Nijhuls; NL.
(74) Fuldmægtig: Ingeniørfirmaet Lehmann & Ree (54) Apparat til elektrisk bedøvelse af slagtedyr, navnlig grise(74) Plenipotentiary: Lehmann & Ree Engineering Company (54) Electrical anesthetic apparatus for slaughter animals, in particular pigs
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår et apparat til elektrisk bedøvelse af slagtedyr, navnlig grise, omfattende to endeløse transportbånd, som løber i synkronisme og parallelt med hinanden, og hvis to arbejdsoverflader er anbragt i en V-formet stilling i forhold til hinanden, og som ved deres indgangsende har et gulv, der i bevægelsesretningen for båndene har en voksende afstand til disse, og hvor ap-paratet endvidere omfatter to elektroder, der kan bringes i berøring med et dyrs hoved.The present invention relates to an apparatus for electrically anesthetizing slaughter animals, in particular pigs, comprising two endless conveyor belts running in synchronism and parallel to each other, and whose two working surfaces are arranged in a V-shaped position relative to each other and the entrance end has a floor which, in the direction of movement of the bands, has a growing distance therefrom, and the apparatus further comprising two electrodes which can be brought into contact with the head of an animal.
(Q Et sådant apparat er kendt fra USA-patentskrift nr. 2.185.(Q Such apparatus is known from U.S. Patent No. 2,185.
O! 949. Med dette kendte apparat bliver dyret, der fastholdes mellem 2 transportbåndene, som danner den V-formede passage, bedøvet ved hjælp CO af et par elektriske bedøvelsestænger, som betjenes af en person.ISLAND! 949. With this known apparatus, the animal held between the 2 conveyor belts forming the V-shaped passage is anesthetized by CO by a pair of electrical anesthetic rods operated by a person.
'CT'CT
T· Det kendte apparat er allerede blevet anvendt x mange år ttT · The known device has been used for many years now
OISLAND
2 U6642 over hele verden. Under elektrisk bedøvelse er det af stor betydning, at elektroderne umiddelbart anbringes på den rigtige måde, at overgangsmodstanden er lille, og at afbrydelser i strømmen ikke kan finde sted under tilførslen af det bedøvende strømstød. Operatøren er imidlertid udsat for stresspåvirkning på grund af den høje produktionshastighed ved dræbning af dyr, som prøver at stritte imod. Arbejdet er følgelig meget trættende. Når et relativt stort antal dyr skal bedøves, har dette til følge, at bedøvelsen ikke finder sted eller sker utilstrækkeligt eller sker således, at der forekommer muskelkon fraktioner, som fører til indre blødninger eller endog til brud på rygraden.2 U6642 worldwide. Under electrical anesthesia, it is of great importance that the electrodes are placed immediately in the correct manner, that the transient resistance is small and that interruptions in the current cannot occur during the supply of the anesthetic shock. However, the operator is subject to stress due to the high production rate of killing animals that are trying to fight against. The work is consequently very tiring. When a relatively large number of animals are to be anesthetized, this results in the anesthesia not occurring or occurring insufficiently or so as to cause muscle contractions leading to internal bleeding or even spinal fracture.
Formålet med den foreliggende opfindelse er at tilvejebringe et apparat til elektrisk bedøvelse af slagtedyr, hvor operatøren ikke længere er nødvendig, og uden at dette er en ulempe for kvaliteten af kødet af dyret, der skal bedøves og derefter slagtes.The object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for electrically stunning animals for slaughter where the operator is no longer needed and without this a disadvantage for the quality of the meat of the animal to be anesthetized and then slaughtered.
Ifølge opfindelsen opnås dette ved, at elektroderne set i bevægelsesretningen for transportbåndene er anbragt bag hinanden i den V-formede passage mellem båndene i en afstand fra hinanden.According to the invention, this is achieved by placing the electrodes in the direction of movement of the conveyor belts one behind the other in the V-shaped passage between the belts at a distance from one another.
Der er således i den V-formede passage anbragt to elektroder, som efter hinanden kommer i berøring med dyret, der skal bedøves. Såsnart kontakten mellem de to elektroder er blevet etableret af dyrets hoved, kan det bedøvende strømstød løbe fra den ene elektrode gennem dyrets hoved til den anden elektrode og kan bedøve dyret.Thus, in the V-shaped passage, two electrodes are placed which, in succession, come into contact with the animal to be anesthetized. As soon as contact between the two electrodes has been established by the animal's head, the anesthetic shock may run from one electrode through the animal's head to the other electrode and can anesthetize the animal.
Herved opnås ikke kun, at operatøren bliver overflødig, men også, og dette er af meget større betydning, den overraskende effekt, at den procentdel af dyr, hvor der ved dårlig bedøvelse faktisk forekommer muskelkontraktioner, og kødkvaliteten følgelig er dårligere, er blevet reduceret betydeligt. Det kunne ikke forventes, at elektroder, der er monteret på et fast sted i passagen i transportanordningen, kunne udføre en bedre strømovergang med et dyr fastholdt mellem transportbåndene end ved anvendelse af manuelt styrede elektroder, hvor man havde mulighed for at tilpasse stillingen af elektroderne til dyrets hoved, som stadig var i bevægelse.Not only does this result in the operator becoming redundant, but also, and this is of much greater importance, the surprising effect that the percentage of animals in which, in poor anesthesia actually occurs, muscle contractions and consequently the meat quality is poorer, has been significantly reduced. . It was not to be expected that electrodes mounted at a fixed location in the passage of the conveyor could perform a better current transition with an animal held between the conveyor belts than by using manually controlled electrodes, where the position of the electrodes could be adjusted to the animal's head, which was still moving.
Det er muligt, at den overraskende virkning delvis er et resultat af den højere spænding, som kan anvendes, når der ikke er en operatør, og som ikke kunne anvendes i forbindelse med manuelt betjente elektroder på grund af sikkerhedsforanstaltninger.It is possible that the surprising effect is partly a result of the higher voltage which can be used when there is no operator and which could not be used in connection with manually operated electrodes due to safety measures.
Det skal bemærkes, at der fra fransk patentskrift nr.It should be noted that from French patent no.
693.639 kendes et automatisk bedøvelsesapparat, f.eks. for grise, 3 146642 hvor elektroder er anbragt i en passage bag hinanden i bevægelsesretningen, hvilke elektroder kan svinges bort og holdes i deres udgangsstilling af en fjeder. Passagen er her dannet af en bevægelig bund, som danner transportøren, og parallelle lodrette hegn ved siderne af den bevægelige bund. I dette kendte apparat havde dyrene, der skulle bedøves, mulighed for at modsætte sig bedøvelsen ved at gå baglæns ved at springe op eller ved at stå på bagbenene osv. på grund af passagens konstruktion. Med apparatet ifølge opfindelsen kan dyrene kun bevæge deres hoveder.693,639 discloses an automatic anesthetic device, e.g. for pigs, where electrodes are arranged in a passage one behind the other in the direction of movement, which electrodes can be swung away and held in their starting position by a spring. Here, the passage is formed by a movable bottom forming the conveyor and parallel vertical fences at the sides of the movable bottom. In this known apparatus, the animals to be anesthetized had the opportunity to resist the anesthetic by walking backwards by jumping up or by standing on the hind legs etc. due to the construction of the passage. With the apparatus according to the invention, the animals can only move their heads.
Arrangementet af elektroderne bag hinanden set i bevægelsesretningen i kombination med transportøren med en V-formet passage, hvor dyret fastholdes og kun har nogen resterende bevægelsesfrihed med hensyn til placeringen af hovedet, fører til det overraskende resultat, at procentdelen af lavere kvalitet formindskes i forhold til manuel bedøvelse, hvortil kan tilføjes den yderligere overraskende virkning, som har vist sig efter udstrakt anvendelse af apparatet ifølge opfindelsen, at kødets mørhed er bedre ved dyr, som er slagtet efter at være bedøvet med apparatet ifølge opfindelsen.The arrangement of the electrodes one after the other in the direction of movement in combination with the conveyor with a V-shaped passage, where the animal is held and has only some freedom of movement with respect to the position of the head, results in the surprising result that the percentage of lower quality is reduced compared to manual stunning, to which may be added the further surprising effect, which has shown after extensive use of the apparatus of the invention, that the tenderness of the meat is better in animals slaughtered after being anesthetized with the apparatus of the invention.
Såsnart dyret er bedøvet, skal elektroderne rømme den V-formede passage. Dette kan ske ved at gøre dem lodret bevægelige op og ned. Fortrinsvis er de imidlertid svingeligt monteret omkring vandrette akser og fjederpåvirket.As soon as the animal is anesthetized, the electrodes must escape the V-shaped passage. This can be done by moving them vertically up and down. Preferably, however, they are pivotally mounted about horizontal axes and spring-loaded.
Ifølge opfindelsen foretrækkes det, at elektroderne er dannet af et antal parallelle stænger, som er bevægelige uafhængigt af hinanden. Dette muliggør en tilpasning af elektroderne til den stadig tilbageværende bevægelighed af dyrets hoved og en tilpasning til hovedets form.According to the invention, it is preferred that the electrodes are formed by a plurality of parallel bars which are movable independently of one another. This allows an adaptation of the electrodes to the remaining movement of the animal's head and an adjustment to the shape of the head.
I stedet for stænger kan der ligesåvel anvendes kæder.Instead of rods, chains can be used as well.
Det foretrækkes endvidere, at den første elektrode set i bevægelsesretningen i princippet har en lodret udgangsstilling, og at den anden elektrode strækker sig skråt fremad over den største del af sin længde. Det vil forstås, at såsnart dyret ser den første elektrode, bevæger det hovedet nedad for at komme under den. Dette lykkes ikke, og dyret føler, at den første elektrode rammer hen over dets hoved.Det bevæger derpå hovedet opad, og dyret kommer så med næsen i kontakt med den anden elektrode, hvorefter strømstødet på den mest hensigtsmæssige måde kan løbe gennem hjernen.It is further preferred that the first electrode seen in the direction of movement has in principle a vertical starting position and that the second electrode extends obliquely over the greater part of its length. It will be understood that as soon as the animal sees the first electrode, it moves its head downward to get under it. This does not succeed and the animal feels that the first electrode hits over its head. It then moves its head upwards, and the animal then comes in contact with the second electrode, after which the shock can pass through the brain in the most appropriate way.
Opfindelsen skal herefter forklares nærmere under henvisning til tegningen, hvor fig. 1 viser et sidebillede af en udførelsesform for apparatet ifølge opfindelsen med dele skåret bort og 146642 4 fig. 2 et billede forfra af samme apparat.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which fig. 1 shows a side view of an embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention with parts cut away and FIG. 2 is a front view of the same apparatus.
På tegningen er vist en restrainer omfattende to bånd 1 og 2, der er anbragt i V-form med et underliggende gulv 3, som skråner nedad. Grisene, som tilføres i retning af pilen 4, mister understøtningen under deres fødder som følge af det nedadskrånende gulv 3 og fastklemmes mellem båndene 1 og 2 med deres sider.The drawing shows a restrainer comprising two bands 1 and 2 arranged in a V-shape with an underlying floor 3 which slopes downwards. The pigs fed in the direction of arrow 4 lose support under their feet as a result of the downward sloping floor 3 and are clamped between bands 1 and 2 with their sides.
I apparatets stativ er anbragt elektroder 5 og 6, der kan svinge omkring vandrette akser 7 og 8, og som er fastholdt i begyndelsesstillingen ved hjælp af fjedre henholdsvis 9 og lo. Som det fremgår af fig. 2, omfatter disse elektroder et antal stænger, hvis længde i det væsentlige er fastlagt af det V-formede rum mellem båndene 1 og 2. Elektroderne 5 er ophængt i det væsentlige lodret, medens elektroderne 6 omfatter en skrå del 6', der er rettet fremad.In the frame of the apparatus are placed electrodes 5 and 6 which can pivot about horizontal axes 7 and 8 and which are held in the initial position by springs 9 and 10, respectively. As shown in FIG. 2, these electrodes comprise a plurality of rods whose length is substantially determined by the V-shaped space between the bands 1 and 2. The electrodes 5 are suspended substantially vertically, while the electrodes 6 comprise an inclined portion 6 'directed forward.
Grisen, som ankommer til elektroderne 5, vil skubbe disse elektroder bort med sit hoved, således at de vil svinge omkring aksen 7 modsat urviserens retning. Så snart hovedet har passeret disse elektroder 5, kommer trynen indenfor rækkevidden af elektroderne 6, og så snart trynen eller øjnene kommer i kontakt med disse, vil styrestrømmen begynde at løbe, og umiddelbart derefter følger strømstødet. De første elektroder er da beliggende på dyrets hals. Strøm gennem øjnene er fordelagtig, fordi øjnene har en direkte forbindelse med hjernen.The pig arriving at the electrodes 5 will push these electrodes away with their head so that they will pivot around the axis 7 opposite the clockwise direction. As soon as the head has passed these electrodes 5, the throne comes within the range of the electrodes 6, and as soon as the throne or eyes come into contact with it, the control current will start to flow, and immediately thereafter, the shock will follow. The first electrodes are then located on the animal's neck. Power through the eyes is advantageous because the eyes have a direct connection with the brain.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK521382A DK151922C (en) | 1977-05-18 | 1982-11-23 | APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATIC ELECTRICAL ANTIFICATION OF ANIMALS, NAME PIG |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NLAANVRAGE7705519,A NL170223C (en) | 1977-05-18 | 1977-05-18 | Apparatus for the electrical stunning of slaughtered cattle, in particular pigs. |
NL7705519 | 1977-05-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DK220878A DK220878A (en) | 1978-11-19 |
DK146642B true DK146642B (en) | 1983-11-28 |
Family
ID=19828581
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DK220878AA DK146642B (en) | 1977-05-18 | 1978-05-18 | APPLICATION FOR ELECTRICAL ANTIFICATION OF ANIMALS, NAME PIGS |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT371313B (en) |
BE (1) | BE867152A (en) |
CH (1) | CH628500A5 (en) |
DE (2) | DE2821440C2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK146642B (en) |
ES (1) | ES470301A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2390903A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1587115A (en) |
IE (1) | IE46843B1 (en) |
IT (2) | IT1095819B (en) |
NL (2) | NL170223C (en) |
SE (2) | SE433287B (en) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL7903678A (en) * | 1979-05-10 | 1980-11-12 | Nijhuis Machinefab Nv | Apparatus for the automatic stunning of slaughter cattle. |
NL7903677A (en) * | 1979-05-10 | 1980-11-12 | Nijhuis Machinefab Nv | DEVICE FOR STUNNING SLAUGHTERING CATTLES, SUCH AS PIGS. |
NL7904935A (en) * | 1979-06-25 | 1980-12-30 | Nijhuis Machinefab Nv | Apparatus for the electrical stunning of slaughtered cattle, in particular pigs. |
NL7903680A (en) * | 1979-05-10 | 1980-11-12 | Nijhuis Machinefab Nv | DEVICE FOR ELECTRICAL STUNNING OF SLAUGHTER. |
NL7903681A (en) * | 1979-05-10 | 1980-11-12 | Nijhuis Machinefab Nv | DEVICE FOR ELECTRICAL STUNNING OF SLAUGHTER. |
NL8004689A (en) * | 1980-08-19 | 1982-03-16 | Nijhuis Machinefab Nv | METHOD FOR INFLUENCING QUALITY, IN PARTICULAR SOFTNESS, OF MEAT OF SLAUGHTER ANIMALS BY ELECTRIC CURRENT. |
NL8101024A (en) * | 1981-03-03 | 1982-10-01 | Nijhuis Machinefab Nv | ANIMALIZATION SYSTEM FOR SLAUGHTER. |
GB2170088B (en) * | 1982-12-07 | 1987-01-28 | Vnii Myasnoi Promy | Apparatus for electrically stunning animals |
AT381839B (en) * | 1982-12-07 | 1986-12-10 | Vnii Myasnoi Promy | METHOD FOR STUNNING ANIMALS WITH ELECTRICAL DC CURRENT AND DEVICE FOR THIS |
NZ214315A (en) * | 1985-11-25 | 1988-03-30 | Alliance Freezing Co Southland | Electrical stunning apparatus and method |
DE3922729A1 (en) * | 1989-03-25 | 1991-01-24 | Debus Gerhard Kg | Electric shock stunning equipment for slaughter cattle - in which damage to animal meat is avoided by applying low voltage and current to electrodes located in areas of lowest electrical resistance |
DE3909833C1 (en) * | 1989-03-25 | 1990-03-01 | Gerhard Debus KG, 6342 Haiger | Electric stunning of animals before slaughter - by using electrode adjacent eyes and hearth respectively |
NL9200487A (en) | 1992-03-16 | 1993-10-18 | Stork Nijhuis Bv | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STUNNING A SLAUGHTER ANIMALS |
US5486145A (en) * | 1993-03-16 | 1996-01-23 | Stork Rms B.V. | Method and device for stunning an animal for slaughter |
NL9202249A (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1993-11-01 | Stork Rms Bv | ANIMAL DEVICE FOR SLAUGHTER. |
DE4411577A1 (en) * | 1994-04-02 | 1995-10-05 | Fuhrmann Elektrotechnik | Electrical stunning process for slaughter of animals |
FR2737391B1 (en) * | 1995-08-01 | 1997-09-12 | Norman Soc | DEVICE FOR THE SLAUGHTERING OF BEEF ANIMALS BY ELECTROCUTION PROVIDED WITH CONTINUOUSLY MOVING MOBILE ELECTRODES |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR693639A (en) * | 1929-02-06 | 1930-11-22 | Adolf Pfretzscher G M B H | Device for knocking out animals to be slaughtered by means of an electric current |
DE494062C (en) * | 1929-02-07 | 1930-03-18 | Adolf Pfretzschner G M B H | Device for stunning slaughter animals |
US2185949A (en) * | 1936-09-23 | 1940-01-02 | Inst Of American Meat Packers | Hog stunning pen |
US2621362A (en) * | 1950-10-02 | 1952-12-16 | Sussex Poultry Company Inc | Apparatus for stunning poultry |
US3118174A (en) | 1960-11-14 | 1964-01-21 | Alvin W Hughes | Method for animal immobilization preliminary to slaughtering |
DE1144145B (en) * | 1961-04-22 | 1963-02-21 | Karl Schermer & Co | Switching device for devices for electrical stunning of slaughtered animals |
GB1227371A (en) * | 1968-04-11 | 1971-04-07 | ||
DE2329983A1 (en) * | 1973-06-13 | 1975-01-09 | Kerner Karl Heinz | Electrical stunning device for humane killing - fires thyristors only within fixed inter electrode resistance band |
SE390786B (en) * | 1974-12-10 | 1977-01-24 | G V Andersson | DEVICE FOR ANNOUNCING PIGS |
-
1977
- 1977-05-18 NL NLAANVRAGE7705519,A patent/NL170223C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1978
- 1978-05-16 DE DE2821440A patent/DE2821440C2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-16 DE DE2858125A patent/DE2858125C2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-16 GB GB19904/78A patent/GB1587115A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-17 ES ES470301A patent/ES470301A1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-17 IT IT23505/78A patent/IT1095819B/en active
- 1978-05-17 AT AT0358378A patent/AT371313B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-05-17 SE SE7805658A patent/SE433287B/en unknown
- 1978-05-17 BE BE187757A patent/BE867152A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-05-17 CH CH536178A patent/CH628500A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-05-17 IE IE994/78A patent/IE46843B1/en unknown
- 1978-05-17 FR FR7814652A patent/FR2390903A1/en active Granted
- 1978-05-18 DK DK220878AA patent/DK146642B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1982
- 1982-03-08 NL NLAANVRAGE8200944,A patent/NL176994C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-11-09 SE SE8206351A patent/SE434452B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1983
- 1983-01-21 IT IT19217/83A patent/IT1218340B/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT7823505A0 (en) | 1978-05-17 |
ES470301A1 (en) | 1979-02-16 |
IE780994L (en) | 1978-11-18 |
NL170223B (en) | 1982-05-17 |
GB1587115A (en) | 1981-04-01 |
IT1218340B (en) | 1990-04-12 |
ATA358378A (en) | 1982-11-15 |
SE433287B (en) | 1984-05-21 |
BE867152A (en) | 1978-11-17 |
SE8206351D0 (en) | 1982-11-09 |
DE2821440C2 (en) | 1985-12-12 |
FR2390903A1 (en) | 1978-12-15 |
IT8319217A0 (en) | 1983-01-21 |
FR2390903B1 (en) | 1982-03-26 |
SE434452B (en) | 1984-07-30 |
DK220878A (en) | 1978-11-19 |
NL8200944A (en) | 1982-07-01 |
IE46843B1 (en) | 1983-10-05 |
SE7805658L (en) | 1978-11-19 |
IT1095819B (en) | 1985-08-17 |
NL170223C (en) | 1982-10-18 |
AT371313B (en) | 1983-06-27 |
CH628500A5 (en) | 1982-03-15 |
NL7705519A (en) | 1978-11-21 |
DE2821440A1 (en) | 1978-11-23 |
NL176994B (en) | 1985-02-18 |
DE2858125C2 (en) | 1987-04-02 |
NL176994C (en) | 1985-07-16 |
SE8206351L (en) | 1982-11-09 |
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